Northeast India has a good deposit of sub-bituminous tertiary coal. The northeast Indian coals have unusual physico-chemical characteristics such as high sulfur, volatile matter and vitrinite content, and low ash cont...Northeast India has a good deposit of sub-bituminous tertiary coal. The northeast Indian coals have unusual physico-chemical characteristics such as high sulfur, volatile matter and vitrinite content, and low ash content. In addition, many environmental sensitive organic and mineral bound elements such as Fe, Mg, Bi, AI, V, Cu, Cd, Ni, Pb, and Mn etc. remain enriched in these coals. Such characteristics are associated with more severe environmental impacts due to mining and its utilization in coal based industries. Environmental challenges include large scale landscape damage, soil erosion, loss of forest ecosystem and wildlife habitat, air, water and soil pollution. Several physical and chemical methods are reported in literature for the removal of mineral matter, total sulfur and different forms of sulfur from high sulfur coal in northeast India. This paper may help different researchers and stakeholders to understand current state of research in the field. Initiatives may be taken towards sustainable use of coal resources by adopting innovative clean technologies and by implementing effective control measures and regulatory policies.展开更多
The current status of chemical fertilizers production and consumption in China as well as their important roles in Chinese modern agriculture are discussed with special concerns to the environmental issues related to ...The current status of chemical fertilizers production and consumption in China as well as their important roles in Chinese modern agriculture are discussed with special concerns to the environmental issues related to chemical fertilizer use. On the one hand, the total amount of chemical fertilizer produced is insufficient to meet the agricultural needs. On the other hand, the production and consumption of chemical fertilizers in China are obviously not balanced. In some areas over application of nitrogen fertilizers and loss of phosphate fertilizer due to soil erosion have resulted in some undesirable environmental problems such as increase of nitrate in water and eutrophication of water bodies. Maximum scientific uses of organic manures in combination with reasonable use of chemical fertilizers are part of good practices not only in increasing soil productivity and keeping sustainable agriculture development but also in mimimizing their detrimental effects on the environment.展开更多
Environmental Engineers are generally unable to proclaim their projects or their engineering solutions against any problem to large masses. Environmental Engineering includes two fundamental approaches： preventing th...Environmental Engineers are generally unable to proclaim their projects or their engineering solutions against any problem to large masses. Environmental Engineering includes two fundamental approaches： preventing the pollution, and solving the poUution problem after it is arised. Although the first one is preferred, in many developing countries the general tendency is as the solution of pollution after generation. Neither politicians nor public are willing to pay before seeing the threat, although they should be. This conflict decelerates the works to keep the environment and increase the non-success stories and problemmatic situatons. The growing concern in pollution problems gave rise to intensive coverage of the media as one of their main public responsibilities. Because file influence of the media has been regarded as a powerful force in society for many years, the coverage of environmental problems increase the awareness and reduce the resistance against the engineering works. Under these circarnstances this study focuses on the effect of media on public awareness and their participation in the solution of environmental problems. When the journalists are aware of their role in environmental issues, the program will be of high quality and accomplishes the objective, therefore supporting the Environmental Engineers in creating solutions. As a sample, a national Turkish commercial broadcasting company programs were investigated via contents analy sis and discussed.展开更多
Environmental issues are not inexhaustible, such as climate change, rubbish, nuclear waste, industrial cesspool, compost heap, etc.. Unfortunately, internalization of the environment is not passively done, for example...Environmental issues are not inexhaustible, such as climate change, rubbish, nuclear waste, industrial cesspool, compost heap, etc.. Unfortunately, internalization of the environment is not passively done, for example, through language （literature）. Environmental issues seem to have not received the attention seriously. Those issues can be seen in Indonesia language policies （ILP） from pre-colonial until reform era. ILP can be classified into seven periods, namely： pre-colonial （1331-1627）, Dutch （1816-1942）, Youth Pledge （1928-1942）, Japanese （1942-1945）, Old Order （1945-1966）, New Order （1966-1998）, Reform （1998-present）. The seventh period discusses the language policies, but an article focuses on environmental issues in language policy and language planning.展开更多
