With the support by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,the research team directed by Prof.Cao Xuetao(曹雪涛)at the National Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology&Department of Immunology,Chines...With the support by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,the research team directed by Prof.Cao Xuetao(曹雪涛)at the National Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology&Department of Immunology,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences,and the National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology,Second Military Medical University,recently reported that RNA helicase DDX46is展开更多
In this paper,the entrapping control problem of discrete-time AUVs with local coordinate frames is studied.To achieve entrapment in arbitrarily shaped orbits and formations,we design a bearingbased leader-following fr...In this paper,the entrapping control problem of discrete-time AUVs with local coordinate frames is studied.To achieve entrapment in arbitrarily shaped orbits and formations,we design a bearingbased leader-following framework fully in the discrete-time domain with four parts:the orientation estimation unit,estimator unit,controller unit and parameters tuning unit.With bearing measurements and communication information,the orientation estimation unit can estimate orientations of local coordinate frames infinite time,and the estimator unit can achieve local localization.Based on estimation,the controller unit can drive each AUV to track the desired orbit or formation with an arbitrary shape.We present su±cient conditions under which stability of the overall system is proved using the theorem offinite-time stability and LaSalle's theorem for the discrete-time system.Moreover,the parameters tuning unit can calculate optimal parameters to improve overall performance.Additionally,we extend our schemes to nonholonomic AUVs with unicycle models.Finally,simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.展开更多
In order to examine the flow state of the steel-slag interface in a thin slab mold at high casting speed,a flexible thin slab casting mold and a novel five-hole nozzle were investigated.The maximum velocity and fluctu...In order to examine the flow state of the steel-slag interface in a thin slab mold at high casting speed,a flexible thin slab casting mold and a novel five-hole nozzle were investigated.The maximum velocity and fluctuation height of the steel-slag interface in the mold served as the evaluation criteria.Numerical simulation techniques,including large eddy simulation and volume of fluid,were employed to develop a two-phase flow model of liquid steel and slag.This model facilitated the analysis of the fluctuation behavior of the steel-slag interface and the mechanisms of slag entrapment.The results indicated that maintaining the stability of the steel-slag interface could be achieved by ensuring that the maximum velocity did not exceed 0.30 m s^(-1)or that the wave height remained below 30 mm.The relationship between the maximum velocity and wave height of the steel-slag interface was established by analyzing different casting speeds.Slag entrapment occurred when the maximum velocity exceeded the critical value.The critical velocity for shear slag entrapment was 0.485 m s^(-1),while for vortex slag entrapment,it was when the velocity of the swirl center reached 0.235 m s^(-1).Electromagnetic braking proved effective in controlling flow in the mold,reducing fluctuations in the steel-slag interface,preventing slag entrapment,and maintaining the position of the interface.Furthermore,it facilitated the control of the uniformity and stability of slag movement along the outer wall of the submerged entry nozzle and the copper wall of the mold.展开更多
Chronic abdominal wall pain is common but often misdiagnosed,frequently mistaken for visceral disease.Abdominal cutaneous nerve entrapment syndrome(ACNES)is increasingly recognized in Western medicine as a major cause...Chronic abdominal wall pain is common but often misdiagnosed,frequently mistaken for visceral disease.Abdominal cutaneous nerve entrapment syndrome(ACNES)is increasingly recognized in Western medicine as a major cause,typically managed with diagnostic nerve blocks and,in refractory cases,surgical neurectomy.In traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),this condition aligns with“collateral disorder”(Luo Bing),in which pathogenic obstruction of superficial collaterals produces localized pain that is neither strictly external nor internal.This review examines conceptual parallels between ACNES and TCM,emphasizing theoretical foundations,modern innovations in minimally invasive acupuncture,and the potential for interdisciplinary integration.Western research on ACNES pathogenesis,diagnosis,and treatment is discussed alongside TCM classical sources and contemporary studies on Pizhen(a flat-head acupuncture needle)therapy.Western medicine provides diagnostic precision through imaging and nerve blocks but offers limited long-term solutions beyond invasive surgery.By contrast,TCM acupuncture,particularly Pizhen therapy,delivers a micro-invasive,precise,and systemic approach to fascial decompression and nerve release.Biomechanical studies indicate that it can relieve high-tension points,restore microcirculation,and regulate neuromuscular activity.Clinical practice highlights the importance of accurate localization of entrapment sites,pattern differentiation,and holistic regulation.Interdisciplinary integration combines the diagnostic strengths of Western medicine with the therapeutic versatility of TCM,reducing misdiagnosis,improving outcomes,and minimizing invasiveness.ACNES remains a treatable but under-recognized source of abdominal pain.Integrating minimally invasive TCM needle techniques with Western diagnostic methods offers a promising pathway toward precision and holistic care.Future priorities include standardizing protocols,conducting rigorous clinical trials,strengthening multidisciplinary collaboration,and enhancing public awareness.Such approaches hold strong potential to improve outcomes and quality of life for patients with chronic abdominal wall pain.展开更多
