This paper,based on Mencius’s ideas,makes a comparative study of Wang Yangming and Lu Xiangshan in the light of Wang’s“On Eradicating the Root and Source of Evil.”Both Lu and Wang are loyal inheritors of Mencius’...This paper,based on Mencius’s ideas,makes a comparative study of Wang Yangming and Lu Xiangshan in the light of Wang’s“On Eradicating the Root and Source of Evil.”Both Lu and Wang are loyal inheritors of Mencius’s ideas.e author discusses Wang’s inheritance and development of Lu’s theory focusing on two propositions:one is that the intuitive mind is obscured by ma terial desire,and the other,that utilitarian ideas penetrate the innermost mind.Though Wang’s“On Eradicating the Root and Source of Evil”is inspired by Lu,it moves forward to expand Lu’s viewpoints and thinking,and to restructure the framework of his theory.展开更多
From February 18-21, 2014, a panel of experts, which was established by a resolution of the United Nations Economic and Social Council to draft exemplary strategies and implementation measures for eradicating violence...From February 18-21, 2014, a panel of experts, which was established by a resolution of the United Nations Economic and Social Council to draft exemplary strategies and implementation measures for eradicating violence against children in crime prevention and criminal judicature, convened in Bangkok, Thailand, for an intergovernmental experts meeting mainly to discuss the draft. After general discussion, delib- eration by the presidium and detailed negotiations, the meeting produced the report, ＂Exemplary Strategies and Implementation Measures for Eradicating Violence Against Children in Crime Prevention and Criminal Judicature.＂展开更多
The Chinese Government is raising the poverty line to an annual per-capita net income of 2,300 yuan （$365） for residents in rural areas, according to the working conference on poverty alleviation held at the end of ...The Chinese Government is raising the poverty line to an annual per-capita net income of 2,300 yuan （$365） for residents in rural areas, according to the working conference on poverty alleviation held at the end of 2011. This qualifies 128 million Chinese as poor and makes them eligible to receive government assistance by the end of 2011.展开更多
New 2013 guidelines on Helicobacter pylori(H. pylori) infection have been published in China, Japan, and South Korea. Like the previous ones, these new guidelines differ between the three countries with regard to the ...New 2013 guidelines on Helicobacter pylori(H. pylori) infection have been published in China, Japan, and South Korea. Like the previous ones, these new guidelines differ between the three countries with regard to the indications for H. pylori eradication, diagnostic methods, and treatment regimens. The most profound change among all of the guidelines is that the Japanese national health insurance system now covers the expenses for all infected subjects up to second-line treatment. This makes the Japanese indications for eradication much wider than those in China and South Korea. With regard to the diagnosis, a serum H. pylori antibody test is not recommended in China, whereas it is considered to be the most reliable method in Japan. A decrease relative to the initial antibody titer of more than 50% after 6-12 mo is considered to be the most accurate method for determining successful eradication in Japan. In contrast, only the urea breath test is recommended after eradication in China, while either noninvasive or invasive methods(except the bacterial culture) are recommended in South Korea. Due to the increased rate of antibiotics resistance, first-line treatment is omitted in China and South Korea in cases of clarithromycin resistance. Notably, the Japanese regimen consists of a lower dose of antibiotics for a shorter duration(7 d) than in the other countries. There is neither 14 d nor bismuth-based regimen in the first-line and second-line treatment in Japan. Such differences among countries might be due to differences in the approvals granted by the governments and national health insurance system in each country. Further studies are required to achieve the best results in the diagnosis and treatment of H. pylori infection based on cost-effectiveness in East Asian countries.展开更多
Objective To evaluate the efficacy of eradication therapy based on potassium-competitive acid blocker (PCAB) for Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection in reeradication therapy (the second-line therapy treatment after ini...Objective To evaluate the efficacy of eradication therapy based on potassium-competitive acid blocker (PCAB) for Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection in reeradication therapy (the second-line therapy treatment after initial eradication failure of HP infection) and determine whether it can achieve the ideal eradication rate(90%).展开更多
Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease caused by bacterial biofilms,which leads to the destruction of periodontal tissue.Current treatments,such as mechanical cleaning and antibiotics,struggle to effectively address...Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease caused by bacterial biofilms,which leads to the destruction of periodontal tissue.Current treatments,such as mechanical cleaning and antibiotics,struggle to effectively address the persistent biofilms,inflammation,and tissue damage.A new approach involves developing a Janus nanomotor(J-CeM@Au)by coating cerium dioxide-doped mesoporous silica(CeM)with gold nanoparticles(AuNPs).This nanomotor exhibits thermophoretic motion when exposed to near-infrared(NIR)laser light due to the temperature gradient produced by the photothermal effects of asymmetrically distributed AuNPs.The NIR laser provides the energy for propulsion and activates the nanomotor's antibacterial properties,allowing it to penetrate biofilms and kill bacteria.Additionally,the nanomotor's ability to scavenge reactive oxygen species(ROS)can modulate the immune response and create a regenerative environment,promoting the healing of periodontal tissue.Overall,this multifunctional nanomotor offers a promising new approach for treating periodontitis by simultaneously addressing biofilm management and immune modulation with autonomous movement.展开更多
