The investigation of the esterolysis of p-nitrophenol acetate (PNPA) catalyzed by alginate-cobalt(Ⅱ) complex membrane was carried out under various conditions. The results showed that the pseudo-first-order plots of ...The investigation of the esterolysis of p-nitrophenol acetate (PNPA) catalyzed by alginate-cobalt(Ⅱ) complex membrane was carried out under various conditions. The results showed that the pseudo-first-order plots of the hydrolyses of PNPA catalyzed by alginate-Co(Ⅱ) complex membrane were linear. The kinetic constants were obtained and showed that the hydrolysis reactions obeyed Michaelis-Menten equations, showing an enzyme-like catalytic function of the membrane.展开更多
Recent studies support that magnetic chiral nanozymes,integrating the features of chirality,magnetism,and enzyme-like catalysis,provide new insights into the synthetic methodologies and applications of chiral nanozyme...Recent studies support that magnetic chiral nanozymes,integrating the features of chirality,magnetism,and enzyme-like catalysis,provide new insights into the synthetic methodologies and applications of chiral nanozymes.In this study,we present the design of novel magnetic chiral cobalt superstructures(CoSSs)synthesized by the regulation of complex formation kinetics of Co3+with chiral ligands(L-or D-tartaric acid)under varying metal-to-ligand molar ratios and solvent polarity.This approach yielded a series of CoSSs with varying symmetry from high to low.The chiral CoSSs exhibited chirality-dependent peroxidase(POD)-like activity,demonstrating a high affinity of L-CoSSs towards substrates,with a chiral selective factor of approximately 1.37.In addition,the magneto-optical effects of the chiral CoSSs significantly enhanced their chiroptical performance from ultraviolet-visible(UV-vis)to near-infrared region.Under a magnetic field,the affinity of chiral CoSSs for substrates increases,while the chiral selective factor was modified to 0.76.This research on magnetic chiral CoSSs nanozymes opens promising new avenues for the application of artificial enzymes in fields,such as antibacterial technology,drug delivery,and biocatalysis.展开更多
Tobacco(Nicotiana tabacum)plants synthesize the psychoactive pyridine alkaloid nicotine,which has sparked growing interest in reducing nicotine levels through genome editing aiming at inactivating key biosynthetic gen...Tobacco(Nicotiana tabacum)plants synthesize the psychoactive pyridine alkaloid nicotine,which has sparked growing interest in reducing nicotine levels through genome editing aiming at inactivating key biosynthetic genes.Although stable transformation-mediated genome editing is effective in tobacco,its polyploid nature complicates the complete knockout of genes and the segregation of transgenes from edited plants.In this study,we developed a non-transgenic genome editing method in tobacco by delivering the CRISPR/Cas machinery via an engineered negative-strand RNA rhabdovirus vector,followed by the regeneration of mutant plants through tissue culture.Using this method,we targeted six berberine bridge enzyme-like protein(BBL)family genes for mutagenesis,which are implicated in the last steps of pyridine alkaloid biosynthesis,in the commercial tobacco cultivar Hongda.We generated a panel of 16 mutant lines that were homozygous for mutations in various combinations of BBL genes.Alkaloid profiling revealed that lines homozygous for BBLa and BBLb mutations exhibited drastically reduced nicotine levels,while other BBL members played a minor role in nicotine synthesis.The decline of nicotine content in these lines was accompanied by reductions in anatabine and cotinine levels but increases in nornicotine and its derivative myosmine.Preliminary agronomic evaluation identified two low-nicotine lines with growth phenotypes comparable to those of wild-type plants under greenhouse and field conditions.Our work provides potentially valuable genetic materials for breeding low-nicotine tobacco and enhances our understanding of alkaloid biosynthesis.展开更多
Functional carbon nanomaterials have become the stars of many active research fields,such as electronics,energy,catalysis,imaging,sensing and biomedicine.Herein,a facile and one-pot strategy for generating ferromagnet...Functional carbon nanomaterials have become the stars of many active research fields,such as electronics,energy,catalysis,imaging,sensing and biomedicine.Herein,a facile and one-pot strategy for generating ferromagnetic nanoparticles loaded on N-doped carbon nanosheets(Fe-N-CNS)is presented by salt-assisted high-temperature carbonization of natural silk proteins.Due to their graphitic structures,N-doping and ferromagnetic nanoparticles(FeN_(x),FeO_(y),FeC_(z)),the silk-derived Fe-N-CNS can act as