The reaction of carbon-free oxide-based(corundum,spinel,zirconia,and mullite)submerged entry nozzle(SEN)lining with rare earth inclusions and its anti-clogging effects under near working conditions were systematically...The reaction of carbon-free oxide-based(corundum,spinel,zirconia,and mullite)submerged entry nozzle(SEN)lining with rare earth inclusions and its anti-clogging effects under near working conditions were systematically studied.A variety of lining composite test methods were innovatively used to ensure the consistency of test conditions.The experimental results showed that the mullite(acidic oxide)has strong reactivity with rare earth inclusions,and the spinel(basic oxide)has stable chemical properties and weak reactivity with rare earth inclusions.Because alumina is one of the main reactants of clogging formation,corundum is not suitable for SEN lining.There are less clogs on the surface of zirconia,but it will be exsoluted and unstable.Therefore,solving the problem of zirconia exsolution will greatly strengthen its application in SEN lining.展开更多
Stromal interaction molecules(STIM)s are Ca^(2+)sensors in internal Ca^(2+)stores of the endoplasmic reticulum.They activate the store-operated Ca^(2+)channels,which are the main source of Ca^(2+)entry in non-excitabl...Stromal interaction molecules(STIM)s are Ca^(2+)sensors in internal Ca^(2+)stores of the endoplasmic reticulum.They activate the store-operated Ca^(2+)channels,which are the main source of Ca^(2+)entry in non-excitable cells.Moreover,STIM proteins interact with other Ca^(2+)channel subunits and active transporters,making STIMs an important intermediate molecule in orchestrating a wide variety of Ca^(2+)influxes into excitable cells.Nevertheless,little is known about the role of STIM proteins in brain functioning.Being involved in many signaling pathways,STIMs replenish internal Ca^(2+)stores in neurons and mediate synaptic transmission and neuronal excitability.Ca^(2+)dyshomeostasis is a signature of many pathological conditions of the brain,including neurodegenerative diseases,injuries,stroke,and epilepsy.STIMs play a role in these disturbances not only by supporting abnormal store-operated Ca^(2+)entry but also by regulating Ca^(2+)influx through other channels.Here,we review the present knowledge of STIMs in neurons and their involvement in brain pathology.展开更多
Non-metallic inclusions in steel are a significant challenge,affecting material properties and leading to issues such as stress concentration,cracking,and accelerated corrosion.Current methods for removing inclusions,...Non-metallic inclusions in steel are a significant challenge,affecting material properties and leading to issues such as stress concentration,cracking,and accelerated corrosion.Current methods for removing inclusions,including bubble,electromagnetic stirring,filtration separation,fluid flow,and sedimentation,often struggle with the removal of fine inclusions.Apart from these known methods,pulsed electric current(PEC),as an emerging technology,has demonstrated immense potential and environmental advantages.PEC offers adjustable current parameters and simple equipment,making it an attractive alternative to traditional methods.Its green energy-saving features and excellent results in regulating inclusion morphology and migration,as well as inhibiting submerged entry nozzle(SEN)clogging,make it a promising technology.In comparison to continuous current technology,PEC has shown significant advantages in regulating inclusions,not only improving purification efficiency but also demonstrating outstanding performance in flow stability and energy consumption.The ability of PEC to efficiently reduce inclusion numbers enhances the purity and quality of molten steel,improving its mechanical properties.Currently,the theoretical basis for controlling the movement of inclusions by current is mainly composed of three major theories:the double electric layer theory,electromagnetic force reverse separation theory,and electric free energy drive theory.These theories together form an important framework for researchers to understand and optimize the behavior of impurity movement controlled by electric current.Looking ahead,PEC is expected to pave the way for new solutions in directional regulation of inclusion migration,efficient inclusion removal,SEN clogging prevention,and the purification of molten steel.展开更多
To enhance the recuperation rate of the mine and comply with the stipulations of green mining technology, it is vital to expeditiously recuperate the coal pillar resources in the final stage, thus preventing the consi...To enhance the recuperation rate of the mine and comply with the stipulations of green mining technology, it is vital to expeditiously recuperate the coal pillar resources in the final stage, thus preventing the considerable squandering of resources. The coal pillar resource of the main roadway and its branch roadway constitutes a significant recovery subject. Its coal pillar shape is regular and possesses a considerable strike distance, facilitating the arrangement of the coal pillar recovery working face (CPRWF) for mining operations. However, for the remaining coal pillars with a thick and hard roof (THF) and multiple tectonic zones, CPRWF encounters challenges in selecting an appropriate layout, managing excessive roof pressure, and predicting mining stress. Aiming at the roadway coal pillar group with THF and multi-structural areas in specific projects, a method of constructing multi-stage CPRWF by one side gob-side entry driving (GSED) and one side roadway reusing is proposed. Through theoretical calculation of roof fracture and numerical simulation verification, combined with field engineering experience and economic analysis, the width of the narrow coal pillar (NCP) in the GSED is determined to be 10 m and the length of the CPRWF is 65 m. Concurrently, the potential safety hazard that the roof will fall asymmetrically and THF is difficult to break during CPRWF mining after GSED is analyzed and verified. Then, a control method involving the pre-cutting of the roof in the reused roadway before mining is proposed. This method has been shown to facilitate the complete collapse of THF, reduce the degree of mine pressure, and facilitate the symmetrical breaking of the roof. Accordingly, a roof-cutting scheme based on a directional drilling rig, bidirectional shaped polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipe, and emulsion explosive was devised, and the pre-splitting of 8.2 m THF was accomplished. Field observations indicate that directional cracks are evident in the roof, the coal wall is flat during CPRWF mining, and the overall level of mining pressure is within the control range. Therefore, the combined application of GSED and roof-cutting technology for coal pillar recovery has been successfully implemented, thereby providing new insights and engineering references for the construction and pressure relief mining of CPRWF.展开更多
