The zero coprime system equivalence is one of important research in the theory of multidimensional system equivalence,and is closely related to zero coprime equivalence of multivariate polynomial matrices.We first dis...The zero coprime system equivalence is one of important research in the theory of multidimensional system equivalence,and is closely related to zero coprime equivalence of multivariate polynomial matrices.We first discuss the relation between zero coprime equivalence and unimodular equivalence for polynomial matrices.Then,we investigate the zero coprime equivalence problem for several classes of polynomial matrices,some novel findings and criteria on reducing these matrices to their Smith normal forms are obtained.Finally,an example is provided to illustrate the main results.展开更多
Primary challenges with a forest inventory program are surveyors with various levels of experience and the turnover of inexperienced surveyors.Few studies have looked at the consistency of an instrument’s results amo...Primary challenges with a forest inventory program are surveyors with various levels of experience and the turnover of inexperienced surveyors.Few studies have looked at the consistency of an instrument’s results among inexperienced surveyors.Most studies have assessed whether instruments were significantly different.These tests do not indicate whether instruments were statistically equivalent,i.e.,that choosing either one would be acceptable under a certain level of tolerance.This study evaluated the consistency and statistical equivalence among instruments for measuring diameter at breast height(DBH)and for total tree height(HT)among inexperienced surveyors.The study was conducted as a randomized experiment with students from an introductory tree measurement course,using four types of DBH and HT instruments,and with different tree attributes.For DBH,the results show that D-tape was the most consistent across tree attributes and teams of inexperienced surveyors and was only statistically interchangeable with Caliper with a tolerance≥3 cm.For HT,Ultrasound was the most consistent but only statistically interchangeable with Laser with a tolerance≥8 m.A single type of instrument for measuring DBH and for HT is recommended,especially when field crews may be a mixture of experienced and inexperienced surveyors.Our study provides initial recommendations on the choice of instruments when either purchasing new ones or replacing old ones in forest inventories.展开更多
The concept of TNT(Trinitrotoluene,C_7H_5N_3O_6)equivalence is often invoked to evaluate the performance and predict the explosion parameters of different types of explosives.However,due to its low prediction accuracy...The concept of TNT(Trinitrotoluene,C_7H_5N_3O_6)equivalence is often invoked to evaluate the performance and predict the explosion parameters of different types of explosives.However,due to its low prediction accuracy and limited application range,the use of TNT equivalence for predicting explosion parameters in a confined space is rare.Compared with explosions in free fields,the process of explosive energy release in a confined space is closely related to various factors such as oxygen balance,combustible components content,and surrounding oxygen content.Studies have shown that in a confined space,negative oxygen balance explosives react with surrounding oxygen during afterburning,resulting in additional energy release and enhanced blast effects.The mechanism of energy release during afterburning is highly complex,making it challenging to determine the TNT equivalence for blast effects in a confined space.Therefore,this remains an active area of research.In this study,internal blast experiments were conducted using TNT and three other explosives under both air and N_2(Nitrogen)conditions to obtain explosion parameters including blast wave overpressure,quasi-static pressure,and temperature.The influences of oxygen balance and external oxygen content on energy release are analyzed.The author proposes principles for determining TNT equivalence for internal explosions while verifying the accuracy of obtained blast parameters through calculations based on TNT equivalence.These findings can serve as references for predicting blast performance.展开更多
We classify condensable𝐸E_(2)-algebras in a modular tensor category C up to 2-Morita equivalence.Physically,this classification provides an explicit criterion to determine when distinct condensable𝐸E_(...We classify condensable𝐸E_(2)-algebras in a modular tensor category C up to 2-Morita equivalence.Physically,this classification provides an explicit criterion to determine when distinct condensable𝐸E_(2)-algebras yield the same condensed topological phase under a two-dimensional anyon condensation process.The relations between different condensable algebras can be translated into their module categories,interpreted physically as gapped domain walls in topological orders.As concrete examples,we interpret the categories of quantum doubles of finite groups and examples beyond group symmetries.Our framework fully elucidates the interplay among condensable𝐸E_(1)-algebras in C,condensable𝐸E_(2)-algebras in C up to 2-Morita equivalence,and Lagrangian algebras in C⊠C.展开更多
