Objective:To analyze the efficacy of Bifidobacterium triple viable bacteria tablets on neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis(NEC)and its impact on serum factors of the patients.Methods:From January 2021 to May 2025,88 ne...Objective:To analyze the efficacy of Bifidobacterium triple viable bacteria tablets on neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis(NEC)and its impact on serum factors of the patients.Methods:From January 2021 to May 2025,88 neonates with NEC admitted to our hospital were selected as study subjects.During the study,these 88 patients were evenly divided into two groups,namely the observation group and the control group,with 44 patients in each group based on the random number table method.In terms of treatment,the control group was treated with meropenem,while the observation group received additional treatment with Bifidobacterium triple viable bacteria powder based on the treatment plan of the control group.The clinical efficacy and differences in serum inflammatory factor levels between the two groups were compared.Results:The efficacy of the observation group(90.91%)was better than that of the control group(72.73%)(P<0.05).After treatment,the levels of C-reactive protein(CRP)and procalcitonin(PCT)in both groups decreased compared to those before treatment,and the values of the above indicators in the observation group were lower than those in the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion:Based on conventional treatment for NEC neonates,the use of Bifidobacterium triple viable bacteria tablets has significant efficacy and can effectively reduce serum inflammatory factor levels.展开更多
BACKGROUND Necrotizing enterocolitis(NEC)remains a prominent gastrointestinal emergency among infants,particularly term infants with congenital heart defects(CHD)being at high risk.The molecular processes that contrib...BACKGROUND Necrotizing enterocolitis(NEC)remains a prominent gastrointestinal emergency among infants,particularly term infants with congenital heart defects(CHD)being at high risk.The molecular processes that contribute to NEC have yet to be completely understood.The high mortality rates necessitate an active search for noninvasive biomarkers that can aid in the preclinical diagnosis and prognosis of NEC.MicroRNAs(miRs),which are involved in many biological processes in both health and disease,have been discovered to play an important role in regulating inflammation and immune responses via various signaling pathways.AIM To determine the plasma levels of miR-155,miR-221,miR-223,miR-320a,miR-451a as potential NEC biomarkers in term newborns with CHD.METHODS This prospective cohort study included twenty-tree term newborns with CHD who underwent cardiac surgery on the median day of life(DOL)=7.Nine of them developed NEC(Bell’s stage IIA and IIIA)within 1 week of cardiac surgery(NEC newborns).Blood samples were collected before(median DOL=5)and following(median DOL=13)cardiac surgery.Levels of plasma miR-155-5p,miR-221-3p,miR-223-3p,miR-320a-3p,and miR-451a were determined using real-time polymerase chain reaction.The functional analysis was executed using the DIANA-miRPath v4.0.RESULTS Preoperatively,NEC newborns had significantly lower plasma levels of miR-155(2.70-fold,P=0.020),miR-223(2.42-fold,P=0.030),and miR-320a(3.62-fold,P=0.006)than newborns without NEC.Postoperatively,miR-451a levels differed significantly between the newborn groups,showing a 4.70-fold decrease(P=0.014)in expression when clinical NEC symptoms appeared.According to receiver operating characteristic analysis,miR-320a was found to be the most effective predictive biomarker for NEC[area under the curve(AUC)=0.835,63%sensitivity,100%specificity],while miR-451a was identified as a NEC biomarker(AUC=0.835,85.7%sensitivity,76.9%specificity).Preoperatively,miR-155-5p,miR-223-3p,and miR-320a-3p were differentially expressed and targeted the forkhead box O and Hippo pathways(P<0.01).CONCLUSION Our study demonstrates,for the first time,that plasma miR-320a-3p levels can be used as a preclinical biomarker for NEC in term newborns with CHD.展开更多
BACKGROUND Necrotizing enterocolitis(NEC)is a severe gastrointestinal disease that affects premature infants.Although mounting evidence supports the therapeutic effect of exosomes on NEC,the underlying mechanisms rema...BACKGROUND Necrotizing enterocolitis(NEC)is a severe gastrointestinal disease that affects premature infants.Although mounting evidence supports the therapeutic effect of exosomes on NEC,the underlying mechanisms remain unclear.AIM To investigate the mechanisms underlying the regulation of inflammatory response and intestinal barrier function by umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell(UCMSCs)exosomes,as well as their potential in alleviating NEC in neonatal mice.METHODS NEC was induced in 5-d-old C57BL/6 pups through hypoxia and gavage feeding of formula containing lipopolysaccharide(LPS),after which the mice received human UCMSC exosomes(hUCMSC-exos).The control mice were allowed to breastfeed with their dams.Ileal tissues were collected from the mice and analyzed by histopathology and immunoblotting.Colon tissues were collected from NEC neonates and analyzed by immunofluorescence.Molecular biology and cell culture approaches were employed to study the related mechanisms in intestinal epithelial cells.RESULTS We found that autophagy is overactivated in intestinal epithelial cells during NEC,resulting in reduced expression of tight junction proteins and an increased inflammatory response.The ability of hUCMSC-exos to ameliorate NEC in a mouse model was dependent on decreased intestinal autophagy.We also showed that hUCMSC-exos alleviate the inflammatory response and increase migration ability in intestinal epithelial cells induced by LPS.CONCLUSION These results contribute to a better understanding of the protective mechanisms of hUCMSC-exos against NEC and provide a new theoretical and experimental foundation for NEC treatment.These findings also enhance our understanding of the role of the autophagy mechanism in NEC,offering potential avenues for identifying new therapeutic targets.展开更多
Rationale:This case highlights the rare yet critical diagnosis of hypermagnesemia in a preterm infant,who presented with symptoms mimicking necrotizing enterocolitis.It underscores the importance of considering hyperm...Rationale:This case highlights the rare yet critical diagnosis of hypermagnesemia in a preterm infant,who presented with symptoms mimicking necrotizing enterocolitis.It underscores the importance of considering hypermagnesemia as a differential diagnosis in neonatal respiratory distress and gastrointestinal symptoms,even when the cause is not immediately apparent.Patient’s Concern:An extremely low birth infant with respiratory distress further had episodes of apnoea and cyanosis.The infant eventually exhibited abdominal distension and bilious vomiting,symptoms mimicking necrotizing enterocolitis.Diagnosis:The infant’s clinical features were attributed to hypermagnesemia,despite no magnesium being administered and no apparent cause identified.Screening the apparently asymptomatic mother confirmed a serum magnesium level of 4 mg/dL,suggesting transplacental transfer as the likely cause of the neonate’s condition.Interventions:The newborn was treated supportively with adequate hydration and maintenance calcium gluconate.Outcomes:Magnesium levels decreased,and the baby showed signs of improvement.Lessons:Hypermagnesemia,though uncommon,should be investigated and considered even when the symptoms are not apparent.展开更多
Necrotizing enterocolitis(NEC)is a leading cause of death from gastrointestinal disease in premature and low-birth-weight infants.Early detection of severely ischemic or necrotic bowel before perforation is rather dif...Necrotizing enterocolitis(NEC)is a leading cause of death from gastrointestinal disease in premature and low-birth-weight infants.Early detection of severely ischemic or necrotic bowel before perforation is rather difficult.New techniques including multi-omics contribute to better understanding its underlying mechanisms and discovering differe categories of biomarkers.Combination of clinical metrics such as seven components of metabolic derangement(CMD)may provide accurate assessment of its severity.Implementation of quality improvement initiatives including breast milk feeding actually lowers its incidence.展开更多
