Microorganisms actively participate in biogeochemical cycling processes and play a crucial role in maintaining the dynamic balance of hot spring ecosystems.However,the distribution of microbial functional genes and th...Microorganisms actively participate in biogeochemical cycling processes and play a crucial role in maintaining the dynamic balance of hot spring ecosystems.However,the distribution of microbial functional genes and their influencing factors in hot springs remain largely unclear.Therefore,this study investigated the microbial functional genes and their potential for controlling biogeochemical cycles(C,N,S,and P) in the hot Springs of Tengchong,China,using the Geochip method,a functional gene microarray technology.The examined hot springs have very different microbial functional genes.A total of 22 736 gene probe signals were identified,belonging to 567 functional genes and associated with 15 ecological functions,mainly involving stress response,carbon cycle,nitrogen cycle,sulfur cycle,phosphorus cycle and energy processes.The amyA,narG,dsrA and ppx genes were most abundant in carbon,nitrogen,sulfur and phosphorus cycles,respectively,and were significantly correlated with pH,temperature and SO_(4)^(2-).The diversity and abundance of detected gene probes were negatively correlated with temperature.The α-diversity(i.e.,Shannon index) was high at low temperature and low pH.Molecular functional interactions revealed by the gene connectivity levels were negatively correlated with temperature,pH and SO_(4)^(2-).These results suggested that the abundance,diversity and interactions of microbial functional genes were significantly influenced by geochemical parameters.-In addition,some genera possessed functional genes related to carbon,nitrogen,sulfur,and phosphorus cycles and can synergistically control the biogeochemical cycles of carbon,nitrogen,sulfur and phosphorus.These findings provide new insights into the functional potentials of microorganisms to participate in biogeochemical cycles and their responses to environmental factors in hot springs.展开更多
As a major global public health issue,tuberculosis is closely related to multiple socio-ecological factors in its epidemiological patterns~([1]).China,as a high-burden country for tuberculosis,exhibits regional variat...As a major global public health issue,tuberculosis is closely related to multiple socio-ecological factors in its epidemiological patterns~([1]).China,as a high-burden country for tuberculosis,exhibits regional variations in the distribution of the tuberculosis epidemic.To enhance the efficiency of prevention and control,its strategies are undergoing a transition toward regionally differentiated approaches~([2]).展开更多
The study of plant diversity is often hindered by the challenge of integrating data from different sources and different data types.A standardized data system would facilitate detailed exploration of plant distributio...The study of plant diversity is often hindered by the challenge of integrating data from different sources and different data types.A standardized data system would facilitate detailed exploration of plant distribution patterns and dynamics for botanists,ecologists,conservation biologists,and biogeographers.This study proposes a gridded vector data integration method,combining grid-based techniques with vectorization to integrate diverse data types from multiple sources into grids of the same scale.Here we demonstrate the methodology by creating a comprehensive 1°×1°database of western China that includes plant distribution information and environmental factor data.This approach addresses the need for a standardized data system to facilitate exploration of plant distribution patterns and dynamic changes in the region.展开更多
Connection methods are essential for integrating environmental factors with machine learning models for landslide susceptibility assessments.However,current research does not consider the different characteristics of ...Connection methods are essential for integrating environmental factors with machine learning models for landslide susceptibility assessments.However,current research does not consider the different characteristics of continuity and discreteness within environmental factors and therefore does not analyze the suitability of various connection methods for different factor types.Moreover,the applicability of connection methods remains unclear when slope units are used as the basic assessment units.This study employed slope units as mapping units.The original data of 15 environmental factors,including 12 continuous and three discrete factors,and two connection methods,i.e.,frequency ratio(FR)and modified FR(MFR),were separately used to construct the input datasets for landslide susceptibility modeling.The performance of four widely used machine learning models,random forest(RF),support vector machine(SVM),logistic regression(LR),and multilayer perceptron(MLP),was analyzed to evaluate the suitability of the connection methods for landslide susceptibility mapping.The results show that,in contrast to the decision tree-based RF model,the use of different connection methods for different factor types significantly influences the results of nontree models,including SVM,MLP,and LR.SVM model is the most sensitive to factor types and connection methods.When the MFR is used as the connection method,it improves the mapping results,especially for the SVM model.This shows that it is essential to consider the different characteristics of the data and select an appropriate environmental factor connection strategy to increase the effectiveness of landslide susceptibility evaluation.Furthermore,this study explored the role of connective methods from a sample distribution perspective,providing a theoretical foundation for the more rational and effective integration of environmental factors.展开更多
Macrobenthic organisms are commonly employed as biomonitors for environmental risk assessment.In this study,we aimed to investigate the spatial and temporal patterns of the macrobenthic community,which is influenced b...Macrobenthic organisms are commonly employed as biomonitors for environmental risk assessment.In this study,we aimed to investigate the spatial and temporal patterns of the macrobenthic community,which is influenced by environmental factors of sediments and bottom water layer.We sampled a total of 12,11,10,and 11 stations in the Shengsi Archipelago during June 2010,August 2010,November 2020,and April 2021 respectively.A total of 124 species of macrobenthos were identified,with polychaetes being the dominant group.The abundance,biomass,and diversity indices exhibited no significant temporal differences.Similarly,biodiversity did not exhibit a clear spatial gradient,likely due to the small study area and the absence of significant differences in key factors such as depth.However,the stations with the lowest biodiversity values consistently appeared in the southwest region,possibly due to the impact of human activities.Significant differences in the macrobenthic community were observed between all months except between June and August,and mollusk Endopleura lubrica and polychaete Sigambra hanaokai were important contributors to these differences according to the results of the Similarity Percentages analysis.Suspended particulate matter(SPM)was identified as the primary driving factors of macrobenthic variability.In summary,the community structure underwent temporal changes influenced by complex current patterns,while biodiversity remained relatively stable.This study contributes to our understanding of the key environmental factors affecting macrobenthic communities and biodiversity.It also provides valuable data support for the long-term monitoring of macrobenthos and the environment in the Shengsi Archipelago.展开更多
