Using a modified subgradient extragradient algorithm, this paper proposed a novel approach to solving a supply chain network equilibrium model. The method extends the scope of optimisation and improves the accuracy at...Using a modified subgradient extragradient algorithm, this paper proposed a novel approach to solving a supply chain network equilibrium model. The method extends the scope of optimisation and improves the accuracy at each iteration by incorporating adaptive parameter selection and a more general subgradient projection operator. The advantages of the proposed method are highlighted by the proof of strong convergence presented in the paper. Several concrete examples are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the algorithm, with comparisons illustrating its superior CPU running time compared to alternative techniques. The practical applicability of the algorithm is also demonstrated by applying it to a realistic supply chain network model.展开更多
Taking AuCu3-type sublattice system as an example, three discoveries have been presented: First, the third barrier hindering the progress in metal materials science is that researchers have got used to recognizing exp...Taking AuCu3-type sublattice system as an example, three discoveries have been presented: First, the third barrier hindering the progress in metal materials science is that researchers have got used to recognizing experimental phenomena of alloy phase transitions during extremely slow variation in temperature by equilibrium thinking mode and then taking erroneous knowledge of experimental phenomena as selected information for establishing Gibbs energy function and so-called equilibrium phase diagram. Second, the equilibrium holographic network phase diagrams of AuCu3-type sublattice system may be used to describe systematic correlativity of the composition?temperature-dependent alloy gene arranging structures and complete thermodynamic properties, and to be a standard for studying experimental subequilibrium order-disorder transition. Third, the equilibrium transition of each alloy is a homogeneous single-phase rather than a heterogeneous two-phase, and there exists a single-phase boundary curve without two-phase region of the ordered and disordered phases; the composition and temperature of the top point on the phase-boundary curve are far away from the ones of the critical point of the AuCu3 compound.展开更多
Taking Au3Cu-type sublattice system as an example, three discoveries have been presented. First, the fourth barrier to hinder the progress of metal materials science is that today’s researchers do not understand that...Taking Au3Cu-type sublattice system as an example, three discoveries have been presented. First, the fourth barrier to hinder the progress of metal materials science is that today’s researchers do not understand that the Gibbs energy function of an alloy phase should be derived from Gibbs energy partition function constructed of alloy gene sequence and their Gibbs energy sequence. Second, the six rules for establishing alloy gene Gibbs energy partition function have been discovered, and it has been specially proved that the probabilities of structure units occupied at the Gibbs energy levels in the degeneracy factor for calculating configuration entropy should be degenerated as ones of component atoms occupied at the lattice points. Third, the main characteristics unexpected by today’s researchers are as follows. There exists a single-phase boundary curve without two-phase region coexisting by the ordered and disordered phases. The composition and temperature of the top point on the phase-boundary curve are far away from those of the critical point of the Au3Cu compound; At 0 K, the composition of the lowest point on the composition-dependent Gibbs energy curve is notably deviated from that of the Au3Cu compounds. The theoretical limit composition range of long range ordered Au3Cu-type alloys is determined by the first jumping order degree.展开更多
A chaotic algorithm for providing a solution to the bi-level Discrete Equilibrium Network Design Problem （NDP） is discussed following an introduction of the Discrete Network Design Problem （DNDP） model and Chaos O...A chaotic algorithm for providing a solution to the bi-level Discrete Equilibrium Network Design Problem （NDP） is discussed following an introduction of the Discrete Network Design Problem （DNDP） model and Chaos Optimization Algorithms （COA）. A description of the chaotic approach for the DNDP model is described in details. Then a numerical example for the DNDP is carried out to investigate the chaotic approach. The results have been encouraging, indicating that the chaotic approach has great potential ability in finding the optimal solution of DNDP models.展开更多
Contract is a common and effective mechanism for supply chain coordination,which has been studied extensively in recent years.For a supply chain network model,contracts can be used to coordinate it because it is too i...Contract is a common and effective mechanism for supply chain coordination,which has been studied extensively in recent years.For a supply chain network model,contracts can be used to coordinate it because it is too ideal to obtain the network equilibrium state in practical market competition.In order to achieve equilibrium,we introduce revenue sharing contract into a supply chain network equilibrium model with random demand in this paper.Then,we investigate the influence on this network equilibrium state from demand disruptions caused by unexpected emergencies.When demand disruptions happen,the supply chain network equilibrium state will be broken and change to a new one,so the decision makers need to adjust the contract parameters to achieve the new coordinated state through bargaining.Finally,a numerical example with a sudden demand increase as a result of emergent event is provided for illustrative purposes.展开更多