BACKGROUND Currently,pediatric surgeons are challenged by a lack of consensus on the optimal management strategy(conservative or surgical)for children with Bell’s stage II necrotizing enterocolitis(NEC).AIM To evalua...BACKGROUND Currently,pediatric surgeons are challenged by a lack of consensus on the optimal management strategy(conservative or surgical)for children with Bell’s stage II necrotizing enterocolitis(NEC).AIM To evaluate the clinical efficacy of peritoneal drainage in very-low-birth-weight(VLBW)neonates with modified Bell’s stage II NEC.METHODS This was a retrospective analysis of 102 NEC(modified Bell’s stage II)neonates born with VLBW who were treated at the Fujian Children’s Hospital(Fujian Branch of Shanghai Children’s Medical Center)between January 2017 and January 2020;these included 24 cases in the peritoneal drainage group,36 cases in the exploratory laparotomy group,and 42 cases in the conservative treatment group.RESULTS The general characteristics were comparable in the three groups(P>0.05).Compared with conservative treatment,peritoneal drainage was associated with significantly shorter fasting time,abdominal distension relief time,fecal occult blood(OB)negative conversion time,and reduced hospital length of stay(HLOS)(P<0.05 for all).Despite some advantages of peritoneal drainage over conservative treatment in terms of cure,conversion to laparotomy,intestinal perforation,intestinal stenosis,and abdominal abscess rates,the differences were not statistically significant(P>0.05).Compared to exploratory laparotomy,the fecal OB negative conversion time was significantly shorter in the peritoneal drainage group(P<0.05);similarly,the exploratory laparotomy group showed longer fasting time,abdominal distension relief time,HLOS,and higher complication rate compared to peritoneal drainage group,but the between-group differences were not statistically significant(P>0.05).CONCLUSION Peritoneal drainage,an easy-to-operate procedure,can improve the clinical symptoms of VLBW neonates with Bell’s stage II NEC and help reduce the HLOS.展开更多
Necrotizing enterocolitis is an inflammatory bowel disease of neonates with significant morbidity and mortality in preterm infants. Due to the multifactorial nature o the disease and limitations in disease models, ear...Necrotizing enterocolitis is an inflammatory bowel disease of neonates with significant morbidity and mortality in preterm infants. Due to the multifactorial nature o the disease and limitations in disease models, early diagnosis remains challenging and the pathogenesis elusive. Although preterm birth, hypoxic-ischemic events formula feeding, and abnormal bacteria colonization are established risk factors, the role of genetics and vasoactive/inflammatory mediators is unclear Consequently, treatments do not target the specific underlying disease processes and are symptomatic and surgically invasive. Breast-feeding is the most effective preventative measure. Recent advances in the prevention of necrotizing enterocolitis have focused on bioactive nutrients and trophic factors in human milk. Developmen of new disease models including the aspect of prematurity that consistently predisposes neonates to the disease with multiple risk factors will improve our understanding of the pathogenesis and lead to discovery of innovative therapeutics.展开更多
AIM:To establish the roles of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/CD14/toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-mediated inflammation in a rat model of human necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC).METHODS: Six pairs of intestinal samples from human...AIM:To establish the roles of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/CD14/toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-mediated inflammation in a rat model of human necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC).METHODS: Six pairs of intestinal samples from human NEC were collected before and after recovery for histological and molecular analysis of inflammatory cytokines and signaling components. In the rat NEC model, we isolated 10-cm jejunum segments and divided them into six groups (n=6) for sham operation, treatment with LPS, bowel distension, combined bowel distension and LPS stimulation, and two therapeutic groups. The potential eff icacy of a recombinant CD18 peptide and a monoclonal CD14 antibody was evaluated in the latter two groups. The serum and tissue levels of several inflammatory mediators were quantified by real-time polymerase chain reaction, ELISA and immunoblotting.RESULTS: Human acute phase NEC tissues displayed significant increases (P<0.05) in levels of TLR4, CD14, myeloid differentiation protein (MD)-2, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and nuclear factor-κB when compared to those after recovery. The histological and inflammatory picture of human NEC was reproduced in rats that were treated with combined bowel distension and LPS, but not in the sham-operated and other control rats. Serum levels of interleukin-6 and TNF-α were also elevated. The NEC pathology was attenuated by treating the NEC rats with a monoclonal CD14 antibody or an LPS-neutralizing peptide.CONCLUSION:LPS and distension are required to produce the histological and inflammatory features of NEC. A potential treatment option is blocking LPS activation and leukocyte infi ltration.展开更多
Necrotizing enterocolitis(NEC) is among the most common and devastating diseases encountered in premature infants, yet the true etiology continues to be poorly understood despite decades of research. Recently, gut bac...Necrotizing enterocolitis(NEC) is among the most common and devastating diseases encountered in premature infants, yet the true etiology continues to be poorly understood despite decades of research. Recently, gut bacterial dysbiosis has been proposed as a risk factor for the development of NEC. Based on this theory, several best clinical practices designed to reduce the risk of NEC have been proposed and/or implemented. This review summarizes the results of recent clinical trials and meta-analyses that support some of the existing clinical practices for reducing the risk of NEC in premature infants. It is evident that human milk feeding can reduce the incidence of NEC. While most of the studies demonstrated that probiotic supplementation can significantly reduce the incidence of NEC in premature infants, there are still some concerns regarding the quality, safety, optimal dosage, and treatment duration of probiotic preparations. Antibiotic prophylaxis does not reduce the incidence of NEC, and prolonged initial empirical use of antibiotics might in fact increase the risk of NEC for high-risk premature infants. Lastly, standardized feeding protocols are strongly recommended, both for prevention of postnatal growth restriction and NEC.展开更多
Objective:To study the effects of prolonging small feeding volumes early in life on the incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis(NEC)in very low birth weight(VLBW)preterm infants.Methods:A total of 128 VLBW infants who ...Objective:To study the effects of prolonging small feeding volumes early in life on the incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis(NEC)in very low birth weight(VLBW)preterm infants.Methods:A total of 128 VLBW infants who could not be breastfed were assigned into the experimental group(63 cases)and the control group(65 cases)using a random number table.The experiment group was fed 12 mL/(kg·d)on day 1 which was increased to 24 mL/(kg·d)for the first 10 study days.The control group was fed 12 mL/(kg·d)for the first 14e48 hours.Then,the feeding volume increased by 24-36 mL/(kg·d)up to 140e160 mL/(kg·d)and maintained until the 10th day after birth.The incidence of feeding intolerance and NEC,duration of hospitalization,time to full enteral feedings,incidence of intrahepatic cholestasis,and the levels of gastrin and motilin in serum were assessed.Results:The incidence of feeding intolerance was significantly lower in the experimental group compared with the control group(15.87% vs.33.84%).There was a significant reduction in the incidence of NEC between the experimental and control groups(7.9% vs.16% in the control group).Conclusion:A protocol that prolongs small feeding volumes early in life can reduce the incidence and severity of NEC,but still warrants further study.展开更多