Financial crisis is an unfortunate reality that overshadows any financial system regardless its profitability and the level it functions. The appearance of crises across financial markets, especially during the 1990s ...Financial crisis is an unfortunate reality that overshadows any financial system regardless its profitability and the level it functions. The appearance of crises across financial markets, especially during the 1990s that the internationalized markets adopted a rather approachable character, imposed severe costs in financial and social systems. With this paper is proposed the generation of a future interval of time that is vulnerable to enclose the burst of a financial crisis. A time series consisted of approximations of the local Lipschitz constant is examined and in the proposed forecasting approach this constant holds the crisis indicator role. Further the application of two different optimization techniques over the Lipschitz-made time series results to the generation of a future period of time;this interval is likely to envelop the burst of a forthcoming crisis. The usage of a future interval of time empowers the predicting ability of the methodology by providing warning signs priory to the actual crisis burst. To this direction, the obtained results offer strong evidence that the method may be characterized as an Early Warning System (EWS) for financial crisis prediction.展开更多
This report studied on pharmaceutical characteristics of the stealth liposome containing dau-norubicin (DNR). The shape, size, entrapment efficiency and stability of the daunorubicin stealth liposomes (DNRSL) were exa...This report studied on pharmaceutical characteristics of the stealth liposome containing dau-norubicin (DNR). The shape, size, entrapment efficiency and stability of the daunorubicin stealth liposomes (DNRSL) were examined. Visible spectrophotometry and the HPLC method were established for determination of the DNR in the DNRSL. The release of DNR from DNRSL in HBS (pH 7.5) and rat serum at 37 oC were examined. The results showed that the DNRSL had high entrapment efficiency (>85%), small size and slow release.展开更多
This study proposes a method for uniformly revolving swarm robots to entrap multiple targets,which is based on a gene regulatory network,an adaptive decision mechanism,and an improved Vicsek-model.Using the gene regul...This study proposes a method for uniformly revolving swarm robots to entrap multiple targets,which is based on a gene regulatory network,an adaptive decision mechanism,and an improved Vicsek-model.Using the gene regulatory network method,the robots can generate entrapping patterns according to the environmental input,including the positions of the targets and obstacles.Next,an adaptive decision mechanism is proposed,allowing each robot to choose the most well-adapted capture point on the pattern,based on its environment.The robots employ an improved Vicsek-model to maneuver to the planned capture point smoothly,without colliding with other robots or obstacles.The proposed decision mechanism,combined with the improved Vicsek-model,can form a uniform entrapment shape and create a revolving effect around targets while entrapping them.This study also enables swarm robots,with an adaptive pattern formation,to entrap multiple targets in complex environments.Swarm robots can be deployed in the military field of unmanned aerial vehicles’(UAVs)entrapping multiple targets.Simulation experiments demonstrate the feasibility and superiority of the proposed gene regulatory network method.展开更多
A simple HPLC method was established for the determination of entrapment efficiency of a new 5-FPE liposome formulation. Chromatographic separation was performed on a Kromasil 100 A C18 column （350 mm×4.6 mm, 5 ...A simple HPLC method was established for the determination of entrapment efficiency of a new 5-FPE liposome formulation. Chromatographic separation was performed on a Kromasil 100 A C18 column （350 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm）. The mobile phase was consisted of methanol-water （58：42, v/v）. The flow rate of mobile phase was set at 0.8 mL/min. The UV detection wavelength was 271 nm, and the column temperature was 30 ℃. The linear range of 5-FPE was from 0.8-12.8 μg/mL, r = 0.9999. The RSD of intm-day and inter-day precision were less than 2.97%. The average recovery was from 96.8%-104.6% with RSD less than 2.24%. The method was simple, rapid, accurate, and sensitive. It is suitable for the determination of entrapment efficiency of the 5-FPE liposome formulation.展开更多
Element parameters including volume filled ratio,surface dimensionless distance,and surface filled ratio for DFDM(direct finite difference method)were proposed to describe shape and location of free surfaces in castin...Element parameters including volume filled ratio,surface dimensionless distance,and surface filled ratio for DFDM(direct finite difference method)were proposed to describe shape and location of free surfaces in casting mold filling processes.A mathematical model of the filling process was proposed specially considering the mass,momentum and heat transfer in the vicinity of free surfaces.Furthermore,a method for gas entrapment was established by tracking flow of entrapped gas.The model and method were applied to practical ADC1 high pressure die castings.The gas entrapment prediction was compared with the fraction and maximum size of porosities in the different casting parts.The comparison shows validity of the proposed model and method.The study indicates that final porosities in high pressure die castings are dependent on both gas entrapment during mold filling process and pressure transfer within solidification period.展开更多
