In DSP-based SerDes application,it is essential for AFE to implement a pre-ADC equalization to provide a better sig-nal for ADC and DSP.To meet the various equalization requirements of different channel and transmitte...In DSP-based SerDes application,it is essential for AFE to implement a pre-ADC equalization to provide a better sig-nal for ADC and DSP.To meet the various equalization requirements of different channel and transmitter configurations,this paper presents a 112 Gbps DSP-Based PAM4 SerDes receiver with a wide band equalization tuning AFE.The AFE is realized by implementing source degeneration transconductance,feedforward high-pass branch and inductive feedback peaking TIA.The AFE offers a flexible equalization gain tuning of up to 17.5 dB at Nyquist frequency without affecting the DC gain.With the pro-posed AFE,the receiver demonstrates eye opening after digital FIR equalization and achieves 6×10^(-9) BER with a 29.6 dB inser-tion loss channel.展开更多
A new cyclic prefix(CP)-based nonoverlapping FBMC-QAM(CP-NO-FBMC-QAM)system with two prototype filters is proposed in this paper,which satisfies complex orthogonality conditions and good frequency energy confinement a...A new cyclic prefix(CP)-based nonoverlapping FBMC-QAM(CP-NO-FBMC-QAM)system with two prototype filters is proposed in this paper,which satisfies complex orthogonality conditions and good frequency energy confinement at the same time.We analyze its inter-carrier interference/inter-symbol interference(ICI/ISI)over multipath channels.Owing to the additional CP,the ISI of received symbols over multipath channels is eliminated in the proposed system,and the resulting improvement in the signal-to-interference ratio(SIR)performance is evaluated by theoretical analysis.Moreover,for the ICI caused by multipath propagation in received symbols,we develop a method that eliminates the ICI by frequency-domain channel estimation and equalization before the receiver filtering process.The proposed CP-NO-FBMC-QAM system and ICI cancellation method(ICICM)are validated by comparisons of implementation complexity,power spectral density(PSD),bit error rate(BER)and channel estimation performance with conventional CP-based orthogonal frequency division multiplexing(CP-OFDM)and FBMC-QAM systems.展开更多
Early detection of Forest and Land Fires(FLF)is essential to prevent the rapid spread of fire as well as minimize environmental damage.However,accurate detection under real-world conditions,such as low light,haze,and ...Early detection of Forest and Land Fires(FLF)is essential to prevent the rapid spread of fire as well as minimize environmental damage.However,accurate detection under real-world conditions,such as low light,haze,and complex backgrounds,remains a challenge for computer vision systems.This study evaluates the impact of three image enhancement techniques—Histogram Equalization(HE),Contrast Limited Adaptive Histogram Equalization(CLAHE),and a hybrid method called DBST-LCM CLAHE—on the performance of the YOLOv11 object detection model in identifying fires and smoke.The D-Fire dataset,consisting of 21,527 annotated images captured under diverse environmental scenarios and illumination levels,was used to train and evaluate the model.Each enhancement method was applied to the dataset before training.Model performance was assessed using multiple metrics,including Precision,Recall,mean Average Precision at 50%IoU(mAP50),F1-score,and visual inspection through bounding box results.Experimental results show that all three enhancement techniques improved detection performance.HE yielded the highest mAP50 score of 0.771,along with a balanced precision of 0.784 and recall of 0.703,demonstrating strong generalization across different conditions.DBST-LCM CLAHE achieved the highest Precision score of 79%,effectively reducing false positives,particularly in scenes with dispersed smoke or complex textures.CLAHE,with slightly lower overall metrics,contributed to improved local feature detection.Each technique showed distinct advantages:HE enhanced global contrast;CLAHE improved local structure visibility;and DBST-LCM CLAHE provided an optimal balance through dynamic block sizing and local contrast preservation.These results underline the importance of selecting preprocessing methods according to detection priorities,such as minimizing false alarms or maximizing completeness.This research does not propose a new model architecture but rather benchmarks a recent lightweight detector,YOLOv11,combined with image enhancement strategies for practical deployment in FLF monitoring.The findings support the integration of preprocessing techniques to improve detection accuracy,offering a foundation for real-time FLF detection systems on edge devices or drones,particularly in regions like Indonesia.展开更多
AIM:To find the effective contrast enhancement method on retinal images for effective segmentation of retinal features.METHODS:A novel image preprocessing method that used neighbourhood-based improved contrast limited...AIM:To find the effective contrast enhancement method on retinal images for effective segmentation of retinal features.METHODS:A novel image preprocessing method that used neighbourhood-based improved contrast limited adaptive histogram equalization(NICLAHE)to improve retinal image contrast was suggested to aid in the accurate identification of retinal disorders and improve the visibility of fine retinal structures.Additionally,a minimal-order filter was applied to effectively denoise the images without compromising important retinal structures.The novel NICLAHE algorithm was inspired by the classical CLAHE algorithm,but enhanced it by selecting the clip limits and tile sized in a dynamical manner relative to the pixel values in an image as opposed to using fixed values.It was evaluated on the Drive and high-resolution fundus(HRF)datasets on conventional quality measures.RESULTS:The new proposed preprocessing technique was applied to two retinal image databases,Drive and HRF,with four quality metrics being,root mean square error(RMSE),peak signal to noise ratio(PSNR),root mean square contrast(RMSC),and overall contrast.The technique performed superiorly on both the data sets as compared to the traditional enhancement methods.In order to assess the compatibility of the method with automated diagnosis,a deep learning framework named ResNet was applied in the segmentation of retinal blood vessels.Sensitivity,specificity,precision and accuracy were used to analyse the performance.NICLAHE–enhanced images outperformed the traditional techniques on both the datasets with improved accuracy.CONCLUSION:NICLAHE provides better results than traditional methods with less error and improved contrastrelated values.These enhanced images are subsequently measured by sensitivity,specificity,precision,and accuracy,which yield a better result in both datasets.展开更多