Necrotizing enterocolitis [NEC] is an inflammatory disease of intestine largely occuring in preterm infants with a wide range of damage from minimal injury limited to mucosa to extensive necrosis of bowel wall and per...Necrotizing enterocolitis [NEC] is an inflammatory disease of intestine largely occuring in preterm infants with a wide range of damage from minimal injury limited to mucosa to extensive necrosis of bowel wall and perforation. Despite advancements in neonatal care, mortality remains high [30% - 50%] and controversy still persists with regards to the most appropriate management of neonates with necrotizing enterocolitis. The main factors thought to be involved in the pathogenesis of NEC are: relatively hyper-reactive state of premature intestine, enteral feeding and bacterial colonization. In this review, we discuss current knowledge about the epidemiology, pathophysiology, imaging, medical and surgical management of necrotizing enterocolitis and describe novel strategies for prevention and treatment.展开更多
BACKGROUND Necrotizing enterocolitis(NEC)of the newborn is a frequently occurring clinical disease in infants.The mortality rate of NEC in premature infants is as high as 50%,and the morbidity rate is on the rise.NEC ...BACKGROUND Necrotizing enterocolitis(NEC)of the newborn is a frequently occurring clinical disease in infants.The mortality rate of NEC in premature infants is as high as 50%,and the morbidity rate is on the rise.NEC has already caused serious impacts on newborn survival and poses serious threats to both children and families.AIM To investigate the expression and significance of mucin 1(MUC1)and interleukin-11(IL-11)in the intestinal mucosa of infants with neonatal NEC after surgery.METHODS Forty-eight postoperative intestinal mucosal specimens from children with NEC(NEC group)and twenty-two intestinal mucosal specimens from children with congenital intestinal atresia(control group)were collected in our hospital.Immunohistochemical staining and Western blot analysis were used to examine the protein expression of MUC-1 and IL-11 in the two groups.The serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)and IL-1βin the two groups were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,and the relationship between MUC-1 and IL-11 protein expression and serum TNF-αand IL-1βlevels was analyzed by the linear correlation method.RESULTS The protein expression of MUC-1 and IL-11 in the NEC group was significantly lower than that in the control group,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).The levels of serum TNF-αand IL-1βin the NEC group were significantly higher than those in the control group(P<0.05).The protein expression of MUC-1 and IL-11 in the NEC group negatively correlated with serum TNF-αand IL-1βlevels(P<0.05).There was a significant negative correlation between the protein expression of MUC-1 and IL-11 and the levels of serum TNF-αand IL-1βin the NEC group.CONCLUSION The protein expression of MUC1 and IL-11 in the intestinal mucosa of children with NEC is significantly downregulated after surgery.This downregulation may be involved in the pathogenesis of this disease and has a certain correlation with inflammatory response factors in children with NEC.展开更多
BACKGROUND Reports of necrotizing enterocolitis(NEC)caused by umbilical arterial catheter(UAC)-associated abdominal aortic embolism in neonates are rare.Herein,we report the case of an extremely low birth weight(ELBW)...BACKGROUND Reports of necrotizing enterocolitis(NEC)caused by umbilical arterial catheter(UAC)-associated abdominal aortic embolism in neonates are rare.Herein,we report the case of an extremely low birth weight(ELBW)infant with NEC caused by UAC-associated abdominal aortic embolism.CASE SUMMARY A female infant,aged 21 min and weighing 830 g at 28+6 wk of gestational age,was referred to our hospital because of premature birth and shallow breathing.The patient was diagnosed with ELBW,neonatal respiratory distress syndrome,neonatal intrauterine infection,and neonatal asphyxia.Umbilical arterial and venous catheters were inserted on the day after birth and were removed 9 d later,according to the doctor’s plan.Within 48 h after extubation,the patient’s manifestations included poor responsiveness,heart rate range of 175-185/min,and currant jelly stool.Therefore,we considered a diagnosis of NEC.To determine the cause,we used B-mode ultrasound,which revealed a partial abdominal aortic embolism(2 cm×0.3 cm)and abdominal effusion.The patient was treated with nil per os,gastrointestinal decompression,anti-infective therapy,blood transfusion,and low-molecular-weight heparin sodium q12h for anticoagulant therapy(from May 20 to June 1,the dosage of low-molecular-weight heparin sodium was adjusted according to the anti-Xa activity during treatment).On the 67th day after admission,the patient fully recovered and was discharged.CONCLUSION The abdominal aortic thrombosis in this patient was considered to be catheter related,which requires immediate treatment once diagnosed.The choice of treatment should be determined according to the location of the thrombus and the patient’s condition.展开更多
BACKGROUND Necrotizing enterocolitis(NEC)is a multifactorial disease that predominantly affects premature neonates.Intestinal dysbiosis plays a critical role in NEC pathogenesis in premature neonates.The main risk fac...BACKGROUND Necrotizing enterocolitis(NEC)is a multifactorial disease that predominantly affects premature neonates.Intestinal dysbiosis plays a critical role in NEC pathogenesis in premature neonates.The main risk factor for NEC in term infants is mesenteric hypoperfusion associated with ductaldependent congenital heart disease(CHD)that eventually leads to intestinal ischemia.The incidence of NEC in neonates with critical CHD is 6.8%-13%.However,the role of the intestinal microbiome in NEC pathogenesis in infants with ductal-dependent CHD remains unclear.CASE SUMMARY A male term neonate with right atrial isomerism underwent modified Blalock-Taussig shunt placement on the 14^(th)day of life and had persistent mesenteric hypoperfusion after surgery.The patient had episodes of NEC stageⅡA on the 1^(st)and 28^(th)days after cardiac surgery.Fecal microbial composition was analyzed before and after cardiac surgery by sequencing region V4 of the 16S rRNA gene.Before surgery,species belonging to genera Veillonella and Clostridia and class Gammaproteobacteria were detected,Bifidobacteriaceae showed a low abundance.The first NEC episode was associated with postoperative hemodynamic instability,intestinal ischemiareperfusion injury during cardiopulmonary bypass,and a high abundance of Clostridium paraputrificum(Clostridium sensu stricto I)(56.1%).Antibacterial therapy after the first NEC episode resulted in increased abundance of Gammaproteobacteria,decreased abundance of Firmicutes,and low alpha diversity.These changes in the microbial composition promoted the growth of Clostridium sensu strictoⅠ(72.0%)before the second NEC episode.CONCLUSION A high abundance of Clostridium sensu strictoⅠand mesenteric hypoperfusion may have contributed to NEC in the present case.展开更多
Objective:To analyze the expression of sirtuin type 1 (SIRT1) signal pathway in intestinal tissues of neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), and to preliminarily explore the role of SIRT1 in the occurrence of NEC.M...Objective:To analyze the expression of sirtuin type 1 (SIRT1) signal pathway in intestinal tissues of neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), and to preliminarily explore the role of SIRT1 in the occurrence of NEC.Methods: From January 2017 to June 2017, the ileal tissues of 35 neonates with NEC underwent one-stage fistula treatment were selected as NEC group, and the ileal tissues of these 35 neonates underwent two-stage fistula treatment were selected as control group. The expression levels of SIRT1, transcription factor-nuclear factor (NF-κB), and SUMO specific protease 1 (SENP1) were detected by qRT-PCR;the expressions of SIRT1, NF-κB, and SENP1 were detected by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting (WB). Results: SIRT1 mRNA, protein positive expression rate, average optical density, and relative protein expression in intestinal tissues of children in NEC group were significantly lower than those in control group (P<0.05), however, the expression of NF-κB, the SENP1 mRNA and protein positive expression rates, the average optical density, and relative protein expression were significantly increased (P<0.05).Conclusion: SIRT1 is low expressed in intestinal tissues of children with NEC, the possible reason is that SIRT1 signaling pathway is suppressed and then NEC occurs.展开更多