In this paper, we demonstrate that the eco-industrial network equilibrium model of link flow version previously introduced can be reformulated as a transportation network equilibrium problem of path flow version. Then...In this paper, we demonstrate that the eco-industrial network equilibrium model of link flow version previously introduced can be reformulated as a transportation network equilibrium problem of path flow version. Then, some methodological tools mainly applied in the field of transportation science can be used to discuss the eco-industrial chain network problem. What the highlighted contribution lies in is that the paper not only expands theory of supply chain model with reducing path flow but also generalizes the traditional transportation network equilibrium problem by new applications.展开更多
In this paper, a bi-level formulation of the continuous network design problem (NDP) is proposed on the basis of logit stochastic user equilibrium (SUE) assignment with elastic demand. The model determines the link ca...In this paper, a bi-level formulation of the continuous network design problem (NDP) is proposed on the basis of logit stochastic user equilibrium (SUE) assignment with elastic demand. The model determines the link capacity improvements by maximizing net economic benefit while considering changes in demand and traffic distribution in network. The derivatives of equilibrium link flows and objective function with respect to capacity expansion variables, which are analytically derived, can be computed without having to first find path choice information. These derivatives are employed to develop a quasi Newton algorithm with the BFG S (Broyden- Fletcher- Goldfarb-Shanno) formula for solving the nonlinear, nonconvex but differentiable SUE-constrained network design problem. The SUE assignment with elastic demand is solved by using the method of successive averages in conjunction with Bell’s matrix inversion logit assignment method. Simple and complex example networks are presented to illustrate the model and the algorithm.展开更多
Having criticized the current architecture of Advanced Traveler Information Systems （ATISs）, this work discusses a new base of requirements to develop a new paradigm for traffic information systems. It mainly integr...Having criticized the current architecture of Advanced Traveler Information Systems （ATISs）, this work discusses a new base of requirements to develop a new paradigm for traffic information systems. It mainly integrates three dimensions within a traffic system： drivers＇ pattern of behavior and preferences, urban traffic desires, and capabilities of traffic information service providers. Based on the above, functional segments from several related backgrounds are brought together to structure a new architecture, called Interactive Traveler Information System （ITIS）. The main interactive feature of this new architecture is a two-way communication track between drivers and the traffic information system provider-in fact, a decision on choosing a road at a particular time for an individual will be made based on the utility of both sides. This new configuration consists of driver-side smartphone application, centric traffic prediction, and decision-maker units, which will shape a new approach of decision-making processes. These all work together to satisfy the designated goal of ITIS, which is preserving the Wardrop equilibrium condition in the traffic network level. Finally, we concentrate on a comparison study, which shows a differentiation between performance of the proposed ITIS and the current ATIS model in a real situation. This has been done with simulations of analogical scenarios. The most noticeable advantage of the proposed architecture is not being limited to a saturation limit, and the positive effect of increasing system penetration in the performance of the newly introduced information system. In conclusion, new research subjects are suggested to be carried out.展开更多
Plasma equilibrium parameters such as position, X-point, internal inductance, and poloidal beta are essential information for efficient and safe operation of tokamak. In this work, the artificial neural network is use...Plasma equilibrium parameters such as position, X-point, internal inductance, and poloidal beta are essential information for efficient and safe operation of tokamak. In this work, the artificial neural network is used to establish a non-linear relationship between the measured diagnostic signals and selected equilibrium parameters. The estimation process is split into a preliminary classification of the kind of equilibrium(limiter or divertor) and subsequent inference of the equilibrium parameters. The training and testing datasets are generated by the tokamak simulation code(TSC), which has been benchmarked with the EAST experimental data. The noise immunity of the inference model is tested. Adding noise to model inputs during training process is proved to have a certain ability for maintaining performance.展开更多
In this paper, the wavelength-routed WDM network was analyzed for the dynamic case where the arrival of anycast requests was modeled by a state-dependent Poisson process. The equilibrium analysis was also given with t...In this paper, the wavelength-routed WDM network was analyzed for the dynamic case where the arrival of anycast requests was modeled by a state-dependent Poisson process. The equilibrium analysis was also given with the UWNC algorithm.展开更多