In a deeply aging society,the appointed guardianship system,as an important arrangement for the protection of the rights and interests of the elderly,still faces many practical difficulties.Typical examples include:du...In a deeply aging society,the appointed guardianship system,as an important arrangement for the protection of the rights and interests of the elderly,still faces many practical difficulties.Typical examples include:during the decision-making stage of whether to choose appointed guardianship,the lack of professionalism and availability of appointed guardians can easily hinder the elderly from choosing to apply it;during the establishment stage of appointed guardianship,the limited rules related to the appointed guardianship agreement can easily lead to the frustration of the elderly’s subjective will;during the operation stage of appointed guardianship,the insufficient accountability mechanisms for appointed guardians can easily lead to the infringement of the personal or property rights of the elderly.By reflecting on its jurisprudential causes,it can be found that the current law largely ignores the orientation of appointed guardianship as a welfare for the elderly in social law,the concept of substantive equality in the appointed guardianship agreement,and the theoretical attributes of the appointed guardianship as a fiduciary relationship.Therefore,the appointed guardianship system in China should be systematically improved to fully release its institutional potential in the protection of the rights and interests of the elderly based on these jurisprudential principles.In particular,it is possible to consider actively promoting the“trust+appointed guardianship”model and cultivating a team of appointed guardians by the state based on the concept of elderly welfare;strengthening the protection of notarization procedures and the reasonable design of the appointed guardianship agreement based on the concept of substantive equality;and refining the fiduciary standards of appointed guardians and strengthening guardianship supervision based on the nature of fiduciary relationship.展开更多
A chip-level space-time equalization receiver scheme is proposed for multiple-input multiple-output high-speed downlink packet access (MIMO HSDPA) systems to jointly combat the co-channel interference and the inter-co...A chip-level space-time equalization receiver scheme is proposed for multiple-input multiple-output high-speed downlink packet access (MIMO HSDPA) systems to jointly combat the co-channel interference and the inter-code interference. A fractional sample equalizer is also derived to further improve the performance of the receiver. Performance analysis and the calculation of the output signal to interference ratio (SINR) at each receiver antenna are presented to help direct the design of equalization weight in a more optimal manner. System simulations demonstrate the significant performance gain over conventional Rake receiver and high potential of MIMO HSDPA for high-data-rate packet transmission.展开更多
FBMC/OQAM transmission system has a better spectral efficiency than OFDM.However,its orthogonality condition is only considered in the real field.In the presence of fading channels,the real orthogonality of FBMC/OQAM ...FBMC/OQAM transmission system has a better spectral efficiency than OFDM.However,its orthogonality condition is only considered in the real field.In the presence of fading channels,the real orthogonality of FBMC/OQAM might be lost,which calls for new equalization schemes.In this paper,an improved equalizer with real interference prediction(ERIP)scheme of FBMC/OQAM is proposed.We analyze the correlation between the real and the neighboring imaginary interference components taking Doppler shifts into account,and derive the improved ERIP scheme.The simulation results show that the proposed scheme can outperform the original ERIP and the one-tap equalization in time-varying multipath scenarios with an affordable complexity.展开更多
Several fractionally spaced equalizers(FSE) which could be used in 60 GHz systems are presented in this paper. For 60 GHz systems, low-power equalization algorithms are favorable. We focus on FSE in both time domain(T...Several fractionally spaced equalizers(FSE) which could be used in 60 GHz systems are presented in this paper. For 60 GHz systems, low-power equalization algorithms are favorable. We focus on FSE in both time domain(TD) and frequency domain(FD) in order to meet different complexity requirements of 60 GHz systems. Compared with symbol spaced equalizer(SSE), FSE can relax the requirement of sampling synchronization hardware significantly. Extensive simulation results show that our equalization algorithms not only eliminate ISI efficiently, but are also robust to timing synchronization errors.展开更多
To reduce channel noise,fading,and inter-user interference effectively in the chaotic communication systems with multi-user,a blind channel equalization algorithm based on dual unscented Kalman filter algorithm is pro...To reduce channel noise,fading,and inter-user interference effectively in the chaotic communication systems with multi-user,a blind channel equalization algorithm based on dual unscented Kalman filter algorithm is proposed.Assuming that the coefficients of a multi-input multi-output (MIMO) channel can be described by an autoregressive model,two separate state-space representations are used for the signals and coefficients.Then two unscented Kalman filters are used to estimate chaotic signals and channel coefficients simultaneously.The simulation results indicate that the algorithm can effectively track the coefficients of the multi-path fading channel in chaotic MIMO communication systems at a fast convergence speed.展开更多
