Apples are still manually harvested by workers using ladders and buckets.Though it is known that manual apple harvest would probably lead to occupational injuries(e.g.,back,neck,and shoulder strains),there has been li...Apples are still manually harvested by workers using ladders and buckets.Though it is known that manual apple harvest would probably lead to occupational injuries(e.g.,back,neck,and shoulder strains),there has been little research that focuses on identifying the awkward activities/postures of pickers during the harvest process.After categorizing apple harvest work into 12 activities,this study used the method of Rapid Upper Limb Assessment(RULA)to identify awkward postures/activities that occurred during apple harvest.Awkward activities confirmed include descending a ladder,dumping apples,picking high and low apples on a ladder as well as on the ground,and moving a ladder,with potential reasons for each awkward activity provided.Meanwhile,it was demonstrated that pickers spent approximately 64%of working time under awkward postures that would lead to occupational diseases.In addition,this study analyzed picker harvest efficiency in terms of general and detail manners.The general mode assessed harvest activity in terms of picking and non-picking,with results showing that pickers averagely spent 76%(±7%)of harvest time in picking apples.Further analysis evaluated picking activities in terms of reaching,detaching,and transporting apples,with results showing that pickers spent averagely 30%(±6%)of time in detaching apples,which is the value time during apple harvest.Furthermore,valuable picking time ratio was obtained as the multiplication of picking time ratio and detaching time ratio.With a valuable ratio of 22%(±5%),it theoretically demonstrated the low harvest efficiency of the traditional harvest method.Since a majority of the awkward activities and the low efficiency were because of the ladders/buckets,using a harvest-assist unit may be a potential solution.Additionally,more efforts should be spent on the development of innovative mechanism to replace worker in placing attached apples to the bucket.Once the time for transporting apples is eliminated,the time for reaching apples is also removed,indicating the harvest efficiency would be improved significantly.展开更多
With the implementation of the"rural revitalization"strategy,many traditional villages face the challenges of renewal and revitalization.A scientific and effective understanding of these renovation strategie...With the implementation of the"rural revitalization"strategy,many traditional villages face the challenges of renewal and revitalization.A scientific and effective understanding of these renovation strategies is crucial in the renewal design process.This study integrates eye-tracking technology and subjective evaluation methods to construct a research framework for assessing cognitive preferences regarding architectural renovation strategies in traditional villages.Three villages in Nanjing,Jiangsu Province,China—She Village,Lixiang Village,and Sujia Ideal Village—were selected as case studies.Subjective evaluation scores were obtained using a semantic differentiation(SD)questionnaire,and the weights of various evaluation dimensions were determined based on the analytic hierarchy process(AHP).Eye-tracking experiments recorded subjects'observation processes of different remodeling spaces,producing focus heatmaps,areas of interest(AOI)maps,and corresponding eye movement data.The comprehensive analysis of these two aspects provides a more thorough understanding and evaluation of renovation strategies in traditional villages:(1)In architectural renovation,the most effective strategies are ranked as follows:block addition,facade renovation,juxtaposition of old and new,and overall reshaping.(2)The metrics of richness and recognizability show significant correlations with eye-tracking data,suggesting their importance in comprehensive analysis.(3)Both high and low subjective evaluation scores attract attention,indicating the need to integrate subjective evaluation results with eye-tracking data for accurate judgment.展开更多
文摘Apples are still manually harvested by workers using ladders and buckets.Though it is known that manual apple harvest would probably lead to occupational injuries(e.g.,back,neck,and shoulder strains),there has been little research that focuses on identifying the awkward activities/postures of pickers during the harvest process.After categorizing apple harvest work into 12 activities,this study used the method of Rapid Upper Limb Assessment(RULA)to identify awkward postures/activities that occurred during apple harvest.Awkward activities confirmed include descending a ladder,dumping apples,picking high and low apples on a ladder as well as on the ground,and moving a ladder,with potential reasons for each awkward activity provided.Meanwhile,it was demonstrated that pickers spent approximately 64%of working time under awkward postures that would lead to occupational diseases.In addition,this study analyzed picker harvest efficiency in terms of general and detail manners.The general mode assessed harvest activity in terms of picking and non-picking,with results showing that pickers averagely spent 76%(±7%)of harvest time in picking apples.Further analysis evaluated picking activities in terms of reaching,detaching,and transporting apples,with results showing that pickers spent averagely 30%(±6%)of time in detaching apples,which is the value time during apple harvest.Furthermore,valuable picking time ratio was obtained as the multiplication of picking time ratio and detaching time ratio.With a valuable ratio of 22%(±5%),it theoretically demonstrated the low harvest efficiency of the traditional harvest method.Since a majority of the awkward activities and the low efficiency were because of the ladders/buckets,using a harvest-assist unit may be a potential solution.Additionally,more efforts should be spent on the development of innovative mechanism to replace worker in placing attached apples to the bucket.Once the time for transporting apples is eliminated,the time for reaching apples is also removed,indicating the harvest efficiency would be improved significantly.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant Nos.2022YFC3800300,2022YFC3800304)the University-Industry Collaborative Education Program of the Ministry of Education,China(Grant No.202101042020)。
文摘With the implementation of the"rural revitalization"strategy,many traditional villages face the challenges of renewal and revitalization.A scientific and effective understanding of these renovation strategies is crucial in the renewal design process.This study integrates eye-tracking technology and subjective evaluation methods to construct a research framework for assessing cognitive preferences regarding architectural renovation strategies in traditional villages.Three villages in Nanjing,Jiangsu Province,China—She Village,Lixiang Village,and Sujia Ideal Village—were selected as case studies.Subjective evaluation scores were obtained using a semantic differentiation(SD)questionnaire,and the weights of various evaluation dimensions were determined based on the analytic hierarchy process(AHP).Eye-tracking experiments recorded subjects'observation processes of different remodeling spaces,producing focus heatmaps,areas of interest(AOI)maps,and corresponding eye movement data.The comprehensive analysis of these two aspects provides a more thorough understanding and evaluation of renovation strategies in traditional villages:(1)In architectural renovation,the most effective strategies are ranked as follows:block addition,facade renovation,juxtaposition of old and new,and overall reshaping.(2)The metrics of richness and recognizability show significant correlations with eye-tracking data,suggesting their importance in comprehensive analysis.(3)Both high and low subjective evaluation scores attract attention,indicating the need to integrate subjective evaluation results with eye-tracking data for accurate judgment.