Neuropathy is a common complication of diabetes mellitus(DM) with a wide clinical spectrum that encompasses generalized to focal and multifocal forms. Entrapment neuropathies(EN), which are focal forms, are so frequen...Neuropathy is a common complication of diabetes mellitus(DM) with a wide clinical spectrum that encompasses generalized to focal and multifocal forms. Entrapment neuropathies(EN), which are focal forms, are so frequent at any stage of the diabetic disease, that they may be considered a neurophysiological hallmarkof peripheral nerve involvement in DM. Indeed, EN may be the earliest neurophysiological abnormalities in DM,particularly in the upper limbs, even in the absence of a generalized polyneuropathy, or it may be superimposed on a generalized diabetic neuropathy. This remarkable frequency of EN in diabetes is underlain by a peculiar pathophysiological background. Due to the metabolic alterations consequent to abnormal glucose metabolism,the peripheral nerves show both functional impairment and structural changes, even in the preclinical stage,making them more prone to entrapment in anatomically constrained channels. This review discusses the most common and relevant EN encountered in diabetic patient in their epidemiological, pathophysiological and diagnostic features.展开更多
The fluid flow and the interfacial phenomenon of slag and metal in tundish with gas blowing were studied with mathematical and physical modeling, and the effects of gas flowrate, the placement of porous beam for the g...The fluid flow and the interfacial phenomenon of slag and metal in tundish with gas blowing were studied with mathematical and physical modeling, and the effects of gas flowrate, the placement of porous beam for the generation of bubbles, and the combination of flow control devices on the flow and slag-metal interface were investigated. The results show that the position of gas bubbling has a significant effect on the flow in tundish, and the placement of porous beam and gas flowrate are the two main factors affecting the entrapment of slag in tundish. The closer the porous beam to the weir, the more reasonable is the flow, which is in favor of the control of slag entrapment in tundish.展开更多
Denitrification losses measured by direct method (measuring the evolution of (N2+N2O)-15N) were compared with the apparent denitrification losses (calculated from the difference between the total N loss and ammonia lo...Denitrification losses measured by direct method (measuring the evolution of (N2+N2O)-15N) were compared with the apparent denitrification losses (calculated from the difference between the total N loss and ammonia loss), for fertilizers applied to flooded soils. The direct measured denitrification losses from potassium nitrate were 23.0%, 40.0%, and 63.1-79.7% of applied N in rice field, and in incubations of 7 cm deep layer of soil and 2 cm deep layer of soil, respectively; while the corresponding apparent denitrification losses were 96.0%, 98.4%, and 97.7-97.9%, respectively. In field experiments with urea, the direct measured denitrification losses ranged from 0.1-1.8%, which were much less than the apparent denitrification losses (41.3-45.7%). Such discrepancies were primarily due to the entrapment of the gaseous products of denitrification in the soil as revealed by the facts: (1) stirring the floodwater and the surface soil markedly increased the fluxes of (N2+N2O)-15N from urea or potassium nitrate applied to the flooded rice field, and (2) reducing the pressure in the headspace of the incubation bottle with the 7 cm soil layer during gas sampling decreased the discrepancy between the direct measured and apparent denitrifecation losses from 58.4% to 21.2%. The advantage of reducing the pressure in the headspace is that there is minimal disturbance of the soil. Further testing of this technique in rice field is needed to determine its effectiveness in releasing the entrapped gaseous products of denitrification so that denitrification losses can be quantified directly.展开更多
An oil flow obtained from the Middle Ordovician Fengfeng Formation carbonate reservoir in the well KG-3, Kongxi burial-hill zone in 1993 marked a breakthrough in petroleum exploration of the high-mature Lower Palaeozo...An oil flow obtained from the Middle Ordovician Fengfeng Formation carbonate reservoir in the well KG-3, Kongxi burial-hill zone in 1993 marked a breakthrough in petroleum exploration of the high-mature Lower Palaeozoic strata, North China. Both the Lower member of the Fengfeng Formation and the Second Member of the Upper Majiagou Formation in the Middle Ordovician are supposed to be the main source beds. Oil generation peaks range from 1.0% to 1.6% in Ro, showing a “lag effect” of oil generation in high-mature carbonate source rocks under multicyclic tectonic movement conditions. The Kongxi burial-hill zone adjoins a potential Ordovician source kitchen. The KG-3 Ordovician burial-hill reservoir has undergone two oil filling events, i.e., an early event in the Late Carboniferous-Permian and a more significant late event in the early Eogene.展开更多
AIM: To investigate diffusion in mammalian cell culture by gel entrapment within hollow fibers. METHODS: Freshly isolated rat hepatocytes or human oral epidermoid carcinoma (KB) cells were entrapped in type I collagen...AIM: To investigate diffusion in mammalian cell culture by gel entrapment within hollow fibers. METHODS: Freshly isolated rat hepatocytes or human oral epidermoid carcinoma (KB) cells were entrapped in type I collagen solutions and statically cultured inside microporous and ultrafiltration hollow fibers. During the culture time collagen gel contraction, cell viability and specific function were assessed. Effective diffusion coefficients of glucose in cell-matrix gels were determined by lag time analysis in a diffusion cell. RESULTS: Significant gel contractions occurred in the collagen gels by entrapment of either viable hepatocytes or KB cells. And the gel contraction caused a significant reduction on effective diffusion coefficient of glucose. The cell viability assay of both hepatocytes and KB cells statically cultured in hollow fibers by collagen entrapment further confirmed the existence of the inhibited mass transfer by diffusion. Urea was secreted about 50% more by hepatocytes entrapped in hollow fibers with pore size of 0.1 μm than that in hollow fibers with MWCO of 100 ku. CONCLUSION: Cell-matrix gel and membrane pore size are the two factors relevant to the limited mass transfer by diffusion in such gel entrapment of mammalian cell culture.展开更多