A closed-loop supply chain network equilibrium problem is examined,which consists of mutual competitive manufacturers with production capacity constraints and retailers with fuzzy market demands,mutual competitive col...A closed-loop supply chain network equilibrium problem is examined,which consists of mutual competitive manufacturers with production capacity constraints and retailers with fuzzy market demands,mutual competitive collectors as well as a binding price ceiling of the commodities.By utilizing the credibility measure of fuzzy event,variational inequality and Lagrange dual theory,the optimum behaviors of manufactures,retailers,collectors and consumers are described.Therefore,the supply chain network equilibrium model is established.Numerical examples were given to illustrate the impact of production capacity constraints and price ceiling on the network equilibrium pattern.The results show that the shortage of commodities in consumer market will be more serious,the wholesale price of product and purchase price of waste products rise,the profits of retailers decrease,the profits of manufacturers and collectors increase as the government gradually reduce the binding price ceiling on competitive markets,and the trend will be more obvious in the existence of production capacity constraints at same time.展开更多
Based on the framework of method of successive averages(MSA), a modified stochastic user-equilibrium assignment algorithm was proposed, which can be used to calculate the passenger flow distribution of urban rail tran...Based on the framework of method of successive averages(MSA), a modified stochastic user-equilibrium assignment algorithm was proposed, which can be used to calculate the passenger flow distribution of urban rail transit(URT) under network operation. In order to describe the congestion's impact to passengers' route choices, a generalized cost function with in-vehicle congestion was set up. Building on the k-th shortest path algorithm, a method for generating choice set with time constraint was embedded, considering the characteristics of network operation. A simple but efficient route choice model, which was derived from travel surveys for URT passengers in China, was introduced to perform the stochastic network loading at each iteration in the algorithm. Initial tests on the URT network in Shanghai City show that the methodology, with rational calculation time, promises to compute more precisely the passenger flow distribution of URT under network operation, compared with those practical algorithms used in today's China.展开更多
Taking Au?Cu system as an example, three discoveries and two methods were presented. First, a new way for boosting sustainable progress of systematic metal materials science (SMMS) and alloy gene engineering (AGE) is ...Taking Au?Cu system as an example, three discoveries and two methods were presented. First, a new way for boosting sustainable progress of systematic metal materials science (SMMS) and alloy gene engineering (AGE) is to establish holographic alloy positioning design (HAPD) system, of which the base consists of measurement and calculation center, SMMS center, AGE center, HAPD information center and HAPD cybernation center; Second, the resonance activating-sychro alternating mechanism of atom movement may be divided into the located and oriented diffuse modes; Third, the equilibrium and subequilibrium holographic network phase diagrams are blueprints and operable platform for researchers to discover, design, manufacture and deploy advanced alloys, which are obtained respectively by the equilibrium lever numerical method and cross point numerical method of isothermal Gibbs energy curves. As clicking each network point, the holographic information of three structure levels for the designed alloy may be readily obtained: the phase constitution and fraction, phase arranging structure and properties of organization; the composition, alloy gene arranging structure and properties of each phase and the electronic structures and properties of alloy genes. It will create a new era for network designing advanced alloys.展开更多
文摘Using a modified subgradient extragradient algorithm, this paper proposed a novel approach to solving a supply chain network equilibrium model. The method extends the scope of optimisation and improves the accuracy at each iteration by incorporating adaptive parameter selection and a more general subgradient projection operator. The advantages of the proposed method are highlighted by the proof of strong convergence presented in the paper. Several concrete examples are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the algorithm, with comparisons illustrating its superior CPU running time compared to alternative techniques. The practical applicability of the algorithm is also demonstrated by applying it to a realistic supply chain network model.
基金Project(51071181)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2013FJ4043)supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province,China
文摘Taking AuCu3-type sublattice system as an example, three discoveries have been presented: First, the third barrier hindering the progress in metal materials science is that researchers have got used to recognizing experimental phenomena of alloy phase transitions during extremely slow variation in temperature by equilibrium thinking mode and then taking erroneous knowledge of experimental phenomena as selected information for establishing Gibbs energy function and so-called equilibrium phase diagram. Second, the equilibrium holographic network phase diagrams of AuCu3-type sublattice system may be used to describe systematic correlativity of the composition?temperature-dependent alloy gene arranging structures and complete thermodynamic properties, and to be a standard for studying experimental subequilibrium order-disorder transition. Third, the equilibrium transition of each alloy is a homogeneous single-phase rather than a heterogeneous two-phase, and there exists a single-phase boundary curve without two-phase region of the ordered and disordered phases; the composition and temperature of the top point on the phase-boundary curve are far away from the ones of the critical point of the AuCu3 compound.
