The 7 ka old Qixiangzhan lava flow(QXZ,Tianchi volcano)represents the last eruptive event before the 946 CE,caldera-forming‘Millennium’eruption(ME).Petrographic,whole rock,mineral composition,Sr-Nd isotopic data on ...The 7 ka old Qixiangzhan lava flow(QXZ,Tianchi volcano)represents the last eruptive event before the 946 CE,caldera-forming‘Millennium’eruption(ME).Petrographic,whole rock,mineral composition,Sr-Nd isotopic data on QXZ show that:(a)the lava consists of two components,constituted by comenditic obsidian fragments immersed in a continuous,aphanitic component;(b)both components have the same geochemical and isotopic variations of the ME magma.The QXZ and ME comendites result from fractional crystallization and crustal assimilation processes.The temperature of the QXZ magma was about 790℃ and the depth of the magma reservoir around 7 km,the same values as estimated for ME.QXZ had a viscosity of 10^(5.5)-10^(9) Pa s and a velocity of 3-10 km/yr.The emplacement time was 0.5-1.6yr and the flow rate 0.48-1.50 m^(3)/s.These values lie within the range estimated for other rhyolitic flows worldwide.The QXZ lava originated through a mixed explosive-effusive activity with the obsidian resulting from the ascent of undercooling,degassing and the fragmentation of magma along the conduit walls,whereas the aphanitic component testifies to the less undercooled and segregated flow at the center of the conduit.The QXZ lava demonstrates the extensive history of the ME magma chamber.展开更多
In this study,ionosonde observations over Fuke(19.5°N,109.1°E),Wuhan(30.5°N,114.4°E),and Mohe(53.5°N,122.3°E)were analyzed to demonstrate the responses of the sporadic E()to the severe at...In this study,ionosonde observations over Fuke(19.5°N,109.1°E),Wuhan(30.5°N,114.4°E),and Mohe(53.5°N,122.3°E)were analyzed to demonstrate the responses of the sporadic E()to the severe atmospheric disturbances caused by the Tonga volcanic eruptions on January 15,2022.The most prominent signature was the disappearance of the layer after~10:00 UT over Wuhan and Fuke,which was attributed to the vertical drift caused by the eruptions.The occurred intermittently after 13:00 UT following the arrival of the tropospheric Lamb wave.To examine the causal mechanism for the intermittence,we also included data of horizontal winds in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere region recorded by the meteor radars at Wuhan and Mohe in this study.The wind disturbances with periods of~20 hours contributed to the formation of the layer in the nighttime on January 15.展开更多
BACKGROUND This study analyzed the dental follicle and alveolar bone of two patients with tooth eruption disorders,aiming to provide some reference for exploring the etiology and selecting treatment plans of this dise...BACKGROUND This study analyzed the dental follicle and alveolar bone of two patients with tooth eruption disorders,aiming to provide some reference for exploring the etiology and selecting treatment plans of this disease from the perspective of the influence of extracellular matrix on osteoclasts differentiation in dental follicle.CASE SUMMARY Collect dental follicle and alveolar bone tissue from one patient with single tooth eruption disorder and one patient with full permanent tooth eruption disorder,respectively.Simultaneously collect the dental follicle and alveolar bone tissue of obstructed teeth that need to be extracted due to orthodontic treatment as the control group.Hematoxylin and eosin(HE)staining was used to observe the morphology of dental follicle cells.Immunohistochemical staining was used to observe the expression of periostin,receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand(RANKL),and osteoprotegerin(OPG)protein in dental follicle and alveolar bone tissue.And observe the eruption of teeth after removing resistance from the crown of the permanent tooth germ.CONCLUSION HE staining of two cases of dental follicle tissues showed that the volume of dental follicle cells decreased,the nuclei were condensed,and there seemed to be cellular fibrosis.The immunohistochemical staining showed that both the dental follicle and alveolar bone tissue exhibited increased expression of periostin,decreased expression of RANKL and OPG proteins,and decreased RANKL/OPG ratio.After removing resistance,the permanent tooth germ often appears to have normal eruption.Tooth eruption disorders may be accompanied by abnormal remodeling of periostin,which affects the differentiation function of osteoclasts in the dental follicle and leads to metabolic imbalance of alveolar bone,resulting in tooth eruption disorders.Whether it is a single or full permanent tooth eruption disorder,once the coronal resistance is removed,the teeth can often erupt normally.展开更多
The paper considers a catastrophic event-the eruption of Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha’apai volcano on January 15,2022.The process of preparation and eruption of Hunga Tonga volcano generated tsunami waves that were observed ...The paper considers a catastrophic event-the eruption of Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha’apai volcano on January 15,2022.The process of preparation and eruption of Hunga Tonga volcano generated tsunami waves that were observed throughout the World Ocean.This event was notable for its unprecedented global impact and the early appearance of tsunami waves at distant coastal stations.So,the first waves at tide gauge stations in Chile and Peru were recorded 4 hours earlier than the arrival time of tsunami waves to the tide gauge after the eruption of Tonga volcano.Two mechanisms are possible for the generation of early tsunami waves:acoustic Lamb waves generated by a volcanic explosion and submarine landslides that occurred on the slopes of the volcano during the preparatory phase of the eruption.In this study,numerical simulation of various pre-eruption landslide scenarios on the slope of Hunga Tonga volcano is carried out in an attempt to explain these early tsunami waves.Under computation the elastoplastic model of landslide was taken into account.Wave characteristics of a tsunami on the coast of Chile and Peru generated by a landslide process on a volcanic slope are obtained.A detailed comparison of virtual tide gauge data with observational ones is used to validate this model.The results obtained can be used to improve early warning systems.展开更多