Due to an increasing incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), as well as its associated mortality and long-term complications seen in surviving patients, the main focus of research in NEC has shifted to the preve...Due to an increasing incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), as well as its associated mortality and long-term complications seen in surviving patients, the main focus of research in NEC has shifted to the prevention and treatment of the disease. The hypothesis of this work is that the strain Lactobacillus salivarius LPLM-O1 can decrease the intestinal injuries in a model of induced NEC. 26 newborn Sprague-Dawley pups were used in this study and randomized in three groups: control group (n = 6), which were fed with infant formula (Similac NeosureTM, Abbott);probiotic group (n = 10), which were fed with the same infant formula but fortified with 109 colony-forming units (CFU) of Lactobacillus salivarius LPLM-O1, and the NEC-induced group (n = 10). Each group was fed with 100 μl of food formula every three hours, using a modified syringe. The probiotic and NEC groups were exposed to asphyxia- and cold-induced stress to develop experimental NEC. At the end of the experiment (96 hrs), animals were sacrificed, and their small intestines were carefully removed and evaluated for typical signs of NEC, microbiological count and histological analyses. The histological analysis of the NEC-induced group showed transmural necrosis (grade 4);in the probiotic group, the grade was comparatively lower (grade 2). Survival ratewas higher in the probiotic group (83%) than in the NEC-induced group (46%);however, the difference in not statistically significant (p = 0.14). Lactic acid bacteria counts were higher in the probiotic group than in the NEC-induced group (8.4 × 108 and 6.1 × 107 CFU/intestine tissue gram, respectively). According to these results, the model of artificial induction of NEC was effectively establishedin all pups, and the probiotic strain slightly decreases the injuries’ grade in newborn pups.展开更多
Background: Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is the most common and fatal gastrointestinal disease encountered in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. Several case reports have shown an association between supraventricula...Background: Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is the most common and fatal gastrointestinal disease encountered in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. Several case reports have shown an association between supraventricular tachycardia and necrotizing enterocolitis. This study aimed to determine the association between supraventricular tachycardia and necrotizing enterocolitis. Methods: This study was conducted from April 1<sup>st</sup>, 2016 to March 31<sup>st</sup>, 2022, at the Department of Pediatrics, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei, China. The records of 74 subjects with the diagnosis of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) were obtained from the hospital’s medical data records. Consequently, 74 gender, gestational age, and birth weight-matched controls (babies without NEC) were recruited as controls. Results: Of the 74 cases, 47.3% of the cases were males, and 52.7% were females. Regarding the birth weight and gestational age, 77% of the cases had low birth weight (LBW) and 86.5% were premature. In terms of Apgar score, 93.2% of NEC cases had an Apgar score of >7 at five minutes. The median values of white blood cells, platelets, and hemoglobin of cases were 10.90 (8.09, 13.80), 227 (169.75, 295.50), and 155.6 (130.53, 170.95), respectively. No Association between supraventricular tachycardia and necrotizing enterocolitis (P = 1.00). Conclusion: No association between necrotizing enterocolitis and supraventricular tachycardia was found. Further multicenter-based studies examining whether there is a potential relationship exists between supraventricular tachycardia and the development of necrotizing enterocolitis are required.展开更多
Infected necrotizing pancreatitis(INP)remains a life-threatening complication of acute pancreatitis.Despite advancements such as endoscopic ultrasound(EUS)-guided drainage,lumen-apposing metal stents,and protocolized ...Infected necrotizing pancreatitis(INP)remains a life-threatening complication of acute pancreatitis.Despite advancements such as endoscopic ultrasound(EUS)-guided drainage,lumen-apposing metal stents,and protocolized step-up strate-gies,the clinical practice remains heterogeneous,with variability in endoscopic strategies,procedural timing,device selection,and adjunctive techniques contri-buting to inconsistent outcomes.This review synthesizes current evidence to contribute to a structured framework integrating multidisciplinary team decision-making,advanced imaging(three-dimensional reconstruction,contrast-enhanced computed tomography/magnetic resonance imaging),EUS assessment,and biomarker-driven risk stratification(C-reactive protein,procalcitonin)to optimize patient selection,intervention timing,and complication management.Key stan-dardization components include endoscopic assessment and procedural strate-gies,optimal timing of intervention,personalized approaches for complex pan-creatic collections,and techniques to reduce the number of endoscopic debride-ments and mitigate complications.This work aims to enhance clinical outcomes,minimize practice heterogeneity,and establish a foundation for future research and guideline development in endoscopic management of INP.展开更多
BACKGROUND Food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome(FPIES)is the most serious type of non-immunoglobulin E(IgE)-mediated food allergic reaction manifesting as sepsis-like symptom,which can lead to shock.Saccharomyc...BACKGROUND Food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome(FPIES)is the most serious type of non-immunoglobulin E(IgE)-mediated food allergic reaction manifesting as sepsis-like symptom,which can lead to shock.Saccharomyces boulardii(S.boulardii),a probiotic prescribed frequently in clinical settings,has been reported to trigger FPIES in an infant with soy-triggered FPIES.In this report,we describe a new clinical FPIES in which S.boulardii was the sole triggering factor of acute FPIES adverse reaction in seven healthy infants.CASE SUMMARY Seven FPIES cases triggered by only S.boulardii were gathered from 2011 to the present.None of the patients had previously experienced any allergic reaction to cow’s milk,soy,or complementary food.The age of the patients was 4-10-months old,and the symptoms of FPIES developed after ingestion of S.boulardii,which is mostly prescribed for the treatment of gastroenteritis or antibiotic-associated diarrhea.All patients experienced severe repetitive vomiting 1-3 hours after S.boulardii ingestion.Extreme lethargy,marked pallor,and cyanosis were also observed.No IgE-mediated hypersensitivity developed in any patient.Diarrhea was followed by initial intense vomiting in approximately 5-10 hours after S.boulardii ingestion,and only one case showed bloody,purulent,and foul-smelling diarrhea.The patients stabilized quickly,mostly within 6 hours.Symptoms got all improved within 24 hours after discontinuation of S.boulardii.CONCLUSION S.boulardii can be the sole trigger of acute FPIES and be prescribed cautiously even in healthy children without FPIES.展开更多