AIM To investigate the causes of the recurrent carpal tunnel syndrome(CTS)and implemented surgical interventions.METHODS Four hundred and eighty-seven patients,who were diagnosed with CTS and underwent surgical interv...AIM To investigate the causes of the recurrent carpal tunnel syndrome(CTS)and implemented surgical interventions.METHODS Four hundred and eighty-seven patients,who were diagnosed with CTS and underwent surgical intervention between October 2016 and September 2007,were evaluated in this retrospective study.The age,gender,physical evaluation findings,electrophysiological examination reports and implemented surgical treatment methods were analyzed.RESULTS Thirty-nine of the cases were operated due to recurrent CTS.Further examination of the patients with recurrent CTS revealed that ten cases had diabetic polyneuropathy,three cases had hypothyroidism,two cases had rheumatoid arthritis and one case had systemic amyloidosis.Postoperative electromyography confirmed the neuropathy was due to systemic diseases.The remaining 23 patients with recurrent CTS did not have any systemic disease and all of them had applied previously to another health center.CONCLUSION We concluded that the recurrence rates in CTS might be decreased with exploration and incision of the entire transverse ligament.Damage to the motor and sensory branches of the median nerve could be avoided with an incision on the ulnar side.展开更多
Utilizing ANSYS CFX commercial software and volume fraction of fluid （VOF） model, fluctuation behav- ior of steel/slag interface was numerically simulated in continuous casting mold with static magnetic field, and t...Utilizing ANSYS CFX commercial software and volume fraction of fluid （VOF） model, fluctuation behav- ior of steel/slag interface was numerically simulated in continuous casting mold with static magnetic field, and the influence of metal jet characteristics on the behavior of steel/slag interface was investigated. The results indicated that the behavior of steel/slag interface is similar at different process parameters, which is closely related to the characteristic of the flow field. The steel/slag interface has an obvious trough characteristic, which can be divided in- to three zones： frontal valley zone, back valley zone and horizontal zone~ as the magnetic flux density increases, the fluctuation of liquid level increases firstly and then decreases, and a reasonable magnetic flux density can make steel/ slag interface obtain a relatively flat interface, which can prevent slag from being entrapped into liquid steel. For a thin slab continuous casting process, when the casting speed is 4 m/min, a reasonable magnetic flux density is about 0.5 T, and the interfacial fluctuation is weaker. No matter the position of magnetic field is horizontal or vertical, for different operating parameters, there is a corresponding reasonable magnetic field position where the steel/slag inter- face fluctuation can be properly controlled and slag entrapment can be prevented.展开更多
The nutcracker phenomenon [left renal vein(LRV) entrapment syndrome] refers to compression of the LRV most commonly between abdominal aorta and superior mesenteric artery.Term of nutcracker syndrome(NCS) is used for p...The nutcracker phenomenon [left renal vein(LRV) entrapment syndrome] refers to compression of the LRV most commonly between abdominal aorta and superior mesenteric artery.Term of nutcracker syndrome(NCS) is used for patients with clinical symptoms associated with nutcracker anatomy.LRV entrapment divided into 2 types:anterior and posterior.Posterior and right-sided NCSs are rare conditions.The symptoms vary from asymptomatic hematuria to severe pelvic congestion.Symptoms include hematuria,orthostatic proteinuria,flank pain,abdominal pain,varicocele,dyspareunia,dysmenorrhea,fatigue and orthostatic intolerance.Existence of the clinical features constitutes a basis for the diagnosis.Several imaging methods such as Doppler ultrasonography,computed tomography angiography,magnetic resonance angiography and retrograde venography are used to diagnose NCS.The management of NCS depends upon the clinical presentation and the severity of the LRV hypertension.The treatment options are ranged from surveillance to nephrectomy.Treatment decision should be based on the severity of symptoms and their expected reversibility with regard to patient's age and the stage of the syndrome.展开更多
Emulsion electrospinning as a novel process in spinning core-sheath fibers shows a promising potential in drug release control. The volume ratio of water phase to oily phase is one of the critical parameters in formin...Emulsion electrospinning as a novel process in spinning core-sheath fibers shows a promising potential in drug release control. The volume ratio of water phase to oily phase is one of the critical parameters in forming core-sheath fibers. In this study, water phase was presented by hydrophilic tetracycline hydrochloride and oily phase by hydrophobic poly （E-caprolactone） （PCL）. The effects of volume ratios of water phase to oily phase on fiber morphology and in vitro drug release were investigated. Scanning electron microscopy （ SEM ）, transmission electron microscopy （ TEM）, and eonfoeal laser scanning microscopy（CLSM） were used to observe the morphology, core.sheath structure of the fibers and drug loading in the fibers, respectively. Samples of three different volume ratios of water phase to oily phase, 1： 25, 1：15, and 1：10, were prepared with the same concentration of drug solution. Experiment results showed that, with an increase in the volume ratios of water phase to oily phase, the fiber diameter increased and diameter distribution scattered. The drug entrapment efficiency of the fibers reduces with the increase in volume ratios, L e. , from 73.48 % in the ratio of 1 ： 25, 62.23 % in 1 ： 15, down to 45.63 % in 1：10. In vitro release tests showed that a higher volume ratio of water phase to oily phase would lead to a lower release rate resulted from thicker fiber sheath.展开更多
文摘With the support by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,the research team directed by Prof.Cao Xuetao(曹雪涛)at the National Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology&Department of Immunology,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences,and the National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology,Second Military Medical University,recently reported that RNA helicase DDX46is
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61922058,62025305)the Fellowship of China National Postdoctoral Program for Innovative Talents(BX2021181).