The black shales of Wufeng and Longmaxi Formation(Late Ordovician-Early Silurian period)in Sichuan Basin are the main strata for marine shale gas exploration,which have a yearly shale gas production of 228×10^(8)...The black shales of Wufeng and Longmaxi Formation(Late Ordovician-Early Silurian period)in Sichuan Basin are the main strata for marine shale gas exploration,which have a yearly shale gas production of 228×10^(8)m^(3)and cumulative shale gas production of 919×10^(8)m^(3).According to the lithological and biological features,filling sequences,sedimentary structures and lab analysis,the authors divided the Wufeng/Guanyinqiao and Longmaxi Formations into shore,tidal flat,shoal,shallow water shelf and deep water shelf facies,and confirmed that a shallow water deposition between the two sets of shales.Although both Formations contain similar shales,their formation mechanisms differ.During the deposition of Wufeng shale,influenced by the Caledonian Movement,the Central Sichuan and Guizhou Uplifts led to the transformation of the Sichuan Basin into a back-bulge basin.Coinstantaneous volcanic activity provided significant nutrients,contributing to the deposition of Wufeng Formation black shales.In contrast,during the deposition of Longmaxi shale,collisions caused basement subsidence,melting glaciers raised sea levels,and renewed volcanic activity provided additional nutrients,leading to Longmaxi Formation black shale accumulation.Considering the basic sedimentary geology and shale gas characteristics,areas such as Suijiang-Leibo-Daguan,Luzhou-Zigong,Weirong-Yongchuan,and Nanchuan-Dingshan are identified as key prospects for future shale gas exploration in the Wufeng-Longmaxi Formations.展开更多
The Solar Close Observations and Proximity Experiments(SCOPE)mission,which has been proposed by the Yunnan Observatories,Chinese Academy of Sciences,aiming to operate at a distance of 5 to 10 solar radii from the Sun,...The Solar Close Observations and Proximity Experiments(SCOPE)mission,which has been proposed by the Yunnan Observatories,Chinese Academy of Sciences,aiming to operate at a distance of 5 to 10 solar radii from the Sun,plans to complete the in situ detection of the solar eruption process and observation of the magnetic field structure response.The solar flux received by the satellite ranges from 10^(3) to 10^(6) Wm^(-2),which poses challenges for thermal management of the solar arrays.In this work,the solar array cooling system of the Parker Solar Probe is discussed,the developments of the fluid loop technique are reviewed,and a research plan for a next-generation solar array cooling system is proposed.This paper provides a valuable reference for novel thermal control systems in spacecraft for solar observation.展开更多
1.Objective The Emeishan basalts is located in southwest China and northern Vietnam,covering an area of 2.5×10^(5) km^(2)(Zhong YT et al.,2014),which is the first widely recognized large igneous province(LIP)in C...1.Objective The Emeishan basalts is located in southwest China and northern Vietnam,covering an area of 2.5×10^(5) km^(2)(Zhong YT et al.,2014),which is the first widely recognized large igneous province(LIP)in China(Zhang ZS,2009).The Emeishan LIP has attracted a numbers of scholars for the reason that the LIP may play a significant role in the evolution of environment and climate.Yang JH et al.,(2018)pointed out that the weathering of the Emeishan basalts consumed carbon dioxide and caused a decrease in the climate of the early Wuchiapingian.However,the duration and termination of the Emeishan basalts eruption remain in doubt.This paper reports a new discovery of tuffaceous in the middle part of the Upper Permian Wujiaping Formation from the northern margin of the Sichuan Basin,applying of LA-ICP-MS to obtain zircon U-Pb ages of tuffaceous and to constrain the lasted eruption timing of Emeishan LIP.展开更多
To explain the recent three-year La Niña event from 2020 to 2022,which has caused catastrophic weather events worldwide,Fasullo et al.(2023)demonstrated that the increase in biomass aerosol resulting from the 201...To explain the recent three-year La Niña event from 2020 to 2022,which has caused catastrophic weather events worldwide,Fasullo et al.(2023)demonstrated that the increase in biomass aerosol resulting from the 2019-20 Australian wildfire season could have triggered this multi-year La Niña.Here,we present compelling evidence from paleo-proxies,utilizing a substantial sample size of 26 volcanic eruptions in the Southern Hemisphere(SH),to support the hypothesis that ocean cooling in the SH can lead to a multi-year La Niña event.This research highlights the importance of focusing on the Southern Ocean,as current climate models struggle to accurately simulate the Pacific response driven by the Southern Ocean.展开更多
BACKGROUND Xanthomatosis,a metabolic disorder causing yellow growths(xanthomas),poses challenges in lipid metabolism.This case study introduces the first documented instance within China's Yi population,emphasizin...BACKGROUND Xanthomatosis,a metabolic disorder causing yellow growths(xanthomas),poses challenges in lipid metabolism.This case study introduces the first documented instance within China's Yi population,emphasizing the need to explore dietary habits and treatment strategies tailored to this specific community.CASE SUMMARY Xanthomatosis is a metabolic disorder where lipid metabolism goes awry,resulting in the development of yellowish growths called xanthomas.A male patient,47 years of age,from China's Yi population,who is obese,visited our dermatology clinic complaining of widespread,non-painful rashes that have been present for two weeks.The patient works as a chef and has a diet that frequently includes oily and greasy foods.This case represents the initial documentation of xanthomatosis within the Yi population in China,offering a theoretical foundation for understanding dietary patterns and treatment options specific to the Yi community.CONCLUSION The first report of xanthomatosis in the Yi population in China lays a theoretical foundation for understanding Yi dietary patterns and treatment.展开更多