BACKGROUND Necrotizing fasciitis(NF)is a potentially fatal bacterial infection of the soft tissues.Liver cirrhosis appears to be a contributing factor to higher morbidity and mor-tality in patients with NF.This resear...BACKGROUND Necrotizing fasciitis(NF)is a potentially fatal bacterial infection of the soft tissues.Liver cirrhosis appears to be a contributing factor to higher morbidity and mor-tality in patients with NF.This research article explores the relationship between these two conditions.AIM To evaluate whether liver cirrhosis increases morbidity and mortality in patients with NF,focusing on inpatient mortality,septic shock,length of stay,and hospital costs.METHODS This retrospective cohort study utilized data from the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project 2019 National Inpatient Sample.Cases were identified as pa-tients with both NF and cirrhosis,while controls were non-cirrhotic.The study focused on inpatient mortality as the primary outcome,with secondary outcomes including surgical limb amputation,mechanical ventilation rates,septic shock,length of stay,and hospital costs.RESULTS A total of 14920 patients were admitted to the hospital for management of NF,of which 2.11%had liver cirrhosis.Inpatient mortality was higher in cirrhotic patients(9.5%vs 3%;adjusted odds ratio=3.78;P value=0.02).Cirrhotic patients also had higher rates of septic shock(10.5%vs 4.9%,P value<0.01).Length of hospital stay,total charges,and rates of mechanical ventilation were not statistically different between groups.CONCLUSION Liver cirrhosis is an independent risk factor of in-hospital mortality and morbidity in patients with NF.Clinicians should be aware of this association to ensure better clinical outcomes and spare healthcare expenditure.展开更多
基金Project Name:Correlation Analysis between Intestinal Flora and Differential Proteins in Intestinal Tissue of Neonatal Necrotizing Enterocolitis(Project No.:FYX202336)。
文摘Objective:To analyze the efficacy of Bifidobacterium triple viable bacteria tablets on neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis(NEC)and its impact on serum factors of the patients.Methods:From January 2021 to May 2025,88 neonates with NEC admitted to our hospital were selected as study subjects.During the study,these 88 patients were evenly divided into two groups,namely the observation group and the control group,with 44 patients in each group based on the random number table method.In terms of treatment,the control group was treated with meropenem,while the observation group received additional treatment with Bifidobacterium triple viable bacteria powder based on the treatment plan of the control group.The clinical efficacy and differences in serum inflammatory factor levels between the two groups were compared.Results:The efficacy of the observation group(90.91%)was better than that of the control group(72.73%)(P<0.05).After treatment,the levels of C-reactive protein(CRP)and procalcitonin(PCT)in both groups decreased compared to those before treatment,and the values of the above indicators in the observation group were lower than those in the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion:Based on conventional treatment for NEC neonates,the use of Bifidobacterium triple viable bacteria tablets has significant efficacy and can effectively reduce serum inflammatory factor levels.
基金Supported by The Russian Science Foundation,No.19-75-20076.
文摘BACKGROUND Necrotizing enterocolitis(NEC)remains a prominent gastrointestinal emergency among infants,particularly term infants with congenital heart defects(CHD)being at high risk.The molecular processes that contribute to NEC have yet to be completely understood.The high mortality rates necessitate an active search for noninvasive biomarkers that can aid in the preclinical diagnosis and prognosis of NEC.MicroRNAs(miRs),which are involved in many biological processes in both health and disease,have been discovered to play an important role in regulating inflammation and immune responses via various signaling pathways.AIM To determine the plasma levels of miR-155,miR-221,miR-223,miR-320a,miR-451a as potential NEC biomarkers in term newborns with CHD.METHODS This prospective cohort study included twenty-tree term newborns with CHD who underwent cardiac surgery on the median day of life(DOL)=7.Nine of them developed NEC(Bell’s stage IIA and IIIA)within 1 week of cardiac surgery(NEC newborns).Blood samples were collected before(median DOL=5)and following(median DOL=13)cardiac surgery.Levels of plasma miR-155-5p,miR-221-3p,miR-223-3p,miR-320a-3p,and miR-451a were determined using real-time polymerase chain reaction.The functional analysis was executed using the DIANA-miRPath v4.0.RESULTS Preoperatively,NEC newborns had significantly lower plasma levels of miR-155(2.70-fold,P=0.020),miR-223(2.42-fold,P=0.030),and miR-320a(3.62-fold,P=0.006)than newborns without NEC.Postoperatively,miR-451a levels differed significantly between the newborn groups,showing a 4.70-fold decrease(P=0.014)in expression when clinical NEC symptoms appeared.According to receiver operating characteristic analysis,miR-320a was found to be the most effective predictive biomarker for NEC[area under the curve(AUC)=0.835,63%sensitivity,100%specificity],while miR-451a was identified as a NEC biomarker(AUC=0.835,85.7%sensitivity,76.9%specificity).Preoperatively,miR-155-5p,miR-223-3p,and miR-320a-3p were differentially expressed and targeted the forkhead box O and Hippo pathways(P<0.01).CONCLUSION Our study demonstrates,for the first time,that plasma miR-320a-3p levels can be used as a preclinical biomarker for NEC in term newborns with CHD.
基金Supported by China International Medical Foundation,No.Z-2019-41-2101-04China Postdoctoral Science Foundation Funded Project,No.2022M721957+1 种基金West China Psychiatric Association,No.WL2022102Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation,No.2023A1515110717.
文摘BACKGROUND Necrotizing enterocolitis(NEC)is a severe gastrointestinal disease that affects premature infants.Although mounting evidence supports the therapeutic effect of exosomes on NEC,the underlying mechanisms remain unclear.AIM To investigate the mechanisms underlying the regulation of inflammatory response and intestinal barrier function by umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell(UCMSCs)exosomes,as well as their potential in alleviating NEC in neonatal mice.METHODS NEC was induced in 5-d-old C57BL/6 pups through hypoxia and gavage feeding of formula containing lipopolysaccharide(LPS),after which the mice received human UCMSC exosomes(hUCMSC-exos).The control mice were allowed to breastfeed with their dams.Ileal tissues were collected from the mice and analyzed by histopathology and immunoblotting.Colon tissues were collected from NEC neonates and analyzed by immunofluorescence.Molecular biology and cell culture approaches were employed to study the related mechanisms in intestinal epithelial cells.RESULTS We found that autophagy is overactivated in intestinal epithelial cells during NEC,resulting in reduced expression of tight junction proteins and an increased inflammatory response.The ability of hUCMSC-exos to ameliorate NEC in a mouse model was dependent on decreased intestinal autophagy.We also showed that hUCMSC-exos alleviate the inflammatory response and increase migration ability in intestinal epithelial cells induced by LPS.CONCLUSION These results contribute to a better understanding of the protective mechanisms of hUCMSC-exos against NEC and provide a new theoretical and experimental foundation for NEC treatment.These findings also enhance our understanding of the role of the autophagy mechanism in NEC,offering potential avenues for identifying new therapeutic targets.
文摘Rationale:This case highlights the rare yet critical diagnosis of hypermagnesemia in a preterm infant,who presented with symptoms mimicking necrotizing enterocolitis.It underscores the importance of considering hypermagnesemia as a differential diagnosis in neonatal respiratory distress and gastrointestinal symptoms,even when the cause is not immediately apparent.Patient’s Concern:An extremely low birth infant with respiratory distress further had episodes of apnoea and cyanosis.The infant eventually exhibited abdominal distension and bilious vomiting,symptoms mimicking necrotizing enterocolitis.Diagnosis:The infant’s clinical features were attributed to hypermagnesemia,despite no magnesium being administered and no apparent cause identified.Screening the apparently asymptomatic mother confirmed a serum magnesium level of 4 mg/dL,suggesting transplacental transfer as the likely cause of the neonate’s condition.Interventions:The newborn was treated supportively with adequate hydration and maintenance calcium gluconate.Outcomes:Magnesium levels decreased,and the baby showed signs of improvement.Lessons:Hypermagnesemia,though uncommon,should be investigated and considered even when the symptoms are not apparent.