The objectives of this article are to: analyze the relationship between tourism and recreation and major environmental issues; analyze tourism and recreation in the context of general issue of sustainable development;...The objectives of this article are to: analyze the relationship between tourism and recreation and major environmental issues; analyze tourism and recreation in the context of general issue of sustainable development; consider implications for policy development and implementation.展开更多
○The nationwide campaign of affores-tation on voluntary basis in China waslaunched in 1981.By 1991, the totalgreenland in cities across the countryreached 57,900 ha., and the greening areaalong highways 28,900 ha. Th...○The nationwide campaign of affores-tation on voluntary basis in China waslaunched in 1981.By 1991, the totalgreenland in cities across the countryreached 57,900 ha., and the greening areaalong highways 28,900 ha. The averagegreening area per capita rose from 2.3 sq.min 1981 to 3.9 sq.m, and the green coverfrom 14.8% to 19.2% in cities among展开更多
Seven key indicators standardize and integrate transparency BASF, the world’s leading chemical company, will enhance its transparency in Greater China by reporting annually on seven key financial, social and environm...Seven key indicators standardize and integrate transparency BASF, the world’s leading chemical company, will enhance its transparency in Greater China by reporting annually on seven key financial, social and environmental indicators: sales, number of employees,展开更多
Geologists can offer key insights in regard to several high profile environmental issues that are faced today. At the same time, like scientists in most other disciplines, many geologists are not naturally adept at co...Geologists can offer key insights in regard to several high profile environmental issues that are faced today. At the same time, like scientists in most other disciplines, many geologists are not naturally adept at communicating in an effective manner with non-geologists. This paper firstly identifies the more subtle facets of topical major issues （the drivers） where geologists can contribute important perspectives. Next, the detractions to effective communication are identified, along with the recommended means to overcome them （the mechanisms）. Many topical issues are in fact geologically-underpinned （e.g. obviously, geohazards）, so geologists ought to have something meaningful to say. By the same token, if geologists have difficulty communicating with other scientists, how can they possibly hope to communicate with journalists and with the public at large？ Proper scientific contextualization is an ideal starting point, but this fundamental framing step does not always suit protagonists who have non-scientific agendas. Thus, geologists not only have to convey their science （geology） in an understandable way, but to do so in a truly effective manner must recognize and take into account possible predispositions that their audience may have.展开更多
The purpose of this study was to investigate student＇s awareness, knowledge and understanding of environmental issues for sustainable development. Findings revealed that： despite the positive attitude shown by stude...The purpose of this study was to investigate student＇s awareness, knowledge and understanding of environmental issues for sustainable development. Findings revealed that： despite the positive attitude shown by students towards environmental education, a relatively low level of understanding of environmental concept was recorded in school settings regardless of efforts by government and other environmental agencies at creating awareness about environmental related issues. This brought about the investigation of students＇ environmental education knowledge in high school settings. About 205 students were randomly selected for data collection using validated instruments titled student＇s knowledge and attitude questionnaire as well as student＇s response to questions （interview） concerning global warming. T-test statistics, chi-square and simple percentage were the major statistical tools employed in data analysis. This study revealed that environment based-education （school curriculum） as well as efforts by government/environmental agencies （mass media） plays a major role in promoting students＇ understanding, of environmental concepts, awareness of major environmental issues and positive attitude towards natural environment.展开更多
This qualitative research study addresses the research question of how the environmental sustainability initiative of 7G （Seventh Generation）, a product design, marketing, and distribution company in the household a...This qualitative research study addresses the research question of how the environmental sustainability initiative of 7G （Seventh Generation）, a product design, marketing, and distribution company in the household and personal care products, could be understood within its supply chain context using Tornatzky and Fleischer＇s TOE （Technology-Organization-Environment） framework. Content analysis, a research technique for making valid inferences from text following a set of procedures, was used and applied to secondary data materials on 7G. The findings reveal that the environmental, organizational, and technological contexts, which are key elements of the TOE framework, are useful in analyzing and comprehending the business practices and business processes adopted by 7G to pursue its sustainability initiative. Of particular interest are those business processes that were included by 7G＇s EMS （Environment Management System） and enabled by green IS （Information Systems）. Both the strengths and weaknesses of 7G＇s efforts are discussed and suggestions are presented for modifying certain phases of the systems development life cycle methodology when implementing green IS.展开更多