Dear Editor,Lassa virus(LASV)is the causative agent of the acute viral hemorrhagic Lassa fever(LF),which is classified into Mammarenavirus within the Arenaviridae family,with a single-stranded,negative-sense,bisegment...Dear Editor,Lassa virus(LASV)is the causative agent of the acute viral hemorrhagic Lassa fever(LF),which is classified into Mammarenavirus within the Arenaviridae family,with a single-stranded,negative-sense,bisegmented RNA genome.Due to its high pathogenicity and lethality,LASV is considered as a priority threat to public health,with an estimated cases of 300,000 infections and 5000 deaths annually.LASV was first isolated and described as a clinical entity in 1969 in Lassa,Nigeria(Garry,2023).LASV isolates of different geographic and host origins are highly diverse in genomic sequences and phylogenetically classified into up to seven lineages,with each lineage predominately localized in specific countries.Although the research on LF has been carried out for decades since the pathogen first characterized,there is no approved antiviral drugs or vaccines for clinical use against LASV to date(Grant et al.,2023).One possible reason that hindered the development of countermeasures is that the preclinical studies on authentic LASV are restricted in high bio-containment biosafety level 4(BSL-4)facilities.In this letter,we describe isolation,and characterization of the LASV from the clinical samples.And we applied a coadministration assay of antiviral drugs for LASV by using a clinically isolated Mammarenavirus lassaense strain in the BSL-4 facility,aiming to investigate new therapeutic strategies for LASV infection.展开更多
Rapid and reliable onboard optimization of bank angle profiles is crucial for mitigating uncertainties during Mars atmospheric entry.This paper presents a neural-network-accelerated methodology for optimizing parametr...Rapid and reliable onboard optimization of bank angle profiles is crucial for mitigating uncertainties during Mars atmospheric entry.This paper presents a neural-network-accelerated methodology for optimizing parametric bank angle profiles in Mars atmospheric entry missions.The methodology includes a universal approach to handling path constraints and a reliable solution method based on the Particle Swarm Optimization(PSO)algorithm.For illustrative purposes,a mission with the objective of maximizing terminal altitude is considered.The original entry optimization problem is converted into optimizing three coefficients for the bank angle profiles with terminal constraints by formulating a parametric Mars entry bank angle profile and constraint handling methods.The parameter optimization problem is addressed using the PSO algorithm,with reliability enhanced by increasing the PSO swarm size.To improve computational efficiency,an enhanced Deep Operator Network(Deep ONet)is used as a dynamics solver to predict terminal states under various bank angle profiles rapidly.Numerical simulations demonstrate that the proposed methodology ensures reliable convergence with a sufficiently large PSO swarm while maintaining high computational efficiency facilitated by the neural-network-based dynamics solver.Compared to the existing methodologies,this methodology offers a streamlined process,the reduced sensitivity to initial guesses,and the improved computational efficiency.展开更多
Car manufacturers aim to enhance the use of two-factor authentication (2FA) to protect keyless entry systems in contemporary cars. Despite providing significant ease for users, keyless entry systems have become more s...Car manufacturers aim to enhance the use of two-factor authentication (2FA) to protect keyless entry systems in contemporary cars. Despite providing significant ease for users, keyless entry systems have become more susceptible to appealing attacks like relay attacks and critical fob hacking. These weaknesses present considerable security threats, resulting in unauthorized entry and car theft. The suggested approach combines a conventional keyless entry feature with an extra security measure. Implementing multi-factor authentication significantly improves the security of systems that allow keyless entry by reducing the likelihood of unauthorized access. Research shows that the benefits of using two-factor authentication, such as a substantial increase in security, far outweigh any minor drawbacks.展开更多
Gob-side entry retaining(GER)is widely applied in China.Nevertheless,the stability mechanism of the GER with coal pilla r-backfill body(CPBB)under dynamic overburden load remains unexplored.A voussoir beam structure(V...Gob-side entry retaining(GER)is widely applied in China.Nevertheless,the stability mechanism of the GER with coal pilla r-backfill body(CPBB)under dynamic overburden load remains unexplored.A voussoir beam structure(VBS)model is established to analyze roof structure stability during panel advancement,introducing a VBS stability criterion.Reducing block B length l and immediate roof damage variable D,and increasing coal pillar widthχ_(c).lowers the GER structure instability risk.Reducing l and the GER width w leads to a CPBB system stability upswing.A UDEC model was established to systematically reveal how the l,backfill body width x_(b),and strength affect the stability and coupling performance of the CPPB system by monitoring the crack damage D_(C).Simulation results indicate that at l=14 m,χ_(b)=2.0 m,watercement ratio 1.5:1,the coal pillar and backfill body have similar D_(C)but maintain stability,resulting in CPPB system coupling degree K,better.A novel GER method supported by the CPBB was implemented on-site.Monitoring results indicated that the coal pillar peak stresses were 19.17 MPa(ahead),16.14 MPa(behind),and the backfill body peak stress was 12.27 MPa(maximum).The floor heave was380 mm,with a 103 mm backfill body rib.展开更多
This paper reports an experimental investigation on the flow of a water entry cavity formed with a water jet cavitator.To investigate the formation characteristics,systematic water entry experiments were conducted in ...This paper reports an experimental investigation on the flow of a water entry cavity formed with a water jet cavitator.To investigate the formation characteristics,systematic water entry experiments were conducted in a water tank under different water jet rates,entry velocities,entry angles,and nozzle diameters.The formation mechanism of the water entry cavity was also analyzed.Results indicate that before the model impacts the water surface for water entry with a water jet cavitator,a gas bubble is created,and its width increases as the model approaches the water surface.Moreover,the length of the water jet gradually reduces to zero due to the increase in the static pressure of the water.The formation of the cavity is directly correlated with the location of the stagnation point moving downstream from the far field of the water jet to the exit of the water jet nozzle with the increasing entry depth.The dominant parameter is the momentum ratio of the water jet and quiescent water.展开更多