文摘In this paper,the entrapping control problem of discrete-time AUVs with local coordinate frames is studied.To achieve entrapment in arbitrarily shaped orbits and formations,we design a bearingbased leader-following framework fully in the discrete-time domain with four parts:the orientation estimation unit,estimator unit,controller unit and parameters tuning unit.With bearing measurements and communication information,the orientation estimation unit can estimate orientations of local coordinate frames infinite time,and the estimator unit can achieve local localization.Based on estimation,the controller unit can drive each AUV to track the desired orbit or formation with an arbitrary shape.We present su±cient conditions under which stability of the overall system is proved using the theorem offinite-time stability and LaSalle's theorem for the discrete-time system.Moreover,the parameters tuning unit can calculate optimal parameters to improve overall performance.Additionally,we extend our schemes to nonholonomic AUVs with unicycle models.Finally,simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52174313)the Postgraduate Innovation Fundamental of Hebei Province(Grant No.CXZZBS2023126)the High Quality Steel Continuous Casting Engineering Technology Research Center at North China University of Science and Technology,Tangshan,China.
文摘In order to examine the flow state of the steel-slag interface in a thin slab mold at high casting speed,a flexible thin slab casting mold and a novel five-hole nozzle were investigated.The maximum velocity and fluctuation height of the steel-slag interface in the mold served as the evaluation criteria.Numerical simulation techniques,including large eddy simulation and volume of fluid,were employed to develop a two-phase flow model of liquid steel and slag.This model facilitated the analysis of the fluctuation behavior of the steel-slag interface and the mechanisms of slag entrapment.The results indicated that maintaining the stability of the steel-slag interface could be achieved by ensuring that the maximum velocity did not exceed 0.30 m s^(-1)or that the wave height remained below 30 mm.The relationship between the maximum velocity and wave height of the steel-slag interface was established by analyzing different casting speeds.Slag entrapment occurred when the maximum velocity exceeded the critical value.The critical velocity for shear slag entrapment was 0.485 m s^(-1),while for vortex slag entrapment,it was when the velocity of the swirl center reached 0.235 m s^(-1).Electromagnetic braking proved effective in controlling flow in the mold,reducing fluctuations in the steel-slag interface,preventing slag entrapment,and maintaining the position of the interface.Furthermore,it facilitated the control of the uniformity and stability of slag movement along the outer wall of the submerged entry nozzle and the copper wall of the mold.
文摘Chronic abdominal wall pain is common but often misdiagnosed,frequently mistaken for visceral disease.Abdominal cutaneous nerve entrapment syndrome(ACNES)is increasingly recognized in Western medicine as a major cause,typically managed with diagnostic nerve blocks and,in refractory cases,surgical neurectomy.In traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),this condition aligns with“collateral disorder”(Luo Bing),in which pathogenic obstruction of superficial collaterals produces localized pain that is neither strictly external nor internal.This review examines conceptual parallels between ACNES and TCM,emphasizing theoretical foundations,modern innovations in minimally invasive acupuncture,and the potential for interdisciplinary integration.Western research on ACNES pathogenesis,diagnosis,and treatment is discussed alongside TCM classical sources and contemporary studies on Pizhen(a flat-head acupuncture needle)therapy.Western medicine provides diagnostic precision through imaging and nerve blocks but offers limited long-term solutions beyond invasive surgery.By contrast,TCM acupuncture,particularly Pizhen therapy,delivers a micro-invasive,precise,and systemic approach to fascial decompression and nerve release.Biomechanical studies indicate that it can relieve high-tension points,restore microcirculation,and regulate neuromuscular activity.Clinical practice highlights the importance of accurate localization of entrapment sites,pattern differentiation,and holistic regulation.Interdisciplinary integration combines the diagnostic strengths of Western medicine with the therapeutic versatility of TCM,reducing misdiagnosis,improving outcomes,and minimizing invasiveness.ACNES remains a treatable but under-recognized source of abdominal pain.Integrating minimally invasive TCM needle techniques with Western diagnostic methods offers a promising pathway toward precision and holistic care.Future priorities include standardizing protocols,conducting rigorous clinical trials,strengthening multidisciplinary collaboration,and enhancing public awareness.Such approaches hold strong potential to improve outcomes and quality of life for patients with chronic abdominal wall pain.
