The concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs),their sources and toxic equivalent(TEQ)in soil,suspended matter and bottom sediments in the Fatala River Basin ecosystem were obtained for the fi rst time t...The concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs),their sources and toxic equivalent(TEQ)in soil,suspended matter and bottom sediments in the Fatala River Basin ecosystem were obtained for the fi rst time to our knowledge.Determination of 14 PAHs(ΣPAHs)was carried out using high-performance liquid chromatography.TheΣPAH content in soil ranged from 13 to 50,920(Me=820)ng/g.The composition of PAHs(high proportion of low-molecular-weight compounds and values of individual PAHs ratios)refl ected the signifi cant oil pollution of soil.Contaminated soil was localated in the central part of the Fatala River Basin.The median benzo(a)pyrene toxic equivalent of soil at the study site was 1.08(range,0.05 to 53.16)ngTEQ/g,showing generally low soil toxicity.TheΣPAH content in suspended matter was in the range of 33 to 1316(Me=309)ng/L.TheΣPAH content in bottom sediments ranged from 36 to 6943(Me=478)ng/L,corresponding to clean and moderately contaminated sediments.TheΣPAH content in bottom sediments depended on the anthropogenic impact on the Fatala River Basin territory and the bottom sediment features.Bottom sediments and suspended matter had a low toxic equivalent.展开更多
Urbanization may cause increased exposure levels to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （PAHs） and associated health risks for over half of the world＇s population living in cities, but little evidence has shown a dire...Urbanization may cause increased exposure levels to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （PAHs） and associated health risks for over half of the world＇s population living in cities, but little evidence has shown a direct spatial relationship between urbanization and soil PAH pollution. Based on the monitored PAH concentrations in 188 topsoil （0-5 cm） samples in Shenzhen, the most rapidly developing city in China, in recent decades, we applied geographical demarcation to determine the occurrences, source apportionments, and spatial ecological risks of soil PAHs across five zones of varying urban densities. Mean concentrations of the 16 US Environmental Protection Agency （EPA） priority PAHs （∑16PAHs） and the 7 carcinogenic PAHs （2E7CarPAHs） both followed the order： Zone D （60%-80% constructive land density （CLD）） 〉 Zone E （80%-100% CLD） 〉 Zone C （40%-60% CLD） 〉 Zone B （20%-40% CLD） 〉 Zone A （0%-20% CLD）, suggesting that the highest PAH levels occurred in the suburban-urban center transitional zone （Zone D） rather than the urban center zone （Zone E） in Shenzhen. There were significant correlations of ∑16PAHs to TOC and sampling altitude across all samples but not within highly-urbanized regions （Zones D and E）, implying a considerable disturbance of urbanization to the soil PAH pool. Source apportionments suggested that soil PAHs of all zones were mainly derived from fossil fuel combustion, with Zone E showing the highest contribution from oil sources among different zones. Spatial ecological risk analysis showed that the contaminated area （467 km2; 23.9% of total area; toxic equivalency quotients 〉 33 ng g^-1） had a higher contribution from the highly-urbanized regions （Zones D and E） than the uncontaminated area （42.3% vs. 18.1%）. Overall, our study highlighted a strong spatial relationship between urbanization and soil PAH pollution.展开更多
Open burning of municipal solid waste(MSW)is a common practice in Nigeria.Emission of compounds of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon(PAHs)in ambient air and ash residues from burning of these wastes pose a great danger ...Open burning of municipal solid waste(MSW)is a common practice in Nigeria.Emission of compounds of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon(PAHs)in ambient air and ash residues from burning of these wastes pose a great danger to the environment.This study investigated the contribution of open burning of MSW to the levels of PAHs in ambient air and ash residues from the burning site.Ash samples were obtained from six sampling locations at a MSW burning site.Polyurethane foam passive samplers were used