BACKGROUND Neurodevelopmental delays encompass a wide range of conditions that impair cognitive,motor,and social functioning,often increasing the risk of psychiatric comorbidities.Children with these delays frequently...BACKGROUND Neurodevelopmental delays encompass a wide range of conditions that impair cognitive,motor,and social functioning,often increasing the risk of psychiatric comorbidities.Children with these delays frequently present with disorders such as attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder(ADHD),anxiety,and behavioral disturbances,which can significantly affect development and quality of life.While genetic predisposition has been linked to these comorbidities,growing evidence highlights the role of environmental factors,including prenatal and early-life stressors.However,the interaction between genetic susceptibility and environmental influences remains poorly understood.Identifying specific genetic variants,environmental risks,and their interactions is essential for early detection and targeted interventions.AIM To investigate the combined effects of genetic and environmental factors on psychiatric comorbidities in children with neurodevelopmental delays,elucidate underlying mechanisms,and inform clinical management strategies.METHODS This retrospective cohort study included 80 children with confirmed neurodevelopmental delays and 40 age-and sex-matched typically developing controls.Comprehensive clinical and psychiatric evaluations,genetic testing(chromosomal microarray analysis and targeted next-generation sequencing),and environmental exposure assessments were conducted.Statistical analyses explored associations between genetic variants and psychiatric comorbidities,environmental risk factors,and gene-environment interactions.RESULTS Children with neurodevelopmental delays exhibited significantly higher rates of psychiatric comorbidities(70.0%)compared to controls(15.0%),with ADHD(42.5%),anxiety disorders(28.8%),and behavioral disorders(23.8%)being the most common.Pathogenic genetic variants were identified in specific pathways associated with distinct psychiatric presentations:Glutamatergic signaling variants were linked to anxiety disorders(odds ratio=3.8),dopaminergic system variants to ADHD(odds ratio=4.2),and synaptic function variants to both behavioral and anxiety disorders.Environmental factors,particularly prenatal maternal stress,early childhood adversity,and family dysfunction were strong predictors of psychiatric outcomes(β=0.42).Significant gene-environment interactions were identified,indicating that environmental exposure can moderate the effects of genetic risks on psychiatric outcomes.CONCLUSION Psychiatric comorbidities in children with neurodevelopmental delays are significantly influenced by both genetic and environmental factors,with complex interactions between the two.These findings underscore the need for integrated assessments and targeted interventions addressing both biological and environmental contributors to improve outcomes in this vulnerable population.展开更多
Amid the global shift toward climate governance and low-carbon transformation,accurately quantifying environmental risk factors within green bond pricing mechanisms has emerged as a critical issue.Drawing on data from...Amid the global shift toward climate governance and low-carbon transformation,accurately quantifying environmental risk factors within green bond pricing mechanisms has emerged as a critical issue.Drawing on data from China’s green bond market between 2018 and 2023,this study develops a multifactor pricing model that integrates environmental risk premiums.Through regression analysis,it empirically investigates the effects of environmental reputation,transparency of information disclosure,and third-party certification on bond risk premiums.The results indicate that green-labeled bonds carry,on average,a 42.6 basis point lower risk premium compared to non-green bonds,while third-party certification further reduces this premium by an additional 54.1 basis points.Moreover,a one standard deviation improvement in the quality of environmental information disclosure leads to a reduction in bond financing costs by approximately 18 to 25 basis points.Issuers operating in high-energy-consuming industries bear significantly higher environmental risk premiums relative to those in low-energy-consuming sectors.By integrating an ESG scoring framework into bond pricing,this study reveals the transmission channels of environmental risks into market pricing and provides a theoretical foundation for enhancing pricing benchmarks in the green bond market.展开更多
Tuojiang River Basin is a first-class tributary of the upper reaches of the Yangtze River—which is the longest river in China.As phytoplankton are sensitive indicators of trophic changes inwater bodies,characterizing...Tuojiang River Basin is a first-class tributary of the upper reaches of the Yangtze River—which is the longest river in China.As phytoplankton are sensitive indicators of trophic changes inwater bodies,characterizing phytoplankton communities and their growth influencing factors in polluted urban rivers can provide new ideas for pollution control.Here,we used direct microscopic count and environmental DNA(eDNA)metabarcoding methods to investigate phytoplankton community structure in Tuojiang River Basin(Chengdu,Sichuan Province,China).The association between phytoplankton community structure and water environmental factors was evaluated by Mantel analysis.Additional environmental monitoring data were used to pinpoint major factors that influenced phytoplankton growth based on structural equation modeling.At the phylum level,the dominant phytoplankton taxa identified by the conventional microscopic method mainly belonged to Bacillariophyta,Chlorophyta,and Cyanophyta,in contrast with Chlorophyta,Dinophyceae,and Bacillariophyta identified by eDNA metabarcoding.Inα-diversity analysis,eDNA metabarcoding detected greater species diversity and achieved higher precision than the microscopic method.Phytoplankton growth was largely limited by phosphorus based on the nitrogen-to-phosphorus ratios>16:1 in all water samples.Redundancy analysis and structural equation modeling also confirmed that the nitrogen-to-phosphorus ratio was the principal factor influencing phytoplankton growth.The results could be useful for implementing comprehensive management of the river basin environment.It is recommended to control the discharge of point-and surface-source pollutants and the concentration of dissolved oxygen in areas with excessive nutrients(e.g.,Jianyang-Ziyang).Algae monitoring techniques and removal strategies should be improved in 201 Hospital,Hongrihe Bridge and Colmar Town areas.展开更多
Objective We aimed to investigate the patterns of fasting blood glucose(FBG)trajectories and analyze the relationship between various occupational hazard factors and FBG trajectories in male steelworkers.Methods The s...Objective We aimed to investigate the patterns of fasting blood glucose(FBG)trajectories and analyze the relationship between various occupational hazard factors and FBG trajectories in male steelworkers.Methods The study cohort included 3,728 workers who met the selection criteria for the Tanggang Occupational Cohort(TGOC)between 2017 and 2022.A group-based trajectory model was used to identify the FBG trajectories.Environmental risk scores(ERS)were constructed using regression coefficients from the occupational hazard model as weights.Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to explore the effects of occupational hazard factors using the ERS on FBG trajectories.Results FBG trajectories were categorized into three groups.An association was observed between high temperature,noise exposure,and FBG trajectory(P<0.05).Using the first quartile group of ERS1 as a reference,the fourth quartile group of ERS1 had an increased risk of medium and high FBG by 1.90and 2.21 times,respectively(odds ratio[OR]=1.90,95%confidence interval[CI]:1.17–3.10;OR=2.21,95%CI:1.09–4.45).Conclusion An association was observed between occupational hazards based on ERS and FBG trajectories.The risk of FBG trajectory levels increase with an increase in ERS.展开更多
The intersection of economic development,energy dynamics,environmental policy,and environmental sustainability presents complex challenges for European Union(EU)countries.This study investigatedthe impact of environme...The intersection of economic development,energy dynamics,environmental policy,and environmental sustainability presents complex challenges for European Union(EU)countries.This study investigatedthe impact of environmental taxes,hydroelectricity consumption,economic globalization,and gross domestic product(GDP)on the load capacity factor(LCF)in the 10 EU member countries(including Austria,Finland,France,Germany,Italy,Poland,Portugal,Slovakia,Spain,and Sweden)using data from 1995 to 2020.To ensure the reliability and validity of the data,this study applied several advanced econometric tests,including the Pesaran and Yamagata slopeheterogeneitytest,Pesaran cross-sectional dependence(CSD)test,second-generation unit root test,and Westerlund cointegration test.The data showed important statistical issues such as slope heterogeneityacross panels,CSD,mixed-orderunit root structures,and long-run associations between variables.To address these issues,we applied an augmented mean group(AMG)model as the main regression approach,andusedthe pooled mean group-autoregressive distributed lag(PMG-ARDL)method to check the robustness.Specifically,the AMG results indicate that a 1.000%rise in hydroelectricity consumptionresults in a 0.048% rise in the LCF,while a 1.000% increase in environmental taxes leads toa 0.175% increase in the LCF.Contrary to this,a 1.000% increase in economic globalization results in a 0.370% decrease in the LCF,and a 1.000% increase in GDP leads toa 0.850% decrease in the LCF.Environmental taxes have a more beneficial impact on the environment,and GDP has the most detrimental effect.The findings provide empirical evidence on the role of environmental taxes,hydroelectricity consumption,economic globalization,and GDP in driving the LCF.Additionally,the findings provide valuable information to policy-makers,academicians,and stakeholders shaping energy and environmental policies in the 10 EU member countries.展开更多
