Quantum secret sharing（QSS） is a procedure of sharing classical information or quantum information by using quantum states. This paper presents how to use a [2k- 1, 1, k] quantum error-correcting code （QECC） to im...Quantum secret sharing（QSS） is a procedure of sharing classical information or quantum information by using quantum states. This paper presents how to use a [2k- 1, 1, k] quantum error-correcting code （QECC） to implement a quantum （k, 2k-1） threshold scheme. It also takes advantage of classical enhancement of the [2k-1, 1, k] QECC to establish a QSS scheme which can share classical information and quantum information simultaneously. Because information is encoded into QECC, these schemes can prevent intercept-resend attacks and be implemented on some noisy channels.展开更多
This paper points out that with interference from their native language and culture, Chinese students will inevitably make some errors in the process of learning English. It is important for teachers to know when and ...This paper points out that with interference from their native language and culture, Chinese students will inevitably make some errors in the process of learning English. It is important for teachers to know when and how to correct the students’ errors. By employing error-correction skillfully and appropriately, one can expect to improve the present English teaching and learning, to develop the self-confidence and self-esteem in students themselves.展开更多
Stereolithographic(STL)files have been extensively used in rapid prototyping industries as well as many other fields as watermarking algorithms to secure intellectual property and protect three-dimensional models from...Stereolithographic(STL)files have been extensively used in rapid prototyping industries as well as many other fields as watermarking algorithms to secure intellectual property and protect three-dimensional models from theft.However,to the best of our knowledge,few studies have looked at how watermarking can resist attacks that involve vertex-reordering.Here,we present a lossless and robust watermarking scheme for STL files to protect against vertexreordering attacks.Specifically,we designed a novel error-correcting code(ECC)that can correct the error of any one-bit in a bitstream by inserting several check digits.In addition,ECC is designed to make use of redundant information according to the characteristics of STL files,which introduces further robustness for defense against attacks.No modifications are made to the geometric information of the three-dimensional model,which respects the requirements of a highprecision model.The experimental results show that the proposed watermarking scheme can survive numerous kinds of attack,including rotation,scaling and translation(RST),facet reordering,and vertex-reordering attacks.展开更多
In this paper, the cyclic code of the classic circuit is transformed and transplanted; then, the quantum encoding scheme based on cyclic code and quantum error-correction circuit is constructed. The proposed circuit c...In this paper, the cyclic code of the classic circuit is transformed and transplanted; then, the quantum encoding scheme based on cyclic code and quantum error-correction circuit is constructed. The proposed circuit can correct one-bit error, and the use of redundant bits to encode more than one-bit quantum information breaks the previous limitations of many bits encoding a quantum bit. Compared with the existing coding circuits （Shor code, Steane code and five stable subcode）, it shows obvious superiority in the quantum coding efficiency and transmission efficiency.展开更多
This paper proved the statement that a good linear block encoder is in fact a good local-random sequence generator. Furthermore, this statement discovers the deep relationship between the error-correcting coding theor...This paper proved the statement that a good linear block encoder is in fact a good local-random sequence generator. Furthermore, this statement discovers the deep relationship between the error-correcting coding theory and the modern cryptography.展开更多