文摘Necrotizing enterocolitis(NEC)is a leading cause of death from gastrointestinal disease in premature and low-birth-weight infants.Early detection of severely ischemic or necrotic bowel before perforation is rather difficult.New techniques including multi-omics contribute to better understanding its underlying mechanisms and discovering differe categories of biomarkers.Combination of clinical metrics such as seven components of metabolic derangement(CMD)may provide accurate assessment of its severity.Implementation of quality improvement initiatives including breast milk feeding actually lowers its incidence.
文摘BACKGROUND Currently,pediatric surgeons are challenged by a lack of consensus on the optimal management strategy(conservative or surgical)for children with Bell’s stage II necrotizing enterocolitis(NEC).AIM To evaluate the clinical efficacy of peritoneal drainage in very-low-birth-weight(VLBW)neonates with modified Bell’s stage II NEC.METHODS This was a retrospective analysis of 102 NEC(modified Bell’s stage II)neonates born with VLBW who were treated at the Fujian Children’s Hospital(Fujian Branch of Shanghai Children’s Medical Center)between January 2017 and January 2020;these included 24 cases in the peritoneal drainage group,36 cases in the exploratory laparotomy group,and 42 cases in the conservative treatment group.RESULTS The general characteristics were comparable in the three groups(P>0.05).Compared with conservative treatment,peritoneal drainage was associated with significantly shorter fasting time,abdominal distension relief time,fecal occult blood(OB)negative conversion time,and reduced hospital length of stay(HLOS)(P<0.05 for all).Despite some advantages of peritoneal drainage over conservative treatment in terms of cure,conversion to laparotomy,intestinal perforation,intestinal stenosis,and abdominal abscess rates,the differences were not statistically significant(P>0.05).Compared to exploratory laparotomy,the fecal OB negative conversion time was significantly shorter in the peritoneal drainage group(P<0.05);similarly,the exploratory laparotomy group showed longer fasting time,abdominal distension relief time,HLOS,and higher complication rate compared to peritoneal drainage group,but the between-group differences were not statistically significant(P>0.05).CONCLUSION Peritoneal drainage,an easy-to-operate procedure,can improve the clinical symptoms of VLBW neonates with Bell’s stage II NEC and help reduce the HLOS.
基金Canadian Institute of Health research grant, No. 143315,a National Sciences and Engineering Research Council scholarship
文摘Necrotizing enterocolitis is an inflammatory bowel disease of neonates with significant morbidity and mortality in preterm infants. Due to the multifactorial nature o the disease and limitations in disease models, early diagnosis remains challenging and the pathogenesis elusive. Although preterm birth, hypoxic-ischemic events formula feeding, and abnormal bacteria colonization are established risk factors, the role of genetics and vasoactive/inflammatory mediators is unclear Consequently, treatments do not target the specific underlying disease processes and are symptomatic and surgically invasive. Breast-feeding is the most effective preventative measure. Recent advances in the prevention of necrotizing enterocolitis have focused on bioactive nutrients and trophic factors in human milk. Developmen of new disease models including the aspect of prematurity that consistently predisposes neonates to the disease with multiple risk factors will improve our understanding of the pathogenesis and lead to discovery of innovative therapeutics.
文摘AIM:To establish the roles of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/CD14/toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-mediated inflammation in a rat model of human necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC).METHODS: Six pairs of intestinal samples from human NEC were collected before and after recovery for histological and molecular analysis of inflammatory cytokines and signaling components. In the rat NEC model, we isolated 10-cm jejunum segments and divided them into six groups (n=6) for sham operation, treatment with LPS, bowel distension, combined bowel distension and LPS stimulation, and two therapeutic groups. The potential eff icacy of a recombinant CD18 peptide and a monoclonal CD14 antibody was evaluated in the latter two groups. The serum and tissue levels of several inflammatory mediators were quantified by real-time polymerase chain reaction, ELISA and immunoblotting.RESULTS: Human acute phase NEC tissues displayed significant increases (P<0.05) in levels of TLR4, CD14, myeloid differentiation protein (MD)-2, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and nuclear factor-κB when compared to those after recovery. The histological and inflammatory picture of human NEC was reproduced in rats that were treated with combined bowel distension and LPS, but not in the sham-operated and other control rats. Serum levels of interleukin-6 and TNF-α were also elevated. The NEC pathology was attenuated by treating the NEC rats with a monoclonal CD14 antibody or an LPS-neutralizing peptide.CONCLUSION:LPS and distension are required to produce the histological and inflammatory features of NEC. A potential treatment option is blocking LPS activation and leukocyte infi ltration.
文摘Necrotizing enterocolitis(NEC) is among the most common and devastating diseases encountered in premature infants, yet the true etiology continues to be poorly understood despite decades of research. Recently, gut bacterial dysbiosis has been proposed as a risk factor for the development of NEC. Based on this theory, several best clinical practices designed to reduce the risk of NEC have been proposed and/or implemented. This review summarizes the results of recent clinical trials and meta-analyses that support some of the existing clinical practices for reducing the risk of NEC in premature infants. It is evident that human milk feeding can reduce the incidence of NEC. While most of the studies demonstrated that probiotic supplementation can significantly reduce the incidence of NEC in premature infants, there are still some concerns regarding the quality, safety, optimal dosage, and treatment duration of probiotic preparations. Antibiotic prophylaxis does not reduce the incidence of NEC, and prolonged initial empirical use of antibiotics might in fact increase the risk of NEC for high-risk premature infants. Lastly, standardized feeding protocols are strongly recommended, both for prevention of postnatal growth restriction and NEC.
基金The study was funded by the Zhejiang Provincial Traditional Chinese Medicine Administration of China(approval number 2011ZB083)the Quality of Nursing Practice Project of the Chinese Medical Association.
文摘Objective:To study the effects of prolonging small feeding volumes early in life on the incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis(NEC)in very low birth weight(VLBW)preterm infants.Methods:A total of 128 VLBW infants who could not be breastfed were assigned into the experimental group(63 cases)and the control group(65 cases)using a random number table.The experiment group was fed 12 mL/(kg·d)on day 1 which was increased to 24 mL/(kg·d)for the first 10 study days.The control group was fed 12 mL/(kg·d)for the first 14e48 hours.Then,the feeding volume increased by 24-36 mL/(kg·d)up to 140e160 mL/(kg·d)and maintained until the 10th day after birth.The incidence of feeding intolerance and NEC,duration of hospitalization,time to full enteral feedings,incidence of intrahepatic cholestasis,and the levels of gastrin and motilin in serum were assessed.Results:The incidence of feeding intolerance was significantly lower in the experimental group compared with the control group(15.87% vs.33.84%).There was a significant reduction in the incidence of NEC between the experimental and control groups(7.9% vs.16% in the control group).Conclusion:A protocol that prolongs small feeding volumes early in life can reduce the incidence and severity of NEC,but still warrants further study.