Spinal cord injury represents a severe form of central nervous system trauma for which effective treatments remain limited.Microglia is the resident immune cells of the central nervous system,play a critical role in s...Spinal cord injury represents a severe form of central nervous system trauma for which effective treatments remain limited.Microglia is the resident immune cells of the central nervous system,play a critical role in spinal cord injury.Previous studies have shown that microglia can promote neuronal survival by phagocytosing dead cells and debris and by releasing neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory factors.However,excessive activation of microglia can lead to persistent inflammation and contribute to the formation of glial scars,which hinder axonal regeneration.Despite this,the precise role and mechanisms of microglia during the acute phase of spinal cord injury remain controversial and poorly understood.To elucidate the role of microglia in spinal cord injury,we employed the colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor inhibitor PLX5622 to deplete microglia.We observed that sustained depletion of microglia resulted in an expansion of the lesion area,downregulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor,and impaired functional recovery after spinal cord injury.Next,we generated a transgenic mouse line with conditional overexpression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor specifically in microglia.We found that brain-derived neurotrophic factor overexpression in microglia increased angiogenesis and blood flow following spinal cord injury and facilitated the recovery of hindlimb motor function.Additionally,brain-derived neurotrophic factor overexpression in microglia reduced inflammation and neuronal apoptosis during the acute phase of spinal cord injury.Furthermore,through using specific transgenic mouse lines,TMEM119,and the colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor inhibitor PLX73086,we demonstrated that the neuroprotective effects were predominantly due to brain-derived neurotrophic factor overexpression in microglia rather than macrophages.In conclusion,our findings suggest the critical role of microglia in the formation of protective glial scars.Depleting microglia is detrimental to recovery of spinal cord injury,whereas targeting brain-derived neurotrophic factor overexpression in microglia represents a promising and novel therapeutic strategy to enhance motor function recovery in patients with spinal cord injury.展开更多
Background: Waste management in Western Area Rural (WAR), Sierra Leone, is plagued by infrastructural and socioeconomic challenges, leading to environmental and health hazards such as flooding, air pollution, and vect...Background: Waste management in Western Area Rural (WAR), Sierra Leone, is plagued by infrastructural and socioeconomic challenges, leading to environmental and health hazards such as flooding, air pollution, and vector-borne diseases. Despite awareness campaigns, informal methods like open dumping and burning dominate. This study applies the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) to analyse how attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioural control influence waste management practices and barriers to proper disposal with potential solutions. Methods: A quantitative approach was employed, using stratified random sampling and structured questionnaires to collect data from 333 participants across ten communities in Western Area Rural (WAR). Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics to examine the relationship between socio-demographic variables and waste management practices. Results: While 98.2% of respondents acknowledged the importance of waste management, limited perceived behavioural control driven by financial constraints (83.8%), inadequate education (83.2%), and insufficient infrastructure (66.4%) hindered effective waste disposal ultimately linking health and environmental risks, such as flooding and marine pollution from plastic waste. Most respondents (68.8%) lacked access to formal waste services, with disposal occurring primarily via open dumping (62.9%) and burning (17.9%). Subjective norms reinforced informal disposal, as community waste-burning remained an accepted practice. Women were disproportionately affected due to economic constraints and larger household sizes. Despite these challenges, 93.1% were willing to engage in community clean-up efforts, indicating strong pro-environmental attitudes constrained by structural barriers. Conclusion: Findings underscore the need for integrated waste management strategies informed by TPB, targeting attitudes through education, reshaping social norms through community-driven initiatives, and enhancing perceived behavioural control by improving infrastructure and financial accessibility. Addressing gender disparities, strengthening public-private partnerships, and expanding recycling and composting programs can foster sustainable waste management in resource-constrained settings.展开更多
Community-based ecotourism (CBET) aims to empower local communities through engagement and participation. Cambodia serves as a prime example of a developing country where the local community necessitates sustained sta...Community-based ecotourism (CBET) aims to empower local communities through engagement and participation. Cambodia serves as a prime example of a developing country where the local community necessitates sustained stakeholder support to foster empowerment and promote local economic development. Ecotourism and conservation are among the major issues of concern in the study of community development. This study used the main five eco-tourism areas in Cambodia as examples. It looks at the connections between eco-innovations in tourism products, community engagement, co-creation experiences, support for CBET, perceived impact likelihood outcomes, community economic benefits, environmentally responsible behavior in ecotourism sites, and biodiversity conservation. The study employed a quantitative research approach to investigate and parameterize the dynamic ecotourism components as well as to explore key factors that influence the CBET. We collected the data using a self-administered survey on 398 local eco-based tourism communities that sell services and products to tourists. We also asked for structured questionnaire items of local communities that provide tourism services to visitors in eco-tourism destination sites in 2022-2023. The SEM results showed that this study significantly impacted and confirmed all relationships among research variables, as proposed in the conceptual model. We also discuss in detail the research findings of this study.展开更多
Data centers operate as physical digital infrastructure for generating,storing,computing,transmitting,and utilizing massive data and information,constituting the backbone of the flourishing digital economy across the ...Data centers operate as physical digital infrastructure for generating,storing,computing,transmitting,and utilizing massive data and information,constituting the backbone of the flourishing digital economy across the world.Given the lack of a consistent analysis for studying the locational factors of data centers and empirical deficiencies in longitudinal investigations on spatial dynamics of heterogeneous data centers,this paper develops a comprehensive analytical framework to examine the dynamic geographies and locational factors of techno-environmentally heterogeneous data centers across Chinese cities in the period of 2006–2021.First,we develop a“supply-demand-environment trinity”analytical framework as well as an accompanying evaluation indicator system with Chinese characteristics.Second,the dynamic geographies of data centers in Chinese cities over the last decades are characterized as spatial polarization in economically leading urban agglomerations alongside persistent interregional gaps across eastern,central,and western regions.Data centers present dual spatial expansion trajectories featuring outward radiation from eastern core urban agglomerations to adjacent peripheries and leapfrog diffusion to strategic central and western digital infrastructural hubs.Third,it is empirically verified that data center construction in Chinese cities over the last decades has been jointly influenced by supply-,demand-,and environment-side locational factors,echoing the efficacy of the trinity analytical framework.Overall,our findings demonstrate the temporal variance,contextual contingency,and attribute-based differentiation of locational factors underlying techno-environmentally heterogeneous data centers in Chinese cities.展开更多