This paper formulates a set of three technologies that should deal with the greatest threat to mankind—climate change at the lowest cost.The main technology will be“Sunny Rain”.It considers technology to prevent er...This paper formulates a set of three technologies that should deal with the greatest threat to mankind—climate change at the lowest cost.The main technology will be“Sunny Rain”.It considers technology to prevent eruptions of submarine volcanoes at shallow depths and technologies that provide scalable and impactful solutions to reduce carbon emissions across diverse industries as complementary technologies used to reduce cost.A list of submarine volcanoes at shallow depths that are likely to spew waterborne dust into the atmosphere has begun to be created.If the governments of Japan,Italy,and Greece,which have submarine volcanoes at shallow depths(Kiki,Marsili,Columbo),prevent eruptions of these volcanoes,it will provide electricity to these countries,save many of their citizens from death,and save humanity from the greatest threat—climate change—in the most inexpensive way possible!展开更多
Cutaneous larva migrans (CLM) is a zoonotic hookworm infection of dogs and cats commonly found in low-income countries in the tropical and subtropical regions and travellers to these regions. It is caused by invasion ...Cutaneous larva migrans (CLM) is a zoonotic hookworm infection of dogs and cats commonly found in low-income countries in the tropical and subtropical regions and travellers to these regions. It is caused by invasion of the skin by the parasitic larvae of hookworms which, after entry, move under the skin causing an inflammatory reaction resulting in a single or multiple tracks. Patients commonly present with a progressive, itchy, erythematous serpiginous skin rash, affecting the feet, although it can affect any other parts of the body. The diagnosis is mainly clinical, based on history and physical examination. Treatment of this condition can effectively be achieved with either albendazole or ivermectin. We present a case of a 7-year-old boy who was diagnosed with CLM after presenting to the hospital with a history of a progressive itchy rash with tracks on the left foot. Although CLM is a self-limiting disease, it causes a lot of suffering and, therefore, it is of public concern. There is a need to increase awareness of this disease among health workers, and to implement and promote preventive measures against the disease since the cause is known.展开更多
The Tonga submarine event refers to the volcanic eruption near the Tonga islands in the South Pacific Ocean, which produced a large plume possibly reaching the stratosphere and mesosphere. This interaction between vol...The Tonga submarine event refers to the volcanic eruption near the Tonga islands in the South Pacific Ocean, which produced a large plume possibly reaching the stratosphere and mesosphere. This interaction between volcanic activity and atmospheric layers can impact global climate. Identifying fundamental causes from atmospheric layers will help answer broader weather-related questions. El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is a natural climate pattern involving the warming and cooling of ocean waters in the equatorial Pacific, significantly affecting global weather patterns. Both events are compared with worldwide climate anomalies observed in the past three years. The results highlight that natural hazard anomalies cannot be solely explained by volcanic eruptions or ENSO variations.展开更多
Jeju Island,Korea,was formed through volcanic activity from approximately 1.8 million to 1,000 years ago.The island was designated a Global Geopark in 2010 in recognition of its diverse geoheritage.As part of a specia...Jeju Island,Korea,was formed through volcanic activity from approximately 1.8 million to 1,000 years ago.The island was designated a Global Geopark in 2010 in recognition of its diverse geoheritage.As part of a special edition for the International Geological Congress 2024,this article shares the latest scholarship on Jeju’s volcanic geoheritage sites to enhance public understanding of the island’s geoheritage as earlier misconceptions continue to spread through books,websites,and information boards,etc.Despite long being interpreted as a typical shield volcano,for example,Mt.Hallasan has been recategorized as a polygenetic and composite volcano that formed through Strombolian eruptions,lava effusions,and magma intrusions from 200,000 to 17,000 years ago.Moreover,although once interpreted as a single scoria cone that formed a thousand years ago,Biyangdo Island(Biyangbong)formed through subaerial volcanic eruptions 26,000 years ago that produced both a scoria cone and a spatter cone.This research is presented with the latest research on other volcano-related Jeju Island Global Geopark geosites,including Suwolbong Tuff Cone and Seongsan Ilchulbong Tuff Ring.Alongside regular research and monitoring,public awareness is essential to ensure sustainable protection due to increasing rockfalls caused by rising sea levels at coastal geosites and climate changeexacerbated freeze-thaw weathering at inland sites on Mt.Hallasan.展开更多
In Earth’s mantle,gravity instabilities initiated by density inversion lead to upwelling of hot materials as plumes.This study focuses upon the ascent dynamics of plumes to provide an explanation of the periodic mult...In Earth’s mantle,gravity instabilities initiated by density inversion lead to upwelling of hot materials as plumes.This study focuses upon the ascent dynamics of plumes to provide an explanation of the periodic multiple eruption events in large igneous provinces(LIP)and hotspots.We demonstrate that depending on physical conditions,plumes can either ascend in a continuous process with a single,large head trailing into a long slender tail,or alternatively,they ascend in a pulsating fashion producing multiple inaxis heads.Based on the Volume of Fluid(VOF)method,we performed computational fluid dynamics(CFD)simulations to constrain the thermo-mechanical conditions that decide the continuous versus pulsating dynamics.The simulations suggest the density(ρ^(*))and the viscosity(R)ratios of the ambient to the plume and the influx rates(Re)are the prime factors in controlling the ascent dynamics.The simulations could also predict thermal events near the surface causing eruption periodically as pulses.The pulsating plume model explains the multiple eruption events in different LIPs and our simulation results predict that variation in the temperature of the source layer can cause a range of timescale for this periodicity.展开更多