In this paper, a Turbo aided Cyclic Prefix (CP) reconstruction scheme, termed Turbo- CPR, is proposed for Single-Carrier systems with Frequency-Domain Equalization (SC-FDE) that employ insufficient CP in the transmitt...In this paper, a Turbo aided Cyclic Prefix (CP) reconstruction scheme, termed Turbo- CPR, is proposed for Single-Carrier systems with Frequency-Domain Equalization (SC-FDE) that employ insufficient CP in the transmitter. In Turbo-CPR, the decoder output is incorporated in the process of equalization, i.e. Turbo equalizer is employed. It is shown in the simulation results that Turbo-CPR not only recovers the performance loss due to insufficiency of CP, but also provides extra gains over the lower bound of performance for conventional CP reconstruction schemes.展开更多
This paper investigates adaptive blind source separation and equalization for Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) systems. To effectively recover input signals, remove Inter-Symbol Interference (ISI) and suppress In...This paper investigates adaptive blind source separation and equalization for Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) systems. To effectively recover input signals, remove Inter-Symbol Interference (ISI) and suppress Inter-User Interference (IUI), the array input is first transformed into the signal subspace, then with the derived orthogonality between weight vectors of different input signals, a new orthogonal Constant Modulus Algorithm (CMA) is proposed. Computer simulation results illustrate the promising performance of the proposed method. Without channel identification, the proposed method can recover all the system inputs simultaneously and can be adaptive to channel changes without prior knowledge about signals.展开更多
Channel equalization plays a pivotal role within the reconstruction phase of passive radar reference signals.In the context of reconstructing digital terrestrial multimedia broadcasting(DTMB)signals for low-slow-small...Channel equalization plays a pivotal role within the reconstruction phase of passive radar reference signals.In the context of reconstructing digital terrestrial multimedia broadcasting(DTMB)signals for low-slow-small(LSS)target detection,a novel frequency domain block joint equalization algorithm is presented in this article.From the DTMB signal frame structure and channel multipath transmission characteristics,this article adopts a unconventional approach where the delay and frame structure of each DTMB signal frame are reconfigured to create a circular convolution block,facilitating concurrent fast Fourier transform(FFT)calculations.Following equalization,an inverse fast Fourier transform(IFFT)-based joint output and subsequent data reordering are executed to finalize the equalization process for the DTMB signal.Simulation and measured data confirm that this algorithm outperforms conventional techniques by reducing signal errors rate and enhancing real-time processing.In passive radar LSS detection,it effectively suppresses multipath and noise through frequency domain equalization,reducing false alarms and improving the capabilities of weak target detection.展开更多
A model for supercapacitor voltage equalization strategy is analyzed, and on this basis a supercapacitor voltage equalization method for Rubber Tyred Gantry Crane (RTG) energy saving system is proposed, namely active ...A model for supercapacitor voltage equalization strategy is analyzed, and on this basis a supercapacitor voltage equalization method for Rubber Tyred Gantry Crane (RTG) energy saving system is proposed, namely active voltage equalization method based on Buck-Boost converter. The equalizing speed of the proposed method is fast. Firstly, the working principle and process of the voltage equalization circuit is analyzed in detail. In addition, design of active voltage equalization circuit parameters and control strategy are given. Finally, simulation analysis of the series connection of supercapacitors module is performed. Results show that this method for equalizing voltage can avoid over-voltage of each cell and possess practicable and high value for supercapacitor RTG energy saving system.展开更多
In this paper, an efficient Cyclic Prefix （CP） reconstruction scheme is proposed for Single-Carrier systems with Frequency-Domain Equalization （SC-FDE） that employ insufficient length of CP at the transmitter. By ...In this paper, an efficient Cyclic Prefix （CP） reconstruction scheme is proposed for Single-Carrier systems with Frequency-Domain Equalization （SC-FDE） that employ insufficient length of CP at the transmitter. By utilizing a decision feedback filter to cancel the residual InterSymbol Interference （ISI） in the equalized signal, the proposed scheme can effectively lower the low bound of performance for the CP reconstruction schemes and can greatly improve the Bit Error P^te （BER） performance of SC-FDE systems. In addition, the existing methods and the proposed scheme are also optimized. It is shown in the simulation results that, when the Signal-to-Noise Ratio （SNR） exceeds a certain threshold, the proposed scheme can achieve the low bound of performance for the existing methods. Moreover, by increasing the number of iteration or through optimization, the low bound can be outperformed.展开更多
A low-complexity single carrier frequency-domain equalizer （SC/FDE） and diversity combining method for cooperative systems with demodulate-and-forward relaying over frequency-selective channels is proposed. At the r...A low-complexity single carrier frequency-domain equalizer （SC/FDE） and diversity combining method for cooperative systems with demodulate-and-forward relaying over frequency-selective channels is proposed. At the relay nodes, linear SC/FDE is adopted and normalized correlation coefficlent is mtrodueed to derive an equivalent source-to-relay-destination （S-R-D） channel that is highlighted in this study. At the destination, a joint SC/FDE and diversity combining receiver is proposed by utilizing the equivalent S-R-D channel. Simulation results demonstrate the superiority of the proposed SC/FDE scheme over the straightforward SC/FDE which ignores the decisions errors at the intermediate relay nodes.展开更多
