Appreciable amounts of selenium in spring and well waters can be found due to geological occurrence. Concentrations of as much as 400 9000 μg/l have been reported in U. S. waters.These levels are 8 to 180 times the c...Appreciable amounts of selenium in spring and well waters can be found due to geological occurrence. Concentrations of as much as 400 9000 μg/l have been reported in U. S. waters.These levels are 8 to 180 times the current EPA drinking water standard and approximate dietary exposures of 4900μg in selenosis regions of China. Reviews of health significance of the elevated drinking water exposures to U. S. populations revealed elevated concentrations of selenium in urine and blood. A decrease in glutathione peroxidase activity in such instances was noted. However noticeable symptoms and signs seem absent in studies reviewed. A comparison of intake levels (diet or drinking water) to urinary excretion for residents of China and the U. S. produced a correlation coefficient, r = 0. 82 (P < 0. 01 ) for the three research studies available展开更多
Benzotriazole ultraviolet stabilizers(BUVs),exten-sively used synthetic UV absorbers,are established global contaminants exhibiting persistence and bioaccumulation.Ubiq-uitously detected in diverse environmental matri...Benzotriazole ultraviolet stabilizers(BUVs),exten-sively used synthetic UV absorbers,are established global contaminants exhibiting persistence and bioaccumulation.Ubiq-uitously detected in diverse environmental matrices(water,wastewater,sediment,air,dust,and soil)and organisms,their distribution shows significant regional and seasonal variations driven by urbanization and wastewater discharge.Notably,UV-328,UV-329,UV-234,and UV-P occur at elevated concentrations,with air and dust being the most contaminated media(even reaching levels ng/g toμg/g dw).Toxicological studies demonstrate that BUVs induce multifaceted biotoxicity,including endocrine toxicity,reproductive and developmental toxicity,immunotoxicity,hepatotoxicity,and neurotoxicity.Endocrine toxicity is the most extensively characterized effect.Moreover,BUVs disrupt critical human physiological processes and impair plant photosynthesis.Biotoxicity is mediated through molecular mechanisms:AHR pathway,ER/ERR activation,oxidative stress,lipid metabolism,and apoptosis.Among the BUVs,toxic mechanisms of UV-P,UV-234,UV-329,and UV-326 have been studied comprehensively.Notably,UV-P shows the highest estrogenic activity.While current environmental risks are assessed as low to moderate,future ecological disturbances are plausible due to intensifying anthropogenic pressures or bioaccumulation.Despite growing evidence,knowledge gaps persist regarding environmental fate and toxicology mechanisms.This review synthesizes BUVs contamination profiles,ecotoxicological impacts,and risk assessments,informing strategies to mitigate BUVs persistence and toxicity.展开更多
Sea Nine 211, with 4,5-dichloro-2-n-octyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one（DCOIT） being the biocidal ingredient, is a widely-used antifouling agent to deter the undesirable biofouling phenomenon. It is commercially promoted as ...Sea Nine 211, with 4,5-dichloro-2-n-octyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one（DCOIT） being the biocidal ingredient, is a widely-used antifouling agent to deter the undesirable biofouling phenomenon. It is commercially promoted as an environmentally acceptable antifoulant mainly due to its claimed rapid degradation in marine environment. However, increasing researches document varying degradative kinetics in different environments, proving that Sea Nine 211 is actually not degraded equally fast around the world（half-life between〈 1 day and 13.1 days）. Large-scale application of Sea Nine 211 in antifouling coatings has also caused global contamination of marine environment in various compartments. For example, accumulation of Sea Nine 211 is detected as high as 3700 ng/L in Spanish seawater and 281 ng/g dry weight in Korean sediment. Considering that Sea Nine 211 is highly toxic against non-target marine organisms, environmental risk assessment finds that most marine organisms are endangered by Sea Nine 211 in worst-case scenario. Its endocrine disrupting and reproductive impairing effects at environmentally worst-case concentrations further constitute a long-term threat to the maintenance of population stability.Therefore, in the light of the varying degradability, environmental pollution and high toxicity, especially the endocrine disruption, Sea Nine 211 as an antifouling agent is likely to cause non-negligible damages to the marine ecosystem. There is an urgency to perform a systematic ecological risk assessment of Sea Nine 211 to prevent the potential impacts on the health of marine environment. A regular monitoring also becomes necessary to place the usage of antifouling biocides under control.展开更多
In recent years,many serious forest fires occuned in precious Pinus pumila forestsin Daxing'anlingMountains of Heilongjiang Province and Inner Mongolia.But up to now,there is still a lack ofproperunderstanding of ...In recent years,many serious forest fires occuned in precious Pinus pumila forestsin Daxing'anlingMountains of Heilongjiang Province and Inner Mongolia.But up to now,there is still a lack ofproperunderstanding of fire occurrence environments in P.pumila forests.In present paper,we investigated andstudied the fire occurence environments.The results showed that fires in P.pumila forests ha d their ownspecial fire environments.Abundant fiiel,drought weather,dry thunder and high altitude terrain created thespecial fire occurence environments in P.pumila forests in Daxing'anling Mountains.展开更多
文摘Appreciable amounts of selenium in spring and well waters can be found due to geological occurrence. Concentrations of as much as 400 9000 μg/l have been reported in U. S. waters.These levels are 8 to 180 times the current EPA drinking water standard and approximate dietary exposures of 4900μg in selenosis regions of China. Reviews of health significance of the elevated drinking water exposures to U. S. populations revealed elevated concentrations of selenium in urine and blood. A decrease in glutathione peroxidase activity in such instances was noted. However noticeable symptoms and signs seem absent in studies reviewed. A comparison of intake levels (diet or drinking water) to urinary excretion for residents of China and the U. S. produced a correlation coefficient, r = 0. 82 (P < 0. 01 ) for the three research studies available
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.42207324(M.G.)and 42307146(D.C.)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province under Grant No.BK20230762(D.C.).