excellent mimics of both peroxidase and oxidase.Benefiting from the combined character of the graphene-like structures and enzyme-like activities,Fe-N-CNS can be further applied to highly efficient dye removal via synergistic adsorption and degradation.Meanwhile,the as-prepared Fe-N-CNS with intrinsic magnetism and electrical conductivity can also serve as an efficient electromagnetic wave absorption agent.The broadest effective absorption bandwidth(EAB)of as-obtained absorbing material yields a 6.73 GHz with 1 mm thickness,with a maximum reflection loss of-37.33 dB(11.41 GHz).The EAB can cover2~18 GHz with a tunable absorber thickness from 1.0 mm to 5.0 mm.Collectively,Fe-N-CNS,as a dualfunctional material,can tackle the aggravating environmental pollution issues of both dyes and electromagnetic waves.展开更多
Natural enzymes are highly efficient catalysts with strong substrate specificity,making them ideal for biomedical applications.However,they often face issues such as variability,high costs,challenging preparation proc...Natural enzymes are highly efficient catalysts with strong substrate specificity,making them ideal for biomedical applications.However,they often face issues such as variability,high costs,challenging preparation processes,and difficulties in large-scale production.This has led to significant efforts in developing effective nanoenzymes and exploring their application potential.In recent years,carbon dots(CDs)have gained attention due to their strong fluorescence,excellent biocompatibility,and low cytotoxicity.Cationic CDs,which possess a positively charged surface,have shown the ability to mimic natural enzyme applications.The positive charge on the surfaces of these nanomaterials significantly influences their fluorescence,biological activity,and interactions with other biomolecules.Therefore,understanding how surface charge affects the performance of CDs is crucial for enhancing their usability.Considerable progress has been made in the design,synthesis,and mechanistic research of enzyme-like cationic CDs,as well as their advanced applications.This article reviews the latest research on the design structure,catalytic mechanisms,biosensing capabilities,and biomedical applications of enzyme-like cationic CDs.First,we review the synthesis strategies for cationic CDs and how surface charge influences their physical and chemical properties.Next,we highlight various applications of these cationic CDs,demonstrating their use in areas such as detection,biomedical applications(including antibacterial agents,gene carriers,and therapeutic agents),catalysis,and more.Finally,we discuss the challenges and obstacles faced in the development of cationic CDs and look forward to exploring new applications in the future.展开更多
With the development of nanotechnology,“nanozymes”,a kind of nanomaterials with high enzyme-like activity,have attracted much attention because of their exciting and extensive applications.As an emerging layered nan...With the development of nanotechnology,“nanozymes”,a kind of nanomaterials with high enzyme-like activity,have attracted much attention because of their exciting and extensive applications.As an emerging layered nanomaterial,molybdenum disulfide(MoS_(2)),which has unique chemical and physical properties,has been used to construct nanozymes with diff erent compositions,structures,and morphologies.Moreover,MoS_(2)-based nanozymes have been widely applied in sensing,catalysis,and disease diagnosis.Herein,the applications of MoS_(2)-based nanozymes in the sensing field are summarized.First,the preparation of MoS_(2)-based nanozymes,including noble metal nanoparticle-,carbon-based material-,and organic molecule-hybridized nanozymes,is introduced.The recent advances in MoS_(2)-based nanozymes used in sensing applications,including environmental monitoring,biochemical analysis,and disease diagnosis,are systematically discussed.Finally,the challenges and opportunities for MoS_(2)-based nanozymes in the future are also discussed.展开更多
Ultrasensitive detection of multiple diseases markers is of great importance in improving diagnostic accuracy,precision,and efficiency.A versatile Au nanozyme Raman probe strategy was employed to develop an ultrasensi...Ultrasensitive detection of multiple diseases markers is of great importance in improving diagnostic accuracy,precision,and efficiency.A versatile Au nanozyme Raman probe strategy was employed to develop an ultrasensitive multiplex surface-enhanced Raman scattering(SERS)immunosensor using encoded silica photonic crystal beads(SPCBs).The efficient Au nanozyme Raman probe strategy was constructed using a robust Au nanozyme with high dual enzyme-like activity and SERS activity.On the one hand,Au nanozyme tags with