文摘Necrotizing enterocolitis [NEC] is an inflammatory disease of intestine largely occuring in preterm infants with a wide range of damage from minimal injury limited to mucosa to extensive necrosis of bowel wall and perforation. Despite advancements in neonatal care, mortality remains high [30% - 50%] and controversy still persists with regards to the most appropriate management of neonates with necrotizing enterocolitis. The main factors thought to be involved in the pathogenesis of NEC are: relatively hyper-reactive state of premature intestine, enteral feeding and bacterial colonization. In this review, we discuss current knowledge about the epidemiology, pathophysiology, imaging, medical and surgical management of necrotizing enterocolitis and describe novel strategies for prevention and treatment.
基金Suzhou Science and Technology Program,No.SLT202005Suzhou Municipal Commission of Health and Family Planning,No.LCZX202031+1 种基金Suzhou New District Science and Technology Plan,No.2019Z009Independent Innovation Project of National High Tech Development Zone Hospital,No.SGY2018C03.
文摘BACKGROUND Necrotizing enterocolitis(NEC)of the newborn is a frequently occurring clinical disease in infants.The mortality rate of NEC in premature infants is as high as 50%,and the morbidity rate is on the rise.NEC has already caused serious impacts on newborn survival and poses serious threats to both children and families.AIM To investigate the expression and significance of mucin 1(MUC1)and interleukin-11(IL-11)in the intestinal mucosa of infants with neonatal NEC after surgery.METHODS Forty-eight postoperative intestinal mucosal specimens from children with NEC(NEC group)and twenty-two intestinal mucosal specimens from children with congenital intestinal atresia(control group)were collected in our hospital.Immunohistochemical staining and Western blot analysis were used to examine the protein expression of MUC-1 and IL-11 in the two groups.The serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)and IL-1βin the two groups were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,and the relationship between MUC-1 and IL-11 protein expression and serum TNF-αand IL-1βlevels was analyzed by the linear correlation method.RESULTS The protein expression of MUC-1 and IL-11 in the NEC group was significantly lower than that in the control group,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).The levels of serum TNF-αand IL-1βin the NEC group were significantly higher than those in the control group(P<0.05).The protein expression of MUC-1 and IL-11 in the NEC group negatively correlated with serum TNF-αand IL-1βlevels(P<0.05).There was a significant negative correlation between the protein expression of MUC-1 and IL-11 and the levels of serum TNF-αand IL-1βin the NEC group.CONCLUSION The protein expression of MUC1 and IL-11 in the intestinal mucosa of children with NEC is significantly downregulated after surgery.This downregulation may be involved in the pathogenesis of this disease and has a certain correlation with inflammatory response factors in children with NEC.
基金Supported by the 2020 Scientific Research Project of the Sichuan Health and Family Planning Commission,No.20PJ081.
文摘BACKGROUND Reports of necrotizing enterocolitis(NEC)caused by umbilical arterial catheter(UAC)-associated abdominal aortic embolism in neonates are rare.Herein,we report the case of an extremely low birth weight(ELBW)infant with NEC caused by UAC-associated abdominal aortic embolism.CASE SUMMARY A female infant,aged 21 min and weighing 830 g at 28+6 wk of gestational age,was referred to our hospital because of premature birth and shallow breathing.The patient was diagnosed with ELBW,neonatal respiratory distress syndrome,neonatal intrauterine infection,and neonatal asphyxia.Umbilical arterial and venous catheters were inserted on the day after birth and were removed 9 d later,according to the doctor’s plan.Within 48 h after extubation,the patient’s manifestations included poor responsiveness,heart rate range of 175-185/min,and currant jelly stool.Therefore,we considered a diagnosis of NEC.To determine the cause,we used B-mode ultrasound,which revealed a partial abdominal aortic embolism(2 cm×0.3 cm)and abdominal effusion.The patient was treated with nil per os,gastrointestinal decompression,anti-infective therapy,blood transfusion,and low-molecular-weight heparin sodium q12h for anticoagulant therapy(from May 20 to June 1,the dosage of low-molecular-weight heparin sodium was adjusted according to the anti-Xa activity during treatment).On the 67th day after admission,the patient fully recovered and was discharged.CONCLUSION The abdominal aortic thrombosis in this patient was considered to be catheter related,which requires immediate treatment once diagnosed.The choice of treatment should be determined according to the location of the thrombus and the patient’s condition.
基金Supported by the Russian Science Foundation,No.22-25-00484。
文摘BACKGROUND Necrotizing enterocolitis(NEC)is a multifactorial disease that predominantly affects premature neonates.Intestinal dysbiosis plays a critical role in NEC pathogenesis in premature neonates.The main risk factor for NEC in term infants is mesenteric hypoperfusion associated with ductaldependent congenital heart disease(CHD)that eventually leads to intestinal ischemia.The incidence of NEC in neonates with critical CHD is 6.8%-13%.However,the role of the intestinal microbiome in NEC pathogenesis in infants with ductal-dependent CHD remains unclear.CASE SUMMARY A male term neonate with right atrial isomerism underwent modified Blalock-Taussig shunt placement on the 14^(th)day of life and had persistent mesenteric hypoperfusion after surgery.The patient had episodes of NEC stageⅡA on the 1^(st)and 28^(th)days after cardiac surgery.Fecal microbial composition was analyzed before and after cardiac surgery by sequencing region V4 of the 16S rRNA gene.Before surgery,species belonging to genera Veillonella and Clostridia and class Gammaproteobacteria were detected,Bifidobacteriaceae showed a low abundance.The first NEC episode was associated with postoperative hemodynamic instability,intestinal ischemiareperfusion injury during cardiopulmonary bypass,and a high abundance of Clostridium paraputrificum(Clostridium sensu stricto I)(56.1%).Antibacterial therapy after the first NEC episode resulted in increased abundance of Gammaproteobacteria,decreased abundance of Firmicutes,and low alpha diversity.These changes in the microbial composition promoted the growth of Clostridium sensu strictoⅠ(72.0%)before the second NEC episode.CONCLUSION A high abundance of Clostridium sensu strictoⅠand mesenteric hypoperfusion may have contributed to NEC in the present case.
文摘Objective:To analyze the expression of sirtuin type 1 (SIRT1) signal pathway in intestinal tissues of neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), and to preliminarily explore the role of SIRT1 in the occurrence of NEC.Methods: From January 2017 to June 2017, the ileal tissues of 35 neonates with NEC underwent one-stage fistula treatment were selected as NEC group, and the ileal tissues of these 35 neonates underwent two-stage fistula treatment were selected as control group. The expression levels of SIRT1, transcription factor-nuclear factor (NF-κB), and SUMO specific protease 1 (SENP1) were detected by qRT-PCR;the expressions of SIRT1, NF-κB, and SENP1 were detected by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting (WB). Results: SIRT1 mRNA, protein positive expression rate, average optical density, and relative protein expression in intestinal tissues of children in NEC group were significantly lower than those in control group (P<0.05), however, the expression of NF-κB, the SENP1 mRNA and protein positive expression rates, the average optical density, and relative protein expression were significantly increased (P<0.05).Conclusion: SIRT1 is low expressed in intestinal tissues of children with NEC, the possible reason is that SIRT1 signaling pathway is suppressed and then NEC occurs.