A system is developed to improve the series battery packs uniformities and charging protection and the implementation of battery equalization charging and protection system is also introduced. The functions of equaliz...A system is developed to improve the series battery packs uniformities and charging protection and the implementation of battery equalization charging and protection system is also introduced. The functions of equalization charging and overcharging protection are analyzed and the control model of series battery packs equalization charging is setup. The diverting-current and feedback bus voltage are measured during the series Li-ion battery packs equalization charging experiment. The field operation on Electric luxury transit bus BFC6100EV shows that the system betters the battery series charging uniformities and overcharging protection, improves the battery performance and extends the battery life.展开更多
Optical channel pre-emphasis equalization is experimentally researched for a 270 km 40 × 40 Gbit/s wavelength division multiplexing （WDM） transmission system with three Erbium-doped fiber amplifiers （ED- FAs）...Optical channel pre-emphasis equalization is experimentally researched for a 270 km 40 × 40 Gbit/s wavelength division multiplexing （WDM） transmission system with three Erbium-doped fiber amplifiers （ED- FAs） and Raman amplifiers concatenated as booster amplifier. The channel imbalance of the overall system changes with different sets of power launched into EDFAs. By appropriately choosing the power input to concatenated EDFAs, the output spectrum of 40 channel signal can be equalized to the most extent. The merit of benefit can be around 5.5 dB by this pre-emphasis equalization. The requirement for the gain equalizer is therefore greatly released. Then the gain imbalance of the overall system and the power imbalance of 40 channels are compared and the two almost matches, but the significant difference lies on some channels. Finally, the pump power into Raman amplifier is also optimized, and another 1.3 dB improvement of channel equaliza- tion can be further achieved.展开更多
equalization of public services is not only conducive to the promotion of social justice; it maintains social stability and national unity, but also helps to promote the coordinated development of economy and society....equalization of public services is not only conducive to the promotion of social justice; it maintains social stability and national unity, but also helps to promote the coordinated development of economy and society. States should give full play to the role of taxation mechanisms to actively promote the use of transfer payments to the equalization of basic public services. In this paper, we focus on China＇ s current system of transfer payments problems and we should deepen mode of transfer payment system＇ s equalization of basic public services under the trend of design.展开更多
In this paper,an improved sag control strategy based on automatic SOC equalization is proposed to solve the problems of slow SOC equalization and excessive bus voltage fluctuation amplitude and offset caused by load a...In this paper,an improved sag control strategy based on automatic SOC equalization is proposed to solve the problems of slow SOC equalization and excessive bus voltage fluctuation amplitude and offset caused by load and PV power variations in a stand-alone DC microgrid.The strategy includes primary and secondary control.Among them,the primary control suppresses the DC microgrid voltage fluctuation through the I and II section control,and the secondary control aims to correct the P-U curve of the energy storage system and the PV system,thus reducing the steady-state bus voltage excursion.The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed control strategy effectively achieves SOC balancing and enhances the immunity of bus voltage.The proposed strategy improves the voltage fluctuation suppression ability by approximately 39.4%and 43.1%under the PV power and load power fluctuation conditions,respectively.Furthermore,the steady-state deviation of the bus voltage,△U_(dc) is only 0.01–0.1 V,ensuring stable operation of the DC microgrid in fluctuating power environments.展开更多
Aiming at the traditional CUK equalizer can only perform energy equalization between adjacent batteries,if the two single batteries that need to be equalized are far away from each other,there will be the problem of l...Aiming at the traditional CUK equalizer can only perform energy equalization between adjacent batteries,if the two single batteries that need to be equalized are far away from each other,there will be the problem of longer energy transmission path and lower equalization efficiency,this paper optimizes the CUK equalizer and optimizes its peripheral selection circuit,which can support the equalization of single batteries at any two positions.The control strategy adopts the open-circuit voltage(OVC)of the battery and the state of charge(SOC)of the battery as the equalization variables,and selects the corresponding equalization variables according to the energy conditions of the two batteries that need to be equalized,and generates the adaptive equalization current with an adaptive PID controller in order to improve the equalization efficiency.Simulation modeling is performed in Matlab/Simulink 2021b,and the experimental results show that the optimized CUK equalizer in this paper improves the equalization time by 25.58%compared with the traditional CUK equalizer.In addition,compared with the mean value difference(MVD)method,the adaptive PID method reduces the equalization time by about 30%in the static and charging and discharging experimental environments,which verifies the superiority of this equalization scheme.展开更多
基金supported by National Key R&D Program of China No.2022YFB2803401.