文摘Financial crisis is an unfortunate reality that overshadows any financial system regardless its profitability and the level it functions. The appearance of crises across financial markets, especially during the 1990s that the internationalized markets adopted a rather approachable character, imposed severe costs in financial and social systems. With this paper is proposed the generation of a future interval of time that is vulnerable to enclose the burst of a financial crisis. A time series consisted of approximations of the local Lipschitz constant is examined and in the proposed forecasting approach this constant holds the crisis indicator role. Further the application of two different optimization techniques over the Lipschitz-made time series results to the generation of a future period of time;this interval is likely to envelop the burst of a forthcoming crisis. The usage of a future interval of time empowers the predicting ability of the methodology by providing warning signs priory to the actual crisis burst. To this direction, the obtained results offer strong evidence that the method may be characterized as an Early Warning System (EWS) for financial crisis prediction.
文摘This report studied on pharmaceutical characteristics of the stealth liposome containing dau-norubicin (DNR). The shape, size, entrapment efficiency and stability of the daunorubicin stealth liposomes (DNRSL) were examined. Visible spectrophotometry and the HPLC method were established for determination of the DNR in the DNRSL. The release of DNR from DNRSL in HBS (pH 7.5) and rat serum at 37 oC were examined. The results showed that the DNRSL had high entrapment efficiency (>85%), small size and slow release.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62176147)the Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province of China,the State Key Lab of Digital Manufacturing Equipment and Technology(DMETKF2019020)the National Defense Technology Innovation Special Zone Project(193-A14-226-01-01)。
文摘This study proposes a method for uniformly revolving swarm robots to entrap multiple targets,which is based on a gene regulatory network,an adaptive decision mechanism,and an improved Vicsek-model.Using the gene regulatory network method,the robots can generate entrapping patterns according to the environmental input,including the positions of the targets and obstacles.Next,an adaptive decision mechanism is proposed,allowing each robot to choose the most well-adapted capture point on the pattern,based on its environment.The robots employ an improved Vicsek-model to maneuver to the planned capture point smoothly,without colliding with other robots or obstacles.The proposed decision mechanism,combined with the improved Vicsek-model,can form a uniform entrapment shape and create a revolving effect around targets while entrapping them.This study also enables swarm robots,with an adaptive pattern formation,to entrap multiple targets in complex environments.Swarm robots can be deployed in the military field of unmanned aerial vehicles’(UAVs)entrapping multiple targets.Simulation experiments demonstrate the feasibility and superiority of the proposed gene regulatory network method.
基金Natural Science Foundation of Gansu Provence (Grant No. 0803RJZA079)Foundation of Herb Medicin Research of Gansu Provence (Grant No. GZK-2009-1)
文摘A simple HPLC method was established for the determination of entrapment efficiency of a new 5-FPE liposome formulation. Chromatographic separation was performed on a Kromasil 100 A C18 column （350 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm）. The mobile phase was consisted of methanol-water （58：42, v/v）. The flow rate of mobile phase was set at 0.8 mL/min. The UV detection wavelength was 271 nm, and the column temperature was 30 ℃. The linear range of 5-FPE was from 0.8-12.8 μg/mL, r = 0.9999. The RSD of intm-day and inter-day precision were less than 2.97%. The average recovery was from 96.8%-104.6% with RSD less than 2.24%. The method was simple, rapid, accurate, and sensitive. It is suitable for the determination of entrapment efficiency of the 5-FPE liposome formulation.
基金Project(50975093)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(08-0209)supported by New Century Excellent Talent in University,Ministry of Education,ChinaProject(2009ZM0283)supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China
文摘Element parameters including volume filled ratio,surface dimensionless distance,and surface filled ratio for DFDM(direct finite difference method)were proposed to describe shape and location of free surfaces in casting mold filling processes.A mathematical model of the filling process was proposed specially considering the mass,momentum and heat transfer in the vicinity of free surfaces.Furthermore,a method for gas entrapment was established by tracking flow of entrapped gas.The model and method were applied to practical ADC1 high pressure die castings.The gas entrapment prediction was compared with the fraction and maximum size of porosities in the different casting parts.The comparison shows validity of the proposed model and method.The study indicates that final porosities in high pressure die castings are dependent on both gas entrapment during mold filling process and pressure transfer within solidification period.
