Performance of the Adaptive Coding and Modulation(ACM) strongly depends on the retrieved Channel State Information(CSI),which can be obtained using the channel estimation techniques relying on pilot symbol transmissio...Performance of the Adaptive Coding and Modulation(ACM) strongly depends on the retrieved Channel State Information(CSI),which can be obtained using the channel estimation techniques relying on pilot symbol transmission.Earlier analysis of methods of pilot-aided channel estimation for ACM systems were relatively little.In this paper,we investigate the performance of CSI prediction using the Minimum Mean Square Error(MMSE)channel estimator for an ACM system.To solve the two problems of MMSE:high computational operations and oversimplified assumption,we then propose the Low-Complexity schemes(LC-MMSE and Recursion LC-MMSE(R-LC-MMSE)).Computational complexity and Mean Square Error(MSE) are presented to evaluate the efficiency of the proposed algorithm.Both analysis and numerical results show that LC-MMSE performs close to the wellknown MMSE estimator with much lower complexity and R-LC-MMSE improves the application of MMSE estimation to specific circumstances.展开更多
The state of charge(SOC)estimation of lithium-ion battery is an important function in the battery management system(BMS)of electric vehicles.The long short term memory(LSTM)model can be employed for SOC estimation,whi...The state of charge(SOC)estimation of lithium-ion battery is an important function in the battery management system(BMS)of electric vehicles.The long short term memory(LSTM)model can be employed for SOC estimation,which is capable of estimating the future changing states of a nonlinear system.Since the BMS usually works under complicated operating conditions,i.e the real measurement data used for model training may be corrupted by non-Gaussian noise,and thus the performance of the original LSTM with the mean square error(MSE)loss may deteriorate.Therefore,a novel LSTM with mixture kernel mean p-power error(MKMPE)loss,called MKMPE-LSTM,is developed by using the MKMPE loss to replace the MSE as the learning criterion in LSTM framework,which can achieve robust SOC estimation under the measurement data contaminated with non-Gaussian noises(or outliers)because of the MKMPE containing the p-order moments of the error distribution.In addition,a meta-heuristic algorithm,called heap-based-optimizer(HBO),is employed to optimize the hyper-parameters(mainly including learning rate,number of hidden layer neuron and value of p in MKMPE)of the proposed MKMPE-LSTM model to further improve its flexibility and generalization performance,and a novel hybrid model(HBO-MKMPE-LSTM)is established for SOC estimation under non-Gaussian noise cases.Finally,several tests are performed under various cases through a benchmark to evaluate the performance of the proposed HBO-MKMPE-LSTM model,and the results demonstrate that the proposed hybrid method can provide a good robustness and accuracy under different non-Gaussian measurement noises,and the SOC estimation results in terms of mean square error(MSE),root MSE(RMSE),mean absolute relative error(MARE),and determination coefficient R2are less than 0.05%,3%,3%,and above 99.8%at 25℃,respectively.展开更多
Wavelet has rapid development in the current mathematics new areas. It also has a double meaning of theory and application. In signal and image compression, signal analysis, engineering technology has a wide range of ...Wavelet has rapid development in the current mathematics new areas. It also has a double meaning of theory and application. In signal and image compression, signal analysis, engineering technology has a wide range of applications. In this paper, we use wavelet method, for estimating the density function for censoring data. We evaluate the mean integrated squared error, convergence ratio of given estimator. Also, we obtain empirical distribution of given estimator and verify the conclusion by two simulation examples.展开更多
For the dislribulion if mean error under independent but not identicallydislribuled conditions. its approximating dislribution whose precision reachO is obtained.