Objective:To analyze the trends in occupational environmental hazardous factors and health damage,and to assess the degree of occupational health risks.Methods:A total of 1,733 occupational disease monitoring data poi...Objective:To analyze the trends in occupational environmental hazardous factors and health damage,and to assess the degree of occupational health risks.Methods:A total of 1,733 occupational disease monitoring data points from workplaces collected by the Yangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention from January 2019 to December 2021 were selected to evaluate occupational hazard factors and occupational health risk levels.Results:Over the three-year period,there were 525 monitoring samples for dust exposure,with an exceedance rate of 1.71%(9/525);791 monitoring samples for noise exposure,with an exceedance rate of 4.42%(35/791);and 417 monitoring samples for chemical toxins(exogenous)exposure,with an exceedance rate of 1.68%(7/417).A comprehensive evaluation of exceedance factors revealed that high-risk factors included silica dust and benzene,classified as Level 4,while medium-risk factors encompassed manganese and xylene,including their compounds,classified as Level 3.Conclusion:After long-term monitoring of multiple workplaces in the city,it was found that there were certain occupational hazard factors,specifically involving dust or noise,as well as related factors of chemical toxins.Among these,silica dust and benzene posed the highest risks,while manganese and xylene also carried relatively high risks.It is necessary to strengthen occupational disease prevention and management to reduce the occurrence risks.展开更多
Dongyuemiao Member shale in the Sichuan Basin,China,is characterized by organic-rich shale intervals with different types of interbeds and accumulation modes.The aim of this study is to elucidate the impact of paleoen...Dongyuemiao Member shale in the Sichuan Basin,China,is characterized by organic-rich shale intervals with different types of interbeds and accumulation modes.The aim of this study is to elucidate the impact of paleoenvironmental indicators on interbed development.With this aim in mind,we established an interbed classification scheme and quantified the development of different types of interbeds and their frequencies.We categorized the shale interbeds into three types based on interbed type:silt interbeds(SIs),shell fragment interbeds(SFIs),and shell skeleton interbeds(SSIs).The SIs,SFIs,and SSIs are respectively the products of extrabasinal low-density turbidity currents,intrabasinal debris flow,and intrabasinal low-density turbidity currents.We propose that variations in paleoenvironmental conditions primarily influenced the types of interbeds that developed but had minimal impact on the frequency of their development.Models depicting the interbed development within the 1st Submember of Dongyuemiao Member indicate that during the early Dongyuemiao depositional period,under conditions of relatively aridity,weak weathering,high terrigenous input,and strong hydrodynamic activity,SSIs were well developed.In the middle depositional period,as the climate gradually transitioned to more humid conditions,and the weathering intensity and amount of terrestrial input increased,the development of SIs and SFIs significantly increased.During the late depositional period,with a continuous decrease in terrestrial inputs and sedimentation rates,the development of SIs decreased while that of SSIs increased.展开更多
PM_(1.0),particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter smaller than 1.0μm,can adversely affect human health.However,fewer stations are capable of measuring PM_(1.0) concentrations than PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations...PM_(1.0),particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter smaller than 1.0μm,can adversely affect human health.However,fewer stations are capable of measuring PM_(1.0) concentrations than PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations in real time(i.e.,only 9 locations for PM_(1.0) vs.623 locations for PM2.5 or PM10)in South Korea,making it impossible to conduct a nationwide health risk analysis of PM_(1.0).Thus,this study aimed to develop a PM_(1.0) prediction model using a random forest algorithm based on PM_(1.0) data from the nine measurement stations and various environmental input factors.Cross validation,in which the model was trained in eight stations and tested in the remaining station,achieved an average R^(2) of 0.913.The high R^(2) value achieved undermutually exclusive training and test locations in the cross validation can be ascribed to the fact that all the locations had similar relationships between PM_(1.0) and the input factors,which were captured by our model.Moreover,results of feature importance analysis showed that PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations were the two most important input features in predicting PM_(1.0) concentration.Finally,the model was used to estimate the PM_(1.0) concentrations in 623 locations,where input factors such as PM2.5 and PM10 can be obtained.Based on the augmented profile,we identified Seoul and Ansan to be PM_(1.0) concentration hotspots.These regions are large cities or the center of anthropogenic and industrial activities.The proposed model and the augmented PM_(1.0) profiles can be used for large epidemiological studies to understand the health impacts of PM_(1.0).展开更多
Strokes include both ischemic stroke,which is mediated by a blockade or reduction in the blood supply to the brain,and hemorrhagic stroke,which comprises intracerebral hemorrhage and subarachnoid hemorrhage and is cha...Strokes include both ischemic stroke,which is mediated by a blockade or reduction in the blood supply to the brain,and hemorrhagic stroke,which comprises intracerebral hemorrhage and subarachnoid hemorrhage and is characterized by bleeding within the brain.Stroke is a lifethreatening cerebrovascular condition characterized by intricate pathophysiological mechanisms,including oxidative stress,inflammation,mitochondrial dysfunction,and neuronal injury.Critical transcription factors,such as nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 and nuclear factor kappa B,play central roles in the progression of stroke.Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 is sensitive to changes in the cellular redox status and is crucial in protecting cells against oxidative damage,inflammatory responses,and cytotoxic agents.It plays a significant role in post-stroke neuroprotection and repair by influencing mitochondrial function,endoplasmic reticulum stress,and lysosomal activity and regulating metabolic pathways and cytokine expression.Conversely,nuclear factor-kappa B is closely associated with mitochondrial dysfunction,the generation of reactive oxygen species,oxidative stress exacerbation,and inflammation.Nuclear factor-kappa B contributes to neuronal injury,apoptosis,and immune responses following stroke by modulating cell adhesion molecules and inflammatory mediators.The interplay between these pathways,potentially involving crosstalk among various organelles,significantly influences stroke pathophysiology.Advancements in single-cell sequencing and spatial transcriptomics have greatly improved our understanding of stroke pathogenesis and offer new opportunities for the development of targeted,individualized,cell typespecific treatments.In this review,we discuss the mechanisms underlying the involvement of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 and nuclear factor-kappa B in both ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke,with an emphasis on their roles in oxidative stress,inflammation,and neuroprotection.展开更多
Nerve trauma commonly results in chronic neuropathic pain. This is by triggering the release of proinflammatory mediators from local and invading cells that induce inflammation and nociceptive neuron hyperexcitability...Nerve trauma commonly results in chronic neuropathic pain. This is by triggering the release of proinflammatory mediators from local and invading cells that induce inflammation and nociceptive neuron hyperexcitability. Even without apparent inflammation, injury sites are associated with increased inflammatory markers. This review focuses on how it might be possible to reduce neuropathic pain by reducing inflammation. Physiologically, pain is resolved by a combination of the out-migration of pro-inflammatory cells from the injury site, the down-regulation of the genes underlying the inflammation, up-regulating genes for anti-inflammatory mediators, and reducing nociceptive neuron hyperexcitability. While various techniques reduce chronic neuropathic pain, the best are effective on < 50% of patients, no technique reliably or permanently eliminates neuropathic pain. This is because most techniques are predominantly aimed at reducing pain, not inflammation. In addition, while single factors reduce pain, increasing evidence indicates significant and longer-lasting pain relief requires multiple factors acting simultaneously. Therefore, it is not surprising that extensive data indicate that the application of platelet-rich plasma provides more significant and longer-lasting pain suppression than other techniques, although its analgesia is neither complete nor permanent. However, several case reports indicate that platelet-rich plasma can induce permanent neuropathic pain elimination when the platelet concentration is significantly increased and is applied to longer nerve lengths. This review examines the primary triggers of the development and maintenance of neuropathic pain and techniques that reduce chronic neuropathic pain. The application of plateletrich plasma holds great promise for providing complete and permanent chronic neuropathic pain elimination.展开更多