文摘Benzotriazole ultraviolet stabilizers(BUVs),exten-sively used synthetic UV absorbers,are established global contaminants exhibiting persistence and bioaccumulation.Ubiq-uitously detected in diverse environmental matrices(water,wastewater,sediment,air,dust,and soil)and organisms,their distribution shows significant regional and seasonal variations driven by urbanization and wastewater discharge.Notably,UV-328,UV-329,UV-234,and UV-P occur at elevated concentrations,with air and dust being the most contaminated media(even reaching levels ng/g toμg/g dw).Toxicological studies demonstrate that BUVs induce multifaceted biotoxicity,including endocrine toxicity,reproductive and developmental toxicity,immunotoxicity,hepatotoxicity,and neurotoxicity.Endocrine toxicity is the most extensively characterized effect.Moreover,BUVs disrupt critical human physiological processes and impair plant photosynthesis.Biotoxicity is mediated through molecular mechanisms:AHR pathway,ER/ERR activation,oxidative stress,lipid metabolism,and apoptosis.Among the BUVs,toxic mechanisms of UV-P,UV-234,UV-329,and UV-326 have been studied comprehensively.Notably,UV-P shows the highest estrogenic activity.While current environmental risks are assessed as low to moderate,future ecological disturbances are plausible due to intensifying anthropogenic pressures or bioaccumulation.Despite growing evidence,knowledge gaps persist regarding environmental fate and toxicology mechanisms.This review synthesizes BUVs contamination profiles,ecotoxicological impacts,and risk assessments,informing strategies to mitigate BUVs persistence and toxicity.
文摘Sea Nine 211, with 4,5-dichloro-2-n-octyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one（DCOIT） being the biocidal ingredient, is a widely-used antifouling agent to deter the undesirable biofouling phenomenon. It is commercially promoted as an environmentally acceptable antifoulant mainly due to its claimed rapid degradation in marine environment. However, increasing researches document varying degradative kinetics in different environments, proving that Sea Nine 211 is actually not degraded equally fast around the world（half-life between〈 1 day and 13.1 days）. Large-scale application of Sea Nine 211 in antifouling coatings has also caused global contamination of marine environment in various compartments. For example, accumulation of Sea Nine 211 is detected as high as 3700 ng/L in Spanish seawater and 281 ng/g dry weight in Korean sediment. Considering that Sea Nine 211 is highly toxic against non-target marine organisms, environmental risk assessment finds that most marine organisms are endangered by Sea Nine 211 in worst-case scenario. Its endocrine disrupting and reproductive impairing effects at environmentally worst-case concentrations further constitute a long-term threat to the maintenance of population stability.Therefore, in the light of the varying degradability, environmental pollution and high toxicity, especially the endocrine disruption, Sea Nine 211 as an antifouling agent is likely to cause non-negligible damages to the marine ecosystem. There is an urgency to perform a systematic ecological risk assessment of Sea Nine 211 to prevent the potential impacts on the health of marine environment. A regular monitoring also becomes necessary to place the usage of antifouling biocides under control.
基金supported by the Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund Supporting Program(CAFRIFEEP200809)the State Forestry Administration Key Project(2006-84)
文摘In recent years,many serious forest fires occuned in precious Pinus pumila forestsin Daxing'anlingMountains of Heilongjiang Province and Inner Mongolia.But up to now,there is still a lack ofproperunderstanding of fire occurrence environments in P.pumila forests.In present paper,we investigated andstudied the fire occurence environments.The results showed that fires in P.pumila forests ha d their ownspecial fire environments.Abundant fiiel,drought weather,dry thunder and high altitude terrain created thespecial fire occurence environments in P.pumila forests in Daxing'anling Mountains.