文摘Due to an increasing incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), as well as its associated mortality and long-term complications seen in surviving patients, the main focus of research in NEC has shifted to the prevention and treatment of the disease. The hypothesis of this work is that the strain Lactobacillus salivarius LPLM-O1 can decrease the intestinal injuries in a model of induced NEC. 26 newborn Sprague-Dawley pups were used in this study and randomized in three groups: control group (n = 6), which were fed with infant formula (Similac NeosureTM, Abbott);probiotic group (n = 10), which were fed with the same infant formula but fortified with 109 colony-forming units (CFU) of Lactobacillus salivarius LPLM-O1, and the NEC-induced group (n = 10). Each group was fed with 100 μl of food formula every three hours, using a modified syringe. The probiotic and NEC groups were exposed to asphyxia- and cold-induced stress to develop experimental NEC. At the end of the experiment (96 hrs), animals were sacrificed, and their small intestines were carefully removed and evaluated for typical signs of NEC, microbiological count and histological analyses. The histological analysis of the NEC-induced group showed transmural necrosis (grade 4);in the probiotic group, the grade was comparatively lower (grade 2). Survival ratewas higher in the probiotic group (83%) than in the NEC-induced group (46%);however, the difference in not statistically significant (p = 0.14). Lactic acid bacteria counts were higher in the probiotic group than in the NEC-induced group (8.4 × 108 and 6.1 × 107 CFU/intestine tissue gram, respectively). According to these results, the model of artificial induction of NEC was effectively establishedin all pups, and the probiotic strain slightly decreases the injuries’ grade in newborn pups.
文摘Background: Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is the most common and fatal gastrointestinal disease encountered in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. Several case reports have shown an association between supraventricular tachycardia and necrotizing enterocolitis. This study aimed to determine the association between supraventricular tachycardia and necrotizing enterocolitis. Methods: This study was conducted from April 1<sup>st</sup>, 2016 to March 31<sup>st</sup>, 2022, at the Department of Pediatrics, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei, China. The records of 74 subjects with the diagnosis of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) were obtained from the hospital’s medical data records. Consequently, 74 gender, gestational age, and birth weight-matched controls (babies without NEC) were recruited as controls. Results: Of the 74 cases, 47.3% of the cases were males, and 52.7% were females. Regarding the birth weight and gestational age, 77% of the cases had low birth weight (LBW) and 86.5% were premature. In terms of Apgar score, 93.2% of NEC cases had an Apgar score of >7 at five minutes. The median values of white blood cells, platelets, and hemoglobin of cases were 10.90 (8.09, 13.80), 227 (169.75, 295.50), and 155.6 (130.53, 170.95), respectively. No Association between supraventricular tachycardia and necrotizing enterocolitis (P = 1.00). Conclusion: No association between necrotizing enterocolitis and supraventricular tachycardia was found. Further multicenter-based studies examining whether there is a potential relationship exists between supraventricular tachycardia and the development of necrotizing enterocolitis are required.
基金Supported by the Education and Teaching Reform Project of the First Clinical College of Chongqing Medical University,No.CMER202305Natural Science Foundation of Xizang Autonomous Region,No.XZ2024ZR-ZY100(Z)Program for Youth Innovation in Future Medicine,Chongqing Medical University,China,No.W0138.
文摘Infected necrotizing pancreatitis(INP)remains a life-threatening complication of acute pancreatitis.Despite advancements such as endoscopic ultrasound(EUS)-guided drainage,lumen-apposing metal stents,and protocolized step-up strate-gies,the clinical practice remains heterogeneous,with variability in endoscopic strategies,procedural timing,device selection,and adjunctive techniques contri-buting to inconsistent outcomes.This review synthesizes current evidence to contribute to a structured framework integrating multidisciplinary team decision-making,advanced imaging(three-dimensional reconstruction,contrast-enhanced computed tomography/magnetic resonance imaging),EUS assessment,and biomarker-driven risk stratification(C-reactive protein,procalcitonin)to optimize patient selection,intervention timing,and complication management.Key stan-dardization components include endoscopic assessment and procedural strate-gies,optimal timing of intervention,personalized approaches for complex pan-creatic collections,and techniques to reduce the number of endoscopic debride-ments and mitigate complications.This work aims to enhance clinical outcomes,minimize practice heterogeneity,and establish a foundation for future research and guideline development in endoscopic management of INP.
基金Supported by The Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center in 2006.
文摘BACKGROUND Food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome(FPIES)is the most serious type of non-immunoglobulin E(IgE)-mediated food allergic reaction manifesting as sepsis-like symptom,which can lead to shock.Saccharomyces boulardii(S.boulardii),a probiotic prescribed frequently in clinical settings,has been reported to trigger FPIES in an infant with soy-triggered FPIES.In this report,we describe a new clinical FPIES in which S.boulardii was the sole triggering factor of acute FPIES adverse reaction in seven healthy infants.CASE SUMMARY Seven FPIES cases triggered by only S.boulardii were gathered from 2011 to the present.None of the patients had previously experienced any allergic reaction to cow’s milk,soy,or complementary food.The age of the patients was 4-10-months old,and the symptoms of FPIES developed after ingestion of S.boulardii,which is mostly prescribed for the treatment of gastroenteritis or antibiotic-associated diarrhea.All patients experienced severe repetitive vomiting 1-3 hours after S.boulardii ingestion.Extreme lethargy,marked pallor,and cyanosis were also observed.No IgE-mediated hypersensitivity developed in any patient.Diarrhea was followed by initial intense vomiting in approximately 5-10 hours after S.boulardii ingestion,and only one case showed bloody,purulent,and foul-smelling diarrhea.The patients stabilized quickly,mostly within 6 hours.Symptoms got all improved within 24 hours after discontinuation of S.boulardii.CONCLUSION S.boulardii can be the sole trigger of acute FPIES and be prescribed cautiously even in healthy children without FPIES.
文摘BACKGROUND Necrotizing fasciitis(NF)is a potentially fatal bacterial infection of the soft tissues.Liver cirrhosis appears to be a contributing factor to higher morbidity and mor-tality in patients with NF.This research article explores the relationship between these two conditions.AIM To evaluate whether liver cirrhosis increases morbidity and mortality in patients with NF,focusing on inpatient mortality,septic shock,length of stay,and hospital costs.METHODS This retrospective cohort study utilized data from the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project 2019 National Inpatient Sample.Cases were identified as pa-tients with both NF and cirrhosis,while controls were non-cirrhotic.The study focused on inpatient mortality as the primary outcome,with secondary outcomes including surgical limb amputation,mechanical ventilation rates,septic shock,length of stay,and hospital costs.RESULTS A total of 14920 patients were admitted to the hospital for management of NF,of which 2.11%had liver cirrhosis.Inpatient mortality was higher in cirrhotic patients(9.5%vs 3%;adjusted odds ratio=3.78;P value=0.02).Cirrhotic patients also had higher rates of septic shock(10.5%vs 4.9%,P value<0.01).Length of hospital stay,total charges,and rates of mechanical ventilation were not statistically different between groups.CONCLUSION Liver cirrhosis is an independent risk factor of in-hospital mortality and morbidity in patients with NF.Clinicians should be aware of this association to ensure better clinical outcomes and spare healthcare expenditure.