From March to May, 2004, we selected 8 typical parks or green lands in Shanghai downtown as the study sites to conduct a ornithological research. During this study, total 55 species of birds were recorded, which inclu...From March to May, 2004, we selected 8 typical parks or green lands in Shanghai downtown as the study sites to conduct a ornithological research. During this study, total 55 species of birds were recorded, which included 31 resident and 24 migratory species. With statistics methodology, we analyzed the avian communities with 10 major environmental factors covering the park area, water percentage, vegetation species, canopy cover, shrub cover, grass cover, hill number, location condition, human quantity, path width, the study results indicated that: (1) the following 7 environmental factors were important to impact the structures of the avian community, they were park area, vegetation species, shrub coverage, grass coverage, hill number, location condition of the parks and path width; (2) the avian community of theses urban parks tended to deteriorate in the bird number and diversity; the man-made lake which was currently promoted in the park designing and planning process would not be good to attract the birds.展开更多
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42172339,91951205)。
文摘Microorganisms actively participate in biogeochemical cycling processes and play a crucial role in maintaining the dynamic balance of hot spring ecosystems.However,the distribution of microbial functional genes and their influencing factors in hot springs remain largely unclear.Therefore,this study investigated the microbial functional genes and their potential for controlling biogeochemical cycles(C,N,S,and P) in the hot Springs of Tengchong,China,using the Geochip method,a functional gene microarray technology.The examined hot springs have very different microbial functional genes.A total of 22 736 gene probe signals were identified,belonging to 567 functional genes and associated with 15 ecological functions,mainly involving stress response,carbon cycle,nitrogen cycle,sulfur cycle,phosphorus cycle and energy processes.The amyA,narG,dsrA and ppx genes were most abundant in carbon,nitrogen,sulfur and phosphorus cycles,respectively,and were significantly correlated with pH,temperature and SO_(4)^(2-).The diversity and abundance of detected gene probes were negatively correlated with temperature.The α-diversity(i.e.,Shannon index) was high at low temperature and low pH.Molecular functional interactions revealed by the gene connectivity levels were negatively correlated with temperature,pH and SO_(4)^(2-).These results suggested that the abundance,diversity and interactions of microbial functional genes were significantly influenced by geochemical parameters.-In addition,some genera possessed functional genes related to carbon,nitrogen,sulfur,and phosphorus cycles and can synergistically control the biogeochemical cycles of carbon,nitrogen,sulfur and phosphorus.These findings provide new insights into the functional potentials of microorganisms to participate in biogeochemical cycles and their responses to environmental factors in hot springs.
文摘As a major global public health issue,tuberculosis is closely related to multiple socio-ecological factors in its epidemiological patterns~([1]).China,as a high-burden country for tuberculosis,exhibits regional variations in the distribution of the tuberculosis epidemic.To enhance the efficiency of prevention and control,its strategies are undergoing a transition toward regionally differentiated approaches~([2]).
基金supported by the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research(STEP)program(2019QZKK0502)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32322006)+1 种基金the Major Program for Basic Research Project of Yunnan Province(202103AF140005 and 202101BC070002)the Practice Innovation Fund for Professional Degree Graduates of Yunnan University(ZC-22222401).
文摘The study of plant diversity is often hindered by the challenge of integrating data from different sources and different data types.A standardized data system would facilitate detailed exploration of plant distribution patterns and dynamics for botanists,ecologists,conservation biologists,and biogeographers.This study proposes a gridded vector data integration method,combining grid-based techniques with vectorization to integrate diverse data types from multiple sources into grids of the same scale.Here we demonstrate the methodology by creating a comprehensive 1°×1°database of western China that includes plant distribution information and environmental factor data.This approach addresses the need for a standardized data system to facilitate exploration of plant distribution patterns and dynamic changes in the region.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2023YFC3007202)Joint Research Project on Meteorological Capacity Enhancement of the China Meteorological Administration(No.23NLTSZ009)Project of the Department of Science and Technology of Sichuan Province(No.2024YFHZ0098)。
文摘Connection methods are essential for integrating environmental factors with machine learning models for landslide susceptibility assessments.However,current research does not consider the different characteristics of continuity and discreteness within environmental factors and therefore does not analyze the suitability of various connection methods for different factor types.Moreover,the applicability of connection methods remains unclear when slope units are used as the basic assessment units.This study employed slope units as mapping units.The original data of 15 environmental factors,including 12 continuous and three discrete factors,and two connection methods,i.e.,frequency ratio(FR)and modified FR(MFR),were separately used to construct the input datasets for landslide susceptibility modeling.The performance of four widely used machine learning models,random forest(RF),support vector machine(SVM),logistic regression(LR),and multilayer perceptron(MLP),was analyzed to evaluate the suitability of the connection methods for landslide susceptibility mapping.The results show that,in contrast to the decision tree-based RF model,the use of different connection methods for different factor types significantly influences the results of nontree models,including SVM,MLP,and LR.SVM model is the most sensitive to factor types and connection methods.When the MFR is used as the connection method,it improves the mapping results,especially for the SVM model.This shows that it is essential to consider the different characteristics of the data and select an appropriate environmental factor connection strategy to increase the effectiveness of landslide susceptibility evaluation.Furthermore,this study explored the role of connective methods from a sample distribution perspective,providing a theoretical foundation for the more rational and effective integration of environmental factors.
基金The Scientific Research Fund of the Second Institute of Oceanography,Ministry of Natural Resources,China under contract Nos SZ2302 and JG2209.
文摘Macrobenthic organisms are commonly employed as biomonitors for environmental risk assessment.In this study,we aimed to investigate the spatial and temporal patterns of the macrobenthic community,which is influenced by environmental factors of sediments and bottom water layer.We sampled a total of 12,11,10,and 11 stations in the Shengsi Archipelago during June 2010,August 2010,November 2020,and April 2021 respectively.A total of 124 species of macrobenthos were identified,with polychaetes being the dominant group.The abundance,biomass,and diversity indices exhibited no significant temporal differences.Similarly,biodiversity did not exhibit a clear spatial gradient,likely due to the small study area and the absence of significant differences in key factors such as depth.However,the stations with the lowest biodiversity values consistently appeared in the southwest region,possibly due to the impact of human activities.Significant differences in the macrobenthic community were observed between all months except between June and August,and mollusk Endopleura lubrica and polychaete Sigambra hanaokai were important contributors to these differences according to the results of the Similarity Percentages analysis.Suspended particulate matter(SPM)was identified as the primary driving factors of macrobenthic variability.In summary,the community structure underwent temporal changes influenced by complex current patterns,while biodiversity remained relatively stable.This study contributes to our understanding of the key environmental factors affecting macrobenthic communities and biodiversity.It also provides valuable data support for the long-term monitoring of macrobenthos and the environment in the Shengsi Archipelago.