This paper explores the deformation mechanism and control technology of roof pre-splitting for gob-side entries in hard roof full-mechanized longwall caving panel(LTCC).The investigation utilizes a comprehensive appro...This paper explores the deformation mechanism and control technology of roof pre-splitting for gob-side entries in hard roof full-mechanized longwall caving panel(LTCC).The investigation utilizes a comprehensive approach that integrates field monitoring,theoretical analysis,and numerical simulation.Theoretical analysis has illuminated the influence of the length of the lateral cantilever beam of the main roof(LCBM)above the roadway on the stability of the gob-side entry behind the panel.Numerical simulations have further revealed that the longer LCBM results in heightened vertical stress within the coal pillar,developed cracks around the roadway,and more pronounced damage to the roadway.Moreover,numerical simulations also demonstrate the potential of roof pre-splitting technology in optimizing the fracture position of the hard roof.This technology significantly reduces the length of the LCBM,thereby alleviating stress concentration in the coal pillars and integrated coal rib while minimizing the destruction of the gob-side entry.Therefore,this manuscript first proposes the use of roof pre-splitting technology to control roadway deformation,and automatically retain the entry within a hard roof LTCC panel.Field implementation has demonstrated that the proposed automatically retained entry by roof pre-splitting technology effectively reduces gob-side entry deformation and achieves automatically retained entry.展开更多
This study is the result of long-term efforts of the authors’team to assess ground response of gob-side entry by roof cutting(GSERC)with hard main roof,aiming at scientific control for GSERC deformation.A comprehensi...This study is the result of long-term efforts of the authors’team to assess ground response of gob-side entry by roof cutting(GSERC)with hard main roof,aiming at scientific control for GSERC deformation.A comprehensive field measurement program was conducted to determine entry deformation,roof fracture zone,and anchor bolt(cable)loading.The results indicate that GSERC deformation presents asymmetric characteristics.The maximum convergence near roof cutting side is 458 mm during the primary use process and 1120 mm during the secondary reuse process.The entry deformation is closely associated with the primary development stage,primary use stage,and secondary reuse stage.The key block movement of roof cutting structure,a complex stress environment,and a mismatch in the supporting design scheme are the failure mechanism of GSERC.A controlling ideology for mining states,including regional and stage divisions,was proposed.Both dynamic and permanent support schemes have been implemented in the field.Engineering practice results indicate that the new support scheme can efficiently ensure long-term entry safety and could be a reliable approach for other engineering practices.展开更多
Firm entry plays an important role in the industrial transformation of mature resource-based cities.This study describes the industrial evolution of resource-based cities at the firm level and uses kernel density esti...Firm entry plays an important role in the industrial transformation of mature resource-based cities.This study describes the industrial evolution of resource-based cities at the firm level and uses kernel density estimation and econometric models to study the spatiotemporal characteristics and determinants of new firm entry from 2011 to 2019 in four mature resource-based cities.The results are summarized as follows:(1)New resource-based firm entry tends to be natural resource-oriented and path-dependent.The new non-resource-based firms show a high concentration in central urban areas,and the industry types are mainly wholesale and retail of resource products,cultural tourism,and equipment manufacturing.(2)Heterogeneous incumbent firms affect firm entry differently.Affected by competition and agglomeration effects,resource-based and non-resource-based incumbent firms have negative and positive impacts on new resource-based firm entry,respectively.Resourcebased incumbent firm agglomeration positively influences new non-resource-based firm entry.(3)Besides incumbent firms,firm entry can also be affected by multidimensional factors,such as factor costs,economic environment,and institutional environment.Research on new firm entry can better reveal the path dependence and path creation process of the industrial development of resource-based cities from a micro-perspective.展开更多
Influenza A virus(IAV)binds sialic acid receptors on the cell surface to enter the host cells,which is the key step in initiating infection,transmission and pathogenesis.Understanding the factors that contribute to th...Influenza A virus(IAV)binds sialic acid receptors on the cell surface to enter the host cells,which is the key step in initiating infection,transmission and pathogenesis.Understanding the factors that contribute to the highly efficient entry of IAV into human cells will help elucidate the mechanism of viral entry and pathogenicity,and provide new targets for intervention.In the present study,we reported a novel membrane protein,C1QTNF5,which binds to the hemagglutinin protein of IAV and promotes IAV infection in vitro and in vivo.We found that the HA1 region of IAV hemagglutinin is critical for the interaction with C1QTNF5 protein,and C1QTNF5 interacts with hemagglutinin mainly through its N-terminus(1–103 aa).In addition,we further demonstrated that overexpression of C1QTNF5 promotes IAV entry,while blocking the interaction between C1QTNF5 and IAV hemagglutinin greatly inhibits viral entry.However,C1QTNF5 does not function as a receptor to mediate IAV infection in sialic acid-deficient CHO-Lec2 cells,but promotes IAV to attach to these cells,suggesting that C1QTNF5 is an important attachment factor for IAV.This work reveals C1QTNF5 as a novel IAV attachment factor and provides a new perspective for antiviral strategies.展开更多
The spike protein(S)of SARS-CoV-2 is responsible for viral attachment and entry,thus a major factor for host suscep-tibility,tissue tropism,virulence and pathogenicity.The S is divided with S1 and S2 region,and the S1...The spike protein(S)of SARS-CoV-2 is responsible for viral attachment and entry,thus a major factor for host suscep-tibility,tissue tropism,virulence and pathogenicity.The S is divided with S1 and S2 region,and the S1 contains the receptor-binding domain(RBD),while the S2 contains the hydrophobic fusion domain for the entry into the host cell.Numerous host proteases have been implicated in the activation of SARS-CoV-2 S through various c leavage sites.In this article,we review host proteases including furin,trypsin,transmembrane protease serine 2(TMPRSS2)and cathepsins in the activation of SARS-CoV-2 S.Many betacoronaviruses including SARS-CoV-2 have polybasic residues at the S1/S2 site which is subjected to the cleavage by furin.The S1/S2 cleavage facilitates more assessable RBD to the receptor ACE2,and the binding triggers further conformational changes and exposure of the S2'site to proteases such as type Il transmembrane serine proteases(TTPRs)including TMPRSS2.In the presence of TMPRSS2 on the target cells,SARS-CoV-2 can utilize a direct entry route by fusion of the viral envelope to the cellular membrane.In the absence of TMPRSS2,SARS-CoV-2 enter target cells via endosomes where multiple cathepsins cleave the S for the successful entry.Additional host proteases involved in the cleavage of the S were discussed.This article also includes roles of 3C-like protease inhibitors which have inhibitory activity against cathepsin L in the entry of SARS-CoV-2,and discussed the dual roles of such inhibitors in virus replication.展开更多