Storm surge events(SSEs)involve multiple hazard-causing factors,such as surges,extreme rainfall,strong winds,waves,and ocean currents,which have destructive impacts on coastal regions.For a quantitative multi-hazard a...Storm surge events(SSEs)involve multiple hazard-causing factors,such as surges,extreme rainfall,strong winds,waves,and ocean currents,which have destructive impacts on coastal regions.For a quantitative multi-hazard assessment of SSEs,this study introduced the concept of the storm surge event seawater-atmosphere system(SSE-SAS)and proposed the system energy equivalence(SEE)model from a systemic energy perspective.SEE was obtained by employing a parameterization approach,and the hazard index(HI)and the concept of most significant hazard(MSH)were adopted to evaluate the severity of SSE-SAS.SEE at five stations in the Shandong Peninsula was calculated from 2005 to 2019,and probability analysis and hazard assessment were further conducted.Results show that the SEE of SSE-SAS ranges from 0.029×10^(3) to 30.418×10^(3) J/m^(2),and it exhibits an insignificant decreasing trend from 2005 to 2019.The SEE of SSE-SAS in the west of the Shandong Peninsula is greater than that in the east.Moreover,storm waves,storm surges,and storm rainfall are the major contributors to SEE,which exhibit different spatial patterns and characters in different SSE-SAS types.The HI of SSE-SAS at five stations is no more than medium hazard level,with MSH at return periods of 2-to 4-year level.This study provides a new approach for quantifying multi-hazard SSEs,which offers scientific insights for regional multi-hazard risk reduction and mitigation efforts.展开更多
The concept of equivalence,which expresses the relations between the source text and the target text in the translation process,can be defined as finding the closest equivalent of the source text in the target text.In...The concept of equivalence,which expresses the relations between the source text and the target text in the translation process,can be defined as finding the closest equivalent of the source text in the target text.In order for the translated text to have the same taste in the target language,the equivalence between the two languages should be good.Many novels have been translated from English to Arabic.This translation was translated from English to Arabic.Jane Eyre is in the Victorian England.The novel is about love between two people of different classes,underlining the pressures,class distinction,male domination in society.Jane Eyre,who was one of the first novels about women’s freedom and rights,is also one of the most important works of romanticism.The author was inspired by his own life.In this study,language plays in Arabic translation of famous novelist Charlotte Bronte’s Jane Eyre were examined in terms of equivalence.In addition to semantic,syntactic,linguistic,and stylistic dimensions,translation of language games such as proverb,idiom,metaphor,personification,and comparison,which are the main material of a decorated language,is emphasized and their equivalence is interpreted in the light of the theories of translation.The analysis of the selected sample sentences from the novel within the context of translation criticism shows that the translator preserves the form and content of the source text in a significant way and provides a translation equivalent to the original in terms of linguistic,syntactic,and semantic.The Arabic reader seems to be able to understand the language games in English in a similar way in their own language.展开更多
This paper briefly presents a study of the relationship between English and Chinese, which is put forward from the point of the equivalence in both languages. By observing and analyzing the examples in the parts of fu...This paper briefly presents a study of the relationship between English and Chinese, which is put forward from the point of the equivalence in both languages. By observing and analyzing the examples in the parts of full equivalence and partial equivalence, we can surely conclude that English and Chinese have close relationship with each other. However, the equivalence reflected in the languages is, to some extent, greatly influenced by their respective culture, which still needs us to do more research about it.展开更多
Both Chinese and English are rich in idioms, which contain abundant cultural information.There are many similarities between English and Chinese language, which make English idiom translation possible. However,due to ...Both Chinese and English are rich in idioms, which contain abundant cultural information.There are many similarities between English and Chinese language, which make English idiom translation possible. However,due to their totally different linguistic and cultural systems, idioms used in Chinese and English differ considerably, which make English idiom translation difficult.This paper focuses on the study ofEnglish idiomtranslation under the guidance offunctional equivalence theory. The purpose of this study is to point out what should be considered in the process of English idiom translationby summarizingthe translation principles and skills.展开更多