oxidase-like activity can catalyze the oxidation of Raman-inactive 3,3,5,5-tetramethylbenzidine(TMB)to Raman-active oxidized TMB(ox-TMB)in the presence of O_(2).On the other hand,Au nanozyme tags with peroxidase-like activity can catalyze Raman-inactive TMB to Ramanactive ox-TMB in the presence of H_(2)O_(2).This dual catalysis action results in many Raman-active reporter molecules(ox-TMB)enabling highly sensitive detection.Meanwhile,the Au nanozyme as an extraordinary SERS substrate further enhances the detection signals of these Raman reporter molecules.Using reflection peaks of different SPCBs to encode tumor markers,an ultrasensitive multiplex SERS immunosensor was developed for detection of carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA)and alpha-fetoprotein(AFP),which exhibited wide linear ranges of 0.001-100 ng/m L for CEA and 0.01-1000 ng/m L for AFP,accompanied by low detection limits of 0.66 pg/m L for CEA and 9.5 pg/m L for AFP,respectively.This work demonstrates a universal and promising nanozyme Raman probe strategy to develop ultrasensitive multiplex SERS immunosensors for precise clinical diagnosis of disease.展开更多
In the past decade,nanozymes-a unique class of nanomaterials with inherent enzyme-mimetic properties-have fascinated researchers,revealing unexpected enzyme-like activity of nanomaterials previously considered biologi...In the past decade,nanozymes-a unique class of nanomaterials with inherent enzyme-mimetic properties-have fascinated researchers,revealing unexpected enzyme-like activity of nanomaterials previously considered biologically inert.In particular,as metal-free catalyst for biological processes,carbon-based nanozymes have grown in popularity due to their exceptional physical and chemical characteristics.So far,a variety of carbon-based nanozymes with various structures such as fullerene,graphene oxide,carbon dot,carbon nanotube,and carbon nanosphere have been reported possessing a wide range of enzyme-like properties.However,the structure-activity relationship of the carbon-based nanozymes have not yet been comprehensively discussed.In this review,we thoroughly examine the recent findings on the structure-activity connection of carbon nanozymes,in an effort to comprehend the underlying mechanism of carbon nanozymes and throw light on the future direction of the systematic design and construction of functionally specific carbon nanozymes.We also will address the broad range of applications of carbon nanozymes from in vitro detection to replacing specific enzymes in living systems.展开更多
Nanozymes,a type of nanomaterials with enzyme-like activity,have shown great potential to replace natural enzymes in many fields such as biochemical detection,environmental management and disease treatment.However,the...Nanozymes,a type of nanomaterials with enzyme-like activity,have shown great potential to replace natural enzymes in many fields such as biochemical detection,environmental management and disease treatment.However,the catalytic efficiency and substrate specificity of nanozymes still need improvement.To further optimize the enzymatic properties of nanozymes,recent studies have introduced the structural characteristics of natural enzymes into the rational design of nanozymes,either by employing small molecules to mimic the cofactors of natural enzymes to boost nanozymes’catalytic potential,or by simulating the active center of natural enzymes to construct the nanostructure of nanozymes.This review introduces the commonly used bio-inspired strategies to create nanozymes,aiming at clarifying the current progress and bottlenecks.Advances and challenges focusing on the research of bio-inspired nanozymes are outlined to provide ideas for the de novo design of ideal nanozymes.展开更多
Nanozymes are nanomaterials with enzyme-like properties that have attracted significant interest owing to their capability to address the limitations of traditional enzymes such as fragility,high cost,and impossible m...Nanozymes are nanomaterials with enzyme-like properties that have attracted significant interest owing to their capability to address the limitations of traditional enzymes such as fragility,high cost,and impossible mass production.Over the past decade,a broad variety of nanomaterials have been found to mimic the enzyme-like activity by engineering the active centers of natural enzymes or developing multivalent elements within nanostructures.Carbon nanomaterials with well-defined electronic and geometric structures have served as favorable surrogates of traditional enzymes by mimicking the highly evolved catalytic center of natural enzymes.In particular,by combining the unique electronic,optical,thermal,and mechanical properties,carbon nanomaterials-based nanozymes can offer a variety of multifunctional platforms for biomedical applications.In this review,we will introduce the enzymatic characteristics and recent advances of carbon nanozymes,and summarize their significant applications in biomedicine.展开更多