Objectives To identify the 5'untranslated region of Zika virus(ZIKV 5'UTR)RNA-binding proteins and to investigate the impact of the binding protein on the activity of internal ribosomal entry site(IRES)located...Objectives To identify the 5'untranslated region of Zika virus(ZIKV 5'UTR)RNA-binding proteins and to investigate the impact of the binding protein on the activity of internal ribosomal entry site(IRES)located in ZIKV 5'UTR and virus production.Methods Interacting proteins in U251 cells were captured using tRSA-tagged ZIKV 5'UTR RNA and tRSA-ZIKV 5'UTR RNA-binding proteins were visualized by SDS-PAGE silver staining,Subsequently,liquid chromatographytandem mass spectrometry(LC-MS/MS),bioinformatics analysis,and Western blot were used to identify the candidate proteins binding to ZIKV 5'UTR.Dicistronic expression assay and plaque forming assay were performed to analyze the effect of the binding protein on ZIKV IRES activity and ZIKV production,respecitvely.Results tRSA RNA pull-down assay,LC-MS/MS,and Western blot analysis showed that polypyrimidine tractbinding protein(PTB)bound to the ZIKV 5'UTR.Furthermore,dual luciferase reporter assay revealed that overexpression of PTB significantly enhanced the IRES activity of ZIKV(t=10.220,P<0.001),while PTB knockdown had the opposite effect(t=4.897,P<0.01).Additionally,virus plaque forming assay demonstrated that up-regulation of PTB expression significantly enhanced viral titer(t=6.400,P<0.01),whereas reducing PTB expression level weakened virus infectivity(t=5.055,P<0.01).Conclusion PTB positively interacts with the ZIKV 5'UTR and enhances IRES activity and virus production.展开更多
To explore the water entry flow and impact load characteristics of northern gannets,we conducted water entry experiments using a northern gannet’s head model based on three-dimensional(3D)printing and several cone mo...To explore the water entry flow and impact load characteristics of northern gannets,we conducted water entry experiments using a northern gannet’s head model based on three-dimensional(3D)printing and several cone models under different Froude numbers.A high-speed camera was used to capture flow images,and an inertial measurement unit(IMU)was used to record the water entry impact loads.The results indicate that the geometric topology of the model considerably influenced the water entry flow and impact load.Specifically,the northern gannet’s head model created a smaller water entry splash crown,cavity geometry,and impact load compared with the cone models of similar sizes.展开更多
The CALPHAD thermodynamic databases are very useful to analyze the complex chemical reactions happening in high temperature material process.The FactSage thermodynamic database can be used to calculate complex phase d...The CALPHAD thermodynamic databases are very useful to analyze the complex chemical reactions happening in high temperature material process.The FactSage thermodynamic database can be used to calculate complex phase diagrams and equilibrium phases involving refractories in industrial process.In this study,the FactSage thermodynamic database relevant to ZrO_(2)-based refractories was reviewed and the application of the database to understanding the corrosion of continuous casting nozzle refractories in steelmaking was presented.展开更多
A non-pillar coal-mining technology with an automatically formed entry is proposed,which reduces the waste of coal resources and the underground entry drivage workload.Three key techniques in this technology cooperate...A non-pillar coal-mining technology with an automatically formed entry is proposed,which reduces the waste of coal resources and the underground entry drivage workload.Three key techniques in this technology cooperate to achieve automatic formation and retaining of the gob-side entry,and to realize nonpillar mining.Constant-resistance large deformation(CRLD)support ensures the stability of the entry roof;directional presplitting blasting(DPB)separates the entry roof and the gob roof;and a blockinggangue support system(BGSS)integrates the caved rock material as an effective entry rib.An industrial test was conducted to verify the engineering effects of these key techniques.The field application results showed that the retained entry was under the pressure-relief zone due to the broken-expansion nature of the caved rock mass within the DPB height.After going through a provisional dynamic pressure-bearing zone,the retained entry entered the stability zone.The final stable entry meets the requirements of safety and production.The research results demonstrate the good engineering applicability of this technology.By taking the framework of the technology design principles into consideration and adjusting the measures according to different site conditions,it is expected that the proposed non-pillar coal-mining technology can be popularized on a large scale.展开更多
Recent studies in secretory pathway calcium ATPases （SPCA） revealed novel functions of SPCA2 in interacting with store-operated Ca2＋ channel Oral I and inducing Ca2＋ influx at the cell surface. Importantly, SPCA2-...Recent studies in secretory pathway calcium ATPases （SPCA） revealed novel functions of SPCA2 in interacting with store-operated Ca2＋ channel Oral I and inducing Ca2＋ influx at the cell surface. Importantly, SPCA2-mediated Ca2＋ signaling is uncoupled from its conventional role of Ca2＋-ATPase and independent of store-operated Ca2＋ signaling pathway. SPCA2-induced store-independent Ca2＋ entry （SICE） plays essential roles in many important physiological processes, while unbalanced SICE leads to enhanced cell proliferation and tumorigenesis. Finally, we have summarized the clinical implication of SICE in oral cancer prognosis and treatment. Inhibition of SICE may be a new target for the development of cancer therapeutics.展开更多
Two different entry vehicles are presented here： the Inflatable Reentry and Descent Demonstrator （IRDT）, and Huygens. Both missions involve （re）entries at conditions close to orbital, and have been performed in 2...Two different entry vehicles are presented here： the Inflatable Reentry and Descent Demonstrator （IRDT）, and Huygens. Both missions involve （re）entries at conditions close to orbital, and have been performed in 2005. Specific aspects of the design and the mission of IRDT are briefly outlined. The preliminary results of the recent flight of IRDT and the methodology followed at ESTEC for the assessment of radiative fluxes for Huygens are summarised.展开更多
基金supported by the National Outstanding Youth Science Fund Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China(52302031)National Natural Science Foundation of China(51932008 and 51772277)Central China Thousand Talents Project(204200510011).