Since the eruption of the Tianchi volcano about 1000 years ago, there have been at least 3 to 5 eruptions of small to moderate size. In addition, hazardous avalanches, rock falls and debris flows have occurred during ...Since the eruption of the Tianchi volcano about 1000 years ago, there have been at least 3 to 5 eruptions of small to moderate size. In addition, hazardous avalanches, rock falls and debris flows have occurred during periods between eruptions. A future eruption of the Tianchi volcano is likely to involve explosive interaction between magma and the caldera lake. The volume of erupted magma is almost in a range of 0.1-0.5 km3. Tephra fallout may damage agriculture in a large area near the volcano. If only 1% of the lake water were ejected during an eruption and then precipitated over an area of 200 km2, the average rainfall would be 100 mm. Moreover, lahars are likely to occur as both tephra and water ejected from the caldera lake fall onto flanks of the volcano. Rocks avalanching into the caldera lake also would bring about grave hazards because seiches would be triggered and lake water with the volume equal to that of the landslide would spill out of the existing breach in the caldera and cause flooding downstream.展开更多
Several clinical trials have demonstrated the potent antiviral efficacy of entecavir (ETV), and this relatively new nucleoside analogue drug has rapidly become a frequently prescribed therapy for chronic hepatitis B (...Several clinical trials have demonstrated the potent antiviral efficacy of entecavir (ETV), and this relatively new nucleoside analogue drug has rapidly become a frequently prescribed therapy for chronic hepatitis B (CHB) worldwide. While the studies have also shown a good overall safety profile for ETV, adverse drug reactions (ADRs) in patients with advanced cirrhosis have been reported and represent a broad spectrum of drug-induced injuries, including lactic acidosis, myalgia, neuropathy, azotemia, hypophosphatemia, muscular weakness, and pancreatitis, as well as immune-mediated responses (i.e., allergic reactions). Cutaneous ADRs associated with ETV are very rare, with only two case reports in the publicly available literature; both of these cases were classified as unspecified hypersensitivity allergic (type I) ADR, but neither were reported as pathologically proven or as evaluated by cytokine release analysis. Here, we report the case of a 45-year-old woman who presented with a generalized maculopapular rash after one week of ETV treatment for lamivudine-resistant CHB. The patient reported having experienced a similar skin eruption during a previous three-month regimen of ETV, for which she had self-discontinued the medication. Histopathological analysis of a skin biopsy showed acanthotic epidermis with focal parakeratosis and a perivascular lymphocytic infiltrate admixed with interstitial eosinophils in the papillary and reticular dermis, consistent with a diagnosis of drug sensitivity. A lymphocyte stimulation test showed significantly enhanced IL-4, indicating a classification of type IVb delayed hypersensitivity. The patient was switched to an adefovir-lamivudine combination regimen and the skin eruption resolved two weeks after the ETV withdrawal. This case represents the first pathologically and immunologically evidenced ETV-induced delayed type hypersensitivity skin reaction reported to date. Physicians should be aware of the potential, although rare, for cutaneous ADRs associated with ETV treatment.展开更多
Based on the transmitting theory of "smoke ring effect", the transient electromagnetism technique was used in coal mines to detect abnormal areas of aquiferous structures in both roofs and floors of coal sea...Based on the transmitting theory of "smoke ring effect", the transient electromagnetism technique was used in coal mines to detect abnormal areas of aquiferous structures in both roofs and floors of coal seams and in front of excavated roadways. Survey devices, working methods and techniques as well as data processing and interpretation are discussed systematically. In addition, the direction of mini-wireframe emission electromagnetic wave of the full space transient electromagnetism technique was verified by an underground borehole for water detection and drainage. The result indicates that this technique can detect both horizontal and vertical development rules of abnormal water bodies to a certain depth below the floor of coal seams and can also detect the abnormal, low resistance water bodies within a certain distance of roofs. Furthermore, it can detect such abnormal bodies in ahead of the excavated roadway front. Limited by the underground environment, the full space transient electromagnetism technique can detect to a depth of only 120 m or so.展开更多
An undersea volcano at Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai(HTHH)near the South Pacific island nation of Tonga,erupted violently on 15 January 2022.Potential climate impact of the HTHH volcanic eruption is of great concern t...An undersea volcano at Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai(HTHH)near the South Pacific island nation of Tonga,erupted violently on 15 January 2022.Potential climate impact of the HTHH volcanic eruption is of great concern to the public;here,we intend to size up the impact of the HTHH eruption from a historical perspective.The influence of historical volcanic eruptions on the global climate are firstly reviewed,which are thought to have contributed to decreased surface temperature,increased stratospheric temperature,suppressed global water cycle,weakened monsoon circulation and El Niño-like sea surface temperature.Our understanding of the impacts of past volcanic eruptions on global-scale climate provides potential implication to evaluate the impact of the HTHH eruption.Based on historical simulations,we estimate that the current HTHH eruption with an intensity of 0.4 Tg SO_(2)injection will decrease the global mean surface temperature by only 0.004℃in the first year after eruption,which is within the amplitude of internal variability at the interannual time scale and thus not strong enough to have significant impacts on the global climate.展开更多