The accumulation of environmental problems,but also the ever-increasing impetuosity with which they manifest,led,starting in 1970,to the need for the emergence and development of a new branch of traditional ethics.Env...The accumulation of environmental problems,but also the ever-increasing impetuosity with which they manifest,led,starting in 1970,to the need for the emergence and development of a new branch of traditional ethics.Environmental ethics is concerned with finding answers to ethical questions circumscribed to the sphere of human relations with the non-human part of nature.The new field has proven to be an active involvement factor in promoting human values that emphasize the human-environment relationship.Many environmental ethicists believe that the non-human universe has value per se.The article undertakes a theoretical approach that tries to capture the relevant aspects of the efforts by which environmental ethicists combine their activity with other entities,responsible structures,in the collective intervention approach to improve environmental problems.展开更多
With the rapid economic development,environmental issues have become increasingly prominent.Not just urban,rural environmental problems are more and more serious.Rural environmental problems,which is not only relevant...With the rapid economic development,environmental issues have become increasingly prominent.Not just urban,rural environmental problems are more and more serious.Rural environmental problems,which is not only relevant to ecological livelihood,but also an important part of building a new socialist countryside country.This article focuses on the rural environmental problem which remains unresolved.We can explain it from the lack of rigid institutional awareness.展开更多
Under the background of the rapid development and progress of China's industrialization, the ecological environment has been damaged accordingly. In the current period, the energy conservation and environmental pr...Under the background of the rapid development and progress of China's industrialization, the ecological environment has been damaged accordingly. In the current period, the energy conservation and environmental protection of flue gas desulfurization and denitration technology has become an important problem that thermal power plants need to face. Based on this, this article will introduce several flue gas desulfurization and denitration technology frequently used in thermal power plants, at the same time, the technical skills of flue gas desulfurization and denitration technology and environmental protection of the corresponding analysis and elaboration, hope that through the study of this paper, can provide some effective suggestions and ideas for the relevant staff.展开更多
1 The 2025 FIRST Robotics Competition(FRC)Shanghai Regional has returned to the city,inspiring youth in science and technology.The three⁃day event,starting from March 14,has brought together nearly 1,000 young competi...1 The 2025 FIRST Robotics Competition(FRC)Shanghai Regional has returned to the city,inspiring youth in science and technology.The three⁃day event,starting from March 14,has brought together nearly 1,000 young competitors from 43 teams—including three international teams.Held at East China Normal University,the event centered on this year's theme“Reefscape”,challenging participants to address environmental issues through robotics.Teams have to design and program robots to transplant artificial coral and collect simulated algae(模拟藻类),simulating marine ecosystems'restoration processes.展开更多
To some extent, China’s security environment depends on if it has active creation, understanding, attention and vigilance on the common interests of the surrounding areas and groups of states, and if it could take ti...To some extent, China’s security environment depends on if it has active creation, understanding, attention and vigilance on the common interests of the surrounding areas and groups of states, and if it could take timely and proper countermeasures. In my personal view, two principles should be taken into consideration. The first principle is展开更多
A series of environmental and energy issues,such as global warming,water pollution,acid rain,and energy shortage,have to be settled urgently.Metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)are compounds consisting of metal ions or clus...A series of environmental and energy issues,such as global warming,water pollution,acid rain,and energy shortage,have to be settled urgently.Metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)are compounds consisting of metal ions or clusters coordinated to organic ligands,which show great promise for alleviating or mitigating these challenges owing to their outstanding physical and chemical properties.In this review,we summarize the recent advances of MOFs in the fields of green applications,including carbon capture,harmful gas removal,sewage treatment,and green energy storage.In addition,the challenges and prospects of the large-scale commercialized use of MOFs in handling environmental issues are also discussed.展开更多