Around 100 proteins are produced inside the chloroplast but the vast majority must be imported. These proteins are synthesized in the cytosol as preproteins with cleavable targeting sequences. Several plastid types ot...Around 100 proteins are produced inside the chloroplast but the vast majority must be imported. These proteins are synthesized in the cytosol as preproteins with cleavable targeting sequences. Several plastid types other than chloroplasts exist. During plant development, one plastid type may be converted to another, a process referred to as plastid transition (Jarvis and Lopez-Juez, 2013). During plastid transitions, proteome remodeling occurs, and one set of imported proteins is replaced by another that is functionally adapted (Kleffmann et al., 2007). Moreover, plastid proteomes are known to be regulated in an environmentdependent fashion, and chloroplasts may respond to changing light conditions by regulating the composition and abundance of photosynthetic complexes.展开更多
BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)is a Gram-negative bacterium that relies on flagellar motility to colonize the stomach,damaging the gastric mucosa through various mechanisms and leading to various digestive di...BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)is a Gram-negative bacterium that relies on flagellar motility to colonize the stomach,damaging the gastric mucosa through various mechanisms and leading to various digestive disorders.Accurate assessment and precise treatment are essential in initial intensive therapy.AIM To investigate the efficacy and safety of a vonoprazan(VPZ)-based triple regimen for first-line eradication of H.pylori in China.METHODS This multicenter noninferior randomized controlled trial(June 2022 to November 2023)involved 524 H.pyloripositive patients across 19 centers in Shandong,China.Participants were randomized to 14-day esomeprazole/bismuth/amoxicillin/clarithromycin(EBAC),14-day VPZ/amoxicillin/clarithromycin(VACa),or 10-day VPZ/amoxicillin/clarithromycin(VACb)-all administered twice daily.Primary outcomes(eradication rates)were assessed via intention-to-treat(ITT)and per-protocol(PP)analyses.Secondary endpoints included adverse events and adherence.Noninferiority testing andχ^(2)tests were used for statistical comparisons.RESULTS A total of 524 patients participated in this study.In ITT analysis,the eradication rates of the EBAC,VACa,and VACb groups were 72.6%(127/175),88.0%(154/175),and 83.3%(145/174),respectively(P=0.001).The difference in the eradication rate between the EBAC and VPCa groups was 15.4%[95%confidence interval(CI):7.3-23.6,P<0.001],and that between the EBAC and VACb groups was 10.8%(95%CI:2.1-19.4,P=0.018).In PP analysis,the eradication rates of the EBAC,VACa,and VACb groups were 81.4%(127/156),93.9%(154/164),and 90.6%(145/160),respectively(P=0.001).There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions among the three groups,which were 36.6%,33.8%and 29.6%,respectively(P=0.50).CONCLUSION VPZ-based triple therapies demonstrate noninferiority to 14-day bismuth-containing regimens,with the 10-day regimen showing comparable efficacy and similar adverse event rates.展开更多
Pinewood nematode is a devastating forest pathogen and is considered a quarantine organism worldwide.First identified in China 40 years ago,the disease has been spreading since.In response,Chinese authorities have int...Pinewood nematode is a devastating forest pathogen and is considered a quarantine organism worldwide.First identified in China 40 years ago,the disease has been spreading since.In response,Chinese authorities have introduced new requirements for preventing and controlling the disease.This paper proposes a new and highly effective preventive drug,a trunk injection agent usable at normal temperatures.Its use is suggested for localized epidemic areas to reduce diseased and dead trees and as a preventive measure in adjacent non-epidemic areas to prevent the infection from spreading,particularly protecting important and ancient pine trees.展开更多
Nujiang’s success in eliminating poverty sets a good example for the developing countries to follow.Poverty continues to be a major problem in many parts of the world.China’s poverty eradication experience demonstra...Nujiang’s success in eliminating poverty sets a good example for the developing countries to follow.Poverty continues to be a major problem in many parts of the world.China’s poverty eradication experience demonstrates that developing countries can end poverty through perseverance and sustained efforts,noted Irina Bokova,former director general of UNESCO.展开更多
BACKGROUND Effective acid suppression significantly enhances the eradication rate of Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori).AIM To assess the efficacy and safety of high-dose dual therapy(HDDT)utilizing various highly potent a...BACKGROUND Effective acid suppression significantly enhances the eradication rate of Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori).AIM To assess the efficacy and safety of high-dose dual therapy(HDDT)utilizing various highly potent antisecretory medications,thereby providing additional clinical guidance for H.pylori eradication.METHODS The study population comprised untreated H.pylori patients from three medical centers in central China.From February 10,2024 to March 31,2024,439 subjects were randomly allocated to either the esomeprazole-amoxicillin(EA)or esomeprazole-amoxicillin-clarithromycin-bismuth(B-quadruple)group.Subsequently,from April 1,2024 to May 10,2024,367 subjects were randomly assigned to either the vonoprazan-amoxicillin(VA)or vonoprazan-amoxicillin-clarithromycin(VAC)group.The study recorded treatment efficacy,adverse events,compliance,symptom alleviation,and associated costs.RESULTS EA-dual demonstrated non-inferiority to B-quadruple regimen in modified intention-to-treat(mITT)and perprotocol(PP)analyses(P<0.025).However,the eradication rate of EA was lower than that of the B-quadruple group[70.59%vs 83.49%,92.86%vs 98.38%,93.94%vs 98.38%,intention-to-treat(ITT),mITT,PP respectively,P<0.05].In ITT,mITT,and PP analyses,VA-dual was non-inferior to VAC treatment(84.15%vs 83.15%,96.25%vs 92.73%,96.75%vs 93.75%,P<0.025).No significant differences were observed in adverse events,compliance,and symptom relief between groups.VA exhibited the lowest cost.Antibiotic use within 2 years,poor compliance,and suburban residence were associated with reduced eradication efficacy(P<0.05).CONCLUSION The HDDT based on vonoprazan demonstrated non-inferiority to the VAC triple regimen,suggesting its potential as a recommended first-line treatment for H.pylori eradication.While B-quadruple therapy showed better eradication rate than EA therapy,the latter proved non-inferior in mITT and PP analyses.Notably,antibiotic use within the preceding two years,adherence to treatment protocols,and patient residence emerged as critical factors influencing eradication success.展开更多
OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of 14-day Qingwei Zhitong pellets(清胃止痛微丸,QZ)-containing quadruple therapy(QZQT)compared to bismuth-containing quadruple therapy(BQT)in treatment-naive patients with ...OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of 14-day Qingwei Zhitong pellets(清胃止痛微丸,QZ)-containing quadruple therapy(QZQT)compared to bismuth-containing quadruple therapy(BQT)in treatment-naive patients with Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)infection.METHODS:This single-center,randomized controlled clinical trial enrolled 333 patients,who were divided into either the QZQT group(QZ pellets,3.2 g,three times daily;rabeprazole,10 mg,twice daily;amoxicillin 1000 mg,twice daily;clarithromycin,500 mg,twice daily)or the BQT group(bismuth potassium citrate,1000 mg,three times daily;rabeprazole,10 mg,twice daily;amoxicillin,1000 mg,twice daily;clarithromycin,500 mg,twice daily)for 14 d.The 13C-urea breath test assessed eradication success at least four weeks after treatment.The primary outcome focused on the eradication rate,with secondary outcomes including safety and patient compliance.RESULTS:From August 2022 to June 2023,342 subjects were screened,and 333 were randomized.The QZQT and BQT groups showed eradication rates of 68.9%and 67.8%(P=0.838)by intention-to-treat(ITT)analysis,respectively,and 71.1%and 68.3%(P=0.612)by perprotocol(PP)analysis,respectively.QZQT was non-inferior to BQT in both ITT and PP analyses.QZQT was associated with fewer side effects(57.8%of patients)than BQT(90.4%)(P<0.001).CONCLUSION:The 14 d QZQT treatment demonstrates equal efficacy in eradicating H.pylori infection and improved patient compliance and safety compared to BQT.These results provide evidence supporting 14-day QZQT as an acceptable treatment for H.pylori infection.展开更多
BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)is a Gram-negative bacillus classified as a Group I carcinogen by the World Health Organization.However,the efficacy of eradi-cation therapies has declined in recent years,prima...BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)is a Gram-negative bacillus classified as a Group I carcinogen by the World Health Organization.However,the efficacy of eradi-cation therapies has declined in recent years,primarily due to the increasing prevalence of antibiotic resistance.The Maastricht VI/Florence Consensus Report highlights the importance of tailoring treatment strategies to local epidemiological data and individual antimicrobial susceptibility patterns.AIM To investigate the efficacy of precision-guided first-line therapy for H.pylori in-fection using genotypic antibiotic susceptibility testing(G-AST).METHODS This single-center randomized controlled trial enrolled 194 H.pylori-positive patients at a tertiary hospital in Qingdao,China(October 2022-August 2024).Participants were randomized to receive either a 14-day bismuth quadruple therapy(BQT:Amoxicillin,clarithromycin,esomeprazole,and bismuth)or a 14-day G-AST-guided regimen with tailored antibiotics(clarithromycin,levofloxacin,or tetracycline).Treatment efficacy and adverse events were compared between groups using intention-to-treat(ITT)and per-protocol(PP)analyses.Primary and secondary outcomes were analyzed withχ²tests.RESULTS Of 194 patients enrolled,180(92.8%)completed the study as planned.In the ITT analysis,the eradication rate was higher in the G-AST group than in the BQT group[92.8%(95%CI:85.8-96.5)vs 79.4%(95%CI:70.3-86.2),P=0.007],with a risk difference of 13.4%(95%CI:3.7-23.2).In the PP analysis,eradication rates were 97.8%(95%CI:92.4-99.4)in the G-AST group and 84.1%(95%CI:75.1-90.3)in the BQT group(P=0.001),with a risk difference of 13.7%(95%CI:5.5-23.0).Adverse event incidence did not differ significantly between groups(30.9%vs 28.9%,P=0.754).CONCLUSION G-AST-guided therapy yielded higher eradication rates than empirical BQT in first-line H.pylori treatment without increasing adverse events,supporting the clinical utility of individualized,resistance-based therapy.展开更多
Objective: To compare the eradication rates of Helicobacter pylori (HP) and the incidence of adverse reactions among three treatment methods. Methods: A total of 139 patients with Helicobacter pylori infection diagnos...Objective: To compare the eradication rates of Helicobacter pylori (HP) and the incidence of adverse reactions among three treatment methods. Methods: A total of 139 patients with Helicobacter pylori infection diagnosed at the outpatient clinic or during hospitalization in the Department of Gastroenterology of West Electric Group Hospital from January 2022 to April 2023 were enrolled. Patients were divided into three groups: dual therapy group (46 cases), triple therapy group (62 cases), and quadruple therapy group (31 cases). The dual therapy group received omeprazole and amoxicillin;the triple therapy group received omeprazole, amoxicillin, and probiotics;the quadruple therapy group received omeprazole, colloidal bismuth pectin capsules, amoxicillin, and furazolidone. All treatments lasted for two weeks. The eradication rates and incidence of adverse reactions were compared among the three groups. Results: The eradication rates for the dual, triple, and quadruple therapy groups were 84.8%, 85.5%, and 85%, respectively (P > 0.05). The primary adverse reactions included gastrointestinal symptoms such as bloating, abdominal pain, loss of appetite, and abdominal discomfort, with incidence rates of 1, 2, and 6 cases in the dual, triple, and quadruple therapy groups, respectively (P = 0.574). However, a significant difference was found between the dual and quadruple therapy groups (P = 0.03) and between the triple and quadruple therapy groups (P = 0.026). Neurological side effects, such as dizziness and headache, were rare, with incidences of 0, 1, and 1 cases in the dual, triple, and quadruple therapy groups, respectively (P = 0.611). Conclusion: The efficacy of dual, triple, and quadruple therapy for eradicating Helicobacter pylori showed no significant difference. However, the dual and triple therapy groups had lower adverse reaction rates, making them suitable alternatives to traditional quadruple therapy for reducing patient discomfort. The probiotic group also contributed to the restoration of normal gastrointestinal microbiota.展开更多