文摘In DSP-based SerDes application,it is essential for AFE to implement a pre-ADC equalization to provide a better sig-nal for ADC and DSP.To meet the various equalization requirements of different channel and transmitter configurations,this paper presents a 112 Gbps DSP-Based PAM4 SerDes receiver with a wide band equalization tuning AFE.The AFE is realized by implementing source degeneration transconductance,feedforward high-pass branch and inductive feedback peaking TIA.The AFE offers a flexible equalization gain tuning of up to 17.5 dB at Nyquist frequency without affecting the DC gain.With the pro-posed AFE,the receiver demonstrates eye opening after digital FIR equalization and achieves 6×10^(-9) BER with a 29.6 dB inser-tion loss channel.
文摘A new cyclic prefix(CP)-based nonoverlapping FBMC-QAM(CP-NO-FBMC-QAM)system with two prototype filters is proposed in this paper,which satisfies complex orthogonality conditions and good frequency energy confinement at the same time.We analyze its inter-carrier interference/inter-symbol interference(ICI/ISI)over multipath channels.Owing to the additional CP,the ISI of received symbols over multipath channels is eliminated in the proposed system,and the resulting improvement in the signal-to-interference ratio(SIR)performance is evaluated by theoretical analysis.Moreover,for the ICI caused by multipath propagation in received symbols,we develop a method that eliminates the ICI by frequency-domain channel estimation and equalization before the receiver filtering process.The proposed CP-NO-FBMC-QAM system and ICI cancellation method(ICICM)are validated by comparisons of implementation complexity,power spectral density(PSD),bit error rate(BER)and channel estimation performance with conventional CP-based orthogonal frequency division multiplexing(CP-OFDM)and FBMC-QAM systems.
基金funded by the Directorate of Research,Technology,and Community Service,Ministry of Higher Education,Science,and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia the Regular Fundamental Research scheme,with grant numbers 001/LL6/PL/AL.04/2025,011/SPK-PFR/RIK/05/2025.
文摘Early detection of Forest and Land Fires(FLF)is essential to prevent the rapid spread of fire as well as minimize environmental damage.However,accurate detection under real-world conditions,such as low light,haze,and complex backgrounds,remains a challenge for computer vision systems.This study evaluates the impact of three image enhancement techniques—Histogram Equalization(HE),Contrast Limited Adaptive Histogram Equalization(CLAHE),and a hybrid method called DBST-LCM CLAHE—on the performance of the YOLOv11 object detection model in identifying fires and smoke.The D-Fire dataset,consisting of 21,527 annotated images captured under diverse environmental scenarios and illumination levels,was used to train and evaluate the model.Each enhancement method was applied to the dataset before training.Model performance was assessed using multiple metrics,including Precision,Recall,mean Average Precision at 50%IoU(mAP50),F1-score,and visual inspection through bounding box results.Experimental results show that all three enhancement techniques improved detection performance.HE yielded the highest mAP50 score of 0.771,along with a balanced precision of 0.784 and recall of 0.703,demonstrating strong generalization across different conditions.DBST-LCM CLAHE achieved the highest Precision score of 79%,effectively reducing false positives,particularly in scenes with dispersed smoke or complex textures.CLAHE,with slightly lower overall metrics,contributed to improved local feature detection.Each technique showed distinct advantages:HE enhanced global contrast;CLAHE improved local structure visibility;and DBST-LCM CLAHE provided an optimal balance through dynamic block sizing and local contrast preservation.These results underline the importance of selecting preprocessing methods according to detection priorities,such as minimizing false alarms or maximizing completeness.This research does not propose a new model architecture but rather benchmarks a recent lightweight detector,YOLOv11,combined with image enhancement strategies for practical deployment in FLF monitoring.The findings support the integration of preprocessing techniques to improve detection accuracy,offering a foundation for real-time FLF detection systems on edge devices or drones,particularly in regions like Indonesia.