Photocatalysis is an advanced oxidation process where light exposure triggers a semiconducting nanomaterial(nano-photocatalyst)to generate electron-hole(e^(-)/h^(+))pairs and free radicals.This phenomenon is widely us...Photocatalysis is an advanced oxidation process where light exposure triggers a semiconducting nanomaterial(nano-photocatalyst)to generate electron-hole(e^(-)/h^(+))pairs and free radicals.This phenomenon is widely used for the photocatalysis-assisted removal of organic and other contaminants using wide range of nanophotocatalysts,offering an efficient approach to environmental remediation.However,the introduction of powdered nano-photocatalysts into water systems often leads to unintended secondary pollution in the form of residual nano-photocatalysts,ion leaching,free radicals,toxic by-products etc.Such practices potentially introduce emerging secondary contaminants into aquatic environments,posing risks to both aquatic life and human health.The resulting chemical by-products and intermediates can effectively induce chronic toxicity,neurological and developmental disorders,cardiovascular defects,and intestinal ailments in humans and aquatic species.Despite having a range of health and environmental consequences,this dark side of nano-photocatalysts has been comparatively less explored and discussed in the literature.In this review,the pros and cons of powder nanophotocatalysts are discussed in view of their advantages as well as disadvantages in wastewater treatment.The discussion encompasses their classification based on composition,dimensions,structure,and activity,as well as recent advancements in improving their photocatalytic efficiency.The article also explores the recent advances on their applications in photocatalytic removal of various water pollutants/contaminants of emerging concern(i.e.,organic pollutants,micro/nano plastics,heavy ions,disinfections,etc.)Furthermore,an emphasis on the role of such nano-photocatalysts as emerging(secondary)contaminants in water system,along with a thorough discussion of latest studies related to the health and environmental issues,has been discussed.Additionally,it addresses critical issues in applying powder nano-photocatalysts for wastewater detoxification and explores potential solutions to these challenges followed by future prospects.展开更多
Se San river is one of main branches of Me Kong river, it has rather rich water resource, and the topographical condition of the catchment and river are very good for hydropower development. The aquatic life in Se San...Se San river is one of main branches of Me Kong river, it has rather rich water resource, and the topographical condition of the catchment and river are very good for hydropower development. The aquatic life in Se San River is rich, both with respect to species diversity and biomass. There are about 120 fish species are recorded, but the number of species is most likely higher, in the range from 200-300 species, fish is a very important food source for the local people. Up to now, in the Vietnam part of the Se San catchment there are 6 hydropower projects along Se San river from upstream to Vietnam – Cambodia boundary, and Se San 4A re-regulation reservoir. In the part catchment in Cambodia, in development plan there will be 3 hydropower projects, they are Se San 5/lower Se San 1, lower Se San 3, and lower Se San 2. The hydropower projects on Se San river have impacts on socio-economical development of the region （Vietnam and Cambodia） such as create new energy sources and product condition for remote and difficult areas of the catchmnet, improve the transportation system and living conditions for the rural areas. These hydropower projects also have impacts on natural environment such as flow regime changes at downstream, sediment in downstream river reaches, and some impacts on the ecosystems along river.展开更多
An estimated 0.048-13 million tons are discharged annually into marine systems through rivers and other pathways[1],resulting in about 75-199 million tons of plastic waste,which constitutes 85%of the total weight of m...An estimated 0.048-13 million tons are discharged annually into marine systems through rivers and other pathways[1],resulting in about 75-199 million tons of plastic waste,which constitutes 85%of the total weight of marine debris[2].These plastics decompose into microplastics(MPs)with a diameter of less than 5 mm,contributing to long-term and increasingly severe environmental and health issues.Considering the high carbon content of MPs(38%-92%)[3].展开更多
文摘Northeast India has a good deposit of sub-bituminous tertiary coal. The northeast Indian coals have unusual physico-chemical characteristics such as high sulfur, volatile matter and vitrinite content, and low ash content. In addition, many environmental sensitive organic and mineral bound elements such as Fe, Mg, Bi, AI, V, Cu, Cd, Ni, Pb, and Mn etc. remain enriched in these coals. Such characteristics are associated with more severe environmental impacts due to mining and its utilization in coal based industries. Environmental challenges include large scale landscape damage, soil erosion, loss of forest ecosystem and wildlife habitat, air, water and soil pollution. Several physical and chemical methods are reported in literature for the removal of mineral matter, total sulfur and different forms of sulfur from high sulfur coal in northeast India. This paper may help different researchers and stakeholders to understand current state of research in the field. Initiatives may be taken towards sustainable use of coal resources by adopting innovative clean technologies and by implementing effective control measures and regulatory policies.