This paper demonstrates how channel coding can improve the robustness of spatial image watermarks against signal distortion caused by lossy data compression such as the JPEG scheme by taking advantage of the propertie...This paper demonstrates how channel coding can improve the robustness of spatial image watermarks against signal distortion caused by lossy data compression such as the JPEG scheme by taking advantage of the properties of Gray code. Two error-correction coding (ECC) schemes are used here: One scheme, referred to as the vertical ECC (VECC), is to encode information bits in a pixel by error-correction coding where the Gray code is used to improve the performance. The other scheme, referred to as the horizontal ECC (HECC), is to encode information bits in an image plane. In watermarking, HECC generates a codeword representing watermark bits, and each bit of the codeword is encoded by VECC. Simple single-error-correcting block codes are used in VECC and HECC. Several experiments of these schemes were conducted on test images. The result demonstrates that the error-correcting performance of HECC just depends on that of VECC, and accordingly, HECC enhances the capability of VECC. Consequently, HECC with appropriate codes can achieve stronger robustness to JPEG—caused distortions than non-channel-coding watermarking schemes.展开更多
In this paper, error-correction coding (ECC) in Gray codes is considered and its performance in the protecting of spatial image watermarks against lossy data compression is demonstrated. For this purpose, the differen...In this paper, error-correction coding (ECC) in Gray codes is considered and its performance in the protecting of spatial image watermarks against lossy data compression is demonstrated. For this purpose, the differences between bit patterns of two Gray codewords are analyzed in detail. On the basis of the properties, a method for encoding watermark bits in the Gray codewords that represent signal levels by a single-error-correcting (SEC) code is developed, which is referred to as the Gray-ECC method in this paper. The two codewords of the SEC code corresponding to respective watermark bits are determined so as to minimize the expected amount of distortion caused by the watermark embedding. The stochastic analyses show that an error-correcting capacity of the Gray-ECC method is superior to that of the ECC in natural binary codes for changes in signal codewords. Experiments of the Gray-ECC method were conducted on 8-bit monochrome images to evaluate both the features of watermarked images and the performance of robustness for image distortion resulting from the JPEG DCT-baseline coding scheme. The results demonstrate that, compared with a conventional averaging-based method, the Gray-ECC method yields watermarked images with less amount of signal distortion and also makes the watermark comparably robust for lossy data compression.展开更多
In this paper, a planning algorithm for multi path/multi layer circular locus is poposed. The algorithm is applied to weld the nipples on the header of boiler. Multi path/multi layer circular locus is planned acco...In this paper, a planning algorithm for multi path/multi layer circular locus is poposed. The algorithm is applied to weld the nipples on the header of boiler. Multi path/multi layer circular locus is planned according to three teaching points, which is lapped head on end to satisfy the requirement of technology. For the nipples wherever they are arranged radially or axially, even if there are errors caused by positioning and thermal deformations, providing that nipple's position and orientation relative to the teaching one can be measured, the multi path/multi layer circular locus can be planned without teaching any more. The algorithm has been applied in welding robot for manufacturing power station' boiler.展开更多
The concept of cointegration describes an equilibrium relationship among a set of time-varying variables, and the cointegrated relationship can be represented through an error-correction model (ECM). The error-correct...The concept of cointegration describes an equilibrium relationship among a set of time-varying variables, and the cointegrated relationship can be represented through an error-correction model (ECM). The error-correction variable, which represents the short-run discrepancy from the equilibrium state in a cointegrated system, plays an important role in the ECM. It is natural to ask how the error-correction mechanism works, or equivalently, how the short-run discrepancy affects the development of the cointegrated system? This paper examines the effect or local influence on the error-correction