Orally inhaled drug products(OIPs),such as corticosteroids and bronchodilators,are at the forefront of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease treatments,two diseases that afflict worldwide populations.Introd...Orally inhaled drug products(OIPs),such as corticosteroids and bronchodilators,are at the forefront of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease treatments,two diseases that afflict worldwide populations.Introducing generics of these products is essential,as the pricing of these medications remain a barrier to adequate patient care.Currently,there is no consensus between regulatory bodies as to the bioequivalence and equivalence requirements of OIPs that are intended for local action in the lungs.This manuscript critically reviews these requirements and presents future directions for clinicians,scientists,and regulators to consider to optimize the development and approval of OIPs.展开更多
Dynamic Equivalence and Skopos Theory are two important translation theories in the fields of translation, which many scholars spare no efforts to research on. This short essay intends to compare and complement betwee...Dynamic Equivalence and Skopos Theory are two important translation theories in the fields of translation, which many scholars spare no efforts to research on. This short essay intends to compare and complement between Nida's Dynamic Equivalence and Skopos theory after briefly reviewing these two translation theories. It is aimed for helping readers improve their translation skills via stimulating them to consider translation issues from different angles, such as the nature of translation, the target of translation, translation market, cultural constrains, translation process, translation effects, and etc. And this essay focuses on Nida's Dynamic Equivalence and Skopos theory, a part of functional theories via comparing and harmonizing these two translation theories.展开更多
Ever since the 1970s when Chinese American writers thrived from a marginal position and integrated into the mainstream of American literature, the study on Chinese American Literature has received more and more attent...Ever since the 1970s when Chinese American writers thrived from a marginal position and integrated into the mainstream of American literature, the study on Chinese American Literature has received more and more attention from the academic circles. However, the research on this newly emerging subject in the field of translation studies has not been treated with equal attention. This thesis attempts to propose a possible strategy to translate Chinese American works, based on the theory of ＂functional equivalence＂, taking the comparison of the 2 Chinese versions of TAN＇s The Joy Luck Club as an example.展开更多
The paper discusses the application of the thematic theory and theinformation equivalence to English-Chinese translation.It first probes into thetraditional way of translating and points out its weaknesses.Then,it int...The paper discusses the application of the thematic theory and theinformation equivalence to English-Chinese translation.It first probes into thetraditional way of translating and points out its weaknesses.Then,it interprets thesignificance of achieving thematic equivalence and information equivalence in English-Chinese translating.Finally,it presents a lot of examples to show how the research isapplied to the translation of various clause structures from English into Chinese so as towin equivalence translation.展开更多
Both the English and Chinese languages enjoy prolonged history and abound with idioms,which are the linguistic and intellectual essence of their people.But due to the differences in geography,history,religion,custom a...Both the English and Chinese languages enjoy prolonged history and abound with idioms,which are the linguistic and intellectual essence of their people.But due to the differences in geography,history,religion,custom and other aspects of life,English and Chinese idioms serve as carriers of different cultural characteristic.As a result,cultural barriers often pose quite a difficulty for translation theory and practice.Therefore,as we understand and translate idioms of one language into another,the problems of how to retain the original image,style,flavor,characteristics,and how to overcome the misunderstandings between the two cultures constitute the most pressing issues.This paper aims to explore some reasons and strategies of non equivalence of idioms in translation.展开更多
Functional equivalence,a focus in the translation studies,has been bombarded with numerous criticisms.Meanwhile,relevance translation theory,proposed by Ernst-August Gutt,offers a united theoretical framework for tran...Functional equivalence,a focus in the translation studies,has been bombarded with numerous criticisms.Meanwhile,relevance translation theory,proposed by Ernst-August Gutt,offers a united theoretical framework for translation studies.The development of the translation theories does not rely on the appearance of a brand-new theory,but on the successful connection among various theories.To split or to unify,it is a question and it will direct the further development of translation studies.Analyzing the similarities and differences between these two theories,the author are striving for a unity of them and striking a better way to approach translation studies.展开更多