The role of third molars in the oral cavity has been extensively studied over the years. Literature includes numerous diagnostic and treatment alternatives regarding the third molars. However, an issue that has not be...The role of third molars in the oral cavity has been extensively studied over the years. Literature includes numerous diagnostic and treatment alternatives regarding the third molars. However, an issue that has not been discussed at the same level is their involvement in orthodontic therapy. The aim of this study is to present a review of the contemporary literature regarding the most broadly discussed aspects of the multifactorial role of third molars in orthodontics and which are of general dental interest too.展开更多
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.41972313 and 41790453)the Engineering Research Center of Geothermal Resources Development Technology and Equipment,Ministry of Education,Jilin University。
文摘The 7 ka old Qixiangzhan lava flow(QXZ,Tianchi volcano)represents the last eruptive event before the 946 CE,caldera-forming‘Millennium’eruption(ME).Petrographic,whole rock,mineral composition,Sr-Nd isotopic data on QXZ show that:(a)the lava consists of two components,constituted by comenditic obsidian fragments immersed in a continuous,aphanitic component;(b)both components have the same geochemical and isotopic variations of the ME magma.The QXZ and ME comendites result from fractional crystallization and crustal assimilation processes.The temperature of the QXZ magma was about 790℃ and the depth of the magma reservoir around 7 km,the same values as estimated for ME.QXZ had a viscosity of 10^(5.5)-10^(9) Pa s and a velocity of 3-10 km/yr.The emplacement time was 0.5-1.6yr and the flow rate 0.48-1.50 m^(3)/s.These values lie within the range estimated for other rhyolitic flows worldwide.The QXZ lava originated through a mixed explosive-effusive activity with the obsidian resulting from the ascent of undercooling,degassing and the fragmentation of magma along the conduit walls,whereas the aphanitic component testifies to the less undercooled and segregated flow at the center of the conduit.The QXZ lava demonstrates the extensive history of the ME magma chamber.
基金the Funds of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC),grant numbers 42174211,42230207,and U2039205.
文摘In this study,ionosonde observations over Fuke(19.5°N,109.1°E),Wuhan(30.5°N,114.4°E),and Mohe(53.5°N,122.3°E)were analyzed to demonstrate the responses of the sporadic E()to the severe atmospheric disturbances caused by the Tonga volcanic eruptions on January 15,2022.The most prominent signature was the disappearance of the layer after~10:00 UT over Wuhan and Fuke,which was attributed to the vertical drift caused by the eruptions.The occurred intermittently after 13:00 UT following the arrival of the tropospheric Lamb wave.To examine the causal mechanism for the intermittence,we also included data of horizontal winds in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere region recorded by the meteor radars at Wuhan and Mohe in this study.The wind disturbances with periods of~20 hours contributed to the formation of the layer in the nighttime on January 15.
基金Supported by The Xuzhou Medical University Affiliated Hospital Development Fund Support Project,No.XYFM202457the 521 Scientific Research Project of Lianyungang City,No.LYG 06521202362.
文摘BACKGROUND This study analyzed the dental follicle and alveolar bone of two patients with tooth eruption disorders,aiming to provide some reference for exploring the etiology and selecting treatment plans of this disease from the perspective of the influence of extracellular matrix on osteoclasts differentiation in dental follicle.CASE SUMMARY Collect dental follicle and alveolar bone tissue from one patient with single tooth eruption disorder and one patient with full permanent tooth eruption disorder,respectively.Simultaneously collect the dental follicle and alveolar bone tissue of obstructed teeth that need to be extracted due to orthodontic treatment as the control group.Hematoxylin and eosin(HE)staining was used to observe the morphology of dental follicle cells.Immunohistochemical staining was used to observe the expression of periostin,receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand(RANKL),and osteoprotegerin(OPG)protein in dental follicle and alveolar bone tissue.And observe the eruption of teeth after removing resistance from the crown of the permanent tooth germ.CONCLUSION HE staining of two cases of dental follicle tissues showed that the volume of dental follicle cells decreased,the nuclei were condensed,and there seemed to be cellular fibrosis.The immunohistochemical staining showed that both the dental follicle and alveolar bone tissue exhibited increased expression of periostin,decreased expression of RANKL and OPG proteins,and decreased RANKL/OPG ratio.After removing resistance,the permanent tooth germ often appears to have normal eruption.Tooth eruption disorders may be accompanied by abnormal remodeling of periostin,which affects the differentiation function of osteoclasts in the dental follicle and leads to metabolic imbalance of alveolar bone,resulting in tooth eruption disorders.Whether it is a single or full permanent tooth eruption disorder,once the coronal resistance is removed,the teeth can often erupt normally.
基金funded by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation(agreement No.075-15-2022-1127 dated July 1,2022).
