Three new napelline-type C20-diterpenoid alkaloids,named aconicarmichinium A and B trifluoroacetates（1 and 2） and aconicarmichinium C chloride（3）,were isolated from an aqueous extract of ＂fu zi＂,the lateral root...Three new napelline-type C20-diterpenoid alkaloids,named aconicarmichinium A and B trifluoroacetates（1 and 2） and aconicarmichinium C chloride（3）,were isolated from an aqueous extract of ＂fu zi＂,the lateral roots of Aconitum carmichaelii.Their structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic data analysis.Compounds 1-3 represent the first examples of napelline-type C20 diterpenoid alkaloid alcohol iminiums,of which the structures were fully characterized.In addition,transformation and equilibration between the alcohol iminiums（1-3） and the aza acetals la-3a were investigated by measurements of the NMR spectra in protic and aprotic deuterium solvents including alkali pyridine-d5,along with evaporation under reduced pressure and gradual additions of TFA,AcOH,and HC1.The results demonstrated that the transformation and equilibration were solvent-,base-,and acid-dependent.Especially,in aqueous biological fluid,these C20-diterpenoid alkaloids would more likely exist as the alcohol iminiums accompanied by anion counterparts in biosystems to increase their solubility, bioavailability, transportations, and functions.The absolute configurations of 1-3 were confirmed by X-ray crystallographic analysis of 2a.展开更多
Following the principle of elastic floating compensation, this paper presents a new metal elastic ring for load equilibration and vibration reduction in 3-ring-gear reducer, and design and fabrivcation of a metal elas...Following the principle of elastic floating compensation, this paper presents a new metal elastic ring for load equilibration and vibration reduction in 3-ring-gear reducer, and design and fabrivcation of a metal elastic ring for SCH 3-ring-gear reducer. Comparison tests run with 3-ring-gear reducers without or with the metal elastic ring show satisfactory load equilibration and vibration reduction can be achieved with the metal elastic ring, and the metal elastic ring is a good solution for the problem of unequilibrated load and excessive vibration from which 3-ring-gear reducers suffered long.- This will further the improvement of design and application of 3-ring-gear reducers in both theory and practice.展开更多
Systematic experimental studies on partial melting and subsolidus equilibration of three reconstituted spinel-peridotites have been carried out at temperatures ranging from 1000 to 1380℃ and pressures of 1.0 and 1.5 ...Systematic experimental studies on partial melting and subsolidus equilibration of three reconstituted spinel-peridotites have been carried out at temperatures ranging from 1000 to 1380℃ and pressures of 1.0 and 1.5 GPa. The results shows (1) during partial melting, Mg# [=Mg/(Mg+Fe)]and Cr# [=Cr/(Cr-Al)]of spinel increase with an increase in degrees of melting) (2) during subsolidus equilibration, with increasing temperatures, Mg# of spinel increases but Cr# of spinel remains almost unchanged in dunite and increases slightly in Iherzolite and harzburgite. The negative and quasi-linear Mg# -Cr# correlation of spinel represents an isotherm of total non-equilibrium. The same results have been obtained by means of mathematical modelling. It is also proved by Mg# -Cr# correlation of spinel in natural peridotites. As a result of the spinel subsolidus equilibration, only variation of Cr# of spinel is limited, and then Cr# of spinel can be used to estimate the relative degree of melting undergone by host rocks. The bigger Cr# of spinel is, the higher the degree of melting will be. By contrast, during crystallization magma, Mg# and Cr# of spinel decrease with decreasing temperatures. Likewise, Cr# of spinel in basalts may be used to indicate the feature of Cr2O3/Al2O3 of magma, and the compositional zoning of spinel may be used to study the evolution of magma (cooling rate and contamination).展开更多
Bis(imino)pyridyl Fe(Ⅱ) complexes are important catalysts in ethylene oligomerization for preparingα-olefins. The metal net charge-activity relationship of bis(imino)pyridyl Fe(Ⅱ) complexes was investigated by mole...Bis(imino)pyridyl Fe(Ⅱ) complexes are important catalysts in ethylene oligomerization for preparingα-olefins. The metal net charge-activity relationship of bis(imino)pyridyl Fe(Ⅱ) complexes was investigated by molecular mechanics (MM) and net charge equilibration(QEq) method with modified Dreiding force field.It was found that metal net charge was in reverse ratio to ethylene oligomerization activity.Electron-donor substituents with less steric hindrance to the central metal were favorable to Fe complex act...展开更多