The past four years have witnessed booming progress in single-atom nanozymes(SANs),one of the newest generations of nanozymes with atomically dispersed metal sites for catalytic biomedical uses.They show distinct adva...The past four years have witnessed booming progress in single-atom nanozymes(SANs),one of the newest generations of nanozymes with atomically dispersed metal sites for catalytic biomedical uses.They show distinct advantages over their nanoparticle-based counterparts,such as well-defined electronic/geometric structures and complete atomic utilization efficiency,thus offering opportunities to develop advanced nanozymes for practical uses.The atomically dispersed active centers in SANs could also facilitate the precise regulation of catalytic performance,while probing structure–activity relationship for in-depth understanding of mechanism.In this review,we first introduce the synthetic approaches,surface engineering,and characterization techniques of SANs.Subsequently,we discuss the enzyme-like properties of SANs,including some strategies for boosting their catalytic activities.Furthermore,we present their biomedical applications,ranging from biosensors,antibacterial uses,antioxidants,to therapeutics.Finally,the challenges and opportunities of SANs are prospected.展开更多
Nanozymes have a similar catalytic mechanism to natural enzymes,with excellent performance,facile synthesis,and better stability.Single-atom nanozymes are developed based on single-atom catalysts due to their advantag...Nanozymes have a similar catalytic mechanism to natural enzymes,with excellent performance,facile synthesis,and better stability.Single-atom nanozymes are developed based on single-atom catalysts due to their advantages in coordination structure and electronic configuration,making them highly enzymatic-like biomimetic catalysts.Central nervous system(CNS)diseases have become one of the biggest killers of human health because they are difficult to diagnose and treat,expensive,and result in serious illness.Single-atom nanozymes have been widely used for biomedical applications,especially in oxidative-stressinduced diseases and most CNS diseases which are closely related to oxidative stress.Therefore,single-atom nanozymes show promising application prospects for the treatment of CNS diseases.In addition,due to the outstanding material properties and sensitivity of single-atom nanozymes,they also exhibit great advantages in detecting various CNS disease markers for diagnosis.展开更多
Single-atom nanozyme(SAzyme)is the hot topic of the current nanozyme research.Its intrinsic properties,such as high activity,stability,and low cost,present great substitutes to natural enzymes.Moreover,its fundamental...Single-atom nanozyme(SAzyme)is the hot topic of the current nanozyme research.Its intrinsic properties,such as high activity,stability,and low cost,present great substitutes to natural enzymes.Moreover,its fundamental characteristics,i.e.,maximized atom utilizations and well-defined geometric and electronic structures,lead to higher catalytic activities and specificity than traditional nanozymes.SAzymes have been applied in many biomedical areas,such as anti-tumor therapy,biosensing,antibiosis,and anti-oxidation therapy.Here,we will discuss a series of representative examples of SAzymes categorized by their biomedical applications in this review.In the end,we will address the future opportunities and challenges SAzymes facing in their designs and applications.展开更多
文摘The investigation of the esterolysis of p-nitrophenol acetate (PNPA) catalyzed by alginate-cobalt(Ⅱ) complex membrane was carried out under various conditions. The results showed that the pseudo-first-order plots of the hydrolyses of PNPA catalyzed by alginate-Co(Ⅱ) complex membrane were linear. The kinetic constants were obtained and showed that the hydrolysis reactions obeyed Michaelis-Menten equations, showing an enzyme-like catalytic function of the membrane.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22271257,32202063,and 21902148)Natural Science Foundation of Henan(No.232300421096)+5 种基金the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2024YFE0105200)Start-up Research Fundation of Henan University of Technology(No.2021BS053)the Innovation and Technology Commission of Hong Kong,The Hong Kong Polytechnic Universitythe support from MICIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033ERDF/EU(No.PID2022-138724NB-I00)the Xunta de Galicia/ERDF(No.GRC ED431C 2020/09).