文摘BACKGROUND Neurodevelopmental delays encompass a wide range of conditions that impair cognitive,motor,and social functioning,often increasing the risk of psychiatric comorbidities.Children with these delays frequently present with disorders such as attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder(ADHD),anxiety,and behavioral disturbances,which can significantly affect development and quality of life.While genetic predisposition has been linked to these comorbidities,growing evidence highlights the role of environmental factors,including prenatal and early-life stressors.However,the interaction between genetic susceptibility and environmental influences remains poorly understood.Identifying specific genetic variants,environmental risks,and their interactions is essential for early detection and targeted interventions.AIM To investigate the combined effects of genetic and environmental factors on psychiatric comorbidities in children with neurodevelopmental delays,elucidate underlying mechanisms,and inform clinical management strategies.METHODS This retrospective cohort study included 80 children with confirmed neurodevelopmental delays and 40 age-and sex-matched typically developing controls.Comprehensive clinical and psychiatric evaluations,genetic testing(chromosomal microarray analysis and targeted next-generation sequencing),and environmental exposure assessments were conducted.Statistical analyses explored associations between genetic variants and psychiatric comorbidities,environmental risk factors,and gene-environment interactions.RESULTS Children with neurodevelopmental delays exhibited significantly higher rates of psychiatric comorbidities(70.0%)compared to controls(15.0%),with ADHD(42.5%),anxiety disorders(28.8%),and behavioral disorders(23.8%)being the most common.Pathogenic genetic variants were identified in specific pathways associated with distinct psychiatric presentations:Glutamatergic signaling variants were linked to anxiety disorders(odds ratio=3.8),dopaminergic system variants to ADHD(odds ratio=4.2),and synaptic function variants to both behavioral and anxiety disorders.Environmental factors,particularly prenatal maternal stress,early childhood adversity,and family dysfunction were strong predictors of psychiatric outcomes(β=0.42).Significant gene-environment interactions were identified,indicating that environmental exposure can moderate the effects of genetic risks on psychiatric outcomes.CONCLUSION Psychiatric comorbidities in children with neurodevelopmental delays are significantly influenced by both genetic and environmental factors,with complex interactions between the two.These findings underscore the need for integrated assessments and targeted interventions addressing both biological and environmental contributors to improve outcomes in this vulnerable population.
文摘Amid the global shift toward climate governance and low-carbon transformation,accurately quantifying environmental risk factors within green bond pricing mechanisms has emerged as a critical issue.Drawing on data from China’s green bond market between 2018 and 2023,this study develops a multifactor pricing model that integrates environmental risk premiums.Through regression analysis,it empirically investigates the effects of environmental reputation,transparency of information disclosure,and third-party certification on bond risk premiums.The results indicate that green-labeled bonds carry,on average,a 42.6 basis point lower risk premium compared to non-green bonds,while third-party certification further reduces this premium by an additional 54.1 basis points.Moreover,a one standard deviation improvement in the quality of environmental information disclosure leads to a reduction in bond financing costs by approximately 18 to 25 basis points.Issuers operating in high-energy-consuming industries bear significantly higher environmental risk premiums relative to those in low-energy-consuming sectors.By integrating an ESG scoring framework into bond pricing,this study reveals the transmission channels of environmental risks into market pricing and provides a theoretical foundation for enhancing pricing benchmarks in the green bond market.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.72091511)the Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars of Hebei Province (No.E2022402064).
文摘Tuojiang River Basin is a first-class tributary of the upper reaches of the Yangtze River—which is the longest river in China.As phytoplankton are sensitive indicators of trophic changes inwater bodies,characterizing phytoplankton communities and their growth influencing factors in polluted urban rivers can provide new ideas for pollution control.Here,we used direct microscopic count and environmental DNA(eDNA)metabarcoding methods to investigate phytoplankton community structure in Tuojiang River Basin(Chengdu,Sichuan Province,China).The association between phytoplankton community structure and water environmental factors was evaluated by Mantel analysis.Additional environmental monitoring data were used to pinpoint major factors that influenced phytoplankton growth based on structural equation modeling.At the phylum level,the dominant phytoplankton taxa identified by the conventional microscopic method mainly belonged to Bacillariophyta,Chlorophyta,and Cyanophyta,in contrast with Chlorophyta,Dinophyceae,and Bacillariophyta identified by eDNA metabarcoding.Inα-diversity analysis,eDNA metabarcoding detected greater species diversity and achieved higher precision than the microscopic method.Phytoplankton growth was largely limited by phosphorus based on the nitrogen-to-phosphorus ratios>16:1 in all water samples.Redundancy analysis and structural equation modeling also confirmed that the nitrogen-to-phosphorus ratio was the principal factor influencing phytoplankton growth.The results could be useful for implementing comprehensive management of the river basin environment.It is recommended to control the discharge of point-and surface-source pollutants and the concentration of dissolved oxygen in areas with excessive nutrients(e.g.,Jianyang-Ziyang).Algae monitoring techniques and removal strategies should be improved in 201 Hospital,Hongrihe Bridge and Colmar Town areas.
基金supported by the Key Research and Development Program of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(grant number:2016YF0900605)the Key Research and Development Program of Hebei Province(grant number:192777129D)+1 种基金the Joint Fund for Iron and Steel of the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province(grant number:H2016209058)the National Natural Science Foundation for Regional Joint Fund of China(grant number:U22A20364)。
文摘Objective We aimed to investigate the patterns of fasting blood glucose(FBG)trajectories and analyze the relationship between various occupational hazard factors and FBG trajectories in male steelworkers.Methods The study cohort included 3,728 workers who met the selection criteria for the Tanggang Occupational Cohort(TGOC)between 2017 and 2022.A group-based trajectory model was used to identify the FBG trajectories.Environmental risk scores(ERS)were constructed using regression coefficients from the occupational hazard model as weights.Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to explore the effects of occupational hazard factors using the ERS on FBG trajectories.Results FBG trajectories were categorized into three groups.An association was observed between high temperature,noise exposure,and FBG trajectory(P<0.05).Using the first quartile group of ERS1 as a reference,the fourth quartile group of ERS1 had an increased risk of medium and high FBG by 1.90and 2.21 times,respectively(odds ratio[OR]=1.90,95%confidence interval[CI]:1.17–3.10;OR=2.21,95%CI:1.09–4.45).Conclusion An association was observed between occupational hazards based on ERS and FBG trajectories.The risk of FBG trajectory levels increase with an increase in ERS.