文摘AIM:To find the effective contrast enhancement method on retinal images for effective segmentation of retinal features.METHODS:A novel image preprocessing method that used neighbourhood-based improved contrast limited adaptive histogram equalization(NICLAHE)to improve retinal image contrast was suggested to aid in the accurate identification of retinal disorders and improve the visibility of fine retinal structures.Additionally,a minimal-order filter was applied to effectively denoise the images without compromising important retinal structures.The novel NICLAHE algorithm was inspired by the classical CLAHE algorithm,but enhanced it by selecting the clip limits and tile sized in a dynamical manner relative to the pixel values in an image as opposed to using fixed values.It was evaluated on the Drive and high-resolution fundus(HRF)datasets on conventional quality measures.RESULTS:The new proposed preprocessing technique was applied to two retinal image databases,Drive and HRF,with four quality metrics being,root mean square error(RMSE),peak signal to noise ratio(PSNR),root mean square contrast(RMSC),and overall contrast.The technique performed superiorly on both the data sets as compared to the traditional enhancement methods.In order to assess the compatibility of the method with automated diagnosis,a deep learning framework named ResNet was applied in the segmentation of retinal blood vessels.Sensitivity,specificity,precision and accuracy were used to analyse the performance.NICLAHE–enhanced images outperformed the traditional techniques on both the datasets with improved accuracy.CONCLUSION:NICLAHE provides better results than traditional methods with less error and improved contrastrelated values.These enhanced images are subsequently measured by sensitivity,specificity,precision,and accuracy,which yield a better result in both datasets.
基金the National Social Science Fund of China Youth Project“Research on the Application Dilemma and Solutions of the Appointed Guardianship Clauses in the Civil Code”(Project Approval Number 20CFX075).
文摘In a deeply aging society,the appointed guardianship system,as an important arrangement for the protection of the rights and interests of the elderly,still faces many practical difficulties.Typical examples include:during the decision-making stage of whether to choose appointed guardianship,the lack of professionalism and availability of appointed guardians can easily hinder the elderly from choosing to apply it;during the establishment stage of appointed guardianship,the limited rules related to the appointed guardianship agreement can easily lead to the frustration of the elderly’s subjective will;during the operation stage of appointed guardianship,the insufficient accountability mechanisms for appointed guardians can easily lead to the infringement of the personal or property rights of the elderly.By reflecting on its jurisprudential causes,it can be found that the current law largely ignores the orientation of appointed guardianship as a welfare for the elderly in social law,the concept of substantive equality in the appointed guardianship agreement,and the theoretical attributes of the appointed guardianship as a fiduciary relationship.Therefore,the appointed guardianship system in China should be systematically improved to fully release its institutional potential in the protection of the rights and interests of the elderly based on these jurisprudential principles.In particular,it is possible to consider actively promoting the“trust+appointed guardianship”model and cultivating a team of appointed guardians by the state based on the concept of elderly welfare;strengthening the protection of notarization procedures and the reasonable design of the appointed guardianship agreement based on the concept of substantive equality;and refining the fiduciary standards of appointed guardians and strengthening guardianship supervision based on the nature of fiduciary relationship.
文摘A chip-level space-time equalization receiver scheme is proposed for multiple-input multiple-output high-speed downlink packet access (MIMO HSDPA) systems to jointly combat the co-channel interference and the inter-code interference. A fractional sample equalizer is also derived to further improve the performance of the receiver. Performance analysis and the calculation of the output signal to interference ratio (SINR) at each receiver antenna are presented to help direct the design of equalization weight in a more optimal manner. System simulations demonstrate the significant performance gain over conventional Rake receiver and high potential of MIMO HSDPA for high-data-rate packet transmission.
基金This paper is supported in part by NSFC China(61771309,61671301)Shanghai Commission of Science and Technology Funding(SCST 15DZ2270400)+1 种基金Shanghai Key Laboratory Funding(STCSM 18DZ1200102)Medical Engineering Cross Research Foundation of Shanghai Jiao Tong University(YG2017QN47).
文摘FBMC/OQAM transmission system has a better spectral efficiency than OFDM.However,its orthogonality condition is only considered in the real field.In the presence of fading channels,the real orthogonality of FBMC/OQAM might be lost,which calls for new equalization schemes.In this paper,an improved equalizer with real interference prediction(ERIP)scheme of FBMC/OQAM is proposed.We analyze the correlation between the real and the neighboring imaginary interference components taking Doppler shifts into account,and derive the improved ERIP scheme.The simulation results show that the proposed scheme can outperform the original ERIP and the one-tap equalization in time-varying multipath scenarios with an affordable complexity.