in collecting ambient air samples.Quantification of PAHs was carried out using GC-MS operated in selected ion monitoring mode.The trend of ambient concentration of PAHs was;ΣPAHs AS-A(4.023)>AS-B(3.798)>AS-D(3.468)>AS-C(3.288),while average concentration of PAHs in the ash was 6.12 mg/kg.Concentrations of PAHs in ash samples ranged from 5.69-6.34 mg/kg.Principal component analysis(PCA)showed that most of the PAHs in the ambient were from MSW combustion.The results obtained suggest that concerted effort of the government and the relevant stakeholders is required to safeguard the environment and humans from PAH pollution from open burning of MSW.展开更多
Exposure to persistent organic pollutants(POPs)has been reported as a potential risk factor for diabetes in adults.However,effect modifications by sex and age,especially among Asian populations,have seldom been invest...Exposure to persistent organic pollutants(POPs)has been reported as a potential risk factor for diabetes in adults.However,effect modifications by sex and age,especially among Asian populations,have seldom been investigated.In the present study,we assessed associations of major POPs exposure including organochlorine pesticides(OCPs),polychlorinated biphenyls(PCBs),and polybrominated diphenyl ethers(PBDEs),with diabetes in Korean adults(n=1,295),a subset of the Korean National Environmental Health Survey(KoNEHS)Cycle 3(2015−2017).In the adult population,serum levels of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes(DDTs)and PCB167 showed an increased odds ratio(OR)for diabetes.When stratified by gender,associations became stronger and more consistent in women:In women,serum levels of OCPs including p,p′-DDT,p,p′-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene(p,p′-DDE),andΣOCPs and mono-ortho PCBs,such as PCB118 and PCB157,were significantly associated with diabetes.In the male participants,however,no significant positive associations were detected.When stratified by a cutoff age of 50 years,most studied POPs except PBDEs,i.e.,p,p′-DDT,p,p′-DDE,PCB118,PCB157,PCB167,PCB138,and PCB153,showed significant associations with diabetes,in the older adults.In the younger group,however,no measured POPs showed a significant positive association.Effects of endogenous sex hormones or interaction of POPs on aryl hydrocarbon receptors may partly explain the observed differences by gender and age,although further experimental confirmations should follow.Our findings show that POPs exposure at the current levels is associated with diabetes among general Korean adults,and such associations could be modified by gender and age.展开更多
基金support of the Project of the Russian Federation represented by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation:assistance in the form of grants in accordance with paragraph 4 of article 78.1 of the Budget Code of the Russian Federation(agreement No.075-15-2023-592 on subject No.13.2251.21.0216)CEREMAC-G own research fund and a Support special fi nancier of the Ministry of Higher Education,Scientifi c Research and Innovation(MESRSI)of the Republic of Guinea.
文摘The concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs),their sources and toxic equivalent(TEQ)in soil,suspended matter and bottom sediments in the Fatala River Basin ecosystem were obtained for the fi rst time to our knowledge.Determination of 14 PAHs(ΣPAHs)was carried out using high-performance liquid chromatography.TheΣPAH content in soil ranged from 13 to 50,920(Me=820)ng/g.The composition of PAHs(high proportion of low-molecular-weight compounds and values of individual PAHs ratios)refl ected the signifi cant oil pollution of soil.Contaminated soil was localated in the central part of the Fatala River Basin.The median benzo(a)pyrene toxic equivalent of soil at the study site was 1.08(range,0.05 to 53.16)ngTEQ/g,showing generally low soil toxicity.TheΣPAH content in suspended matter was in the range of 33 to 1316(Me=309)ng/L.TheΣPAH content in bottom sediments ranged from 36 to 6943(Me=478)ng/L,corresponding to clean and moderately contaminated sediments.TheΣPAH content in bottom sediments depended on the anthropogenic impact on the Fatala River Basin territory and the bottom sediment features.Bottom sediments and suspended matter had a low toxic equivalent.