There has been a rise in the incidence of esophageal adenocarcinoma(EAC)over the past five decades in the United States,and it remains a highly lethal ma-lignancy due to frequent late-stage diagnosis.Barrett’s esopha...There has been a rise in the incidence of esophageal adenocarcinoma(EAC)over the past five decades in the United States,and it remains a highly lethal ma-lignancy due to frequent late-stage diagnosis.Barrett’s esophagus(BE),a well-established precursor to EAC,presents a critical window for early intervention through screening,surveillance,and endoscopic eradication therapy.Despite gastrointestinal society guideline recommendations for screening,the majority of patients with BE or early EAC remain undiagnosed until symptoms of late-stage cancer emerge.This review outlines current challenges and evolving strategies in the United States in BE detection and management,including risk stratification models,non-endoscopic screening tools,high-quality endoscopic techniques,tissue-based biomarkers,and artificial intelligence-enhanced imaging.We high-light best practices for surveillance,emphasizing the importance of thorough inspection of high-risk anatomic zones and the integration of advanced imaging.Endoscopic eradication therapy,including endoscopic mucosal resection and ablation,achieves high rates of complete eradication when performed with meti-culous technique,especially with comprehensive treatment of the gastroeso-phageal junction and gastric cardia.Long-term surveillance remains essential due to the risk of recurrence.As new technologies continue to emerge,integrating precision tools into routine practice will be key to improving outcomes and reducing EAC mortality.展开更多
BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)is a widespread microorganism related to gastric adenocarcinoma(AC).In contrast,it has been reported that an inverse association exists between H.pylori infection and esophageal...BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)is a widespread microorganism related to gastric adenocarcinoma(AC).In contrast,it has been reported that an inverse association exists between H.pylori infection and esophageal carcinoma.The mechanisms underlying this supposedly protective effect remain controversial.AIM To determine the prevalence of H.pylori infection in esophageal carcinoma patients,we performed a retrospective observational study of esophageal tumors diagnosed in our hospital.METHODS We retrospectively reviewed the prevalence of H.pylori infection in a cohort of patients diagnosed with esophageal carcinoma.Concomitant or previous proton pump inhibitor(PPI)usage was also recorded.RESULTS A total of 89 patients with esophageal carcinoma(69 males,77.5%),with a mean age of 66 years(range,26-93 years)were included.AC was the most frequent pathological variant(n=47,52.8%),followed by squamous cell carcinoma(n=37,41.6%).Fourteen ACs(29.8%)originated in the gastroesophageal junction and 33(70.2%)in the esophageal body.Overall,54 patients(60.7%)presented at stages III and IV.Previous H.pylori infection occurred only in 4 patients(4.5%),3 with AC(6.3%of all ACs)and 1 with squamous cell carcinoma(2.7%of all squamous cell tumors).All patients with previous H.pylori infection had stage III-IV.Only one patient had received prior H.pylori eradication therapy,whereas 86(96.6%)had received previous or concomitant PPI treatment.CONCLUSION In our cohort of patients,and after histologic evaluation of paraffin-embedded primary tumors,we found a very low prevalence of previous H.pylori infection.We also reviewed the medical history of the patients,concluding that the majority had received or were on PPI treatment.The minimal prevalence of H.pylori infection found in this cohort of patients with esophageal carcinoma suggests a protective role.展开更多
BACKGROUND Difficulty in obtaining tetracycline,increased adverse reactions,and relatively complicated medication methods have limited the clinical application of the classic bismuth quadruple therapy.Therefore,the se...BACKGROUND Difficulty in obtaining tetracycline,increased adverse reactions,and relatively complicated medication methods have limited the clinical application of the classic bismuth quadruple therapy.Therefore,the search for new alternative drugs has become one of the research hotspots.In recent years,minocycline,as a semisynthetic tetracycline,has demonstrated good potential for eradicating Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)infection,but the systematic evaluation of its role remains lacking.AIM To explore the efficacy,safety,and compliance of minocycline in eradicating H.pylori infection.METHODS We comprehensively retrieved the electronic databases of PubMed,Embase,Web of Science,China National Knowledge Infrastructure,SinoMed,and Wanfang database as of October 30,2023,and finally included 22 research reports on H.pylori eradication with minocycline-containing regimens as per the inclusion and exclusion criteria.The eradication rates of H.pylori were calculated using a fixed or a random effect model,and the heterogeneity and publication bias of the studies were measured.RESULTS The single-arm meta-analysis revealed that the minocycline-containing regimens achieved good overall H.pylori eradication rates,reaching 82.3%[95%confidence interval(CI):79.7%-85.1%]in the intention-to-treat analysis and 90.0%(95%CI:87.7%-92.4%)in the per-protocol analysis.The overall safety and compliance of the minocycline-containing regimens were good,demonstrating an overall incidence of adverse reactions of 36.5%(95%CI:31.5%-42.2%).Further by traditional meta-analysis,the results showed that the minocycline-containing regimens were not statistically different from other commonly used eradication regimens in eradication rate and incidence of adverse effects.Most of the adverse reactions were mild to moderate and well-tolerated,and dizziness was relatively prominent in the minocycline-containing regimens(16%).CONCLUSION The minocycline-containing regimens demonstrated good efficacy,safety,and compliance in H.pylori eradication.Minocycline has good potential to replace tetracycline for eradicating H.pylori infection.展开更多
基金This paper is a preliminary result of the major project Wang Yangming’s Transmission and Development of the Pre-Qin Confucianism in His Philosophy of the Mind[阳明心学对先秦儒家思想的传承与发展],a Guoxue project supported by 2019 Guizhou Provincial Philosophy and Social Sciences Program(Project No.19GZGX02).