文摘The current status of chemical fertilizers production and consumption in China as well as their important roles in Chinese modern agriculture are discussed with special concerns to the environmental issues related to chemical fertilizer use. On the one hand, the total amount of chemical fertilizer produced is insufficient to meet the agricultural needs. On the other hand, the production and consumption of chemical fertilizers in China are obviously not balanced. In some areas over application of nitrogen fertilizers and loss of phosphate fertilizer due to soil erosion have resulted in some undesirable environmental problems such as increase of nitrate in water and eutrophication of water bodies. Maximum scientific uses of organic manures in combination with reasonable use of chemical fertilizers are part of good practices not only in increasing soil productivity and keeping sustainable agriculture development but also in mimimizing their detrimental effects on the environment.
文摘Environmental Engineers are generally unable to proclaim their projects or their engineering solutions against any problem to large masses. Environmental Engineering includes two fundamental approaches： preventing the pollution, and solving the poUution problem after it is arised. Although the first one is preferred, in many developing countries the general tendency is as the solution of pollution after generation. Neither politicians nor public are willing to pay before seeing the threat, although they should be. This conflict decelerates the works to keep the environment and increase the non-success stories and problemmatic situatons. The growing concern in pollution problems gave rise to intensive coverage of the media as one of their main public responsibilities. Because file influence of the media has been regarded as a powerful force in society for many years, the coverage of environmental problems increase the awareness and reduce the resistance against the engineering works. Under these circarnstances this study focuses on the effect of media on public awareness and their participation in the solution of environmental problems. When the journalists are aware of their role in environmental issues, the program will be of high quality and accomplishes the objective, therefore supporting the Environmental Engineers in creating solutions. As a sample, a national Turkish commercial broadcasting company programs were investigated via contents analy sis and discussed.
文摘Environmental issues are not inexhaustible, such as climate change, rubbish, nuclear waste, industrial cesspool, compost heap, etc.. Unfortunately, internalization of the environment is not passively done, for example, through language （literature）. Environmental issues seem to have not received the attention seriously. Those issues can be seen in Indonesia language policies （ILP） from pre-colonial until reform era. ILP can be classified into seven periods, namely： pre-colonial （1331-1627）, Dutch （1816-1942）, Youth Pledge （1928-1942）, Japanese （1942-1945）, Old Order （1945-1966）, New Order （1966-1998）, Reform （1998-present）. The seventh period discusses the language policies, but an article focuses on environmental issues in language policy and language planning.
文摘The objectives of this article are to: analyze the relationship between tourism and recreation and major environmental issues; analyze tourism and recreation in the context of general issue of sustainable development; consider implications for policy development and implementation.
文摘○The nationwide campaign of affores-tation on voluntary basis in China waslaunched in 1981.By 1991, the totalgreenland in cities across the countryreached 57,900 ha., and the greening areaalong highways 28,900 ha. The averagegreening area per capita rose from 2.3 sq.min 1981 to 3.9 sq.m, and the green coverfrom 14.8% to 19.2% in cities among
文摘Seven key indicators standardize and integrate transparency BASF, the world’s leading chemical company, will enhance its transparency in Greater China by reporting annually on seven key financial, social and environmental indicators: sales, number of employees,
文摘Geologists can offer key insights in regard to several high profile environmental issues that are faced today. At the same time, like scientists in most other disciplines, many geologists are not naturally adept at communicating in an effective manner with non-geologists. This paper firstly identifies the more subtle facets of topical major issues （the drivers） where geologists can contribute important perspectives. Next, the detractions to effective communication are identified, along with the recommended means to overcome them （the mechanisms）. Many topical issues are in fact geologically-underpinned （e.g. obviously, geohazards）, so geologists ought to have something meaningful to say. By the same token, if geologists have difficulty communicating with other scientists, how can they possibly hope to communicate with journalists and with the public at large？ Proper scientific contextualization is an ideal starting point, but this fundamental framing step does not always suit protagonists who have non-scientific agendas. Thus, geologists not only have to convey their science （geology） in an understandable way, but to do so in a truly effective manner must recognize and take into account possible predispositions that their audience may have.