variable in an error-correction model. Following the argument of the second-order approach to local influence suggested by reference [5], we develop a diagnostic statistic to examine the local influence on the estimation of the parameter associated with the error-correction variable in an ECM. An empirical example is presented to illustrate the application of the proposed diagnostic. We find that the short-run discre pancy may have strong influence on the estimation of the parameter associated with the error-correction model. It is the error-correction variable that the short-run discrepancies can be incorporated through the error-correction mechanism.展开更多
Error correction has long been suggested to extend the sensitivity of quantum sensors into the Heisenberg Limit. However, operations on logical qubits are only performed through universal gate sets consisting of finit...Error correction has long been suggested to extend the sensitivity of quantum sensors into the Heisenberg Limit. However, operations on logical qubits are only performed through universal gate sets consisting of finite-sized gates such as Clifford + T. Although these logical gate sets allow for universal quantum computation, the finite gate sizes present a problem for quantum sensing, since in sensing protocols, such as the Ramsey measurement protocol, the signal must act continuously. The difficulty in constructing a continuous logical op-erator comes from the Eastin-Knill theorem, which prevents a continuous sig-nal from being both fault-tolerant to local errors and transverse. Since error correction is needed to approach the Heisenberg Limit in a noisy environment, it is important to explore how to construct fault-tolerant continuous operators. In this paper, a protocol to design continuous logical z-rotations is proposed and applied to the Steane Code. The fault tolerance of the designed operator is investigated using the Knill-Laflamme conditions. The Knill-Laflamme condi-tions indicate that the diagonal unitary operator constructed cannot be fault tolerant solely due to the possibilities of X errors on the middle qubit. The ap-proach demonstrated throughout this paper may, however, find success in codes with more qubits such as the Shor code, distance 3 surface code, [15, 1, 3] code, or codes with a larger distance such as the [11, 1, 5] code.展开更多
水库调度规则是指导水库运行、促进水资源高效利用的重要工具。目前水库调度规则提取方法研究中很少考虑泥沙因素。三峡水库汛期入库泥沙占全年来沙量的90.5%以上,如不考虑进出库泥沙对水库调度的影响,直接将现有方法应用于三峡水库汛...水库调度规则是指导水库运行、促进水资源高效利用的重要工具。目前水库调度规则提取方法研究中很少考虑泥沙因素。三峡水库汛期入库泥沙占全年来沙量的90.5%以上,如不考虑进出库泥沙对水库调度的影响,直接将现有方法应用于三峡水库汛期调度规则提取,其结果难以全面反映汛期三峡水库对干支流来水来沙的调度响应过程。因此,将泥沙因素引入到三峡水库汛期调度规则提取中,以三峡水库汛期历史运行数据和进出库泥沙数据为样本,采用时段末坝前水位和时段平均出库输沙率为联合决策变量,同时考虑长江上游干支流来水来沙及其时滞效应对水库调度的影响,提出一种基于深度学习的水库调度规则提取方法。该方法首先建立RF-LSTM模型,该模型通过随机森林(random forest,RF)算法筛选出对决策变量影响较大的决策因子,并将这些因子作为长短时记忆(long short term memory,LSTM)神经网络的输入变量,进一步识别出决策因子与决策变量之间的映射关系,以实现对水库调度规则的提取与模拟;然后采用自回归方法对模拟精度较差的结果进行误差校正,最后将该方法应用于三峡水库汛期调度规则提取,结果表明:与LSTM模型相比,RF-LSTM模型能有效捕获对决策变量影响较大的决策因子,且具有更高模拟精度及稳定性,其验证期时段末坝前水位和时段平均出库输沙率的NSE值分别为0.995和0.891,分别提高1.7%和1.0%;误差校正后,时段平均出库输沙率的NSE值增至0.944,提高5.6%,模拟精度显著提高。研究结果可为三峡水库汛期调度规则提取提供参考。展开更多
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 61072071)
文摘Quantum secret sharing（QSS） is a procedure of sharing classical information or quantum information by using quantum states. This paper presents how to use a [2k- 1, 1, k] quantum error-correcting code （QECC） to implement a quantum （k, 2k-1） threshold scheme. It also takes advantage of classical enhancement of the [2k-1, 1, k] QECC to establish a QSS scheme which can share classical information and quantum information simultaneously. Because information is encoded into QECC, these schemes can prevent intercept-resend attacks and be implemented on some noisy channels.
文摘This paper points out that with interference from their native language and culture, Chinese students will inevitably make some errors in the process of learning English. It is important for teachers to know when and how to correct the students’ errors. By employing error-correction skillfully and appropriately, one can expect to improve the present English teaching and learning, to develop the self-confidence and self-esteem in students themselves.
基金This work was supported in part by the National Science Foundation of China(No.61772539,6187212,61972405),STITSX(No.201705D131025),1331KITSX,and CiCi3D.