文摘The intersection of economic development,energy dynamics,environmental policy,and environmental sustainability presents complex challenges for European Union(EU)countries.This study investigatedthe impact of environmental taxes,hydroelectricity consumption,economic globalization,and gross domestic product(GDP)on the load capacity factor(LCF)in the 10 EU member countries(including Austria,Finland,France,Germany,Italy,Poland,Portugal,Slovakia,Spain,and Sweden)using data from 1995 to 2020.To ensure the reliability and validity of the data,this study applied several advanced econometric tests,including the Pesaran and Yamagata slopeheterogeneitytest,Pesaran cross-sectional dependence(CSD)test,second-generation unit root test,and Westerlund cointegration test.The data showed important statistical issues such as slope heterogeneityacross panels,CSD,mixed-orderunit root structures,and long-run associations between variables.To address these issues,we applied an augmented mean group(AMG)model as the main regression approach,andusedthe pooled mean group-autoregressive distributed lag(PMG-ARDL)method to check the robustness.Specifically,the AMG results indicate that a 1.000%rise in hydroelectricity consumptionresults in a 0.048% rise in the LCF,while a 1.000% increase in environmental taxes leads toa 0.175% increase in the LCF.Contrary to this,a 1.000% increase in economic globalization results in a 0.370% decrease in the LCF,and a 1.000% increase in GDP leads toa 0.850% decrease in the LCF.Environmental taxes have a more beneficial impact on the environment,and GDP has the most detrimental effect.The findings provide empirical evidence on the role of environmental taxes,hydroelectricity consumption,economic globalization,and GDP in driving the LCF.Additionally,the findings provide valuable information to policy-makers,academicians,and stakeholders shaping energy and environmental policies in the 10 EU member countries.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.82072165 and 82272256(both to XM)the Key Project of Xiangyang Central Hospital,No.2023YZ03(to RM)。
文摘Spinal cord injury represents a severe form of central nervous system trauma for which effective treatments remain limited.Microglia is the resident immune cells of the central nervous system,play a critical role in spinal cord injury.Previous studies have shown that microglia can promote neuronal survival by phagocytosing dead cells and debris and by releasing neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory factors.However,excessive activation of microglia can lead to persistent inflammation and contribute to the formation of glial scars,which hinder axonal regeneration.Despite this,the precise role and mechanisms of microglia during the acute phase of spinal cord injury remain controversial and poorly understood.To elucidate the role of microglia in spinal cord injury,we employed the colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor inhibitor PLX5622 to deplete microglia.We observed that sustained depletion of microglia resulted in an expansion of the lesion area,downregulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor,and impaired functional recovery after spinal cord injury.Next,we generated a transgenic mouse line with conditional overexpression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor specifically in microglia.We found that brain-derived neurotrophic factor overexpression in microglia increased angiogenesis and blood flow following spinal cord injury and facilitated the recovery of hindlimb motor function.Additionally,brain-derived neurotrophic factor overexpression in microglia reduced inflammation and neuronal apoptosis during the acute phase of spinal cord injury.Furthermore,through using specific transgenic mouse lines,TMEM119,and the colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor inhibitor PLX73086,we demonstrated that the neuroprotective effects were predominantly due to brain-derived neurotrophic factor overexpression in microglia rather than macrophages.In conclusion,our findings suggest the critical role of microglia in the formation of protective glial scars.Depleting microglia is detrimental to recovery of spinal cord injury,whereas targeting brain-derived neurotrophic factor overexpression in microglia represents a promising and novel therapeutic strategy to enhance motor function recovery in patients with spinal cord injury.
文摘Background: Waste management in Western Area Rural (WAR), Sierra Leone, is plagued by infrastructural and socioeconomic challenges, leading to environmental and health hazards such as flooding, air pollution, and vector-borne diseases. Despite awareness campaigns, informal methods like open dumping and burning dominate. This study applies the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) to analyse how attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioural control influence waste management practices and barriers to proper disposal with potential solutions. Methods: A quantitative approach was employed, using stratified random sampling and structured questionnaires to collect data from 333 participants across ten communities in Western Area Rural (WAR). Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics to examine the relationship between socio-demographic variables and waste management practices. Results: While 98.2% of respondents acknowledged the importance of waste management, limited perceived behavioural control driven by financial constraints (83.8%), inadequate education (83.2%), and insufficient infrastructure (66.4%) hindered effective waste disposal ultimately linking health and environmental risks, such as flooding and marine pollution from plastic waste. Most respondents (68.8%) lacked access to formal waste services, with disposal occurring primarily via open dumping (62.9%) and burning (17.9%). Subjective norms reinforced informal disposal, as community waste-burning remained an accepted practice. Women were disproportionately affected due to economic constraints and larger household sizes. Despite these challenges, 93.1% were willing to engage in community clean-up efforts, indicating strong pro-environmental attitudes constrained by structural barriers. Conclusion: Findings underscore the need for integrated waste management strategies informed by TPB, targeting attitudes through education, reshaping social norms through community-driven initiatives, and enhancing perceived behavioural control by improving infrastructure and financial accessibility. Addressing gender disparities, strengthening public-private partnerships, and expanding recycling and composting programs can foster sustainable waste management in resource-constrained settings.
文摘Community-based ecotourism (CBET) aims to empower local communities through engagement and participation. Cambodia serves as a prime example of a developing country where the local community necessitates sustained stakeholder support to foster empowerment and promote local economic development. Ecotourism and conservation are among the major issues of concern in the study of community development. This study used the main five eco-tourism areas in Cambodia as examples. It looks at the connections between eco-innovations in tourism products, community engagement, co-creation experiences, support for CBET, perceived impact likelihood outcomes, community economic benefits, environmentally responsible behavior in ecotourism sites, and biodiversity conservation. The study employed a quantitative research approach to investigate and parameterize the dynamic ecotourism components as well as to explore key factors that influence the CBET. We collected the data using a self-administered survey on 398 local eco-based tourism communities that sell services and products to tourists. We also asked for structured questionnaire items of local communities that provide tourism services to visitors in eco-tourism destination sites in 2022-2023. The SEM results showed that this study significantly impacted and confirmed all relationships among research variables, as proposed in the conceptual model. We also discuss in detail the research findings of this study.
基金Major Program of National Social Science Foundation of China,No.21&ZD107。
文摘Data centers operate as physical digital infrastructure for generating,storing,computing,transmitting,and utilizing massive data and information,constituting the backbone of the flourishing digital economy across the world.Given the lack of a consistent analysis for studying the locational factors of data centers and empirical deficiencies in longitudinal investigations on spatial dynamics of heterogeneous data centers,this paper develops a comprehensive analytical framework to examine the dynamic geographies and locational factors of techno-environmentally heterogeneous data centers across Chinese cities in the period of 2006–2021.First,we develop a“supply-demand-environment trinity”analytical framework as well as an accompanying evaluation indicator system with Chinese characteristics.Second,the dynamic geographies of data centers in Chinese cities over the last decades are characterized as spatial polarization in economically leading urban agglomerations alongside persistent interregional gaps across eastern,central,and western regions.Data centers present dual spatial expansion trajectories featuring outward radiation from eastern core urban agglomerations to adjacent peripheries and leapfrog diffusion to strategic central and western digital infrastructural hubs.Third,it is empirically verified that data center construction in Chinese cities over the last decades has been jointly influenced by supply-,demand-,and environment-side locational factors,echoing the efficacy of the trinity analytical framework.Overall,our findings demonstrate the temporal variance,contextual contingency,and attribute-based differentiation of locational factors underlying techno-environmentally heterogeneous data centers in Chinese cities.
文摘Objective:To analyze the trends in occupational environmental hazardous factors and health damage,and to assess the degree of occupational health risks.Methods:A total of 1,733 occupational disease monitoring data points from workplaces collected by the Yangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention from January 2019 to December 2021 were selected to evaluate occupational hazard factors and occupational health risk levels.Results:Over the three-year period,there were 525 monitoring samples for dust exposure,with an exceedance rate of 1.71%(9/525);791 monitoring samples for noise exposure,with an exceedance rate of 4.42%(35/791);and 417 monitoring samples for chemical toxins(exogenous)exposure,with an exceedance rate of 1.68%(7/417).A comprehensive evaluation of exceedance factors revealed that high-risk factors included silica dust and benzene,classified as Level 4,while medium-risk factors encompassed manganese and xylene,including their compounds,classified as Level 3.Conclusion:After long-term monitoring of multiple workplaces in the city,it was found that there were certain occupational hazard factors,specifically involving dust or noise,as well as related factors of chemical toxins.Among these,silica dust and benzene posed the highest risks,while manganese and xylene also carried relatively high risks.It is necessary to strengthen occupational disease prevention and management to reduce the occurrence risks.