We consider the local unitary equivalence of a class of quantum states in a bipartite case and a multipartite case. The necessary and sufficient condition is presented. As special cases, the local unitary equivalent c...We consider the local unitary equivalence of a class of quantum states in a bipartite case and a multipartite case. The necessary and sufficient condition is presented. As special cases, the local unitary equivalent classes of isotropic state and Werner state are provided. Then we study the local unitary similar equivalence of this class of quantum states and analyze the necessary and sufficient condition.展开更多
Politeness Principle is a seminal principle in pragmatic studies;research on politeness almost goes hand in hand with the blooming of pragmatics as an important branch in linguistics.Based their respective languages,b...Politeness Principle is a seminal principle in pragmatic studies;research on politeness almost goes hand in hand with the blooming of pragmatics as an important branch in linguistics.Based their respective languages,both Chinese and western scholars,with Gu Yueguo,Leech and Levinson etc.as their representatives,have voiced their ideas in this field.It is the fact that politeness theory is closely linked with homogeneity and heterogeneity of languages that makes "politeness equivalence" an important criterion of "functional equivalence".This paper is designed to carry out a research on politeness equivalence in translation.The whole paper is divided into four parts:the first part is the introduction;in the second part,the author introduces typical politeness theories both home and abroad;the third part,with The Fortress Besieged as a frame of reference,is devoted to a survey of the application of politeness theory in translation;the last part is the summary of this paper.展开更多
Equivalence can be said to be the central issue in translation although its different approaches have caused heated controversy.However,as early as the 1970s,the Skopostheorie emerged in Germany,and it seemed to chall...Equivalence can be said to be the central issue in translation although its different approaches have caused heated controversy.However,as early as the 1970s,the Skopostheorie emerged in Germany,and it seemed to challenge the equivalence theories.Although Nida and some linguistics raised some negative problems of this theory,it still rapidly became famous around the world,This article will mainly compare and analyse Skopostheorie and Baker's translation equivalence approach.First,it will give a simple overview of these two approaches.Second,it will discuss the relevant strengths and weaknesses of these two approaches in relation to their usage.Finally,it will discuss combining these two approaches in the same translation.展开更多
Children's literature being a unique type of literary at a peripheral position,it is difficult for translators to reappear itsessence in the target text,due to the diverse cultures and language conventions.Since F...Children's literature being a unique type of literary at a peripheral position,it is difficult for translators to reappear itsessence in the target text,due to the diverse cultures and language conventions.Since Functional Equivalence Theory emphasizesthe functional equivalence between ST and TL which provides a new idea and method for literary translation,the thesis makes ananalysis of the Chinese version of Charlotte's Web.This comes from the perspective of Functional Equivalence Theory so as to dis-cusses whether Functional Equivalence Theory is effective in the translation of children's literature,and how has it been em-ployed.The thesis hopes that children's literature will be paid more attention,and the prosperity of children's literature transla-tion will be promoted.展开更多
Morita equivalence was established by Morita in the late 1950’s. In part one most of the recent developments in this theory on the categories of modules over rings were reviewed and some results were presented. Here ...Morita equivalence was established by Morita in the late 1950’s. In part one most of the recent developments in this theory on the categories of modules over rings were reviewed and some results were presented. Here this paper discusses those on categories of comodules over coalgebras, these results are due to Ling, Takeuchi and Wang.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(12271154)the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(2022JJ30234)the Postgraduate Scientific Research Innovation Project of Hunan Province(CX20231032)。
文摘The zero coprime system equivalence is one of important research in the theory of multidimensional system equivalence,and is closely related to zero coprime equivalence of multivariate polynomial matrices.We first discuss the relation between zero coprime equivalence and unimodular equivalence for polynomial matrices.Then,we investigate the zero coprime equivalence problem for several classes of polynomial matrices,some novel findings and criteria on reducing these matrices to their Smith normal forms are obtained.Finally,an example is provided to illustrate the main results.