文摘Stereolithographic(STL)files have been extensively used in rapid prototyping industries as well as many other fields as watermarking algorithms to secure intellectual property and protect three-dimensional models from theft.However,to the best of our knowledge,few studies have looked at how watermarking can resist attacks that involve vertex-reordering.Here,we present a lossless and robust watermarking scheme for STL files to protect against vertexreordering attacks.Specifically,we designed a novel error-correcting code(ECC)that can correct the error of any one-bit in a bitstream by inserting several check digits.In addition,ECC is designed to make use of redundant information according to the characteristics of STL files,which introduces further robustness for defense against attacks.No modifications are made to the geometric information of the three-dimensional model,which respects the requirements of a highprecision model.The experimental results show that the proposed watermarking scheme can survive numerous kinds of attack,including rotation,scaling and translation(RST),facet reordering,and vertex-reordering attacks.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (61271122)the Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province(1208085MF102)
文摘In this paper, the cyclic code of the classic circuit is transformed and transplanted; then, the quantum encoding scheme based on cyclic code and quantum error-correction circuit is constructed. The proposed circuit can correct one-bit error, and the use of redundant bits to encode more than one-bit quantum information breaks the previous limitations of many bits encoding a quantum bit. Compared with the existing coding circuits （Shor code, Steane code and five stable subcode）, it shows obvious superiority in the quantum coding efficiency and transmission efficiency.
基金Supported by Trans-century Training Program Foundation for the Talents by the State Education Commission
文摘This paper proved the statement that a good linear block encoder is in fact a good local-random sequence generator. Furthermore, this statement discovers the deep relationship between the error-correcting coding theory and the modern cryptography.
文摘This paper demonstrates how channel coding can improve the robustness of spatial image watermarks against signal distortion caused by lossy data compression such as the JPEG scheme by taking advantage of the properties of Gray code. Two error-correction coding (ECC) schemes are used here: One scheme, referred to as the vertical ECC (VECC), is to encode information bits in a pixel by error-correction coding where the Gray code is used to improve the performance. The other scheme, referred to as the horizontal ECC (HECC), is to encode information bits in an image plane. In watermarking, HECC generates a codeword representing watermark bits, and each bit of the codeword is encoded by VECC. Simple single-error-correcting block codes are used in VECC and HECC. Several experiments of these schemes were conducted on test images. The result demonstrates that the error-correcting performance of HECC just depends on that of VECC, and accordingly, HECC enhances the capability of VECC. Consequently, HECC with appropriate codes can achieve stronger robustness to JPEG—caused distortions than non-channel-coding watermarking schemes.
文摘In this paper, error-correction coding (ECC) in Gray codes is considered and its performance in the protecting of spatial image watermarks against lossy data compression is demonstrated. For this purpose, the differences between bit patterns of two Gray codewords are analyzed in detail. On the basis of the properties, a method for encoding watermark bits in the Gray codewords that represent signal levels by a single-error-correcting (SEC) code is developed, which is referred to as the Gray-ECC method in this paper. The two codewords of the SEC code corresponding to respective watermark bits are determined so as to minimize the expected amount of distortion caused by the watermark embedding. The stochastic analyses show that an error-correcting capacity of the Gray-ECC method is superior to that of the ECC in natural binary codes for changes in signal codewords. Experiments of the Gray-ECC method were conducted on 8-bit monochrome images to evaluate both the features of watermarked images and the performance of robustness for image distortion resulting from the JPEG DCT-baseline coding scheme. The results demonstrate that, compared with a conventional averaging-based method, the Gray-ECC method yields watermarked images with less amount of signal distortion and also makes the watermark comparably robust for lossy data compression.
文摘In this paper, a planning algorithm for multi path/multi layer circular locus is poposed. The algorithm is applied to weld the nipples on the header of boiler. Multi path/multi layer circular locus is planned according to three teaching points, which is lapped head on end to satisfy the requirement of technology. For the nipples wherever they are arranged radially or axially, even if there are errors caused by positioning and thermal deformations, providing that nipple's position and orientation relative to the teaching one can be measured, the multi path/multi layer circular locus can be planned without teaching any more. The algorithm has been applied in welding robot for manufacturing power station' boiler.