文摘The reaction of carbon-free oxide-based(corundum,spinel,zirconia,and mullite)submerged entry nozzle(SEN)lining with rare earth inclusions and its anti-clogging effects under near working conditions were systematically studied.A variety of lining composite test methods were innovatively used to ensure the consistency of test conditions.The experimental results showed that the mullite(acidic oxide)has strong reactivity with rare earth inclusions,and the spinel(basic oxide)has stable chemical properties and weak reactivity with rare earth inclusions.Because alumina is one of the main reactants of clogging formation,corundum is not suitable for SEN lining.There are less clogs on the surface of zirconia,but it will be exsoluted and unstable.Therefore,solving the problem of zirconia exsolution will greatly strengthen its application in SEN lining.
基金supported by grants from the Russian Science Foundation(23-44-00054)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32261133525).
文摘Stromal interaction molecules(STIM)s are Ca^(2+)sensors in internal Ca^(2+)stores of the endoplasmic reticulum.They activate the store-operated Ca^(2+)channels,which are the main source of Ca^(2+)entry in non-excitable cells.Moreover,STIM proteins interact with other Ca^(2+)channel subunits and active transporters,making STIMs an important intermediate molecule in orchestrating a wide variety of Ca^(2+)influxes into excitable cells.Nevertheless,little is known about the role of STIM proteins in brain functioning.Being involved in many signaling pathways,STIMs replenish internal Ca^(2+)stores in neurons and mediate synaptic transmission and neuronal excitability.Ca^(2+)dyshomeostasis is a signature of many pathological conditions of the brain,including neurodegenerative diseases,injuries,stroke,and epilepsy.STIMs play a role in these disturbances not only by supporting abnormal store-operated Ca^(2+)entry but also by regulating Ca^(2+)influx through other channels.Here,we review the present knowledge of STIMs in neurons and their involvement in brain pathology.
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.FRF-BD-23-01).
文摘Non-metallic inclusions in steel are a significant challenge,affecting material properties and leading to issues such as stress concentration,cracking,and accelerated corrosion.Current methods for removing inclusions,including bubble,electromagnetic stirring,filtration separation,fluid flow,and sedimentation,often struggle with the removal of fine inclusions.Apart from these known methods,pulsed electric current(PEC),as an emerging technology,has demonstrated immense potential and environmental advantages.PEC offers adjustable current parameters and simple equipment,making it an attractive alternative to traditional methods.Its green energy-saving features and excellent results in regulating inclusion morphology and migration,as well as inhibiting submerged entry nozzle(SEN)clogging,make it a promising technology.In comparison to continuous current technology,PEC has shown significant advantages in regulating inclusions,not only improving purification efficiency but also demonstrating outstanding performance in flow stability and energy consumption.The ability of PEC to efficiently reduce inclusion numbers enhances the purity and quality of molten steel,improving its mechanical properties.Currently,the theoretical basis for controlling the movement of inclusions by current is mainly composed of three major theories:the double electric layer theory,electromagnetic force reverse separation theory,and electric free energy drive theory.These theories together form an important framework for researchers to understand and optimize the behavior of impurity movement controlled by electric current.Looking ahead,PEC is expected to pave the way for new solutions in directional regulation of inclusion migration,efficient inclusion removal,SEN clogging prevention,and the purification of molten steel.
基金Project(52204164) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2023ZKPYSB01) supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China。
文摘To enhance the recuperation rate of the mine and comply with the stipulations of green mining technology, it is vital to expeditiously recuperate the coal pillar resources in the final stage, thus preventing the considerable squandering of resources. The coal pillar resource of the main roadway and its branch roadway constitutes a significant recovery subject. Its coal pillar shape is regular and possesses a considerable strike distance, facilitating the arrangement of the coal pillar recovery working face (CPRWF) for mining operations. However, for the remaining coal pillars with a thick and hard roof (THF) and multiple tectonic zones, CPRWF encounters challenges in selecting an appropriate layout, managing excessive roof pressure, and predicting mining stress. Aiming at the roadway coal pillar group with THF and multi-structural areas in specific projects, a method of constructing multi-stage CPRWF by one side gob-side entry driving (GSED) and one side roadway reusing is proposed. Through theoretical calculation of roof fracture and numerical simulation verification, combined with field engineering experience and economic analysis, the width of the narrow coal pillar (NCP) in the GSED is determined to be 10 m and the length of the CPRWF is 65 m. Concurrently, the potential safety hazard that the roof will fall asymmetrically and THF is difficult to break during CPRWF mining after GSED is analyzed and verified. Then, a control method involving the pre-cutting of the roof in the reused roadway before mining is proposed. This method has been shown to facilitate the complete collapse of THF, reduce the degree of mine pressure, and facilitate the symmetrical breaking of the roof. Accordingly, a roof-cutting scheme based on a directional drilling rig, bidirectional shaped polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipe, and emulsion explosive was devised, and the pre-splitting of 8.2 m THF was accomplished. Field observations indicate that directional cracks are evident in the roof, the coal wall is flat during CPRWF mining, and the overall level of mining pressure is within the control range. Therefore, the combined application of GSED and roof-cutting technology for coal pillar recovery has been successfully implemented, thereby providing new insights and engineering references for the construction and pressure relief mining of CPRWF.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFC2303300,2023YFC2605504)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82172273 and 31670165)the Open Research Fund Program of the State Key Laboratory of Virology of China(2023JZZD-01).