About φ45 mm LiAlO2 single crystal was grown by Czochralski （Cz） technique. However, the full-width at half-maximum （FWHM） value was high to 116.9 arcsec. After three vapor transport equilibration （VTE） process...About φ45 mm LiAlO2 single crystal was grown by Czochralski （Cz） technique. However, the full-width at half-maximum （FWHM） value was high to 116.9 arcsec. After three vapor transport equilibration （VTE） processes, we can obtain high-quality LiAlO2 slice with the FWHM value of 44.2 arcsec. ZnO films were fabricated on as-grown slices and after-VTE ones by pulsed laser deposition （PLD）. It was found that ZnO films on the two slices have similar crystallinity, optical transmittance and optical band gap at room temperature. These results not only show that LAO substrate is suitable for ZnO growth, but also prove that the crystal quality of LAO substrate slightly affects the structural and optical properties of ZnO film.展开更多
Large-sized （～2 inch, 50.8 mm） γ-LiAlO2 single crystal has been grown by conventional Czochralski （Cz） method, but the crystal has a milky, dendriform center. The samples taken from transparent and milky parts w...Large-sized （～2 inch, 50.8 mm） γ-LiAlO2 single crystal has been grown by conventional Czochralski （Cz） method, but the crystal has a milky, dendriform center. The samples taken from transparent and milky parts were ground and examined by X-ray diffraction. All diffraction peaks could be indexed in γ-LiAlO2. The crystal quality was characterized by X-ray rocking curve. The full-width at half-maximum （FWHM） values are 116.9 and 132.0 arcsec for transparent and milky parts, respectively. The vapor transport equilibrium （VTE） technique was introduced to modify the crystal quality. After 1000℃/48 h, 1100℃/48 h, 1200℃/48 h VTE processes, the FWHM values dropped to 44.2 and 55.2 arcsec for transparent and milky part, respectively. The optical transmission of transparent part was greatly enhanced from 85% to 90%, and transmission of milky part from 75% to 80% in the range of 190~1900 nm at room temperature. When the VTE temperature was raised to 1300℃, the sample cracked and FWHM values of transparent and milky parts were increased to 55.2 and 80.9 arcsec, respectively. By combining Cz technique with VTE technique, large-sized and high quality γ-LiAlO2 crystal can be obtained.展开更多
Charge state distribution of 0.8MeV/u uranium ions after transmission through a thin carbon foil has been studied. It is observed that the charge state distribution is equilibrated after the uranium ions have passed t...Charge state distribution of 0.8MeV/u uranium ions after transmission through a thin carbon foil has been studied. It is observed that the charge state distribution is equilibrated after the uranium ions have passed through a 15μg/cm^2 carbon foil. The equilibrated average charge state is 33.72 and the charge equilibration time of uranium ions in carbon foil is less than 5.4fs.展开更多
We discuss the process of equilibrium’s attainment in an interacting many-fermions system linked to a heat reservoir, whose temperature <em>T</em> is subject to a short-time disturbance of total duration ...We discuss the process of equilibrium’s attainment in an interacting many-fermions system linked to a heat reservoir, whose temperature <em>T</em> is subject to a short-time disturbance of total duration 2<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><em>τ</em>.</span> In this time-interval, its temperature increases up to a maximum value , cooling off afterward (also gradually) to its original value T<sub><em>M</em></sub>. The process is described by a typical master equation that leads eventually to equilibration. We discuss how the equilibration process depends upon 1) the system’s fermion-number, 2) the fermion-fermion interaction’s strength <em>V</em>, 3) the disturbance duration <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">2<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><em>τ</em></span></span></span><em></em>, and finally 4) the maximum number of equations <em>N</em> of the master equation.展开更多
Re-equilibration of fluid inclusions in crystals takes place by loss or gain of solvents and solutes from fluid inclusions and by changes in their volumes. Volume change of fluid inclusions are primarily dictated by e...Re-equilibration of fluid inclusions in crystals takes place by loss or gain of solvents and solutes from fluid inclusions and by changes in their volumes. Volume change of fluid inclusions are primarily dictated by elastic properties and available slip planes of host crystals. In the present study, the phase-behavior of fluids entrapped in co-precipitated calcite and barite is studied. While calcite contains only biphase fluid inclusions, barite has predominantly monophase fluid inclusions. Fluid inclusion petrography, microthermometry and leachate analysis are used to establish the nature of entrapped fluids and entrapment temperature is substantiated through independent sulfur isotope geothermometry using coexisting barite and pyrite. Phase transitions in the monophase fluid inclusions in barite are explained in terms of over-pressuring of fluids in these fluid inclusions relative to fluids entrapped in calcite owing to the low bulk modulus of barite.展开更多