基金supported by the "Laboratory Capacity Building Project" of Shenzhen Municipal Science and Technology Innovation Council, China (No. ZDSY20120614145024623)the State Key Program of National Natural Science of China (No. 41230634)
文摘Urbanization may cause increased exposure levels to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （PAHs） and associated health risks for over half of the world＇s population living in cities, but little evidence has shown a direct spatial relationship between urbanization and soil PAH pollution. Based on the monitored PAH concentrations in 188 topsoil （0-5 cm） samples in Shenzhen, the most rapidly developing city in China, in recent decades, we applied geographical demarcation to determine the occurrences, source apportionments, and spatial ecological risks of soil PAHs across five zones of varying urban densities. Mean concentrations of the 16 US Environmental Protection Agency （EPA） priority PAHs （∑16PAHs） and the 7 carcinogenic PAHs （2E7CarPAHs） both followed the order： Zone D （60%-80% constructive land density （CLD）） 〉 Zone E （80%-100% CLD） 〉 Zone C （40%-60% CLD） 〉 Zone B （20%-40% CLD） 〉 Zone A （0%-20% CLD）, suggesting that the highest PAH levels occurred in the suburban-urban center transitional zone （Zone D） rather than the urban center zone （Zone E） in Shenzhen. There were significant correlations of ∑16PAHs to TOC and sampling altitude across all samples but not within highly-urbanized regions （Zones D and E）, implying a considerable disturbance of urbanization to the soil PAH pool. Source apportionments suggested that soil PAHs of all zones were mainly derived from fossil fuel combustion, with Zone E showing the highest contribution from oil sources among different zones. Spatial ecological risk analysis showed that the contaminated area （467 km2; 23.9% of total area; toxic equivalency quotients 〉 33 ng g^-1） had a higher contribution from the highly-urbanized regions （Zones D and E） than the uncontaminated area （42.3% vs. 18.1%）. Overall, our study highlighted a strong spatial relationship between urbanization and soil PAH pollution.
文摘Open burning of municipal solid waste(MSW)is a common practice in Nigeria.Emission of compounds of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon(PAHs)in ambient air and ash residues from burning of these wastes pose a great danger to the environment.This study investigated the contribution of open burning of MSW to the levels of PAHs in ambient air and ash residues from the burning site.Ash samples were obtained from six sampling locations at a MSW burning site.Polyurethane foam passive samplers were used in collecting ambient air samples.Quantification of PAHs was carried out using GC-MS operated in selected ion monitoring mode.The trend of ambient concentration of PAHs was;ΣPAHs AS-A(4.023)>AS-B(3.798)>AS-D(3.468)>AS-C(3.288),while average concentration of PAHs in the ash was 6.12 mg/kg.Concentrations of PAHs in ash samples ranged from 5.69-6.34 mg/kg.Principal component analysis(PCA)showed that most of the PAHs in the ambient were from MSW combustion.The results obtained suggest that concerted effort of the government and the relevant stakeholders is required to safeguard the environment and humans from PAH pollution from open burning of MSW.
基金supported by grants from the National Institute of Environmental Research funded by the Ministry of Environment(MOE)of Korea(NIER-2019-01-02-082)National Research Foundation(NRF)of Korea(NRF-2020R1A2C3011269 and NRF-2022R1C1C2006982).
文摘Exposure to persistent organic pollutants(POPs)has been reported as a potential risk factor for diabetes in adults.However,effect modifications by sex and age,especially among Asian populations,have seldom been investigated.In the present study,we assessed associations of major POPs exposure including organochlorine pesticides(OCPs),polychlorinated biphenyls(PCBs),and polybrominated diphenyl ethers(PBDEs),with diabetes in Korean adults(n=1,295),a subset of the Korean National Environmental Health Survey(KoNEHS)Cycle 3(2015−2017).In the adult population,serum levels of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes(DDTs)and PCB167 showed an increased odds ratio(OR)for diabetes.When stratified by gender,associations became stronger and more consistent in women:In women,serum levels of OCPs including p,p′-DDT,p,p′-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene(p,p′-DDE),andΣOCPs and mono-ortho PCBs,such as PCB118 and PCB157,were significantly associated with diabetes.In the male participants,however,no significant positive associations were detected.When stratified by a cutoff age of 50 years,most studied POPs except PBDEs,i.e.,p,p′-DDT,p,p′-DDE,PCB118,PCB157,PCB167,PCB138,and PCB153,showed significant associations with diabetes,in the older adults.In the younger group,however,no measured POPs showed a significant positive association.Effects of endogenous sex hormones or interaction of POPs on aryl hydrocarbon receptors may partly explain the observed differences by gender and age,although further experimental confirmations should follow.Our findings show that POPs exposure at the current levels is associated with diabetes among general Korean adults,and such associations could be modified by gender and age.