基金Project(51071181)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2013FJ4043)supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province,China
文摘Taking Au3Cu-type sublattice system as an example, three discoveries have been presented. First, the fourth barrier to hinder the progress of metal materials science is that today’s researchers do not understand that the Gibbs energy function of an alloy phase should be derived from Gibbs energy partition function constructed of alloy gene sequence and their Gibbs energy sequence. Second, the six rules for establishing alloy gene Gibbs energy partition function have been discovered, and it has been specially proved that the probabilities of structure units occupied at the Gibbs energy levels in the degeneracy factor for calculating configuration entropy should be degenerated as ones of component atoms occupied at the lattice points. Third, the main characteristics unexpected by today’s researchers are as follows. There exists a single-phase boundary curve without two-phase region coexisting by the ordered and disordered phases. The composition and temperature of the top point on the phase-boundary curve are far away from those of the critical point of the Au3Cu compound; At 0 K, the composition of the lowest point on the composition-dependent Gibbs energy curve is notably deviated from that of the Au3Cu compounds. The theoretical limit composition range of long range ordered Au3Cu-type alloys is determined by the first jumping order degree.
基金This project is supported partly by National 0utstanding Young Investigation of National Natural Science Foundation of China（70225005,70471088,70501004 and 70501005）, the Special Research Found for Doctoral Programs in State Education Ministry （20050004005）, the 211 Project of Discipline Construction of Beijing Jiaotong University and Rencai Foundation of Beijing Jiaotong University （2003RC010）
文摘A chaotic algorithm for providing a solution to the bi-level Discrete Equilibrium Network Design Problem （NDP） is discussed following an introduction of the Discrete Network Design Problem （DNDP） model and Chaos Optimization Algorithms （COA）. A description of the chaotic approach for the DNDP model is described in details. Then a numerical example for the DNDP is carried out to investigate the chaotic approach. The results have been encouraging, indicating that the chaotic approach has great potential ability in finding the optimal solution of DNDP models.
基金supported by the National Key Technology R&D Program of China (No. 2006BAH02A06)"333 Engineering"Project of Jiangsu Province
文摘Contract is a common and effective mechanism for supply chain coordination,which has been studied extensively in recent years.For a supply chain network model,contracts can be used to coordinate it because it is too ideal to obtain the network equilibrium state in practical market competition.In order to achieve equilibrium,we introduce revenue sharing contract into a supply chain network equilibrium model with random demand in this paper.Then,we investigate the influence on this network equilibrium state from demand disruptions caused by unexpected emergencies.When demand disruptions happen,the supply chain network equilibrium state will be broken and change to a new one,so the decision makers need to adjust the contract parameters to achieve the new coordinated state through bargaining.Finally,a numerical example with a sudden demand increase as a result of emergent event is provided for illustrative purposes.
基金Sponsored by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universitiesthe Research Funds of Renmin University of China(Grant No.13XNH169)
文摘In this paper, we demonstrate that the eco-industrial network equilibrium model of link flow version previously introduced can be reformulated as a transportation network equilibrium problem of path flow version. Then, some methodological tools mainly applied in the field of transportation science can be used to discuss the eco-industrial chain network problem. What the highlighted contribution lies in is that the paper not only expands theory of supply chain model with reducing path flow but also generalizes the traditional transportation network equilibrium problem by new applications.
基金Huang gratefully acknowledges the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No. 79825001)and the Ministry of Educatio
文摘In this paper, a bi-level formulation of the continuous network design problem (NDP) is proposed on the basis of logit stochastic user equilibrium (SUE) assignment with elastic demand. The model determines the link capacity improvements by maximizing net economic benefit while considering changes in demand and traffic distribution in network. The derivatives of equilibrium link flows and objective function with respect to capacity expansion variables, which are analytically derived, can be computed without having to first find path choice information. These derivatives are employed to develop a quasi Newton algorithm with the BFG S (Broyden- Fletcher- Goldfarb-Shanno) formula for solving the nonlinear, nonconvex but differentiable SUE-constrained network design problem. The SUE assignment with elastic demand is solved by using the method of successive averages in conjunction with Bell’s matrix inversion logit assignment method. Simple and complex example networks are presented to illustrate the model and the algorithm.
文摘Having criticized the current architecture of Advanced Traveler Information Systems （ATISs）, this work discusses a new base of requirements to develop a new paradigm for traffic information systems. It mainly integrates three dimensions within a traffic system： drivers＇ pattern of behavior and preferences, urban traffic desires, and capabilities of traffic information service providers. Based on the above, functional segments from several related backgrounds are brought together to structure a new architecture, called Interactive Traveler Information System （ITIS）. The main interactive feature of this new architecture is a two-way communication track between drivers and the traffic information system provider-in fact, a decision on choosing a road at a particular time for an individual will be made based on the utility of both sides. This new configuration consists of driver-side smartphone application, centric traffic prediction, and decision-maker units, which will shape a new approach of decision-making processes. These all work together to satisfy the designated goal of ITIS, which is preserving the Wardrop equilibrium condition in the traffic network level. Finally, we concentrate on a comparison study, which shows a differentiation between performance of the proposed ITIS and the current ATIS model in a real situation. This has been done with simulations of analogical scenarios. The most noticeable advantage of the proposed architecture is not being limited to a saturation limit, and the positive effect of increasing system penetration in the performance of the newly introduced information system. In conclusion, new research subjects are suggested to be carried out.