文摘The purpose of this study was to investigate student＇s awareness, knowledge and understanding of environmental issues for sustainable development. Findings revealed that： despite the positive attitude shown by students towards environmental education, a relatively low level of understanding of environmental concept was recorded in school settings regardless of efforts by government and other environmental agencies at creating awareness about environmental related issues. This brought about the investigation of students＇ environmental education knowledge in high school settings. About 205 students were randomly selected for data collection using validated instruments titled student＇s knowledge and attitude questionnaire as well as student＇s response to questions （interview） concerning global warming. T-test statistics, chi-square and simple percentage were the major statistical tools employed in data analysis. This study revealed that environment based-education （school curriculum） as well as efforts by government/environmental agencies （mass media） plays a major role in promoting students＇ understanding, of environmental concepts, awareness of major environmental issues and positive attitude towards natural environment.
文摘This qualitative research study addresses the research question of how the environmental sustainability initiative of 7G （Seventh Generation）, a product design, marketing, and distribution company in the household and personal care products, could be understood within its supply chain context using Tornatzky and Fleischer＇s TOE （Technology-Organization-Environment） framework. Content analysis, a research technique for making valid inferences from text following a set of procedures, was used and applied to secondary data materials on 7G. The findings reveal that the environmental, organizational, and technological contexts, which are key elements of the TOE framework, are useful in analyzing and comprehending the business practices and business processes adopted by 7G to pursue its sustainability initiative. Of particular interest are those business processes that were included by 7G＇s EMS （Environment Management System） and enabled by green IS （Information Systems）. Both the strengths and weaknesses of 7G＇s efforts are discussed and suggestions are presented for modifying certain phases of the systems development life cycle methodology when implementing green IS.
文摘The accumulation of environmental problems,but also the ever-increasing impetuosity with which they manifest,led,starting in 1970,to the need for the emergence and development of a new branch of traditional ethics.Environmental ethics is concerned with finding answers to ethical questions circumscribed to the sphere of human relations with the non-human part of nature.The new field has proven to be an active involvement factor in promoting human values that emphasize the human-environment relationship.Many environmental ethicists believe that the non-human universe has value per se.The article undertakes a theoretical approach that tries to capture the relevant aspects of the efforts by which environmental ethicists combine their activity with other entities,responsible structures,in the collective intervention approach to improve environmental problems.
文摘With the rapid economic development,environmental issues have become increasingly prominent.Not just urban,rural environmental problems are more and more serious.Rural environmental problems,which is not only relevant to ecological livelihood,but also an important part of building a new socialist countryside country.This article focuses on the rural environmental problem which remains unresolved.We can explain it from the lack of rigid institutional awareness.
文摘Under the background of the rapid development and progress of China's industrialization, the ecological environment has been damaged accordingly. In the current period, the energy conservation and environmental protection of flue gas desulfurization and denitration technology has become an important problem that thermal power plants need to face. Based on this, this article will introduce several flue gas desulfurization and denitration technology frequently used in thermal power plants, at the same time, the technical skills of flue gas desulfurization and denitration technology and environmental protection of the corresponding analysis and elaboration, hope that through the study of this paper, can provide some effective suggestions and ideas for the relevant staff.
文摘1 The 2025 FIRST Robotics Competition(FRC)Shanghai Regional has returned to the city,inspiring youth in science and technology.The three⁃day event,starting from March 14,has brought together nearly 1,000 young competitors from 43 teams—including three international teams.Held at East China Normal University,the event centered on this year's theme“Reefscape”,challenging participants to address environmental issues through robotics.Teams have to design and program robots to transplant artificial coral and collect simulated algae(模拟藻类),simulating marine ecosystems'restoration processes.