文摘This paper,based on Mencius’s ideas,makes a comparative study of Wang Yangming and Lu Xiangshan in the light of Wang’s“On Eradicating the Root and Source of Evil.”Both Lu and Wang are loyal inheritors of Mencius’s ideas.e author discusses Wang’s inheritance and development of Lu’s theory focusing on two propositions:one is that the intuitive mind is obscured by ma terial desire,and the other,that utilitarian ideas penetrate the innermost mind.Though Wang’s“On Eradicating the Root and Source of Evil”is inspired by Lu,it moves forward to expand Lu’s viewpoints and thinking,and to restructure the framework of his theory.
文摘From February 18-21, 2014, a panel of experts, which was established by a resolution of the United Nations Economic and Social Council to draft exemplary strategies and implementation measures for eradicating violence against children in crime prevention and criminal judicature, convened in Bangkok, Thailand, for an intergovernmental experts meeting mainly to discuss the draft. After general discussion, delib- eration by the presidium and detailed negotiations, the meeting produced the report, ＂Exemplary Strategies and Implementation Measures for Eradicating Violence Against Children in Crime Prevention and Criminal Judicature.＂
文摘The Chinese Government is raising the poverty line to an annual per-capita net income of 2,300 yuan （$365） for residents in rural areas, according to the working conference on poverty alleviation held at the end of 2011. This qualifies 128 million Chinese as poor and makes them eligible to receive government assistance by the end of 2011.
文摘New 2013 guidelines on Helicobacter pylori(H. pylori) infection have been published in China, Japan, and South Korea. Like the previous ones, these new guidelines differ between the three countries with regard to the indications for H. pylori eradication, diagnostic methods, and treatment regimens. The most profound change among all of the guidelines is that the Japanese national health insurance system now covers the expenses for all infected subjects up to second-line treatment. This makes the Japanese indications for eradication much wider than those in China and South Korea. With regard to the diagnosis, a serum H. pylori antibody test is not recommended in China, whereas it is considered to be the most reliable method in Japan. A decrease relative to the initial antibody titer of more than 50% after 6-12 mo is considered to be the most accurate method for determining successful eradication in Japan. In contrast, only the urea breath test is recommended after eradication in China, while either noninvasive or invasive methods(except the bacterial culture) are recommended in South Korea. Due to the increased rate of antibiotics resistance, first-line treatment is omitted in China and South Korea in cases of clarithromycin resistance. Notably, the Japanese regimen consists of a lower dose of antibiotics for a shorter duration(7 d) than in the other countries. There is neither 14 d nor bismuth-based regimen in the first-line and second-line treatment in Japan. Such differences among countries might be due to differences in the approvals granted by the governments and national health insurance system in each country. Further studies are required to achieve the best results in the diagnosis and treatment of H. pylori infection based on cost-effectiveness in East Asian countries.
文摘Objective To evaluate the efficacy of eradication therapy based on potassium-competitive acid blocker (PCAB) for Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection in reeradication therapy (the second-line therapy treatment after initial eradication failure of HP infection) and determine whether it can achieve the ideal eradication rate(90%).
基金Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2042022kf1206)National Natural Science Foundation of China(82271010).
文摘Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease caused by bacterial biofilms,which leads to the destruction of periodontal tissue.Current treatments,such as mechanical cleaning and antibiotics,struggle to effectively address the persistent biofilms,inflammation,and tissue damage.A new approach involves developing a Janus nanomotor(J-CeM@Au)by coating cerium dioxide-doped mesoporous silica(CeM)with gold nanoparticles(AuNPs).This nanomotor exhibits thermophoretic motion when exposed to near-infrared(NIR)laser light due to the temperature gradient produced by the photothermal effects of asymmetrically distributed AuNPs.The NIR laser provides the energy for propulsion and activates the nanomotor's antibacterial properties,allowing it to penetrate biofilms and kill bacteria.Additionally,the nanomotor's ability to scavenge reactive oxygen species(ROS)can modulate the immune response and create a regenerative environment,promoting the healing of periodontal tissue.Overall,this multifunctional nanomotor offers a promising new approach for treating periodontitis by simultaneously addressing biofilm management and immune modulation with autonomous movement.
基金the Swiss National Science Foundation (31003A_156998 and 31003A_176191).