文摘Primary challenges with a forest inventory program are surveyors with various levels of experience and the turnover of inexperienced surveyors.Few studies have looked at the consistency of an instrument’s results among inexperienced surveyors.Most studies have assessed whether instruments were significantly different.These tests do not indicate whether instruments were statistically equivalent,i.e.,that choosing either one would be acceptable under a certain level of tolerance.This study evaluated the consistency and statistical equivalence among instruments for measuring diameter at breast height(DBH)and for total tree height(HT)among inexperienced surveyors.The study was conducted as a randomized experiment with students from an introductory tree measurement course,using four types of DBH and HT instruments,and with different tree attributes.For DBH,the results show that D-tape was the most consistent across tree attributes and teams of inexperienced surveyors and was only statistically interchangeable with Caliper with a tolerance≥3 cm.For HT,Ultrasound was the most consistent but only statistically interchangeable with Laser with a tolerance≥8 m.A single type of instrument for measuring DBH and for HT is recommended,especially when field crews may be a mixture of experienced and inexperienced surveyors.Our study provides initial recommendations on the choice of instruments when either purchasing new ones or replacing old ones in forest inventories.
文摘The concept of TNT(Trinitrotoluene,C_7H_5N_3O_6)equivalence is often invoked to evaluate the performance and predict the explosion parameters of different types of explosives.However,due to its low prediction accuracy and limited application range,the use of TNT equivalence for predicting explosion parameters in a confined space is rare.Compared with explosions in free fields,the process of explosive energy release in a confined space is closely related to various factors such as oxygen balance,combustible components content,and surrounding oxygen content.Studies have shown that in a confined space,negative oxygen balance explosives react with surrounding oxygen during afterburning,resulting in additional energy release and enhanced blast effects.The mechanism of energy release during afterburning is highly complex,making it challenging to determine the TNT equivalence for blast effects in a confined space.Therefore,this remains an active area of research.In this study,internal blast experiments were conducted using TNT and three other explosives under both air and N_2(Nitrogen)conditions to obtain explosion parameters including blast wave overpressure,quasi-static pressure,and temperature.The influences of oxygen balance and external oxygen content on energy release are analyzed.The author proposes principles for determining TNT equivalence for internal explosions while verifying the accuracy of obtained blast parameters through calculations based on TNT equivalence.These findings can serve as references for predicting blast performance.
基金supported by Research Grants Council(RGC),University Grants Committee(UGC)of Hong Kong(ECS No.24304722)。
文摘We classify condensable𝐸E_(2)-algebras in a modular tensor category C up to 2-Morita equivalence.Physically,this classification provides an explicit criterion to determine when distinct condensable𝐸E_(2)-algebras yield the same condensed topological phase under a two-dimensional anyon condensation process.The relations between different condensable algebras can be translated into their module categories,interpreted physically as gapped domain walls in topological orders.As concrete examples,we interpret the categories of quantum doubles of finite groups and examples beyond group symmetries.Our framework fully elucidates the interplay among condensable𝐸E_(1)-algebras in C,condensable𝐸E_(2)-algebras in C up to 2-Morita equivalence,and Lagrangian algebras in C⊠C.
基金supported by the Key Laboratory of Coastal Science and Integrated Management,Ministry of Natural Resources(No.2022COSIMQ002)the Shandong Provincial Social Science Planning Research Project(No.22CXSXJ15)+1 种基金the Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science,Guangxi Academy of Sciences(No.GXKLHY21-04)the Hainan Province Marxism Project General Program(No.2023HNMGC03).
文摘Storm surge events(SSEs)involve multiple hazard-causing factors,such as surges,extreme rainfall,strong winds,waves,and ocean currents,which have destructive impacts on coastal regions.For a quantitative multi-hazard assessment of SSEs,this study introduced the concept of the storm surge event seawater-atmosphere system(SSE-SAS)and proposed the system energy equivalence(SEE)model from a systemic energy perspective.SEE was obtained by employing a parameterization approach,and the hazard index(HI)and the concept of most significant hazard(MSH)were adopted to evaluate the severity of SSE-SAS.SEE at five stations in the Shandong Peninsula was calculated from 2005 to 2019,and probability analysis and hazard assessment were further conducted.Results show that the SEE of SSE-SAS ranges from 0.029×10^(3) to 30.418×10^(3) J/m^(2),and it exhibits an insignificant decreasing trend from 2005 to 2019.The SEE of SSE-SAS in the west of the Shandong Peninsula is greater than that in the east.Moreover,storm waves,storm surges,and storm rainfall are the major contributors to SEE,which exhibit different spatial patterns and characters in different SSE-SAS types.The HI of SSE-SAS at five stations is no more than medium hazard level,with MSH at return periods of 2-to 4-year level.This study provides a new approach for quantifying multi-hazard SSEs,which offers scientific insights for regional multi-hazard risk reduction and mitigation efforts.