In this paper, we propose a log-normal linear model whose errors are first-order correlated, and suggest a two-stage method for the efficient estimation of the conditional mean of the response variable at the original...In this paper, we propose a log-normal linear model whose errors are first-order correlated, and suggest a two-stage method for the efficient estimation of the conditional mean of the response variable at the original scale. We obtain two estimators which minimize the asymptotic mean squared error （MM） and the asymptotic bias （MB）, respectively. Both the estimators are very easy to implement, and simulation studies show that they are perform better.展开更多
For a system of two seerningly umrelated regressions.some general results of mean square er-ror matrix comparisons are presented.A class of linear estimators and a class of two-stage estimatorsbased on a generalized u...For a system of two seerningly umrelated regressions.some general results of mean square er-ror matrix comparisons are presented.A class of linear estimators and a class of two-stage estimatorsbased on a generalized unrestricted estimate of the dispersion matrix are proposed.Some exact finitesample properties of the two-stage estimators are obtained.展开更多
针对无人机跟踪过程中目标遮挡和目标背景变化等因素导致的跟踪失败现象,提出一种M TF(M ean-shift by TWH and FB-error)跟踪算法。首先,在M ean-shift跟踪框架下引入目标加权直方图(TWH:Target-Weighted Histogram)描述目标,即在跟踪...针对无人机跟踪过程中目标遮挡和目标背景变化等因素导致的跟踪失败现象,提出一种M TF(M ean-shift by TWH and FB-error)跟踪算法。首先,在M ean-shift跟踪框架下引入目标加权直方图(TWH:Target-Weighted Histogram)描述目标,即在跟踪过程中,用目标的局部背景来削弱所有区域的内部背景特征,使目标特征突出;其次,添加FB-error约束,在目标被部分遮挡时,通过使用FB-error相关加权函数把目标当前位置的预测结果与Mean-shift矢量计算出的位置结果联合起来估计目标在t时刻的最终位置。实验表明,此跟踪算法在跟踪精度上有较大突破。展开更多
Compared with the rank reduction estimator(RARE) based on second-order statistics(called SOS-RARE), the RARE based on fourth-order cumulants(referred to as FOC-RARE) can handle more sources and restrain the negative i...Compared with the rank reduction estimator(RARE) based on second-order statistics(called SOS-RARE), the RARE based on fourth-order cumulants(referred to as FOC-RARE) can handle more sources and restrain the negative impacts of the Gaussian colored noise. However, the unexpected modeling errors appearing in practice are known to significantly degrade the performance of the RARE. Therefore, the direction-of-arrival(DOA) estimation performance of the FOC-RARE is quantitatively derived. The explicit expression for direction-finding(DF) error is derived via the first-order perturbation analysis, and then the theoretical formula for the mean square error(MSE) is given. Simulation results demonstrate the validation of the theoretical analysis and reveal that the FOC-RARE is more robust to the unexpected modeling errors than the SOS-RARE.展开更多
平均光强分布是自由空间激光通信(Free Space Optical Communication,FSOC)性能分析中的一个重要参数,非零均值不等方差的跟踪误差场景下平均光强分布理论的封闭表达式尚未得出。采用统计平均的方法对非零均值不等方差跟踪误差下的平均...平均光强分布是自由空间激光通信(Free Space Optical Communication,FSOC)性能分析中的一个重要参数,非零均值不等方差的跟踪误差场景下平均光强分布理论的封闭表达式尚未得出。采用统计平均的方法对非零均值不等方差跟踪误差下的平均光强分布进行建模并推导出其理论的封闭表达式,通过蒙特卡洛模拟对所推导的结果进行验证。在非零均值不等方差跟踪误差的影响下,高斯光束的平均光强分布廓线的形状和中心位置均发生变化。此外,采用相同面积的方形接收孔径代替圆形接收孔径,推导出非零均值不等方差跟踪误差下的平均接收功率。该工作能为非零均值不等方差跟踪误差下的自由空间激光通信系统性能分析和链路设计提供理论指导。展开更多
基金supported by the 2011 China Aerospace Science and Technology Foundationthe Certain Ministry Foundation under Grant No.20212HK03010
文摘Performance of the Adaptive Coding and Modulation(ACM) strongly depends on the retrieved Channel State Information(CSI),which can be obtained using the channel estimation techniques relying on pilot symbol transmission.Earlier analysis of methods of pilot-aided channel estimation for ACM systems were relatively little.In this paper,we investigate the performance of CSI prediction using the Minimum Mean Square Error(MMSE)channel estimator for an ACM system.To solve the two problems of MMSE:high computational operations and oversimplified assumption,we then propose the Low-Complexity schemes(LC-MMSE and Recursion LC-MMSE(R-LC-MMSE)).Computational complexity and Mean Square Error(MSE) are presented to evaluate the efficiency of the proposed algorithm.Both analysis and numerical results show that LC-MMSE performs close to the wellknown MMSE estimator with much lower complexity and R-LC-MMSE improves the application of MMSE estimation to specific circumstances.