文摘The paper considers a catastrophic event-the eruption of Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha’apai volcano on January 15,2022.The process of preparation and eruption of Hunga Tonga volcano generated tsunami waves that were observed throughout the World Ocean.This event was notable for its unprecedented global impact and the early appearance of tsunami waves at distant coastal stations.So,the first waves at tide gauge stations in Chile and Peru were recorded 4 hours earlier than the arrival time of tsunami waves to the tide gauge after the eruption of Tonga volcano.Two mechanisms are possible for the generation of early tsunami waves:acoustic Lamb waves generated by a volcanic explosion and submarine landslides that occurred on the slopes of the volcano during the preparatory phase of the eruption.In this study,numerical simulation of various pre-eruption landslide scenarios on the slope of Hunga Tonga volcano is carried out in an attempt to explain these early tsunami waves.Under computation the elastoplastic model of landslide was taken into account.Wave characteristics of a tsunami on the coast of Chile and Peru generated by a landslide process on a volcanic slope are obtained.A detailed comparison of virtual tide gauge data with observational ones is used to validate this model.The results obtained can be used to improve early warning systems.
基金supported by the project of the China Geological Survey(DD20221661).
文摘The black shales of Wufeng and Longmaxi Formation(Late Ordovician-Early Silurian period)in Sichuan Basin are the main strata for marine shale gas exploration,which have a yearly shale gas production of 228×10^(8)m^(3)and cumulative shale gas production of 919×10^(8)m^(3).According to the lithological and biological features,filling sequences,sedimentary structures and lab analysis,the authors divided the Wufeng/Guanyinqiao and Longmaxi Formations into shore,tidal flat,shoal,shallow water shelf and deep water shelf facies,and confirmed that a shallow water deposition between the two sets of shales.Although both Formations contain similar shales,their formation mechanisms differ.During the deposition of Wufeng shale,influenced by the Caledonian Movement,the Central Sichuan and Guizhou Uplifts led to the transformation of the Sichuan Basin into a back-bulge basin.Coinstantaneous volcanic activity provided significant nutrients,contributing to the deposition of Wufeng Formation black shales.In contrast,during the deposition of Longmaxi shale,collisions caused basement subsidence,melting glaciers raised sea levels,and renewed volcanic activity provided additional nutrients,leading to Longmaxi Formation black shale accumulation.Considering the basic sedimentary geology and shale gas characteristics,areas such as Suijiang-Leibo-Daguan,Luzhou-Zigong,Weirong-Yongchuan,and Nanchuan-Dingshan are identified as key prospects for future shale gas exploration in the Wufeng-Longmaxi Formations.
基金This work has been supported by National Key R&D Program of China No.2022YFF0503804.
文摘The Solar Close Observations and Proximity Experiments(SCOPE)mission,which has been proposed by the Yunnan Observatories,Chinese Academy of Sciences,aiming to operate at a distance of 5 to 10 solar radii from the Sun,plans to complete the in situ detection of the solar eruption process and observation of the magnetic field structure response.The solar flux received by the satellite ranges from 10^(3) to 10^(6) Wm^(-2),which poses challenges for thermal management of the solar arrays.In this work,the solar array cooling system of the Parker Solar Probe is discussed,the developments of the fluid loop technique are reviewed,and a research plan for a next-generation solar array cooling system is proposed.This paper provides a valuable reference for novel thermal control systems in spacecraft for solar observation.
基金jointly supported by the Open Fund of State Key Laboratory of Shale Oil and Gas Enrichment Mechanisms and Effective Developmentthe Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province(Grant No.24NSFSC4125)。
文摘1.Objective The Emeishan basalts is located in southwest China and northern Vietnam,covering an area of 2.5×10^(5) km^(2)(Zhong YT et al.,2014),which is the first widely recognized large igneous province(LIP)in China(Zhang ZS,2009).The Emeishan LIP has attracted a numbers of scholars for the reason that the LIP may play a significant role in the evolution of environment and climate.Yang JH et al.,(2018)pointed out that the weathering of the Emeishan basalts consumed carbon dioxide and caused a decrease in the climate of the early Wuchiapingian.However,the duration and termination of the Emeishan basalts eruption remain in doubt.This paper reports a new discovery of tuffaceous in the middle part of the Upper Permian Wujiaping Formation from the northern margin of the Sichuan Basin,applying of LA-ICP-MS to obtain zircon U-Pb ages of tuffaceous and to constrain the lasted eruption timing of Emeishan LIP.
基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2020YFA0608803)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.41975107,41875092 and 42005020).
文摘To explain the recent three-year La Niña event from 2020 to 2022,which has caused catastrophic weather events worldwide,Fasullo et al.(2023)demonstrated that the increase in biomass aerosol resulting from the 2019-20 Australian wildfire season could have triggered this multi-year La Niña.Here,we present compelling evidence from paleo-proxies,utilizing a substantial sample size of 26 volcanic eruptions in the Southern Hemisphere(SH),to support the hypothesis that ocean cooling in the SH can lead to a multi-year La Niña event.This research highlights the importance of focusing on the Southern Ocean,as current climate models struggle to accurately simulate the Pacific response driven by the Southern Ocean.