文摘The concept of equivalence,which expresses the relations between the source text and the target text in the translation process,can be defined as finding the closest equivalent of the source text in the target text.In order for the translated text to have the same taste in the target language,the equivalence between the two languages should be good.Many novels have been translated from English to Arabic.This translation was translated from English to Arabic.Jane Eyre is in the Victorian England.The novel is about love between two people of different classes,underlining the pressures,class distinction,male domination in society.Jane Eyre,who was one of the first novels about women’s freedom and rights,is also one of the most important works of romanticism.The author was inspired by his own life.In this study,language plays in Arabic translation of famous novelist Charlotte Bronte’s Jane Eyre were examined in terms of equivalence.In addition to semantic,syntactic,linguistic,and stylistic dimensions,translation of language games such as proverb,idiom,metaphor,personification,and comparison,which are the main material of a decorated language,is emphasized and their equivalence is interpreted in the light of the theories of translation.The analysis of the selected sample sentences from the novel within the context of translation criticism shows that the translator preserves the form and content of the source text in a significant way and provides a translation equivalent to the original in terms of linguistic,syntactic,and semantic.The Arabic reader seems to be able to understand the language games in English in a similar way in their own language.
文摘This paper briefly presents a study of the relationship between English and Chinese, which is put forward from the point of the equivalence in both languages. By observing and analyzing the examples in the parts of full equivalence and partial equivalence, we can surely conclude that English and Chinese have close relationship with each other. However, the equivalence reflected in the languages is, to some extent, greatly influenced by their respective culture, which still needs us to do more research about it.
文摘Both Chinese and English are rich in idioms, which contain abundant cultural information.There are many similarities between English and Chinese language, which make English idiom translation possible. However,due to their totally different linguistic and cultural systems, idioms used in Chinese and English differ considerably, which make English idiom translation difficult.This paper focuses on the study ofEnglish idiomtranslation under the guidance offunctional equivalence theory. The purpose of this study is to point out what should be considered in the process of English idiom translationby summarizingthe translation principles and skills.
文摘Orally inhaled drug products(OIPs),such as corticosteroids and bronchodilators,are at the forefront of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease treatments,two diseases that afflict worldwide populations.Introducing generics of these products is essential,as the pricing of these medications remain a barrier to adequate patient care.Currently,there is no consensus between regulatory bodies as to the bioequivalence and equivalence requirements of OIPs that are intended for local action in the lungs.This manuscript critically reviews these requirements and presents future directions for clinicians,scientists,and regulators to consider to optimize the development and approval of OIPs.
文摘Dynamic Equivalence and Skopos Theory are two important translation theories in the fields of translation, which many scholars spare no efforts to research on. This short essay intends to compare and complement between Nida's Dynamic Equivalence and Skopos theory after briefly reviewing these two translation theories. It is aimed for helping readers improve their translation skills via stimulating them to consider translation issues from different angles, such as the nature of translation, the target of translation, translation market, cultural constrains, translation process, translation effects, and etc. And this essay focuses on Nida's Dynamic Equivalence and Skopos theory, a part of functional theories via comparing and harmonizing these two translation theories.
文摘Ever since the 1970s when Chinese American writers thrived from a marginal position and integrated into the mainstream of American literature, the study on Chinese American Literature has received more and more attention from the academic circles. However, the research on this newly emerging subject in the field of translation studies has not been treated with equal attention. This thesis attempts to propose a possible strategy to translate Chinese American works, based on the theory of ＂functional equivalence＂, taking the comparison of the 2 Chinese versions of TAN＇s The Joy Luck Club as an example.