文摘Around 100 proteins are produced inside the chloroplast but the vast majority must be imported. These proteins are synthesized in the cytosol as preproteins with cleavable targeting sequences. Several plastid types other than chloroplasts exist. During plant development, one plastid type may be converted to another, a process referred to as plastid transition (Jarvis and Lopez-Juez, 2013). During plastid transitions, proteome remodeling occurs, and one set of imported proteins is replaced by another that is functionally adapted (Kleffmann et al., 2007). Moreover, plastid proteomes are known to be regulated in an environmentdependent fashion, and chloroplasts may respond to changing light conditions by regulating the composition and abundance of photosynthetic complexes.
基金Supported by Qilu Health Outstanding Young Talent Cultivation Project,No.QDFY-3839。
文摘BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)is a Gram-negative bacterium that relies on flagellar motility to colonize the stomach,damaging the gastric mucosa through various mechanisms and leading to various digestive disorders.Accurate assessment and precise treatment are essential in initial intensive therapy.AIM To investigate the efficacy and safety of a vonoprazan(VPZ)-based triple regimen for first-line eradication of H.pylori in China.METHODS This multicenter noninferior randomized controlled trial(June 2022 to November 2023)involved 524 H.pyloripositive patients across 19 centers in Shandong,China.Participants were randomized to 14-day esomeprazole/bismuth/amoxicillin/clarithromycin(EBAC),14-day VPZ/amoxicillin/clarithromycin(VACa),or 10-day VPZ/amoxicillin/clarithromycin(VACb)-all administered twice daily.Primary outcomes(eradication rates)were assessed via intention-to-treat(ITT)and per-protocol(PP)analyses.Secondary endpoints included adverse events and adherence.Noninferiority testing andχ^(2)tests were used for statistical comparisons.RESULTS A total of 524 patients participated in this study.In ITT analysis,the eradication rates of the EBAC,VACa,and VACb groups were 72.6%(127/175),88.0%(154/175),and 83.3%(145/174),respectively(P=0.001).The difference in the eradication rate between the EBAC and VPCa groups was 15.4%[95%confidence interval(CI):7.3-23.6,P<0.001],and that between the EBAC and VACb groups was 10.8%(95%CI:2.1-19.4,P=0.018).In PP analysis,the eradication rates of the EBAC,VACa,and VACb groups were 81.4%(127/156),93.9%(154/164),and 90.6%(145/160),respectively(P=0.001).There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions among the three groups,which were 36.6%,33.8%and 29.6%,respectively(P=0.50).CONCLUSION VPZ-based triple therapies demonstrate noninferiority to 14-day bismuth-containing regimens,with the 10-day regimen showing comparable efficacy and similar adverse event rates.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant Number:2021YFD1400903).
文摘Pinewood nematode is a devastating forest pathogen and is considered a quarantine organism worldwide.First identified in China 40 years ago,the disease has been spreading since.In response,Chinese authorities have introduced new requirements for preventing and controlling the disease.This paper proposes a new and highly effective preventive drug,a trunk injection agent usable at normal temperatures.Its use is suggested for localized epidemic areas to reduce diseased and dead trees and as a preventive measure in adjacent non-epidemic areas to prevent the infection from spreading,particularly protecting important and ancient pine trees.
文摘Nujiang’s success in eliminating poverty sets a good example for the developing countries to follow.Poverty continues to be a major problem in many parts of the world.China’s poverty eradication experience demonstrates that developing countries can end poverty through perseverance and sustained efforts,noted Irina Bokova,former director general of UNESCO.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82270594the National Natural Science Foundation for Youths of China,No.82103151+1 种基金the Outstanding Youth Foundation of Hunan Province,No.2022JJ20092the Wisdom Accumulation and Talent Cultivation Project of Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University,No.YX202103.
文摘BACKGROUND Effective acid suppression significantly enhances the eradication rate of Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori).AIM To assess the efficacy and safety of high-dose dual therapy(HDDT)utilizing various highly potent antisecretory medications,thereby providing additional clinical guidance for H.pylori eradication.METHODS The study population comprised untreated H.pylori patients from three medical centers in central China.From February 10,2024 to March 31,2024,439 subjects were randomly allocated to either the esomeprazole-amoxicillin(EA)or esomeprazole-amoxicillin-clarithromycin-bismuth(B-quadruple)group.Subsequently,from April 1,2024 to May 10,2024,367 subjects were randomly assigned to either the vonoprazan-amoxicillin(VA)or vonoprazan-amoxicillin-clarithromycin(VAC)group.The study recorded treatment efficacy,adverse events,compliance,symptom alleviation,and associated costs.RESULTS EA-dual demonstrated non-inferiority to B-quadruple regimen in modified intention-to-treat(mITT)and perprotocol(PP)analyses(P<0.025).However,the eradication rate of EA was lower than that of the B-quadruple group[70.59%vs 83.49%,92.86%vs 98.38%,93.94%vs 98.38%,intention-to-treat(ITT),mITT,PP respectively,P<0.05].In ITT,mITT,and PP analyses,VA-dual was non-inferior to VAC treatment(84.15%vs 83.15%,96.25%vs 92.73%,96.75%vs 93.75%,P<0.025).No significant differences were observed in adverse events,compliance,and symptom relief between groups.VA exhibited the lowest cost.Antibiotic use within 2 years,poor compliance,and suburban residence were associated with reduced eradication efficacy(P<0.05).CONCLUSION The HDDT based on vonoprazan demonstrated non-inferiority to the VAC triple regimen,suggesting its potential as a recommended first-line treatment for H.pylori eradication.While B-quadruple therapy showed better eradication rate than EA therapy,the latter proved non-inferior in mITT and PP analyses.Notably,antibiotic use within the preceding two years,adherence to treatment protocols,and patient residence emerged as critical factors influencing eradication success.