基金supported in part by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China(863 Program)(No.2011AA010201)National Science and Technology Major Project(No.2013ZX03005010)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(No.61371103 and No.60902025)Key Science and Technology Program of Sichuan Province of China(No.2012FZ0119 and No.2012FZ0029)
文摘Several fractionally spaced equalizers(FSE) which could be used in 60 GHz systems are presented in this paper. For 60 GHz systems, low-power equalization algorithms are favorable. We focus on FSE in both time domain(TD) and frequency domain(FD) in order to meet different complexity requirements of 60 GHz systems. Compared with symbol spaced equalizer(SSE), FSE can relax the requirement of sampling synchronization hardware significantly. Extensive simulation results show that our equalization algorithms not only eliminate ISI efficiently, but are also robust to timing synchronization errors.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 60872123)Joint Fund of National Natural Science Foundation of China and Guangdong Provincial Natural Science Foundation (No. U0835001)Fundamental Research Funds for Central Universities (No. 2011ZM0033)
文摘To reduce channel noise,fading,and inter-user interference effectively in the chaotic communication systems with multi-user,a blind channel equalization algorithm based on dual unscented Kalman filter algorithm is proposed.Assuming that the coefficients of a multi-input multi-output (MIMO) channel can be described by an autoregressive model,two separate state-space representations are used for the signals and coefficients.Then two unscented Kalman filters are used to estimate chaotic signals and channel coefficients simultaneously.The simulation results indicate that the algorithm can effectively track the coefficients of the multi-path fading channel in chaotic MIMO communication systems at a fast convergence speed.
文摘In this paper, a Turbo aided Cyclic Prefix (CP) reconstruction scheme, termed Turbo- CPR, is proposed for Single-Carrier systems with Frequency-Domain Equalization (SC-FDE) that employ insufficient CP in the transmitter. In Turbo-CPR, the decoder output is incorporated in the process of equalization, i.e. Turbo equalizer is employed. It is shown in the simulation results that Turbo-CPR not only recovers the performance loss due to insufficiency of CP, but also provides extra gains over the lower bound of performance for conventional CP reconstruction schemes.
文摘This paper investigates adaptive blind source separation and equalization for Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) systems. To effectively recover input signals, remove Inter-Symbol Interference (ISI) and suppress Inter-User Interference (IUI), the array input is first transformed into the signal subspace, then with the derived orthogonality between weight vectors of different input signals, a new orthogonal Constant Modulus Algorithm (CMA) is proposed. Computer simulation results illustrate the promising performance of the proposed method. Without channel identification, the proposed method can recover all the system inputs simultaneously and can be adaptive to channel changes without prior knowledge about signals.
文摘Channel equalization plays a pivotal role within the reconstruction phase of passive radar reference signals.In the context of reconstructing digital terrestrial multimedia broadcasting(DTMB)signals for low-slow-small(LSS)target detection,a novel frequency domain block joint equalization algorithm is presented in this article.From the DTMB signal frame structure and channel multipath transmission characteristics,this article adopts a unconventional approach where the delay and frame structure of each DTMB signal frame are reconfigured to create a circular convolution block,facilitating concurrent fast Fourier transform(FFT)calculations.Following equalization,an inverse fast Fourier transform(IFFT)-based joint output and subsequent data reordering are executed to finalize the equalization process for the DTMB signal.Simulation and measured data confirm that this algorithm outperforms conventional techniques by reducing signal errors rate and enhancing real-time processing.In passive radar LSS detection,it effectively suppresses multipath and noise through frequency domain equalization,reducing false alarms and improving the capabilities of weak target detection.
文摘A model for supercapacitor voltage equalization strategy is analyzed, and on this basis a supercapacitor voltage equalization method for Rubber Tyred Gantry Crane (RTG) energy saving system is proposed, namely active voltage equalization method based on Buck-Boost converter. The equalizing speed of the proposed method is fast. Firstly, the working principle and process of the voltage equalization circuit is analyzed in detail. In addition, design of active voltage equalization circuit parameters and control strategy are given. Finally, simulation analysis of the series connection of supercapacitors module is performed. Results show that this method for equalizing voltage can avoid over-voltage of each cell and possess practicable and high value for supercapacitor RTG energy saving system.
文摘In this paper, an efficient Cyclic Prefix （CP） reconstruction scheme is proposed for Single-Carrier systems with Frequency-Domain Equalization （SC-FDE） that employ insufficient length of CP at the transmitter. By utilizing a decision feedback filter to cancel the residual InterSymbol Interference （ISI） in the equalized signal, the proposed scheme can effectively lower the low bound of performance for the CP reconstruction schemes and can greatly improve the Bit Error P^te （BER） performance of SC-FDE systems. In addition, the existing methods and the proposed scheme are also optimized. It is shown in the simulation results that, when the Signal-to-Noise Ratio （SNR） exceeds a certain threshold, the proposed scheme can achieve the low bound of performance for the existing methods. Moreover, by increasing the number of iteration or through optimization, the low bound can be outperformed.