文摘Recent studies support that magnetic chiral nanozymes,integrating the features of chirality,magnetism,and enzyme-like catalysis,provide new insights into the synthetic methodologies and applications of chiral nanozymes.In this study,we present the design of novel magnetic chiral cobalt superstructures(CoSSs)synthesized by the regulation of complex formation kinetics of Co3+with chiral ligands(L-or D-tartaric acid)under varying metal-to-ligand molar ratios and solvent polarity.This approach yielded a series of CoSSs with varying symmetry from high to low.The chiral CoSSs exhibited chirality-dependent peroxidase(POD)-like activity,demonstrating a high affinity of L-CoSSs towards substrates,with a chiral selective factor of approximately 1.37.In addition,the magneto-optical effects of the chiral CoSSs significantly enhanced their chiroptical performance from ultraviolet-visible(UV-vis)to near-infrared region.Under a magnetic field,the affinity of chiral CoSSs for substrates increases,while the chiral selective factor was modified to 0.76.This research on magnetic chiral CoSSs nanozymes opens promising new avenues for the application of artificial enzymes in fields,such as antibacterial technology,drug delivery,and biocatalysis.
基金supported by a grant from the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(No.LZ20C140004)FCTC grants No.110202201009(JY-09)and 110202101034(JY-11)FYCTIC Grant No.2022JY03.
文摘Tobacco(Nicotiana tabacum)plants synthesize the psychoactive pyridine alkaloid nicotine,which has sparked growing interest in reducing nicotine levels through genome editing aiming at inactivating key biosynthetic genes.Although stable transformation-mediated genome editing is effective in tobacco,its polyploid nature complicates the complete knockout of genes and the segregation of transgenes from edited plants.In this study,we developed a non-transgenic genome editing method in tobacco by delivering the CRISPR/Cas machinery via an engineered negative-strand RNA rhabdovirus vector,followed by the regeneration of mutant plants through tissue culture.Using this method,we targeted six berberine bridge enzyme-like protein(BBL)family genes for mutagenesis,which are implicated in the last steps of pyridine alkaloid biosynthesis,in the commercial tobacco cultivar Hongda.We generated a panel of 16 mutant lines that were homozygous for mutations in various combinations of BBL genes.Alkaloid profiling revealed that lines homozygous for BBLa and BBLb mutations exhibited drastically reduced nicotine levels,while other BBL members played a minor role in nicotine synthesis.The decline of nicotine content in these lines was accompanied by reductions in anatabine and cotinine levels but increases in nornicotine and its derivative myosmine.Preliminary agronomic evaluation identified two low-nicotine lines with growth phenotypes comparable to those of wild-type plants under greenhouse and field conditions.Our work provides potentially valuable genetic materials for breeding low-nicotine tobacco and enhances our understanding of alkaloid biosynthesis.
