The enrichment behavior of phosphorus in CaO-SiO2-FeOx-P2O5 slag was studied by making an investigation on the distribution of phosphorous content in the CaO-SiO2-FeOx-P2O5 molten slag.The research results showed that...The enrichment behavior of phosphorus in CaO-SiO2-FeOx-P2O5 slag was studied by making an investigation on the distribution of phosphorous content in the CaO-SiO2-FeOx-P2O5 molten slag.The research results showed that the 2CaO·SiO2 solid particles existing in molten slag were the condensation sites for the phosphorus enrichment.The enrichment process of phosphorus in the molten slag can be recognized as three substeps：mass transfer of phosphorus from bulk slag to the surface of 2CaO·SiO2 particle,superficial solid solution reaction of phosphorus around the 2CaO·SiO2 particle,and diffusion of phosphorus through the product layer of 2CaO·SiO2-3CaO·P2O5 solid solution to the inner of 2CaO·SiO2 particle.Moreover,higher temperature is favorable to the phosphorous enrichment from molten bulk slag to the 2CaO·SiO2 particles.展开更多
Particle motion regime and enrichment behavior of dense granular impinging-jets formed by the nozzle with rectangular orifice are experimentally and numerically investigated.Two impingement patterns are identified,inc...Particle motion regime and enrichment behavior of dense granular impinging-jets formed by the nozzle with rectangular orifice are experimentally and numerically investigated.Two impingement patterns are identified,including long and short parallel patterns.Particles enrich in the central axis of the granular sheet when two jets impinge with the long axes parallel pattern.While at the short axes parallel pattern,particles generate two symmetrical enriched streams.The angle of particle-enriched streams is observed to increase with increasing angle of two impinging-jets and decreasing aspect ratio of the nozzle orifice.The particle image velocity(PIV)analysis results demonstrate that the circumferential distribution of the particle velocity on the granular sheet follows the Gaussian distribution.With the formation of particle-enriched streams,the concentration distribution of the particle evolves into a trimodal pattern.Results of the discrete element method(DEM)indicate that the core region with low velocity within the impact zone of impinging-jets generated by using two nozzles with rectangular orifices extends into a shuttle shape.The core region develops and extends along the horizontal(or vertical)directions at long(or short)axes impingement pattern,thereby,affecting the enrichment behavior of particles.展开更多
The influence of social upbringing on the activity pattern of lion Panthera leo cubs was investigated at three sites. In this study, stimulus objects such as sticks, grass, fresh dung （elephant Loxondota africana, ze...The influence of social upbringing on the activity pattern of lion Panthera leo cubs was investigated at three sites. In this study, stimulus objects such as sticks, grass, fresh dung （elephant Loxondota africana, zebra Equus quagga, impala Aepyceros melampus, duiker Sylvicapra grimmia, kudu Tragelaphus strepsiceros, giraffe Giraffa camelopardalis and wildebeest Connochaetes taurinus） and cardboard boxes, were utilized in an enrichment program aimed at encouraging active behaviors of captive lion cubs at Antelope Park and Masuwe. Lion cubs at Chipangali were not behaviorally enriched. Activity patterns were recorded for 10 days at each site. We recorded moving, resting, playing, grooming, visual exploration and display of hunting instincts. We found that behavioral enrichment enhanced the active behaviors of captive lion cubs. Orphan-raised cubs spent more time moving, playing and displaying hunting instincts than mother-raised cubs, but the time spent grooming was similar across areas and suggests that grooming is not influenced by enrichment. Mother-raised cubs spent more time engaged in visual exploration than orphan-raised cubs and this could be a behavior acquired from mothers or a result of confidence to explore because of their presence. Activity patterns were different among time treatments across our three study sites. Based on these findings, we suggest that lion cubs raised in captivity could benefit from behavioral enrichment to encourage active behaviors essential for eventual reintroduction into the wild展开更多
基金Item Sponsored by National Natural Science Foundation of China/Joint Fund for Iron and Steel Research(50874130)National Natural Science Foundation of China(50974034)
文摘The enrichment behavior of phosphorus in CaO-SiO2-FeOx-P2O5 slag was studied by making an investigation on the distribution of phosphorous content in the CaO-SiO2-FeOx-P2O5 molten slag.The research results showed that the 2CaO·SiO2 solid particles existing in molten slag were the condensation sites for the phosphorus enrichment.The enrichment process of phosphorus in the molten slag can be recognized as three substeps：mass transfer of phosphorus from bulk slag to the surface of 2CaO·SiO2 particle,superficial solid solution reaction of phosphorus around the 2CaO·SiO2 particle,and diffusion of phosphorus through the product layer of 2CaO·SiO2-3CaO·P2O5 solid solution to the inner of 2CaO·SiO2 particle.Moreover,higher temperature is favorable to the phosphorous enrichment from molten bulk slag to the 2CaO·SiO2 particles.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant Nos.22278133 and U21B2088).
文摘Particle motion regime and enrichment behavior of dense granular impinging-jets formed by the nozzle with rectangular orifice are experimentally and numerically investigated.Two impingement patterns are identified,including long and short parallel patterns.Particles enrich in the central axis of the granular sheet when two jets impinge with the long axes parallel pattern.While at the short axes parallel pattern,particles generate two symmetrical enriched streams.The angle of particle-enriched streams is observed to increase with increasing angle of two impinging-jets and decreasing aspect ratio of the nozzle orifice.The particle image velocity(PIV)analysis results demonstrate that the circumferential distribution of the particle velocity on the granular sheet follows the Gaussian distribution.With the formation of particle-enriched streams,the concentration distribution of the particle evolves into a trimodal pattern.Results of the discrete element method(DEM)indicate that the core region with low velocity within the impact zone of impinging-jets generated by using two nozzles with rectangular orifices extends into a shuttle shape.The core region develops and extends along the horizontal(or vertical)directions at long(or short)axes impingement pattern,thereby,affecting the enrichment behavior of particles.
文摘The influence of social upbringing on the activity pattern of lion Panthera leo cubs was investigated at three sites. In this study, stimulus objects such as sticks, grass, fresh dung （elephant Loxondota africana, zebra Equus quagga, impala Aepyceros melampus, duiker Sylvicapra grimmia, kudu Tragelaphus strepsiceros, giraffe Giraffa camelopardalis and wildebeest Connochaetes taurinus） and cardboard boxes, were utilized in an enrichment program aimed at encouraging active behaviors of captive lion cubs at Antelope Park and Masuwe. Lion cubs at Chipangali were not behaviorally enriched. Activity patterns were recorded for 10 days at each site. We recorded moving, resting, playing, grooming, visual exploration and display of hunting instincts. We found that behavioral enrichment enhanced the active behaviors of captive lion cubs. Orphan-raised cubs spent more time moving, playing and displaying hunting instincts than mother-raised cubs, but the time spent grooming was similar across areas and suggests that grooming is not influenced by enrichment. Mother-raised cubs spent more time engaged in visual exploration than orphan-raised cubs and this could be a behavior acquired from mothers or a result of confidence to explore because of their presence. Activity patterns were different among time treatments across our three study sites. Based on these findings, we suggest that lion cubs raised in captivity could benefit from behavioral enrichment to encourage active behaviors essential for eventual reintroduction into the wild