基金sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,China(No.42272171)National Science and Technology Major Project of China,China(No.2017ZX05036).
文摘Dongyuemiao Member shale in the Sichuan Basin,China,is characterized by organic-rich shale intervals with different types of interbeds and accumulation modes.The aim of this study is to elucidate the impact of paleoenvironmental indicators on interbed development.With this aim in mind,we established an interbed classification scheme and quantified the development of different types of interbeds and their frequencies.We categorized the shale interbeds into three types based on interbed type:silt interbeds(SIs),shell fragment interbeds(SFIs),and shell skeleton interbeds(SSIs).The SIs,SFIs,and SSIs are respectively the products of extrabasinal low-density turbidity currents,intrabasinal debris flow,and intrabasinal low-density turbidity currents.We propose that variations in paleoenvironmental conditions primarily influenced the types of interbeds that developed but had minimal impact on the frequency of their development.Models depicting the interbed development within the 1st Submember of Dongyuemiao Member indicate that during the early Dongyuemiao depositional period,under conditions of relatively aridity,weak weathering,high terrigenous input,and strong hydrodynamic activity,SSIs were well developed.In the middle depositional period,as the climate gradually transitioned to more humid conditions,and the weathering intensity and amount of terrestrial input increased,the development of SIs and SFIs significantly increased.During the late depositional period,with a continuous decrease in terrestrial inputs and sedimentation rates,the development of SIs decreased while that of SSIs increased.
基金supported by the Fine Particle Research Initiative in East Asia Considering National Differences Project through the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)funded by the Ministry of Science and ICT(No.NRF-2023M3G1A1090660)supported by a grant from the National Institute of Environmental Research(NIER),funded by the Ministry of Environment of the Republic of Korea(No.NIER-2023-04-02-056).
文摘PM_(1.0),particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter smaller than 1.0μm,can adversely affect human health.However,fewer stations are capable of measuring PM_(1.0) concentrations than PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations in real time(i.e.,only 9 locations for PM_(1.0) vs.623 locations for PM2.5 or PM10)in South Korea,making it impossible to conduct a nationwide health risk analysis of PM_(1.0).Thus,this study aimed to develop a PM_(1.0) prediction model using a random forest algorithm based on PM_(1.0) data from the nine measurement stations and various environmental input factors.Cross validation,in which the model was trained in eight stations and tested in the remaining station,achieved an average R^(2) of 0.913.The high R^(2) value achieved undermutually exclusive training and test locations in the cross validation can be ascribed to the fact that all the locations had similar relationships between PM_(1.0) and the input factors,which were captured by our model.Moreover,results of feature importance analysis showed that PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations were the two most important input features in predicting PM_(1.0) concentration.Finally,the model was used to estimate the PM_(1.0) concentrations in 623 locations,where input factors such as PM2.5 and PM10 can be obtained.Based on the augmented profile,we identified Seoul and Ansan to be PM_(1.0) concentration hotspots.These regions are large cities or the center of anthropogenic and industrial activities.The proposed model and the augmented PM_(1.0) profiles can be used for large epidemiological studies to understand the health impacts of PM_(1.0).
基金supported by grants from the Zhejiang Provincial TCM Science and Technology Plan Project,No.2023ZL156(to YH)Ningbo Top Medical and Health Research Program,No.2022020304(to XG)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Ningbo,No.2023J019(to YH)Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Atherosclerotic Diseases of Zhejiang Province,No.2022E10026(to YH)。
文摘Strokes include both ischemic stroke,which is mediated by a blockade or reduction in the blood supply to the brain,and hemorrhagic stroke,which comprises intracerebral hemorrhage and subarachnoid hemorrhage and is characterized by bleeding within the brain.Stroke is a lifethreatening cerebrovascular condition characterized by intricate pathophysiological mechanisms,including oxidative stress,inflammation,mitochondrial dysfunction,and neuronal injury.Critical transcription factors,such as nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 and nuclear factor kappa B,play central roles in the progression of stroke.Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 is sensitive to changes in the cellular redox status and is crucial in protecting cells against oxidative damage,inflammatory responses,and cytotoxic agents.It plays a significant role in post-stroke neuroprotection and repair by influencing mitochondrial function,endoplasmic reticulum stress,and lysosomal activity and regulating metabolic pathways and cytokine expression.Conversely,nuclear factor-kappa B is closely associated with mitochondrial dysfunction,the generation of reactive oxygen species,oxidative stress exacerbation,and inflammation.Nuclear factor-kappa B contributes to neuronal injury,apoptosis,and immune responses following stroke by modulating cell adhesion molecules and inflammatory mediators.The interplay between these pathways,potentially involving crosstalk among various organelles,significantly influences stroke pathophysiology.Advancements in single-cell sequencing and spatial transcriptomics have greatly improved our understanding of stroke pathogenesis and offer new opportunities for the development of targeted,individualized,cell typespecific treatments.In this review,we discuss the mechanisms underlying the involvement of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 and nuclear factor-kappa B in both ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke,with an emphasis on their roles in oxidative stress,inflammation,and neuroprotection.
文摘Nerve trauma commonly results in chronic neuropathic pain. This is by triggering the release of proinflammatory mediators from local and invading cells that induce inflammation and nociceptive neuron hyperexcitability. Even without apparent inflammation, injury sites are associated with increased inflammatory markers. This review focuses on how it might be possible to reduce neuropathic pain by reducing inflammation. Physiologically, pain is resolved by a combination of the out-migration of pro-inflammatory cells from the injury site, the down-regulation of the genes underlying the inflammation, up-regulating genes for anti-inflammatory mediators, and reducing nociceptive neuron hyperexcitability. While various techniques reduce chronic neuropathic pain, the best are effective on < 50% of patients, no technique reliably or permanently eliminates neuropathic pain. This is because most techniques are predominantly aimed at reducing pain, not inflammation. In addition, while single factors reduce pain, increasing evidence indicates significant and longer-lasting pain relief requires multiple factors acting simultaneously. Therefore, it is not surprising that extensive data indicate that the application of platelet-rich plasma provides more significant and longer-lasting pain suppression than other techniques, although its analgesia is neither complete nor permanent. However, several case reports indicate that platelet-rich plasma can induce permanent neuropathic pain elimination when the platelet concentration is significantly increased and is applied to longer nerve lengths. This review examines the primary triggers of the development and maintenance of neuropathic pain and techniques that reduce chronic neuropathic pain. The application of plateletrich plasma holds great promise for providing complete and permanent chronic neuropathic pain elimination.
文摘From March to May, 2004, we selected 8 typical parks or green lands in Shanghai downtown as the study sites to conduct a ornithological research. During this study, total 55 species of birds were recorded, which included 31 resident and 24 migratory species. With statistics methodology, we analyzed the avian communities with 10 major environmental factors covering the park area, water percentage, vegetation species, canopy cover, shrub cover, grass cover, hill number, location condition, human quantity, path width, the study results indicated that: (1) the following 7 environmental factors were important to impact the structures of the avian community, they were park area, vegetation species, shrub coverage, grass coverage, hill number, location condition of the parks and path width; (2) the avian community of theses urban parks tended to deteriorate in the bird number and diversity; the man-made lake which was currently promoted in the park designing and planning process would not be good to attract the birds.