The production of dileptons from the chemically equilibrating quark gluon plasma in the intermediate mass region has been studied. Comparing with the calculated results based on the thermodynamic equilibrium system of...The production of dileptons from the chemically equilibrating quark gluon plasma in the intermediate mass region has been studied. Comparing with the calculated results based on the thermodynamic equilibrium system of quark gluon plasma, it has been found that the quark phase of the chemically equilibrating system gives rise to an even larger enhancement of the dileptons production. Therefore, such an enhancement of dilepton production may signal the formation of quark gluon plasma.展开更多
-The probabilities P<sub>NCNE</sub> of non-equilibration component of tilting spinmode have been extracted from the experimental fragment anisotropies for thesystems of <sup>16</sup>O+<sup&g...-The probabilities P<sub>NCNE</sub> of non-equilibration component of tilting spinmode have been extracted from the experimental fragment anisotropies for thesystems of <sup>16</sup>O+<sup>232</sup>Th,<sup>19</sup>F+<sup>232</sup>Th,and <sup>16</sup>O+<sup>238</sup>U.It is found that as a function ofB<sub>f</sub>（〈L〉）/T<sub>sad</sub>,the values of P<sub>NCNF</sub> observed experimentally and expected on the ba-sis of fission before equilibration model have opposite trends.展开更多
The solution to heat transfer problems in two-dimensional heterogeneous media is attended based on the scaled boundary finite element method(SBFEM)coupled with equilibrated basis functions(EqBFs).The SBFEM reduces the...The solution to heat transfer problems in two-dimensional heterogeneous media is attended based on the scaled boundary finite element method(SBFEM)coupled with equilibrated basis functions(EqBFs).The SBFEM reduces the model order by scaling the boundary solution onto the inner element.To this end,tri-lateral elements are emanated from a scaling center,followed by the development of a semi-analytical solution along the radial direction and a finite element solution along the circumferential/boundary direction.The discretization is thus limited to the boundaries of the model,and the semi-analytical radial solution is found through the solution of an eigenvalue problem,which restricts the methods’applicability to heterogeneous media.In this research,we first extracted the SBFEM formulation considering the heterogeneity of the media.Then,we replaced the semi-analytical radial solution with the EqBFs and removed the eigenvalue solution step from the SBFEM.The varying coefficients of the partial differential equation(PDE)resulting from the heterogeneity of the media are replaced by a finite series in the radial and circumferential directions of the element.A weighted residual approach is applied to the radial equation.The equilibrated radial solution series is used in the new formulation of the SBFEM.展开更多
基金Financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NNSFC Nos. 21132009, 30825044)the National Science and Technology Project of China (Nos. 2012ZX09301002002, 2011ZX0 9307-002-01)
文摘Three new napelline-type C20-diterpenoid alkaloids,named aconicarmichinium A and B trifluoroacetates（1 and 2） and aconicarmichinium C chloride（3）,were isolated from an aqueous extract of ＂fu zi＂,the lateral roots of Aconitum carmichaelii.Their structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic data analysis.Compounds 1-3 represent the first examples of napelline-type C20 diterpenoid alkaloid alcohol iminiums,of which the structures were fully characterized.In addition,transformation and equilibration between the alcohol iminiums（1-3） and the aza acetals la-3a were investigated by measurements of the NMR spectra in protic and aprotic deuterium solvents including alkali pyridine-d5,along with evaporation under reduced pressure and gradual additions of TFA,AcOH,and HC1.The results demonstrated that the transformation and equilibration were solvent-,base-,and acid-dependent.Especially,in aqueous biological fluid,these C20-diterpenoid alkaloids would more likely exist as the alcohol iminiums accompanied by anion counterparts in biosystems to increase their solubility, bioavailability, transportations, and functions.The absolute configurations of 1-3 were confirmed by X-ray crystallographic analysis of 2a.