基金This project was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation (No. 79800012 and No. 79400014).
文摘The concept of cointegration describes an equilibrium relationship among a set of time-varying variables, and the cointegrated relationship can be represented through an error-correction model (ECM). The error-correction variable, which represents the short-run discrepancy from the equilibrium state in a cointegrated system, plays an important role in the ECM. It is natural to ask how the error-correction mechanism works, or equivalently, how the short-run discrepancy affects the development of the cointegrated system? This paper examines the effect or local influence on the error-correction variable in an error-correction model. Following the argument of the second-order approach to local influence suggested by reference [5], we develop a diagnostic statistic to examine the local influence on the estimation of the parameter associated with the error-correction variable in an ECM. An empirical example is presented to illustrate the application of the proposed diagnostic. We find that the short-run discre pancy may have strong influence on the estimation of the parameter associated with the error-correction model. It is the error-correction variable that the short-run discrepancies can be incorporated through the error-correction mechanism.
文摘Error correction has long been suggested to extend the sensitivity of quantum sensors into the Heisenberg Limit. However, operations on logical qubits are only performed through universal gate sets consisting of finite-sized gates such as Clifford + T. Although these logical gate sets allow for universal quantum computation, the finite gate sizes present a problem for quantum sensing, since in sensing protocols, such as the Ramsey measurement protocol, the signal must act continuously. The difficulty in constructing a continuous logical op-erator comes from the Eastin-Knill theorem, which prevents a continuous sig-nal from being both fault-tolerant to local errors and transverse. Since error correction is needed to approach the Heisenberg Limit in a noisy environment, it is important to explore how to construct fault-tolerant continuous operators. In this paper, a protocol to design continuous logical z-rotations is proposed and applied to the Steane Code. The fault tolerance of the designed operator is investigated using the Knill-Laflamme conditions. The Knill-Laflamme condi-tions indicate that the diagonal unitary operator constructed cannot be fault tolerant solely due to the possibilities of X errors on the middle qubit. The ap-proach demonstrated throughout this paper may, however, find success in codes with more qubits such as the Shor code, distance 3 surface code, [15, 1, 3] code, or codes with a larger distance such as the [11, 1, 5] code.
文摘水库调度规则是指导水库运行、促进水资源高效利用的重要工具。目前水库调度规则提取方法研究中很少考虑泥沙因素。三峡水库汛期入库泥沙占全年来沙量的90.5%以上,如不考虑进出库泥沙对水库调度的影响,直接将现有方法应用于三峡水库汛期调度规则提取,其结果难以全面反映汛期三峡水库对干支流来水来沙的调度响应过程。因此,将泥沙因素引入到三峡水库汛期调度规则提取中,以三峡水库汛期历史运行数据和进出库泥沙数据为样本,采用时段末坝前水位和时段平均出库输沙率为联合决策变量,同时考虑长江上游干支流来水来沙及其时滞效应对水库调度的影响,提出一种基于深度学习的水库调度规则提取方法。该方法首先建立RF-LSTM模型,该模型通过随机森林(random forest,RF)算法筛选出对决策变量影响较大的决策因子,并将这些因子作为长短时记忆(long short term memory,LSTM)神经网络的输入变量,进一步识别出决策因子与决策变量之间的映射关系,以实现对水库调度规则的提取与模拟;然后采用自回归方法对模拟精度较差的结果进行误差校正,最后将该方法应用于三峡水库汛期调度规则提取,结果表明:与LSTM模型相比,RF-LSTM模型能有效捕获对决策变量影响较大的决策因子,且具有更高模拟精度及稳定性,其验证期时段末坝前水位和时段平均出库输沙率的NSE值分别为0.995和0.891,分别提高1.7%和1.0%;误差校正后,时段平均出库输沙率的NSE值增至0.944,提高5.6%,模拟精度显著提高。研究结果可为三峡水库汛期调度规则提取提供参考。