基金funded by the National Nature Science Foundation(Nos.21901110,52001265 and 12274356)Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province(No.2021J01847)+3 种基金Fujian Provincial Department of Education Fund(No.JAT190337)Fujian Provincial Department of Science and Technology(No.2019J06001)the Open Fund of Xiamen Key Laboratory of Marine Corrosion and Smart Protective Materialsthe 111 Project(No.B16029)。
文摘Functional carbon nanomaterials have become the stars of many active research fields,such as electronics,energy,catalysis,imaging,sensing and biomedicine.Herein,a facile and one-pot strategy for generating ferromagnetic nanoparticles loaded on N-doped carbon nanosheets(Fe-N-CNS)is presented by salt-assisted high-temperature carbonization of natural silk proteins.Due to their graphitic structures,N-doping and ferromagnetic nanoparticles(FeN_(x),FeO_(y),FeC_(z)),the silk-derived Fe-N-CNS can act as excellent mimics of both peroxidase and oxidase.Benefiting from the combined character of the graphene-like structures and enzyme-like activities,Fe-N-CNS can be further applied to highly efficient dye removal via synergistic adsorption and degradation.Meanwhile,the as-prepared Fe-N-CNS with intrinsic magnetism and electrical conductivity can also serve as an efficient electromagnetic wave absorption agent.The broadest effective absorption bandwidth(EAB)of as-obtained absorbing material yields a 6.73 GHz with 1 mm thickness,with a maximum reflection loss of-37.33 dB(11.41 GHz).The EAB can cover2~18 GHz with a tunable absorber thickness from 1.0 mm to 5.0 mm.Collectively,Fe-N-CNS,as a dualfunctional material,can tackle the aggravating environmental pollution issues of both dyes and electromagnetic waves.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52072152,and 51802126)the Jiangsu University Jinshan Professor Fund+4 种基金the Jiangsu Specially-Appointed Professor FundOpen Fund from Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Materials,Zhenjiang“Jinshan Talents”Project 2021China PostDoctoral Science Foundation(No.2022M721372)“Doctor of Entrepreneurship and Innovation”in Jiangsu Province(No.JSSCBS20221197)the Postgraduate Research&Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province(Nos.KYCX22_3645 and KYCX24_3964).
文摘Natural enzymes are highly efficient catalysts with strong substrate specificity,making them ideal for biomedical applications.However,they often face issues such as variability,high costs,challenging preparation processes,and difficulties in large-scale production.This has led to significant efforts in developing effective nanoenzymes and exploring their application potential.In recent years,carbon dots(CDs)have gained attention due to their strong fluorescence,excellent biocompatibility,and low cytotoxicity.Cationic CDs,which possess a positively charged surface,have shown the ability to mimic natural enzyme applications.The positive charge on the surfaces of these nanomaterials significantly influences their fluorescence,biological activity,and interactions with other biomolecules.Therefore,understanding how surface charge affects the performance of CDs is crucial for enhancing their usability.Considerable progress has been made in the design,synthesis,and mechanistic research of enzyme-like cationic CDs,as well as their advanced applications.This article reviews the latest research on the design structure,catalytic mechanisms,biosensing capabilities,and biomedical applications of enzyme-like cationic CDs.First,we review the synthesis strategies for cationic CDs and how surface charge influences their physical and chemical properties.Next,we highlight various applications of these cationic CDs,demonstrating their use in areas such as detection,biomedical applications(including antibacterial agents,gene carriers,and therapeutic agents),catalysis,and more.Finally,we discuss the challenges and obstacles faced in the development of cationic CDs and look forward to exploring new applications in the future.
基金funded by the Natural Science Fund for Colleges and Universities in Jiangsu Province(21KJB220015)the Taicang Technology Project(TC2021JC11)+1 种基金the Innovation Team Funds of the Suzhou Chien-shiung Institute of Technology(2023JXKYTD01)the Visiting Scholar Project for Higher Vocational Colleges in Jiangsu Province(2024GRFX045)。
文摘With the development of nanotechnology,“nanozymes”,a kind of nanomaterials with high enzyme-like activity,have attracted much attention because of their exciting and extensive applications.As an emerging layered nanomaterial,molybdenum disulfide(MoS_(2)),which has unique chemical and physical properties,has been used to construct nanozymes with diff erent compositions,structures,and morphologies.Moreover,MoS_(2)-based nanozymes have been widely applied in sensing,catalysis,and disease diagnosis.Herein,the applications of MoS_(2)-based nanozymes in the sensing field are summarized.First,the preparation of MoS_(2)-based nanozymes,including noble metal nanoparticle-,carbon-based material-,and organic molecule-hybridized nanozymes,is introduced.The recent advances in MoS_(2)-based nanozymes used in sensing applications,including environmental monitoring,biochemical analysis,and disease diagnosis,are systematically discussed.Finally,the challenges and opportunities for MoS_(2)-based nanozymes in the future are also discussed.