文摘BACKGROUND Xanthomatosis,a metabolic disorder causing yellow growths(xanthomas),poses challenges in lipid metabolism.This case study introduces the first documented instance within China's Yi population,emphasizing the need to explore dietary habits and treatment strategies tailored to this specific community.CASE SUMMARY Xanthomatosis is a metabolic disorder where lipid metabolism goes awry,resulting in the development of yellowish growths called xanthomas.A male patient,47 years of age,from China's Yi population,who is obese,visited our dermatology clinic complaining of widespread,non-painful rashes that have been present for two weeks.The patient works as a chef and has a diet that frequently includes oily and greasy foods.This case represents the initial documentation of xanthomatosis within the Yi population in China,offering a theoretical foundation for understanding dietary patterns and treatment options specific to the Yi community.CONCLUSION The first report of xanthomatosis in the Yi population in China lays a theoretical foundation for understanding Yi dietary patterns and treatment.
文摘This paper formulates a set of three technologies that should deal with the greatest threat to mankind—climate change at the lowest cost.The main technology will be“Sunny Rain”.It considers technology to prevent eruptions of submarine volcanoes at shallow depths and technologies that provide scalable and impactful solutions to reduce carbon emissions across diverse industries as complementary technologies used to reduce cost.A list of submarine volcanoes at shallow depths that are likely to spew waterborne dust into the atmosphere has begun to be created.If the governments of Japan,Italy,and Greece,which have submarine volcanoes at shallow depths(Kiki,Marsili,Columbo),prevent eruptions of these volcanoes,it will provide electricity to these countries,save many of their citizens from death,and save humanity from the greatest threat—climate change—in the most inexpensive way possible!
文摘Cutaneous larva migrans (CLM) is a zoonotic hookworm infection of dogs and cats commonly found in low-income countries in the tropical and subtropical regions and travellers to these regions. It is caused by invasion of the skin by the parasitic larvae of hookworms which, after entry, move under the skin causing an inflammatory reaction resulting in a single or multiple tracks. Patients commonly present with a progressive, itchy, erythematous serpiginous skin rash, affecting the feet, although it can affect any other parts of the body. The diagnosis is mainly clinical, based on history and physical examination. Treatment of this condition can effectively be achieved with either albendazole or ivermectin. We present a case of a 7-year-old boy who was diagnosed with CLM after presenting to the hospital with a history of a progressive itchy rash with tracks on the left foot. Although CLM is a self-limiting disease, it causes a lot of suffering and, therefore, it is of public concern. There is a need to increase awareness of this disease among health workers, and to implement and promote preventive measures against the disease since the cause is known.
文摘The Tonga submarine event refers to the volcanic eruption near the Tonga islands in the South Pacific Ocean, which produced a large plume possibly reaching the stratosphere and mesosphere. This interaction between volcanic activity and atmospheric layers can impact global climate. Identifying fundamental causes from atmospheric layers will help answer broader weather-related questions. El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is a natural climate pattern involving the warming and cooling of ocean waters in the equatorial Pacific, significantly affecting global weather patterns. Both events are compared with worldwide climate anomalies observed in the past three years. The results highlight that natural hazard anomalies cannot be solely explained by volcanic eruptions or ENSO variations.
基金supported by the Jeju World Heritage Office of Jeju Special Self-Governing Province.
文摘Jeju Island,Korea,was formed through volcanic activity from approximately 1.8 million to 1,000 years ago.The island was designated a Global Geopark in 2010 in recognition of its diverse geoheritage.As part of a special edition for the International Geological Congress 2024,this article shares the latest scholarship on Jeju’s volcanic geoheritage sites to enhance public understanding of the island’s geoheritage as earlier misconceptions continue to spread through books,websites,and information boards,etc.Despite long being interpreted as a typical shield volcano,for example,Mt.Hallasan has been recategorized as a polygenetic and composite volcano that formed through Strombolian eruptions,lava effusions,and magma intrusions from 200,000 to 17,000 years ago.Moreover,although once interpreted as a single scoria cone that formed a thousand years ago,Biyangdo Island(Biyangbong)formed through subaerial volcanic eruptions 26,000 years ago that produced both a scoria cone and a spatter cone.This research is presented with the latest research on other volcano-related Jeju Island Global Geopark geosites,including Suwolbong Tuff Cone and Seongsan Ilchulbong Tuff Ring.Alongside regular research and monitoring,public awareness is essential to ensure sustainable protection due to increasing rockfalls caused by rising sea levels at coastal geosites and climate changeexacerbated freeze-thaw weathering at inland sites on Mt.Hallasan.
基金UD would like to thank the Department of Science and TechnologyGovernment of India for funding through INSPIRE-FACULTY award(DST/INSPIRE/04/2016/001582)NM is thankful to Department of Science and Technology,Government of India for J.C.Bose Fellowship award.
文摘In Earth’s mantle,gravity instabilities initiated by density inversion lead to upwelling of hot materials as plumes.This study focuses upon the ascent dynamics of plumes to provide an explanation of the periodic multiple eruption events in large igneous provinces(LIP)and hotspots.We demonstrate that depending on physical conditions,plumes can either ascend in a continuous process with a single,large head trailing into a long slender tail,or alternatively,they ascend in a pulsating fashion producing multiple inaxis heads.Based on the Volume of Fluid(VOF)method,we performed computational fluid dynamics(CFD)simulations to constrain the thermo-mechanical conditions that decide the continuous versus pulsating dynamics.The simulations suggest the density(ρ^(*))and the viscosity(R)ratios of the ambient to the plume and the influx rates(Re)are the prime factors in controlling the ascent dynamics.The simulations could also predict thermal events near the surface causing eruption periodically as pulses.The pulsating plume model explains the multiple eruption events in different LIPs and our simulation results predict that variation in the temperature of the source layer can cause a range of timescale for this periodicity.