基金This project is sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundationthe National Key Laboratory of Mechanical Transmission of tfe Chongqing University
文摘Following the principle of elastic floating compensation, this paper presents a new metal elastic ring for load equilibration and vibration reduction in 3-ring-gear reducer, and design and fabrivcation of a metal elastic ring for SCH 3-ring-gear reducer. Comparison tests run with 3-ring-gear reducers without or with the metal elastic ring show satisfactory load equilibration and vibration reduction can be achieved with the metal elastic ring, and the metal elastic ring is a good solution for the problem of unequilibrated load and excessive vibration from which 3-ring-gear reducers suffered long.- This will further the improvement of design and application of 3-ring-gear reducers in both theory and practice.
文摘Systematic experimental studies on partial melting and subsolidus equilibration of three reconstituted spinel-peridotites have been carried out at temperatures ranging from 1000 to 1380℃ and pressures of 1.0 and 1.5 GPa. The results shows (1) during partial melting, Mg# [=Mg/(Mg+Fe)]and Cr# [=Cr/(Cr-Al)]of spinel increase with an increase in degrees of melting) (2) during subsolidus equilibration, with increasing temperatures, Mg# of spinel increases but Cr# of spinel remains almost unchanged in dunite and increases slightly in Iherzolite and harzburgite. The negative and quasi-linear Mg# -Cr# correlation of spinel represents an isotherm of total non-equilibrium. The same results have been obtained by means of mathematical modelling. It is also proved by Mg# -Cr# correlation of spinel in natural peridotites. As a result of the spinel subsolidus equilibration, only variation of Cr# of spinel is limited, and then Cr# of spinel can be used to estimate the relative degree of melting undergone by host rocks. The bigger Cr# of spinel is, the higher the degree of melting will be. By contrast, during crystallization magma, Mg# and Cr# of spinel decrease with decreasing temperatures. Likewise, Cr# of spinel in basalts may be used to indicate the feature of Cr2O3/Al2O3 of magma, and the compositional zoning of spinel may be used to study the evolution of magma (cooling rate and contamination).
基金supported by the National Science Foundation of China(Nos20334030,50703044 and 20734002)
文摘Bis(imino)pyridyl Fe(Ⅱ) complexes are important catalysts in ethylene oligomerization for preparingα-olefins. The metal net charge-activity relationship of bis(imino)pyridyl Fe(Ⅱ) complexes was investigated by molecular mechanics (MM) and net charge equilibration(QEq) method with modified Dreiding force field.It was found that metal net charge was in reverse ratio to ethylene oligomerization activity.Electron-donor substituents with less steric hindrance to the central metal were favorable to Fe complex act...
文摘About φ45 mm LiAlO2 single crystal was grown by Czochralski （Cz） technique. However, the full-width at half-maximum （FWHM） value was high to 116.9 arcsec. After three vapor transport equilibration （VTE） processes, we can obtain high-quality LiAlO2 slice with the FWHM value of 44.2 arcsec. ZnO films were fabricated on as-grown slices and after-VTE ones by pulsed laser deposition （PLD）. It was found that ZnO films on the two slices have similar crystallinity, optical transmittance and optical band gap at room temperature. These results not only show that LAO substrate is suitable for ZnO growth, but also prove that the crystal quality of LAO substrate slightly affects the structural and optical properties of ZnO film.
文摘Large-sized （～2 inch, 50.8 mm） γ-LiAlO2 single crystal has been grown by conventional Czochralski （Cz） method, but the crystal has a milky, dendriform center. The samples taken from transparent and milky parts were ground and examined by X-ray diffraction. All diffraction peaks could be indexed in γ-LiAlO2. The crystal quality was characterized by X-ray rocking curve. The full-width at half-maximum （FWHM） values are 116.9 and 132.0 arcsec for transparent and milky parts, respectively. The vapor transport equilibrium （VTE） technique was introduced to modify the crystal quality. After 1000℃/48 h, 1100℃/48 h, 1200℃/48 h VTE processes, the FWHM values dropped to 44.2 and 55.2 arcsec for transparent and milky part, respectively. The optical transmission of transparent part was greatly enhanced from 85% to 90%, and transmission of milky part from 75% to 80% in the range of 190~1900 nm at room temperature. When the VTE temperature was raised to 1300℃, the sample cracked and FWHM values of transparent and milky parts were increased to 55.2 and 80.9 arcsec, respectively. By combining Cz technique with VTE technique, large-sized and high quality γ-LiAlO2 crystal can be obtained.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No 10405025)
文摘Charge state distribution of 0.8MeV/u uranium ions after transmission through a thin carbon foil has been studied. It is observed that the charge state distribution is equilibrated after the uranium ions have passed through a 15μg/cm^2 carbon foil. The equilibrated average charge state is 33.72 and the charge equilibration time of uranium ions in carbon foil is less than 5.4fs.