文摘Neuropathy is a common complication of diabetes mellitus(DM) with a wide clinical spectrum that encompasses generalized to focal and multifocal forms. Entrapment neuropathies(EN), which are focal forms, are so frequent at any stage of the diabetic disease, that they may be considered a neurophysiological hallmarkof peripheral nerve involvement in DM. Indeed, EN may be the earliest neurophysiological abnormalities in DM,particularly in the upper limbs, even in the absence of a generalized polyneuropathy, or it may be superimposed on a generalized diabetic neuropathy. This remarkable frequency of EN in diabetes is underlain by a peculiar pathophysiological background. Due to the metabolic alterations consequent to abnormal glucose metabolism,the peripheral nerves show both functional impairment and structural changes, even in the preclinical stage,making them more prone to entrapment in anatomically constrained channels. This review discusses the most common and relevant EN encountered in diabetic patient in their epidemiological, pathophysiological and diagnostic features.
基金Item Sponsored by National Natural Science Foundation of China (50674020)Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University (NCET-04-0285)
文摘The fluid flow and the interfacial phenomenon of slag and metal in tundish with gas blowing were studied with mathematical and physical modeling, and the effects of gas flowrate, the placement of porous beam for the generation of bubbles, and the combination of flow control devices on the flow and slag-metal interface were investigated. The results show that the position of gas bubbling has a significant effect on the flow in tundish, and the placement of porous beam and gas flowrate are the two main factors affecting the entrapment of slag in tundish. The closer the porous beam to the weir, the more reasonable is the flow, which is in favor of the control of slag entrapment in tundish.
文摘Denitrification losses measured by direct method (measuring the evolution of (N2+N2O)-15N) were compared with the apparent denitrification losses (calculated from the difference between the total N loss and ammonia loss), for fertilizers applied to flooded soils. The direct measured denitrification losses from potassium nitrate were 23.0%, 40.0%, and 63.1-79.7% of applied N in rice field, and in incubations of 7 cm deep layer of soil and 2 cm deep layer of soil, respectively; while the corresponding apparent denitrification losses were 96.0%, 98.4%, and 97.7-97.9%, respectively. In field experiments with urea, the direct measured denitrification losses ranged from 0.1-1.8%, which were much less than the apparent denitrification losses (41.3-45.7%). Such discrepancies were primarily due to the entrapment of the gaseous products of denitrification in the soil as revealed by the facts: (1) stirring the floodwater and the surface soil markedly increased the fluxes of (N2+N2O)-15N from urea or potassium nitrate applied to the flooded rice field, and (2) reducing the pressure in the headspace of the incubation bottle with the 7 cm soil layer during gas sampling decreased the discrepancy between the direct measured and apparent denitrifecation losses from 58.4% to 21.2%. The advantage of reducing the pressure in the headspace is that there is minimal disturbance of the soil. Further testing of this technique in rice field is needed to determine its effectiveness in releasing the entrapped gaseous products of denitrification so that denitrification losses can be quantified directly.
文摘An oil flow obtained from the Middle Ordovician Fengfeng Formation carbonate reservoir in the well KG-3, Kongxi burial-hill zone in 1993 marked a breakthrough in petroleum exploration of the high-mature Lower Palaeozoic strata, North China. Both the Lower member of the Fengfeng Formation and the Second Member of the Upper Majiagou Formation in the Middle Ordovician are supposed to be the main source beds. Oil generation peaks range from 1.0% to 1.6% in Ro, showing a “lag effect” of oil generation in high-mature carbonate source rocks under multicyclic tectonic movement conditions. The Kongxi burial-hill zone adjoins a potential Ordovician source kitchen. The KG-3 Ordovician burial-hill reservoir has undergone two oil filling events, i.e., an early event in the Late Carboniferous-Permian and a more significant late event in the early Eogene.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.90209053Zhejiang Scientific Project, No. 2003C31042
文摘AIM: To investigate diffusion in mammalian cell culture by gel entrapment within hollow fibers. METHODS: Freshly isolated rat hepatocytes or human oral epidermoid carcinoma (KB) cells were entrapped in type I collagen solutions and statically cultured inside microporous and ultrafiltration hollow fibers. During the culture time collagen gel contraction, cell viability and specific function were assessed. Effective diffusion coefficients of glucose in cell-matrix gels were determined by lag time analysis in a diffusion cell. RESULTS: Significant gel contractions occurred in the collagen gels by entrapment of either viable hepatocytes or KB cells. And the gel contraction caused a significant reduction on effective diffusion coefficient of glucose. The cell viability assay of both hepatocytes and KB cells statically cultured in hollow fibers by collagen entrapment further confirmed the existence of the inhibited mass transfer by diffusion. Urea was secreted about 50% more by hepatocytes entrapped in hollow fibers with pore size of 0.1 μm than that in hollow fibers with MWCO of 100 ku. CONCLUSION: Cell-matrix gel and membrane pore size are the two factors relevant to the limited mass transfer by diffusion in such gel entrapment of mammalian cell culture.