基金Project supported by the National Magnetic Confinement Fusion Energy R&D Program of China(Grant No.2018YFE0302100)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant Nos.2017YFE0300500 and 2017YFE0300501)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11575245,11805236,and 11905256)Young and Middle-aged Academic Back-bone Finance Fund from Anhui Medical University
文摘Plasma equilibrium parameters such as position, X-point, internal inductance, and poloidal beta are essential information for efficient and safe operation of tokamak. In this work, the artificial neural network is used to establish a non-linear relationship between the measured diagnostic signals and selected equilibrium parameters. The estimation process is split into a preliminary classification of the kind of equilibrium(limiter or divertor) and subsequent inference of the equilibrium parameters. The training and testing datasets are generated by the tokamak simulation code(TSC), which has been benchmarked with the EAST experimental data. The noise immunity of the inference model is tested. Adding noise to model inputs during training process is proved to have a certain ability for maintaining performance.
文摘In this paper, the wavelength-routed WDM network was analyzed for the dynamic case where the arrival of anycast requests was modeled by a state-dependent Poisson process. The equilibrium analysis was also given with the UWNC algorithm.
基金study by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Shandong province by the National Science Foundation Project,Project number:71202142,ZR2012GM002
文摘A closed-loop supply chain network equilibrium problem is examined,which consists of mutual competitive manufacturers with production capacity constraints and retailers with fuzzy market demands,mutual competitive collectors as well as a binding price ceiling of the commodities.By utilizing the credibility measure of fuzzy event,variational inequality and Lagrange dual theory,the optimum behaviors of manufactures,retailers,collectors and consumers are described.Therefore,the supply chain network equilibrium model is established.Numerical examples were given to illustrate the impact of production capacity constraints and price ceiling on the network equilibrium pattern.The results show that the shortage of commodities in consumer market will be more serious,the wholesale price of product and purchase price of waste products rise,the profits of retailers decrease,the profits of manufacturers and collectors increase as the government gradually reduce the binding price ceiling on competitive markets,and the trend will be more obvious in the existence of production capacity constraints at same time.
基金Project(2007AA11Z236) supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of ChinaProject(2012M5209O1) supported by China Postdoctoral Science Foundation
文摘Based on the framework of method of successive averages(MSA), a modified stochastic user-equilibrium assignment algorithm was proposed, which can be used to calculate the passenger flow distribution of urban rail transit(URT) under network operation. In order to describe the congestion's impact to passengers' route choices, a generalized cost function with in-vehicle congestion was set up. Building on the k-th shortest path algorithm, a method for generating choice set with time constraint was embedded, considering the characteristics of network operation. A simple but efficient route choice model, which was derived from travel surveys for URT passengers in China, was introduced to perform the stochastic network loading at each iteration in the algorithm. Initial tests on the URT network in Shanghai City show that the methodology, with rational calculation time, promises to compute more precisely the passenger flow distribution of URT under network operation, compared with those practical algorithms used in today's China.
基金Project(51071181)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2013FJ4043)supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province,China
文摘Taking Au?Cu system as an example, three discoveries and two methods were presented. First, a new way for boosting sustainable progress of systematic metal materials science (SMMS) and alloy gene engineering (AGE) is to establish holographic alloy positioning design (HAPD) system, of which the base consists of measurement and calculation center, SMMS center, AGE center, HAPD information center and HAPD cybernation center; Second, the resonance activating-sychro alternating mechanism of atom movement may be divided into the located and oriented diffuse modes; Third, the equilibrium and subequilibrium holographic network phase diagrams are blueprints and operable platform for researchers to discover, design, manufacture and deploy advanced alloys, which are obtained respectively by the equilibrium lever numerical method and cross point numerical method of isothermal Gibbs energy curves. As clicking each network point, the holographic information of three structure levels for the designed alloy may be readily obtained: the phase constitution and fraction, phase arranging structure and properties of organization; the composition, alloy gene arranging structure and properties of each phase and the electronic structures and properties of alloy genes. It will create a new era for network designing advanced alloys.