文摘The paper discusses the application of the thematic theory and theinformation equivalence to English-Chinese translation.It first probes into thetraditional way of translating and points out its weaknesses.Then,it interprets thesignificance of achieving thematic equivalence and information equivalence in English-Chinese translating.Finally,it presents a lot of examples to show how the research isapplied to the translation of various clause structures from English into Chinese so as towin equivalence translation.
文摘Both the English and Chinese languages enjoy prolonged history and abound with idioms,which are the linguistic and intellectual essence of their people.But due to the differences in geography,history,religion,custom and other aspects of life,English and Chinese idioms serve as carriers of different cultural characteristic.As a result,cultural barriers often pose quite a difficulty for translation theory and practice.Therefore,as we understand and translate idioms of one language into another,the problems of how to retain the original image,style,flavor,characteristics,and how to overcome the misunderstandings between the two cultures constitute the most pressing issues.This paper aims to explore some reasons and strategies of non equivalence of idioms in translation.
文摘Functional equivalence,a focus in the translation studies,has been bombarded with numerous criticisms.Meanwhile,relevance translation theory,proposed by Ernst-August Gutt,offers a united theoretical framework for translation studies.The development of the translation theories does not rely on the appearance of a brand-new theory,but on the successful connection among various theories.To split or to unify,it is a question and it will direct the further development of translation studies.Analyzing the similarities and differences between these two theories,the author are striving for a unity of them and striking a better way to approach translation studies.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.1140103261473325+9 种基金115011531110522611275131and 11401106)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central UniversitiesChina(Grant Nos.15CX08011A and 24720122013)the Natural Science Foundation of Hainan ProvinceChina(Grant Nos.20151005 and 20151010)the Scientific Research Foundation for the Returned Overseas Chinese ScholarsState Education Ministry
文摘We consider the local unitary equivalence of a class of quantum states in a bipartite case and a multipartite case. The necessary and sufficient condition is presented. As special cases, the local unitary equivalent classes of isotropic state and Werner state are provided. Then we study the local unitary similar equivalence of this class of quantum states and analyze the necessary and sufficient condition.
文摘Politeness Principle is a seminal principle in pragmatic studies;research on politeness almost goes hand in hand with the blooming of pragmatics as an important branch in linguistics.Based their respective languages,both Chinese and western scholars,with Gu Yueguo,Leech and Levinson etc.as their representatives,have voiced their ideas in this field.It is the fact that politeness theory is closely linked with homogeneity and heterogeneity of languages that makes "politeness equivalence" an important criterion of "functional equivalence".This paper is designed to carry out a research on politeness equivalence in translation.The whole paper is divided into four parts:the first part is the introduction;in the second part,the author introduces typical politeness theories both home and abroad;the third part,with The Fortress Besieged as a frame of reference,is devoted to a survey of the application of politeness theory in translation;the last part is the summary of this paper.
文摘Equivalence can be said to be the central issue in translation although its different approaches have caused heated controversy.However,as early as the 1970s,the Skopostheorie emerged in Germany,and it seemed to challenge the equivalence theories.Although Nida and some linguistics raised some negative problems of this theory,it still rapidly became famous around the world,This article will mainly compare and analyse Skopostheorie and Baker's translation equivalence approach.First,it will give a simple overview of these two approaches.Second,it will discuss the relevant strengths and weaknesses of these two approaches in relation to their usage.Finally,it will discuss combining these two approaches in the same translation.
文摘Children's literature being a unique type of literary at a peripheral position,it is difficult for translators to reappear itsessence in the target text,due to the diverse cultures and language conventions.Since Functional Equivalence Theory emphasizesthe functional equivalence between ST and TL which provides a new idea and method for literary translation,the thesis makes ananalysis of the Chinese version of Charlotte's Web.This comes from the perspective of Functional Equivalence Theory so as to dis-cusses whether Functional Equivalence Theory is effective in the translation of children's literature,and how has it been em-ployed.The thesis hopes that children's literature will be paid more attention,and the prosperity of children's literature transla-tion will be promoted.
文摘Morita equivalence was established by Morita in the late 1950’s. In part one most of the recent developments in this theory on the categories of modules over rings were reviewed and some results were presented. Here this paper discusses those on categories of comodules over coalgebras, these results are due to Ling, Takeuchi and Wang.