文摘Dear Editor,Lassa virus(LASV)is the causative agent of the acute viral hemorrhagic Lassa fever(LF),which is classified into Mammarenavirus within the Arenaviridae family,with a single-stranded,negative-sense,bisegmented RNA genome.Due to its high pathogenicity and lethality,LASV is considered as a priority threat to public health,with an estimated cases of 300,000 infections and 5000 deaths annually.LASV was first isolated and described as a clinical entity in 1969 in Lassa,Nigeria(Garry,2023).LASV isolates of different geographic and host origins are highly diverse in genomic sequences and phylogenetically classified into up to seven lineages,with each lineage predominately localized in specific countries.Although the research on LF has been carried out for decades since the pathogen first characterized,there is no approved antiviral drugs or vaccines for clinical use against LASV to date(Grant et al.,2023).One possible reason that hindered the development of countermeasures is that the preclinical studies on authentic LASV are restricted in high bio-containment biosafety level 4(BSL-4)facilities.In this letter,we describe isolation,and characterization of the LASV from the clinical samples.And we applied a coadministration assay of antiviral drugs for LASV by using a clinically isolated Mammarenavirus lassaense strain in the BSL-4 facility,aiming to investigate new therapeutic strategies for LASV infection.
基金supported in part by the National Defense Basic Scientific Research Program of China(No.JCKY2021603B030)the Shenzhen Fundamental Research Program,China(No.JCYJ20220818102601004)the Science Center Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.62188101)。
文摘Rapid and reliable onboard optimization of bank angle profiles is crucial for mitigating uncertainties during Mars atmospheric entry.This paper presents a neural-network-accelerated methodology for optimizing parametric bank angle profiles in Mars atmospheric entry missions.The methodology includes a universal approach to handling path constraints and a reliable solution method based on the Particle Swarm Optimization(PSO)algorithm.For illustrative purposes,a mission with the objective of maximizing terminal altitude is considered.The original entry optimization problem is converted into optimizing three coefficients for the bank angle profiles with terminal constraints by formulating a parametric Mars entry bank angle profile and constraint handling methods.The parameter optimization problem is addressed using the PSO algorithm,with reliability enhanced by increasing the PSO swarm size.To improve computational efficiency,an enhanced Deep Operator Network(Deep ONet)is used as a dynamics solver to predict terminal states under various bank angle profiles rapidly.Numerical simulations demonstrate that the proposed methodology ensures reliable convergence with a sufficiently large PSO swarm while maintaining high computational efficiency facilitated by the neural-network-based dynamics solver.Compared to the existing methodologies,this methodology offers a streamlined process,the reduced sensitivity to initial guesses,and the improved computational efficiency.
文摘Car manufacturers aim to enhance the use of two-factor authentication (2FA) to protect keyless entry systems in contemporary cars. Despite providing significant ease for users, keyless entry systems have become more susceptible to appealing attacks like relay attacks and critical fob hacking. These weaknesses present considerable security threats, resulting in unauthorized entry and car theft. The suggested approach combines a conventional keyless entry feature with an extra security measure. Implementing multi-factor authentication significantly improves the security of systems that allow keyless entry by reducing the likelihood of unauthorized access. Research shows that the benefits of using two-factor authentication, such as a substantial increase in security, far outweigh any minor drawbacks.
基金financial support provided by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52574126and 52574144)the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Key R&D Project Task Special-Department and Department Linkage Project(No.2022B01051)+4 种基金the Major Project of Regional Joint Foundation of China(No.U21A20107)the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Tianchi Introduction Plan(No.2024XGYTCYC03)the Scientific Research Fund of Hunan Provincial Education Department(No.24A0359)the Urumqi City Hongshan Sci-Tech Innvoation Elite Talents Youth Top Talents Program(No.B241013004)the National Key Research and Development Program Young Scientists Project(No.2024YFC2910600)。
文摘Gob-side entry retaining(GER)is widely applied in China.Nevertheless,the stability mechanism of the GER with coal pilla r-backfill body(CPBB)under dynamic overburden load remains unexplored.A voussoir beam structure(VBS)model is established to analyze roof structure stability during panel advancement,introducing a VBS stability criterion.Reducing block B length l and immediate roof damage variable D,and increasing coal pillar widthχ_(c).lowers the GER structure instability risk.Reducing l and the GER width w leads to a CPBB system stability upswing.A UDEC model was established to systematically reveal how the l,backfill body width x_(b),and strength affect the stability and coupling performance of the CPPB system by monitoring the crack damage D_(C).Simulation results indicate that at l=14 m,χ_(b)=2.0 m,watercement ratio 1.5:1,the coal pillar and backfill body have similar D_(C)but maintain stability,resulting in CPPB system coupling degree K,better.A novel GER method supported by the CPBB was implemented on-site.Monitoring results indicated that the coal pillar peak stresses were 19.17 MPa(ahead),16.14 MPa(behind),and the backfill body peak stress was 12.27 MPa(maximum).The floor heave was380 mm,with a 103 mm backfill body rib.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52371344 and U22A2012)Guangdong Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(No.2024A1515012274 and 2021A1515011917)+1 种基金The Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,Sun Yat-sen University(No.22qntd0601)the start-up funding received by Prof.Yunhua Jiang from Sun Yat-sen University.
文摘This paper reports an experimental investigation on the flow of a water entry cavity formed with a water jet cavitator.To investigate the formation characteristics,systematic water entry experiments were conducted in a water tank under different water jet rates,entry velocities,entry angles,and nozzle diameters.The formation mechanism of the water entry cavity was also analyzed.Results indicate that before the model impacts the water surface for water entry with a water jet cavitator,a gas bubble is created,and its width increases as the model approaches the water surface.Moreover,the length of the water jet gradually reduces to zero due to the increase in the static pressure of the water.The formation of the cavity is directly correlated with the location of the stagnation point moving downstream from the far field of the water jet to the exit of the water jet nozzle with the increasing entry depth.The dominant parameter is the momentum ratio of the water jet and quiescent water.