基金financially supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21475116,21575125 and 22474124)the National Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(Nos.BK20221370,BK20211362)+5 种基金Key University Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu-Province(No.20KJA150004)the Project for Science and Technology of Yangzhou(No.YZ2022074)the Project for Yangzhou City and Yangzhou University corporation(No.YZ2023204)Cross cooperation project of Subei Peoples’Hospital of Jiangsu Province(No.SBJC220009)the Open Research Fund of State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science(No.SKLACLS2405)Postgraduate Research&Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province(No.KYCX24_3728)。
文摘Ultrasensitive detection of multiple diseases markers is of great importance in improving diagnostic accuracy,precision,and efficiency.A versatile Au nanozyme Raman probe strategy was employed to develop an ultrasensitive multiplex surface-enhanced Raman scattering(SERS)immunosensor using encoded silica photonic crystal beads(SPCBs).The efficient Au nanozyme Raman probe strategy was constructed using a robust Au nanozyme with high dual enzyme-like activity and SERS activity.On the one hand,Au nanozyme tags with oxidase-like activity can catalyze the oxidation of Raman-inactive 3,3,5,5-tetramethylbenzidine(TMB)to Raman-active oxidized TMB(ox-TMB)in the presence of O_(2).On the other hand,Au nanozyme tags with peroxidase-like activity can catalyze Raman-inactive TMB to Ramanactive ox-TMB in the presence of H_(2)O_(2).This dual catalysis action results in many Raman-active reporter molecules(ox-TMB)enabling highly sensitive detection.Meanwhile,the Au nanozyme as an extraordinary SERS substrate further enhances the detection signals of these Raman reporter molecules.Using reflection peaks of different SPCBs to encode tumor markers,an ultrasensitive multiplex SERS immunosensor was developed for detection of carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA)and alpha-fetoprotein(AFP),which exhibited wide linear ranges of 0.001-100 ng/m L for CEA and 0.01-1000 ng/m L for AFP,accompanied by low detection limits of 0.66 pg/m L for CEA and 9.5 pg/m L for AFP,respectively.This work demonstrates a universal and promising nanozyme Raman probe strategy to develop ultrasensitive multiplex SERS immunosensors for precise clinical diagnosis of disease.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFA1205801)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(T2225026,82172087,and 8210054010).
文摘In the past decade,nanozymes-a unique class of nanomaterials with inherent enzyme-mimetic properties-have fascinated researchers,revealing unexpected enzyme-like activity of nanomaterials previously considered biologically inert.In particular,as metal-free catalyst for biological processes,carbon-based nanozymes have grown in popularity due to their exceptional physical and chemical characteristics.So far,a variety of carbon-based nanozymes with various structures such as fullerene,graphene oxide,carbon dot,carbon nanotube,and carbon nanosphere have been reported possessing a wide range of enzyme-like properties.However,the structure-activity relationship of the carbon-based nanozymes have not yet been comprehensively discussed.In this review,we thoroughly examine the recent findings on the structure-activity connection of carbon nanozymes,in an effort to comprehend the underlying mechanism of carbon nanozymes and throw light on the future direction of the systematic design and construction of functionally specific carbon nanozymes.We also will address the broad range of applications of carbon nanozymes from in vitro detection to replacing specific enzymes in living systems.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31871005,31530026,and 31900981)Chinese Academy of Sciences(YJKYYQ20180048),the Strategic Priority Research Program(XDB29040101)+2 种基金the Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences(QYZDY-SSW-SMC013)Chinese Academy of Sciences and National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFA0205501)Youth Innovation Promotion Association CAS(2019093)。
文摘Nanozymes,a type of nanomaterials with enzyme-like activity,have shown great potential to replace natural enzymes in many fields such as biochemical detection,environmental management and disease treatment.However,the catalytic efficiency and substrate specificity of nanozymes still need improvement.To further optimize the enzymatic properties of nanozymes,recent studies have introduced the structural characteristics of natural enzymes into the rational design of nanozymes,either by employing small molecules to mimic the cofactors of natural enzymes to boost nanozymes’catalytic potential,or by simulating the active center of natural enzymes to construct the nanostructure of nanozymes.This review introduces the commonly used bio-inspired strategies to create nanozymes,aiming at clarifying the current progress and bottlenecks.Advances and challenges focusing on the research of bio-inspired nanozymes are outlined to provide ideas for the de novo design of ideal nanozymes.