基金supported by the National Key R.D Program of China(2021YFB2401904)the Joint Fund project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U21A20485)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61976175)the Key Laboratory Project of Shaanxi Provincial Education Department Scientific Research Projects(20JS109)。
文摘The state of charge(SOC)estimation of lithium-ion battery is an important function in the battery management system(BMS)of electric vehicles.The long short term memory(LSTM)model can be employed for SOC estimation,which is capable of estimating the future changing states of a nonlinear system.Since the BMS usually works under complicated operating conditions,i.e the real measurement data used for model training may be corrupted by non-Gaussian noise,and thus the performance of the original LSTM with the mean square error(MSE)loss may deteriorate.Therefore,a novel LSTM with mixture kernel mean p-power error(MKMPE)loss,called MKMPE-LSTM,is developed by using the MKMPE loss to replace the MSE as the learning criterion in LSTM framework,which can achieve robust SOC estimation under the measurement data contaminated with non-Gaussian noises(or outliers)because of the MKMPE containing the p-order moments of the error distribution.In addition,a meta-heuristic algorithm,called heap-based-optimizer(HBO),is employed to optimize the hyper-parameters(mainly including learning rate,number of hidden layer neuron and value of p in MKMPE)of the proposed MKMPE-LSTM model to further improve its flexibility and generalization performance,and a novel hybrid model(HBO-MKMPE-LSTM)is established for SOC estimation under non-Gaussian noise cases.Finally,several tests are performed under various cases through a benchmark to evaluate the performance of the proposed HBO-MKMPE-LSTM model,and the results demonstrate that the proposed hybrid method can provide a good robustness and accuracy under different non-Gaussian measurement noises,and the SOC estimation results in terms of mean square error(MSE),root MSE(RMSE),mean absolute relative error(MARE),and determination coefficient R2are less than 0.05%,3%,3%,and above 99.8%at 25℃,respectively.
文摘Wavelet has rapid development in the current mathematics new areas. It also has a double meaning of theory and application. In signal and image compression, signal analysis, engineering technology has a wide range of applications. In this paper, we use wavelet method, for estimating the density function for censoring data. We evaluate the mean integrated squared error, convergence ratio of given estimator. Also, we obtain empirical distribution of given estimator and verify the conclusion by two simulation examples.
文摘For the dislribulion if mean error under independent but not identicallydislribuled conditions. its approximating dislribution whose precision reachO is obtained.
基金The NSF(11271155) of ChinaResearch Fund(20070183023) for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education
文摘In this paper, we propose a log-normal linear model whose errors are first-order correlated, and suggest a two-stage method for the efficient estimation of the conditional mean of the response variable at the original scale. We obtain two estimators which minimize the asymptotic mean squared error （MM） and the asymptotic bias （MB）, respectively. Both the estimators are very easy to implement, and simulation studies show that they are perform better.
基金Suppported in part by Henan Natural Setence Foundatron(004051300)
文摘For a system of two seerningly umrelated regressions.some general results of mean square er-ror matrix comparisons are presented.A class of linear estimators and a class of two-stage estimatorsbased on a generalized unrestricted estimate of the dispersion matrix are proposed.Some exact finitesample properties of the two-stage estimators are obtained.
文摘针对无人机跟踪过程中目标遮挡和目标背景变化等因素导致的跟踪失败现象,提出一种M TF(M ean-shift by TWH and FB-error)跟踪算法。首先,在M ean-shift跟踪框架下引入目标加权直方图(TWH:Target-Weighted Histogram)描述目标,即在跟踪过程中,用目标的局部背景来削弱所有区域的内部背景特征,使目标特征突出;其次,添加FB-error约束,在目标被部分遮挡时,通过使用FB-error相关加权函数把目标当前位置的预测结果与Mean-shift矢量计算出的位置结果联合起来估计目标在t时刻的最终位置。实验表明,此跟踪算法在跟踪精度上有较大突破。
基金Project(61201381) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(YP12JJ202057) supported by the Future Development Foundation of Zhengzhou Information Science and Technology College,China
文摘Compared with the rank reduction estimator(RARE) based on second-order statistics(called SOS-RARE), the RARE based on fourth-order cumulants(referred to as FOC-RARE) can handle more sources and restrain the negative impacts of the Gaussian colored noise. However, the unexpected modeling errors appearing in practice are known to significantly degrade the performance of the RARE. Therefore, the direction-of-arrival(DOA) estimation performance of the FOC-RARE is quantitatively derived. The explicit expression for direction-finding(DF) error is derived via the first-order perturbation analysis, and then the theoretical formula for the mean square error(MSE) is given. Simulation results demonstrate the validation of the theoretical analysis and reveal that the FOC-RARE is more robust to the unexpected modeling errors than the SOS-RARE.
文摘平均光强分布是自由空间激光通信(Free Space Optical Communication,FSOC)性能分析中的一个重要参数,非零均值不等方差的跟踪误差场景下平均光强分布理论的封闭表达式尚未得出。采用统计平均的方法对非零均值不等方差跟踪误差下的平均光强分布进行建模并推导出其理论的封闭表达式,通过蒙特卡洛模拟对所推导的结果进行验证。在非零均值不等方差跟踪误差的影响下,高斯光束的平均光强分布廓线的形状和中心位置均发生变化。此外,采用相同面积的方形接收孔径代替圆形接收孔径,推导出非零均值不等方差跟踪误差下的平均接收功率。该工作能为非零均值不等方差跟踪误差下的自由空间激光通信系统性能分析和链路设计提供理论指导。