基金the China Zhongguancun Precision Medicine Science and Technology Foundation:Study on the Evaluation of Eradication Rate and Safety of Helicobacter Pylori in a Quadruple Therapy using Qingwei Zhitong Pellets as a Substitute for Bismuth Agent(320.6799.2022.09.24)。
文摘OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of 14-day Qingwei Zhitong pellets(清胃止痛微丸,QZ)-containing quadruple therapy(QZQT)compared to bismuth-containing quadruple therapy(BQT)in treatment-naive patients with Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)infection.METHODS:This single-center,randomized controlled clinical trial enrolled 333 patients,who were divided into either the QZQT group(QZ pellets,3.2 g,three times daily;rabeprazole,10 mg,twice daily;amoxicillin 1000 mg,twice daily;clarithromycin,500 mg,twice daily)or the BQT group(bismuth potassium citrate,1000 mg,three times daily;rabeprazole,10 mg,twice daily;amoxicillin,1000 mg,twice daily;clarithromycin,500 mg,twice daily)for 14 d.The 13C-urea breath test assessed eradication success at least four weeks after treatment.The primary outcome focused on the eradication rate,with secondary outcomes including safety and patient compliance.RESULTS:From August 2022 to June 2023,342 subjects were screened,and 333 were randomized.The QZQT and BQT groups showed eradication rates of 68.9%and 67.8%(P=0.838)by intention-to-treat(ITT)analysis,respectively,and 71.1%and 68.3%(P=0.612)by perprotocol(PP)analysis,respectively.QZQT was non-inferior to BQT in both ITT and PP analyses.QZQT was associated with fewer side effects(57.8%of patients)than BQT(90.4%)(P<0.001).CONCLUSION:The 14 d QZQT treatment demonstrates equal efficacy in eradicating H.pylori infection and improved patient compliance and safety compared to BQT.These results provide evidence supporting 14-day QZQT as an acceptable treatment for H.pylori infection.
基金Supported by Qilu Health Outstanding Young Talent Cultivation Project,No.QDFY-3839.
文摘BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)is a Gram-negative bacillus classified as a Group I carcinogen by the World Health Organization.However,the efficacy of eradi-cation therapies has declined in recent years,primarily due to the increasing prevalence of antibiotic resistance.The Maastricht VI/Florence Consensus Report highlights the importance of tailoring treatment strategies to local epidemiological data and individual antimicrobial susceptibility patterns.AIM To investigate the efficacy of precision-guided first-line therapy for H.pylori in-fection using genotypic antibiotic susceptibility testing(G-AST).METHODS This single-center randomized controlled trial enrolled 194 H.pylori-positive patients at a tertiary hospital in Qingdao,China(October 2022-August 2024).Participants were randomized to receive either a 14-day bismuth quadruple therapy(BQT:Amoxicillin,clarithromycin,esomeprazole,and bismuth)or a 14-day G-AST-guided regimen with tailored antibiotics(clarithromycin,levofloxacin,or tetracycline).Treatment efficacy and adverse events were compared between groups using intention-to-treat(ITT)and per-protocol(PP)analyses.Primary and secondary outcomes were analyzed withχ²tests.RESULTS Of 194 patients enrolled,180(92.8%)completed the study as planned.In the ITT analysis,the eradication rate was higher in the G-AST group than in the BQT group[92.8%(95%CI:85.8-96.5)vs 79.4%(95%CI:70.3-86.2),P=0.007],with a risk difference of 13.4%(95%CI:3.7-23.2).In the PP analysis,eradication rates were 97.8%(95%CI:92.4-99.4)in the G-AST group and 84.1%(95%CI:75.1-90.3)in the BQT group(P=0.001),with a risk difference of 13.7%(95%CI:5.5-23.0).Adverse event incidence did not differ significantly between groups(30.9%vs 28.9%,P=0.754).CONCLUSION G-AST-guided therapy yielded higher eradication rates than empirical BQT in first-line H.pylori treatment without increasing adverse events,supporting the clinical utility of individualized,resistance-based therapy.
文摘Objective: To compare the eradication rates of Helicobacter pylori (HP) and the incidence of adverse reactions among three treatment methods. Methods: A total of 139 patients with Helicobacter pylori infection diagnosed at the outpatient clinic or during hospitalization in the Department of Gastroenterology of West Electric Group Hospital from January 2022 to April 2023 were enrolled. Patients were divided into three groups: dual therapy group (46 cases), triple therapy group (62 cases), and quadruple therapy group (31 cases). The dual therapy group received omeprazole and amoxicillin;the triple therapy group received omeprazole, amoxicillin, and probiotics;the quadruple therapy group received omeprazole, colloidal bismuth pectin capsules, amoxicillin, and furazolidone. All treatments lasted for two weeks. The eradication rates and incidence of adverse reactions were compared among the three groups. Results: The eradication rates for the dual, triple, and quadruple therapy groups were 84.8%, 85.5%, and 85%, respectively (P > 0.05). The primary adverse reactions included gastrointestinal symptoms such as bloating, abdominal pain, loss of appetite, and abdominal discomfort, with incidence rates of 1, 2, and 6 cases in the dual, triple, and quadruple therapy groups, respectively (P = 0.574). However, a significant difference was found between the dual and quadruple therapy groups (P = 0.03) and between the triple and quadruple therapy groups (P = 0.026). Neurological side effects, such as dizziness and headache, were rare, with incidences of 0, 1, and 1 cases in the dual, triple, and quadruple therapy groups, respectively (P = 0.611). Conclusion: The efficacy of dual, triple, and quadruple therapy for eradicating Helicobacter pylori showed no significant difference. However, the dual and triple therapy groups had lower adverse reaction rates, making them suitable alternatives to traditional quadruple therapy for reducing patient discomfort. The probiotic group also contributed to the restoration of normal gastrointestinal microbiota.