文摘To some extent, China’s security environment depends on if it has active creation, understanding, attention and vigilance on the common interests of the surrounding areas and groups of states, and if it could take timely and proper countermeasures. In my personal view, two principles should be taken into consideration. The first principle is
基金from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21776097,21802103,and 22008032)the Guangdong Natural Science Foundation(2017A030313052)+1 种基金the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2019A1515110706)the Guangdong Natural Science Foundation(2017A030313052)。
文摘A series of environmental and energy issues,such as global warming,water pollution,acid rain,and energy shortage,have to be settled urgently.Metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)are compounds consisting of metal ions or clusters coordinated to organic ligands,which show great promise for alleviating or mitigating these challenges owing to their outstanding physical and chemical properties.In this review,we summarize the recent advances of MOFs in the fields of green applications,including carbon capture,harmful gas removal,sewage treatment,and green energy storage.In addition,the challenges and prospects of the large-scale commercialized use of MOFs in handling environmental issues are also discussed.
基金Council of Scientific and Industrial Research(CSIR),New Delhi for providing Junior Research Fellowship(JRF),Ministry of Education(MoE)New Delhi and National Institute of Technology(NIT),Hamirpur for financial support.
文摘Photocatalysis is an advanced oxidation process where light exposure triggers a semiconducting nanomaterial(nano-photocatalyst)to generate electron-hole(e^(-)/h^(+))pairs and free radicals.This phenomenon is widely used for the photocatalysis-assisted removal of organic and other contaminants using wide range of nanophotocatalysts,offering an efficient approach to environmental remediation.However,the introduction of powdered nano-photocatalysts into water systems often leads to unintended secondary pollution in the form of residual nano-photocatalysts,ion leaching,free radicals,toxic by-products etc.Such practices potentially introduce emerging secondary contaminants into aquatic environments,posing risks to both aquatic life and human health.The resulting chemical by-products and intermediates can effectively induce chronic toxicity,neurological and developmental disorders,cardiovascular defects,and intestinal ailments in humans and aquatic species.Despite having a range of health and environmental consequences,this dark side of nano-photocatalysts has been comparatively less explored and discussed in the literature.In this review,the pros and cons of powder nanophotocatalysts are discussed in view of their advantages as well as disadvantages in wastewater treatment.The discussion encompasses their classification based on composition,dimensions,structure,and activity,as well as recent advancements in improving their photocatalytic efficiency.The article also explores the recent advances on their applications in photocatalytic removal of various water pollutants/contaminants of emerging concern(i.e.,organic pollutants,micro/nano plastics,heavy ions,disinfections,etc.)Furthermore,an emphasis on the role of such nano-photocatalysts as emerging(secondary)contaminants in water system,along with a thorough discussion of latest studies related to the health and environmental issues,has been discussed.Additionally,it addresses critical issues in applying powder nano-photocatalysts for wastewater detoxification and explores potential solutions to these challenges followed by future prospects.
文摘Se San river is one of main branches of Me Kong river, it has rather rich water resource, and the topographical condition of the catchment and river are very good for hydropower development. The aquatic life in Se San River is rich, both with respect to species diversity and biomass. There are about 120 fish species are recorded, but the number of species is most likely higher, in the range from 200-300 species, fish is a very important food source for the local people. Up to now, in the Vietnam part of the Se San catchment there are 6 hydropower projects along Se San river from upstream to Vietnam – Cambodia boundary, and Se San 4A re-regulation reservoir. In the part catchment in Cambodia, in development plan there will be 3 hydropower projects, they are Se San 5/lower Se San 1, lower Se San 3, and lower Se San 2. The hydropower projects on Se San river have impacts on socio-economical development of the region （Vietnam and Cambodia） such as create new energy sources and product condition for remote and difficult areas of the catchmnet, improve the transportation system and living conditions for the rural areas. These hydropower projects also have impacts on natural environment such as flow regime changes at downstream, sediment in downstream river reaches, and some impacts on the ecosystems along river.
基金supported by the Yellow River Scientific Expedition Special Project of the State Key Laboratory of Loess Science(E352010000)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41991252,12405336,42330114,42472253,and 22406145)the Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi(2024JC-YBQN-0298).
文摘An estimated 0.048-13 million tons are discharged annually into marine systems through rivers and other pathways[1],resulting in about 75-199 million tons of plastic waste,which constitutes 85%of the total weight of marine debris[2].These plastics decompose into microplastics(MPs)with a diameter of less than 5 mm,contributing to long-term and increasingly severe environmental and health issues.Considering the high carbon content of MPs(38%-92%)[3].