基金The research was funded by the Natural Science Foundation of China(40172033)and the state volcano program of the tenth Five-Year Plan period(2001BA601B06-01-4).
文摘Since the eruption of the Tianchi volcano about 1000 years ago, there have been at least 3 to 5 eruptions of small to moderate size. In addition, hazardous avalanches, rock falls and debris flows have occurred during periods between eruptions. A future eruption of the Tianchi volcano is likely to involve explosive interaction between magma and the caldera lake. The volume of erupted magma is almost in a range of 0.1-0.5 km3. Tephra fallout may damage agriculture in a large area near the volcano. If only 1% of the lake water were ejected during an eruption and then precipitated over an area of 200 km2, the average rainfall would be 100 mm. Moreover, lahars are likely to occur as both tephra and water ejected from the caldera lake fall onto flanks of the volcano. Rocks avalanching into the caldera lake also would bring about grave hazards because seiches would be triggered and lake water with the volume equal to that of the landslide would spill out of the existing breach in the caldera and cause flooding downstream.
基金Supported by grant from the Chungbuk National University Hospital(2013)
文摘Several clinical trials have demonstrated the potent antiviral efficacy of entecavir (ETV), and this relatively new nucleoside analogue drug has rapidly become a frequently prescribed therapy for chronic hepatitis B (CHB) worldwide. While the studies have also shown a good overall safety profile for ETV, adverse drug reactions (ADRs) in patients with advanced cirrhosis have been reported and represent a broad spectrum of drug-induced injuries, including lactic acidosis, myalgia, neuropathy, azotemia, hypophosphatemia, muscular weakness, and pancreatitis, as well as immune-mediated responses (i.e., allergic reactions). Cutaneous ADRs associated with ETV are very rare, with only two case reports in the publicly available literature; both of these cases were classified as unspecified hypersensitivity allergic (type I) ADR, but neither were reported as pathologically proven or as evaluated by cytokine release analysis. Here, we report the case of a 45-year-old woman who presented with a generalized maculopapular rash after one week of ETV treatment for lamivudine-resistant CHB. The patient reported having experienced a similar skin eruption during a previous three-month regimen of ETV, for which she had self-discontinued the medication. Histopathological analysis of a skin biopsy showed acanthotic epidermis with focal parakeratosis and a perivascular lymphocytic infiltrate admixed with interstitial eosinophils in the papillary and reticular dermis, consistent with a diagnosis of drug sensitivity. A lymphocyte stimulation test showed significantly enhanced IL-4, indicating a classification of type IVb delayed hypersensitivity. The patient was switched to an adefovir-lamivudine combination regimen and the skin eruption resolved two weeks after the ETV withdrawal. This case represents the first pathologically and immunologically evidenced ETV-induced delayed type hypersensitivity skin reaction reported to date. Physicians should be aware of the potential, although rare, for cutaneous ADRs associated with ETV treatment.
文摘Based on the transmitting theory of "smoke ring effect", the transient electromagnetism technique was used in coal mines to detect abnormal areas of aquiferous structures in both roofs and floors of coal seams and in front of excavated roadways. Survey devices, working methods and techniques as well as data processing and interpretation are discussed systematically. In addition, the direction of mini-wireframe emission electromagnetic wave of the full space transient electromagnetism technique was verified by an underground borehole for water detection and drainage. The result indicates that this technique can detect both horizontal and vertical development rules of abnormal water bodies to a certain depth below the floor of coal seams and can also detect the abnormal, low resistance water bodies within a certain distance of roofs. Furthermore, it can detect such abnormal bodies in ahead of the excavated roadway front. Limited by the underground environment, the full space transient electromagnetism technique can detect to a depth of only 120 m or so.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.41988101,,42105047).
文摘An undersea volcano at Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai(HTHH)near the South Pacific island nation of Tonga,erupted violently on 15 January 2022.Potential climate impact of the HTHH volcanic eruption is of great concern to the public;here,we intend to size up the impact of the HTHH eruption from a historical perspective.The influence of historical volcanic eruptions on the global climate are firstly reviewed,which are thought to have contributed to decreased surface temperature,increased stratospheric temperature,suppressed global water cycle,weakened monsoon circulation and El Niño-like sea surface temperature.Our understanding of the impacts of past volcanic eruptions on global-scale climate provides potential implication to evaluate the impact of the HTHH eruption.Based on historical simulations,we estimate that the current HTHH eruption with an intensity of 0.4 Tg SO_(2)injection will decrease the global mean surface temperature by only 0.004℃in the first year after eruption,which is within the amplitude of internal variability at the interannual time scale and thus not strong enough to have significant impacts on the global climate.
文摘The role of third molars in the oral cavity has been extensively studied over the years. Literature includes numerous diagnostic and treatment alternatives regarding the third molars. However, an issue that has not been discussed at the same level is their involvement in orthodontic therapy. The aim of this study is to present a review of the contemporary literature regarding the most broadly discussed aspects of the multifactorial role of third molars in orthodontics and which are of general dental interest too.