基金Project(52104139)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China Youth Science FoundationProject(SKLGDUEK2132)supported by the State Key Laboratory for Geomechanics and Deep Underground Engineering,China University of Mining and Technology/China University of Mining and Technology-BeijingProjects([2020]2Y030,[2020]2Y019,[2020j3007,[2020]3008,and[2022j0il]supported by the Guizhou Province Science and Technology Planning,China Project(2022B01051)supported by the Key Research and Development Special Tasks of Xinjiang,China。
文摘This paper explores the deformation mechanism and control technology of roof pre-splitting for gob-side entries in hard roof full-mechanized longwall caving panel(LTCC).The investigation utilizes a comprehensive approach that integrates field monitoring,theoretical analysis,and numerical simulation.Theoretical analysis has illuminated the influence of the length of the lateral cantilever beam of the main roof(LCBM)above the roadway on the stability of the gob-side entry behind the panel.Numerical simulations have further revealed that the longer LCBM results in heightened vertical stress within the coal pillar,developed cracks around the roadway,and more pronounced damage to the roadway.Moreover,numerical simulations also demonstrate the potential of roof pre-splitting technology in optimizing the fracture position of the hard roof.This technology significantly reduces the length of the LCBM,thereby alleviating stress concentration in the coal pillars and integrated coal rib while minimizing the destruction of the gob-side entry.Therefore,this manuscript first proposes the use of roof pre-splitting technology to control roadway deformation,and automatically retain the entry within a hard roof LTCC panel.Field implementation has demonstrated that the proposed automatically retained entry by roof pre-splitting technology effectively reduces gob-side entry deformation and achieves automatically retained entry.
基金Project(WPUKFJJ2019-19)supported by the Open Fund of State Key Laboratory of Water Resource Protection and Utilization in Coal Mining,ChinaProject(51974317)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China。
文摘This study is the result of long-term efforts of the authors’team to assess ground response of gob-side entry by roof cutting(GSERC)with hard main roof,aiming at scientific control for GSERC deformation.A comprehensive field measurement program was conducted to determine entry deformation,roof fracture zone,and anchor bolt(cable)loading.The results indicate that GSERC deformation presents asymmetric characteristics.The maximum convergence near roof cutting side is 458 mm during the primary use process and 1120 mm during the secondary reuse process.The entry deformation is closely associated with the primary development stage,primary use stage,and secondary reuse stage.The key block movement of roof cutting structure,a complex stress environment,and a mismatch in the supporting design scheme are the failure mechanism of GSERC.A controlling ideology for mining states,including regional and stage divisions,was proposed.Both dynamic and permanent support schemes have been implemented in the field.Engineering practice results indicate that the new support scheme can efficiently ensure long-term entry safety and could be a reliable approach for other engineering practices.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.72050001。
文摘Firm entry plays an important role in the industrial transformation of mature resource-based cities.This study describes the industrial evolution of resource-based cities at the firm level and uses kernel density estimation and econometric models to study the spatiotemporal characteristics and determinants of new firm entry from 2011 to 2019 in four mature resource-based cities.The results are summarized as follows:(1)New resource-based firm entry tends to be natural resource-oriented and path-dependent.The new non-resource-based firms show a high concentration in central urban areas,and the industry types are mainly wholesale and retail of resource products,cultural tourism,and equipment manufacturing.(2)Heterogeneous incumbent firms affect firm entry differently.Affected by competition and agglomeration effects,resource-based and non-resource-based incumbent firms have negative and positive impacts on new resource-based firm entry,respectively.Resourcebased incumbent firm agglomeration positively influences new non-resource-based firm entry.(3)Besides incumbent firms,firm entry can also be affected by multidimensional factors,such as factor costs,economic environment,and institutional environment.Research on new firm entry can better reveal the path dependence and path creation process of the industrial development of resource-based cities from a micro-perspective.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(32188101 and 81930060).
文摘Influenza A virus(IAV)binds sialic acid receptors on the cell surface to enter the host cells,which is the key step in initiating infection,transmission and pathogenesis.Understanding the factors that contribute to the highly efficient entry of IAV into human cells will help elucidate the mechanism of viral entry and pathogenicity,and provide new targets for intervention.In the present study,we reported a novel membrane protein,C1QTNF5,which binds to the hemagglutinin protein of IAV and promotes IAV infection in vitro and in vivo.We found that the HA1 region of IAV hemagglutinin is critical for the interaction with C1QTNF5 protein,and C1QTNF5 interacts with hemagglutinin mainly through its N-terminus(1–103 aa).In addition,we further demonstrated that overexpression of C1QTNF5 promotes IAV entry,while blocking the interaction between C1QTNF5 and IAV hemagglutinin greatly inhibits viral entry.However,C1QTNF5 does not function as a receptor to mediate IAV infection in sialic acid-deficient CHO-Lec2 cells,but promotes IAV to attach to these cells,suggesting that C1QTNF5 is an important attachment factor for IAV.This work reveals C1QTNF5 as a novel IAV attachment factor and provides a new perspective for antiviral strategies.
基金National Institutes of Health(NIH)(grants R01 A/130092 and Al161085).
文摘The spike protein(S)of SARS-CoV-2 is responsible for viral attachment and entry,thus a major factor for host suscep-tibility,tissue tropism,virulence and pathogenicity.The S is divided with S1 and S2 region,and the S1 contains the receptor-binding domain(RBD),while the S2 contains the hydrophobic fusion domain for the entry into the host cell.Numerous host proteases have been implicated in the activation of SARS-CoV-2 S through various c leavage sites.In this article,we review host proteases including furin,trypsin,transmembrane protease serine 2(TMPRSS2)and cathepsins in the activation of SARS-CoV-2 S.Many betacoronaviruses including SARS-CoV-2 have polybasic residues at the S1/S2 site which is subjected to the cleavage by furin.The S1/S2 cleavage facilitates more assessable RBD to the receptor ACE2,and the binding triggers further conformational changes and exposure of the S2'site to proteases such as type Il transmembrane serine proteases(TTPRs)including TMPRSS2.In the presence of TMPRSS2 on the target cells,SARS-CoV-2 can utilize a direct entry route by fusion of the viral envelope to the cellular membrane.In the absence of TMPRSS2,SARS-CoV-2 enter target cells via endosomes where multiple cathepsins cleave the S for the successful entry.Additional host proteases involved in the cleavage of the S were discussed.This article also includes roles of 3C-like protease inhibitors which have inhibitory activity against cathepsin L in the entry of SARS-CoV-2,and discussed the dual roles of such inhibitors in virus replication.