文摘AIM To investigate the causes of the recurrent carpal tunnel syndrome(CTS)and implemented surgical interventions.METHODS Four hundred and eighty-seven patients,who were diagnosed with CTS and underwent surgical intervention between October 2016 and September 2007,were evaluated in this retrospective study.The age,gender,physical evaluation findings,electrophysiological examination reports and implemented surgical treatment methods were analyzed.RESULTS Thirty-nine of the cases were operated due to recurrent CTS.Further examination of the patients with recurrent CTS revealed that ten cases had diabetic polyneuropathy,three cases had hypothyroidism,two cases had rheumatoid arthritis and one case had systemic amyloidosis.Postoperative electromyography confirmed the neuropathy was due to systemic diseases.The remaining 23 patients with recurrent CTS did not have any systemic disease and all of them had applied previously to another health center.CONCLUSION We concluded that the recurrence rates in CTS might be decreased with exploration and incision of the entire transverse ligament.Damage to the motor and sensory branches of the median nerve could be avoided with an incision on the ulnar side.
基金Item Sponsored by National Natural Science Foundation of China(50604005,50834009)Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province of China(20102074)+2 种基金Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China(N100409005)Key Grant Project of Chinese Ministry of Education(311014)"111" Project of China(B07015)
文摘Utilizing ANSYS CFX commercial software and volume fraction of fluid （VOF） model, fluctuation behav- ior of steel/slag interface was numerically simulated in continuous casting mold with static magnetic field, and the influence of metal jet characteristics on the behavior of steel/slag interface was investigated. The results indicated that the behavior of steel/slag interface is similar at different process parameters, which is closely related to the characteristic of the flow field. The steel/slag interface has an obvious trough characteristic, which can be divided in- to three zones： frontal valley zone, back valley zone and horizontal zone~ as the magnetic flux density increases, the fluctuation of liquid level increases firstly and then decreases, and a reasonable magnetic flux density can make steel/ slag interface obtain a relatively flat interface, which can prevent slag from being entrapped into liquid steel. For a thin slab continuous casting process, when the casting speed is 4 m/min, a reasonable magnetic flux density is about 0.5 T, and the interfacial fluctuation is weaker. No matter the position of magnetic field is horizontal or vertical, for different operating parameters, there is a corresponding reasonable magnetic field position where the steel/slag inter- face fluctuation can be properly controlled and slag entrapment can be prevented.
文摘The nutcracker phenomenon [left renal vein(LRV) entrapment syndrome] refers to compression of the LRV most commonly between abdominal aorta and superior mesenteric artery.Term of nutcracker syndrome(NCS) is used for patients with clinical symptoms associated with nutcracker anatomy.LRV entrapment divided into 2 types:anterior and posterior.Posterior and right-sided NCSs are rare conditions.The symptoms vary from asymptomatic hematuria to severe pelvic congestion.Symptoms include hematuria,orthostatic proteinuria,flank pain,abdominal pain,varicocele,dyspareunia,dysmenorrhea,fatigue and orthostatic intolerance.Existence of the clinical features constitutes a basis for the diagnosis.Several imaging methods such as Doppler ultrasonography,computed tomography angiography,magnetic resonance angiography and retrograde venography are used to diagnose NCS.The management of NCS depends upon the clinical presentation and the severity of the LRV hypertension.The treatment options are ranged from surveillance to nephrectomy.Treatment decision should be based on the severity of symptoms and their expected reversibility with regard to patient's age and the stage of the syndrome.
基金"111 Project" Biomedical Textile Materials Science and Technology,China
文摘Emulsion electrospinning as a novel process in spinning core-sheath fibers shows a promising potential in drug release control. The volume ratio of water phase to oily phase is one of the critical parameters in forming core-sheath fibers. In this study, water phase was presented by hydrophilic tetracycline hydrochloride and oily phase by hydrophobic poly （E-caprolactone） （PCL）. The effects of volume ratios of water phase to oily phase on fiber morphology and in vitro drug release were investigated. Scanning electron microscopy （ SEM ）, transmission electron microscopy （ TEM）, and eonfoeal laser scanning microscopy（CLSM） were used to observe the morphology, core.sheath structure of the fibers and drug loading in the fibers, respectively. Samples of three different volume ratios of water phase to oily phase, 1： 25, 1：15, and 1：10, were prepared with the same concentration of drug solution. Experiment results showed that, with an increase in the volume ratios of water phase to oily phase, the fiber diameter increased and diameter distribution scattered. The drug entrapment efficiency of the fibers reduces with the increase in volume ratios, L e. , from 73.48 % in the ratio of 1 ： 25, 62.23 % in 1 ： 15, down to 45.63 % in 1：10. In vitro release tests showed that a higher volume ratio of water phase to oily phase would lead to a lower release rate resulted from thicker fiber sheath.