基金This work was supported by China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Nos.2019T120754 and 2018M633229)Sanming Project of Medicine in Shenzhen(No.SZSM201612031)+4 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province of China(Nos.2018A030310665 and 2018A0303130295)Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Committee(Nos.ZDSYS201707281114196,JCYJ20170306091657539,JCYJ20170413162242627,JCYJ20190806163814395,JCYJ-20170306091452714,and GJHZ20170313172439851)Development and Reform Commission of Shenzhen Municipality(No.S2016005470013)National Key R&D Program of China(No.2017YFA0205501)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.81722024 and 81571728).
文摘Nanozymes are nanomaterials with enzyme-like properties that have attracted significant interest owing to their capability to address the limitations of traditional enzymes such as fragility,high cost,and impossible mass production.Over the past decade,a broad variety of nanomaterials have been found to mimic the enzyme-like activity by engineering the active centers of natural enzymes or developing multivalent elements within nanostructures.Carbon nanomaterials with well-defined electronic and geometric structures have served as favorable surrogates of traditional enzymes by mimicking the highly evolved catalytic center of natural enzymes.In particular,by combining the unique electronic,optical,thermal,and mechanical properties,carbon nanomaterials-based nanozymes can offer a variety of multifunctional platforms for biomedical applications.In this review,we will introduce the enzymatic characteristics and recent advances of carbon nanozymes,and summarize their significant applications in biomedicine.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Nos.2022YFA1207300 and 2021YFE0112600)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.XDB36000000)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.12174032).
文摘The past four years have witnessed booming progress in single-atom nanozymes(SANs),one of the newest generations of nanozymes with atomically dispersed metal sites for catalytic biomedical uses.They show distinct advantages over their nanoparticle-based counterparts,such as well-defined electronic/geometric structures and complete atomic utilization efficiency,thus offering opportunities to develop advanced nanozymes for practical uses.The atomically dispersed active centers in SANs could also facilitate the precise regulation of catalytic performance,while probing structure–activity relationship for in-depth understanding of mechanism.In this review,we first introduce the synthetic approaches,surface engineering,and characterization techniques of SANs.Subsequently,we discuss the enzyme-like properties of SANs,including some strategies for boosting their catalytic activities.Furthermore,we present their biomedical applications,ranging from biosensors,antibacterial uses,antioxidants,to therapeutics.Finally,the challenges and opportunities of SANs are prospected.
基金supported by Jacobs Fellowship from the University of California San Diego.
文摘Nanozymes have a similar catalytic mechanism to natural enzymes,with excellent performance,facile synthesis,and better stability.Single-atom nanozymes are developed based on single-atom catalysts due to their advantages in coordination structure and electronic configuration,making them highly enzymatic-like biomimetic catalysts.Central nervous system(CNS)diseases have become one of the biggest killers of human health because they are difficult to diagnose and treat,expensive,and result in serious illness.Single-atom nanozymes have been widely used for biomedical applications,especially in oxidative-stressinduced diseases and most CNS diseases which are closely related to oxidative stress.Therefore,single-atom nanozymes show promising application prospects for the treatment of CNS diseases.In addition,due to the outstanding material properties and sensitivity of single-atom nanozymes,they also exhibit great advantages in detecting various CNS disease markers for diagnosis.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development(R&D)Program of China(No.2017YFA0205501)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.T2225026 and 82172087)+1 种基金the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.2018017)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2021M690383).
文摘Single-atom nanozyme(SAzyme)is the hot topic of the current nanozyme research.Its intrinsic properties,such as high activity,stability,and low cost,present great substitutes to natural enzymes.Moreover,its fundamental characteristics,i.e.,maximized atom utilizations and well-defined geometric and electronic structures,lead to higher catalytic activities and specificity than traditional nanozymes.SAzymes have been applied in many biomedical areas,such as anti-tumor therapy,biosensing,antibiosis,and anti-oxidation therapy.Here,we will discuss a series of representative examples of SAzymes categorized by their biomedical applications in this review.In the end,we will address the future opportunities and challenges SAzymes facing in their designs and applications.