文摘Objectives To identify the 5'untranslated region of Zika virus(ZIKV 5'UTR)RNA-binding proteins and to investigate the impact of the binding protein on the activity of internal ribosomal entry site(IRES)located in ZIKV 5'UTR and virus production.Methods Interacting proteins in U251 cells were captured using tRSA-tagged ZIKV 5'UTR RNA and tRSA-ZIKV 5'UTR RNA-binding proteins were visualized by SDS-PAGE silver staining,Subsequently,liquid chromatographytandem mass spectrometry(LC-MS/MS),bioinformatics analysis,and Western blot were used to identify the candidate proteins binding to ZIKV 5'UTR.Dicistronic expression assay and plaque forming assay were performed to analyze the effect of the binding protein on ZIKV IRES activity and ZIKV production,respecitvely.Results tRSA RNA pull-down assay,LC-MS/MS,and Western blot analysis showed that polypyrimidine tractbinding protein(PTB)bound to the ZIKV 5'UTR.Furthermore,dual luciferase reporter assay revealed that overexpression of PTB significantly enhanced the IRES activity of ZIKV(t=10.220,P<0.001),while PTB knockdown had the opposite effect(t=4.897,P<0.01).Additionally,virus plaque forming assay demonstrated that up-regulation of PTB expression significantly enhanced viral titer(t=6.400,P<0.01),whereas reducing PTB expression level weakened virus infectivity(t=5.055,P<0.01).Conclusion PTB positively interacts with the ZIKV 5'UTR and enhances IRES activity and virus production.
基金Supported by the Guangdong Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.2021A1515011917the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.52371344 and U22A2012+1 种基金Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,Sun Yat-sen University under Grant No.22qntd0601the start-up funding to Y.J.from Sun Yat-sen University.
文摘To explore the water entry flow and impact load characteristics of northern gannets,we conducted water entry experiments using a northern gannet’s head model based on three-dimensional(3D)printing and several cone models under different Froude numbers.A high-speed camera was used to capture flow images,and an inertial measurement unit(IMU)was used to record the water entry impact loads.The results indicate that the geometric topology of the model considerably influenced the water entry flow and impact load.Specifically,the northern gannet’s head model created a smaller water entry splash crown,cavity geometry,and impact load compared with the cone models of similar sizes.
基金Tata Steel Netherlands,Posco,Hyundai Steel,Nucor Steel,RioTinto,Nippon Steel Corp.,JFE Steel,Voestalpine,RHi-Magnesita,Doosan Enerbility,Seah Besteel,Umicore,Vesuvius and Schott AG are gratefully acknowledged.
文摘The CALPHAD thermodynamic databases are very useful to analyze the complex chemical reactions happening in high temperature material process.The FactSage thermodynamic database can be used to calculate complex phase diagrams and equilibrium phases involving refractories in industrial process.In this study,the FactSage thermodynamic database relevant to ZrO_(2)-based refractories was reviewed and the application of the database to understanding the corrosion of continuous casting nozzle refractories in steelmaking was presented.
基金This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFC0600900)the Program of China Scholarship Council(201806430070).
文摘A non-pillar coal-mining technology with an automatically formed entry is proposed,which reduces the waste of coal resources and the underground entry drivage workload.Three key techniques in this technology cooperate to achieve automatic formation and retaining of the gob-side entry,and to realize nonpillar mining.Constant-resistance large deformation(CRLD)support ensures the stability of the entry roof;directional presplitting blasting(DPB)separates the entry roof and the gob roof;and a blockinggangue support system(BGSS)integrates the caved rock material as an effective entry rib.An industrial test was conducted to verify the engineering effects of these key techniques.The field application results showed that the retained entry was under the pressure-relief zone due to the broken-expansion nature of the caved rock mass within the DPB height.After going through a provisional dynamic pressure-bearing zone,the retained entry entered the stability zone.The final stable entry meets the requirements of safety and production.The research results demonstrate the good engineering applicability of this technology.By taking the framework of the technology design principles into consideration and adjusting the measures according to different site conditions,it is expected that the proposed non-pillar coal-mining technology can be popularized on a large scale.
基金supported by grant GM62142 from the National Institution of Health to Rajini RaoAmerican Heart Association Pre-doctoral Fellowship 0815058E to Ming-Ye Fengsupported by Open Fund of State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Sichuan University
文摘Recent studies in secretory pathway calcium ATPases （SPCA） revealed novel functions of SPCA2 in interacting with store-operated Ca2＋ channel Oral I and inducing Ca2＋ influx at the cell surface. Importantly, SPCA2-mediated Ca2＋ signaling is uncoupled from its conventional role of Ca2＋-ATPase and independent of store-operated Ca2＋ signaling pathway. SPCA2-induced store-independent Ca2＋ entry （SICE） plays essential roles in many important physiological processes, while unbalanced SICE leads to enhanced cell proliferation and tumorigenesis. Finally, we have summarized the clinical implication of SICE in oral cancer prognosis and treatment. Inhibition of SICE may be a new target for the development of cancer therapeutics.
文摘Two different entry vehicles are presented here： the Inflatable Reentry and Descent Demonstrator （IRDT）, and Huygens. Both missions involve （re）entries at conditions close to orbital, and have been performed in 2005. Specific aspects of the design and the mission of IRDT are briefly outlined. The preliminary results of the recent flight of IRDT and the methodology followed at ESTEC for the assessment of radiative fluxes for Huygens are summarised.