基金Supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Programme of China (No. 2007AA01Z278, No. 2005AA123510)
文摘A low-complexity single carrier frequency-domain equalizer （SC/FDE） and diversity combining method for cooperative systems with demodulate-and-forward relaying over frequency-selective channels is proposed. At the relay nodes, linear SC/FDE is adopted and normalized correlation coefficlent is mtrodueed to derive an equivalent source-to-relay-destination （S-R-D） channel that is highlighted in this study. At the destination, a joint SC/FDE and diversity combining receiver is proposed by utilizing the equivalent S-R-D channel. Simulation results demonstrate the superiority of the proposed SC/FDE scheme over the straightforward SC/FDE which ignores the decisions errors at the intermediate relay nodes.
文摘A system is developed to improve the series battery packs uniformities and charging protection and the implementation of battery equalization charging and protection system is also introduced. The functions of equalization charging and overcharging protection are analyzed and the control model of series battery packs equalization charging is setup. The diverting-current and feedback bus voltage are measured during the series Li-ion battery packs equalization charging experiment. The field operation on Electric luxury transit bus BFC6100EV shows that the system betters the battery series charging uniformities and overcharging protection, improves the battery performance and extends the battery life.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (60777024)
文摘Optical channel pre-emphasis equalization is experimentally researched for a 270 km 40 × 40 Gbit/s wavelength division multiplexing （WDM） transmission system with three Erbium-doped fiber amplifiers （ED- FAs） and Raman amplifiers concatenated as booster amplifier. The channel imbalance of the overall system changes with different sets of power launched into EDFAs. By appropriately choosing the power input to concatenated EDFAs, the output spectrum of 40 channel signal can be equalized to the most extent. The merit of benefit can be around 5.5 dB by this pre-emphasis equalization. The requirement for the gain equalizer is therefore greatly released. Then the gain imbalance of the overall system and the power imbalance of 40 channels are compared and the two almost matches, but the significant difference lies on some channels. Finally, the pump power into Raman amplifier is also optimized, and another 1.3 dB improvement of channel equaliza- tion can be further achieved.
文摘equalization of public services is not only conducive to the promotion of social justice; it maintains social stability and national unity, but also helps to promote the coordinated development of economy and society. States should give full play to the role of taxation mechanisms to actively promote the use of transfer payments to the equalization of basic public services. In this paper, we focus on China＇ s current system of transfer payments problems and we should deepen mode of transfer payment system＇ s equalization of basic public services under the trend of design.
基金supported by the NationalNatural Science Foundation of China(No.52067013)the Natural Science Foundation of Gansu Province(No.20JR5RA395)as well as the Tianyou Innovation Team of Lanzhou Jiaotong University(TY202010).
文摘In this paper,an improved sag control strategy based on automatic SOC equalization is proposed to solve the problems of slow SOC equalization and excessive bus voltage fluctuation amplitude and offset caused by load and PV power variations in a stand-alone DC microgrid.The strategy includes primary and secondary control.Among them,the primary control suppresses the DC microgrid voltage fluctuation through the I and II section control,and the secondary control aims to correct the P-U curve of the energy storage system and the PV system,thus reducing the steady-state bus voltage excursion.The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed control strategy effectively achieves SOC balancing and enhances the immunity of bus voltage.The proposed strategy improves the voltage fluctuation suppression ability by approximately 39.4%and 43.1%under the PV power and load power fluctuation conditions,respectively.Furthermore,the steady-state deviation of the bus voltage,△U_(dc) is only 0.01–0.1 V,ensuring stable operation of the DC microgrid in fluctuating power environments.
基金Natural Science Foundation of China(51677058)Scientific Research Program of Hubei Provincial Department of Education(T2021005).
文摘Aiming at the traditional CUK equalizer can only perform energy equalization between adjacent batteries,if the two single batteries that need to be equalized are far away from each other,there will be the problem of longer energy transmission path and lower equalization efficiency,this paper optimizes the CUK equalizer and optimizes its peripheral selection circuit,which can support the equalization of single batteries at any two positions.The control strategy adopts the open-circuit voltage(OVC)of the battery and the state of charge(SOC)of the battery as the equalization variables,and selects the corresponding equalization variables according to the energy conditions of the two batteries that need to be equalized,and generates the adaptive equalization current with an adaptive PID controller in order to improve the equalization efficiency.Simulation modeling is performed in Matlab/Simulink 2021b,and the experimental results show that the optimized CUK equalizer in this paper improves the equalization time by 25.58%compared with the traditional CUK equalizer.In addition,compared with the mean value difference(MVD)method,the adaptive PID method reduces the equalization time by about 30%in the static and charging and discharging experimental environments,which verifies the superiority of this equalization scheme.