文摘We discuss the process of equilibrium’s attainment in an interacting many-fermions system linked to a heat reservoir, whose temperature <em>T</em> is subject to a short-time disturbance of total duration 2<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><em>τ</em>.</span> In this time-interval, its temperature increases up to a maximum value , cooling off afterward (also gradually) to its original value T<sub><em>M</em></sub>. The process is described by a typical master equation that leads eventually to equilibration. We discuss how the equilibration process depends upon 1) the system’s fermion-number, 2) the fermion-fermion interaction’s strength <em>V</em>, 3) the disturbance duration <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">2<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><em>τ</em></span></span></span><em></em>, and finally 4) the maximum number of equations <em>N</em> of the master equation.
基金support by the mining geologists of the Geology and Exploration Division of the HGML at Hutti
文摘Re-equilibration of fluid inclusions in crystals takes place by loss or gain of solvents and solutes from fluid inclusions and by changes in their volumes. Volume change of fluid inclusions are primarily dictated by elastic properties and available slip planes of host crystals. In the present study, the phase-behavior of fluids entrapped in co-precipitated calcite and barite is studied. While calcite contains only biphase fluid inclusions, barite has predominantly monophase fluid inclusions. Fluid inclusion petrography, microthermometry and leachate analysis are used to establish the nature of entrapped fluids and entrapment temperature is substantiated through independent sulfur isotope geothermometry using coexisting barite and pyrite. Phase transitions in the monophase fluid inclusions in barite are explained in terms of over-pressuring of fluids in these fluid inclusions relative to fluids entrapped in calcite owing to the low bulk modulus of barite.
基金Supported in part by 95' Key Funds of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (KJ951-A1-410) by the National Nature Science Foundati
文摘The production of dileptons from the chemically equilibrating quark gluon plasma in the intermediate mass region has been studied. Comparing with the calculated results based on the thermodynamic equilibrium system of quark gluon plasma, it has been found that the quark phase of the chemically equilibrating system gives rise to an even larger enhancement of the dileptons production. Therefore, such an enhancement of dilepton production may signal the formation of quark gluon plasma.
基金The project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under the contract No.19275067.
文摘-The probabilities P<sub>NCNE</sub> of non-equilibration component of tilting spinmode have been extracted from the experimental fragment anisotropies for thesystems of <sup>16</sup>O+<sup>232</sup>Th,<sup>19</sup>F+<sup>232</sup>Th,and <sup>16</sup>O+<sup>238</sup>U.It is found that as a function ofB<sub>f</sub>（〈L〉）/T<sub>sad</sub>,the values of P<sub>NCNF</sub> observed experimentally and expected on the ba-sis of fission before equilibration model have opposite trends.
文摘The solution to heat transfer problems in two-dimensional heterogeneous media is attended based on the scaled boundary finite element method(SBFEM)coupled with equilibrated basis functions(EqBFs).The SBFEM reduces the model order by scaling the boundary solution onto the inner element.To this end,tri-lateral elements are emanated from a scaling center,followed by the development of a semi-analytical solution along the radial direction and a finite element solution along the circumferential/boundary direction.The discretization is thus limited to the boundaries of the model,and the semi-analytical radial solution is found through the solution of an eigenvalue problem,which restricts the methods’applicability to heterogeneous media.In this research,we first extracted the SBFEM formulation considering the heterogeneity of the media.Then,we replaced the semi-analytical radial solution with the EqBFs and removed the eigenvalue solution step from the SBFEM.The varying coefficients of the partial differential equation(PDE)resulting from the heterogeneity of the media are replaced by a finite series in the radial and circumferential directions of the element.A weighted residual approach is applied to the radial equation.The equilibrated radial solution series is used in the new formulation of the SBFEM.