文摘There has been a rise in the incidence of esophageal adenocarcinoma(EAC)over the past five decades in the United States,and it remains a highly lethal ma-lignancy due to frequent late-stage diagnosis.Barrett’s esophagus(BE),a well-established precursor to EAC,presents a critical window for early intervention through screening,surveillance,and endoscopic eradication therapy.Despite gastrointestinal society guideline recommendations for screening,the majority of patients with BE or early EAC remain undiagnosed until symptoms of late-stage cancer emerge.This review outlines current challenges and evolving strategies in the United States in BE detection and management,including risk stratification models,non-endoscopic screening tools,high-quality endoscopic techniques,tissue-based biomarkers,and artificial intelligence-enhanced imaging.We high-light best practices for surveillance,emphasizing the importance of thorough inspection of high-risk anatomic zones and the integration of advanced imaging.Endoscopic eradication therapy,including endoscopic mucosal resection and ablation,achieves high rates of complete eradication when performed with meti-culous technique,especially with comprehensive treatment of the gastroeso-phageal junction and gastric cardia.Long-term surveillance remains essential due to the risk of recurrence.As new technologies continue to emerge,integrating precision tools into routine practice will be key to improving outcomes and reducing EAC mortality.
文摘BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)is a widespread microorganism related to gastric adenocarcinoma(AC).In contrast,it has been reported that an inverse association exists between H.pylori infection and esophageal carcinoma.The mechanisms underlying this supposedly protective effect remain controversial.AIM To determine the prevalence of H.pylori infection in esophageal carcinoma patients,we performed a retrospective observational study of esophageal tumors diagnosed in our hospital.METHODS We retrospectively reviewed the prevalence of H.pylori infection in a cohort of patients diagnosed with esophageal carcinoma.Concomitant or previous proton pump inhibitor(PPI)usage was also recorded.RESULTS A total of 89 patients with esophageal carcinoma(69 males,77.5%),with a mean age of 66 years(range,26-93 years)were included.AC was the most frequent pathological variant(n=47,52.8%),followed by squamous cell carcinoma(n=37,41.6%).Fourteen ACs(29.8%)originated in the gastroesophageal junction and 33(70.2%)in the esophageal body.Overall,54 patients(60.7%)presented at stages III and IV.Previous H.pylori infection occurred only in 4 patients(4.5%),3 with AC(6.3%of all ACs)and 1 with squamous cell carcinoma(2.7%of all squamous cell tumors).All patients with previous H.pylori infection had stage III-IV.Only one patient had received prior H.pylori eradication therapy,whereas 86(96.6%)had received previous or concomitant PPI treatment.CONCLUSION In our cohort of patients,and after histologic evaluation of paraffin-embedded primary tumors,we found a very low prevalence of previous H.pylori infection.We also reviewed the medical history of the patients,concluding that the majority had received or were on PPI treatment.The minimal prevalence of H.pylori infection found in this cohort of patients with esophageal carcinoma suggests a protective role.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82170562Beijing Natural Science Foundation,No.7232199+2 种基金Capital’s Funds for Health Improvement and Research,No.2022-2-4093Youth Incubation Fund of Peking University Third Hospital,No.BYSYFY2021003Key Laboratory for Helicobacter pylori Infection and Upper Gastrointestinal Diseases in Beijing,No.BZ0371.
文摘BACKGROUND Difficulty in obtaining tetracycline,increased adverse reactions,and relatively complicated medication methods have limited the clinical application of the classic bismuth quadruple therapy.Therefore,the search for new alternative drugs has become one of the research hotspots.In recent years,minocycline,as a semisynthetic tetracycline,has demonstrated good potential for eradicating Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)infection,but the systematic evaluation of its role remains lacking.AIM To explore the efficacy,safety,and compliance of minocycline in eradicating H.pylori infection.METHODS We comprehensively retrieved the electronic databases of PubMed,Embase,Web of Science,China National Knowledge Infrastructure,SinoMed,and Wanfang database as of October 30,2023,and finally included 22 research reports on H.pylori eradication with minocycline-containing regimens as per the inclusion and exclusion criteria.The eradication rates of H.pylori were calculated using a fixed or a random effect model,and the heterogeneity and publication bias of the studies were measured.RESULTS The single-arm meta-analysis revealed that the minocycline-containing regimens achieved good overall H.pylori eradication rates,reaching 82.3%[95%confidence interval(CI):79.7%-85.1%]in the intention-to-treat analysis and 90.0%(95%CI:87.7%-92.4%)in the per-protocol analysis.The overall safety and compliance of the minocycline-containing regimens were good,demonstrating an overall incidence of adverse reactions of 36.5%(95%CI:31.5%-42.2%).Further by traditional meta-analysis,the results showed that the minocycline-containing regimens were not statistically different from other commonly used eradication regimens in eradication rate and incidence of adverse effects.Most of the adverse reactions were mild to moderate and well-tolerated,and dizziness was relatively prominent in the minocycline-containing regimens(16%).CONCLUSION The minocycline-containing regimens demonstrated good efficacy,safety,and compliance in H.pylori eradication.Minocycline has good potential to replace tetracycline for eradicating H.pylori infection.
