Excellent nitrogen(N)management techniques can improve crop yields while mitigating reactive N(Nr)losses.The synergistic effects of applying paired N management techniques have important implications for designing exc...Excellent nitrogen(N)management techniques can improve crop yields while mitigating reactive N(Nr)losses.The synergistic effects of applying paired N management techniques have important implications for designing excellent N management strategies,but the interaction effects remain poorly known.Here,a meta-analysis was conducted to quantify the effects of optimized N management techniques(optimized N application rate,optimized topdressing,and applying enhanced-efficiency fertilizers)on wheat yield,N use efficiency(NUE),and Nr losses,as well as the interactive effects of paired N management techniques(combining an optimized N rate with topdressing or enhanced-effciency fertilizers).The results demonstrated that an optimized N fertilizer rate reduced Nr losses by 28-31%while the wheat yield declined by 2%;however,the wheat yield increased by 2%when the reduction of N fertilizer was less than 20%.The adoption of topdressing and enhancedeffciency fertilizers signifcantly increased wheat yields by 4-8%and NUE by 8-14%,while reducing Nr losses by 28-40%,and high topdressing frequency and nitrifcation inhibitors showed stronger positive effects on wheat yield.Paired N management techniques increased wheat yields by 3-4%and NUE by 37-38%,with additive or synergistic effects;and they also reduced Nr losses by 5-66%but showed an antagonistic effect.Such nonadditive interactions amplifed the positive effects on wheat production,but the benefts in terms of environmental risk reduction were weakened.Overall,this study highlights the importance of synergistic effects in innovative N management to address the trade-off between crop yield and Nr losses.展开更多
Inappropriate nitrogen fertilizer management for the intensive Chinese vegetable production has caused low N use efficiency(NUE),high reactive nitrogen(Nr)losses and serious environmental risks with limited yield incr...Inappropriate nitrogen fertilizer management for the intensive Chinese vegetable production has caused low N use efficiency(NUE),high reactive nitrogen(Nr)losses and serious environmental risks with limited yield increase.Innovative N management strategy is an urgent need to achieve sustainable vegetable production.This paper summarizes recent studies on Nr losses and identifies the limitations from Chinese vegetable production systems and proposes three steps for sustainable N management in Chinese vegetable production.The three N management steps include,but are not limited to,(1)knowledge-based optimization of N fertilizer rate strategy,which maintains soil N supply to meet the dynamic vegetable demand in time,space and quantity;(2)innovative products and technology,which regulates the soil N forms and promotes the vegetable root growth to reduce the Nr loss;(3)integrated knowledge and products strategy(IKPS).The knowledge-based optimization of N fertilizer rate strategy and innovative products and technology,can maintain or increase vegetable yield,significantly improve NUE,and mitigate the region-specific and crop-specific Nr losses.More importantly,IKPS,based on combination of in-season root-zone N management strategy,innovative products and technology,and best crop cultivation management,is needed to produce more vegetables with lower Nr losses.展开更多
基金financially support by the Shaanxi Province Key R&D Program,China(2024NC2-GJHX-28)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31902120)the National Key R&D Program of China(2021YFD1900700)。
文摘Excellent nitrogen(N)management techniques can improve crop yields while mitigating reactive N(Nr)losses.The synergistic effects of applying paired N management techniques have important implications for designing excellent N management strategies,but the interaction effects remain poorly known.Here,a meta-analysis was conducted to quantify the effects of optimized N management techniques(optimized N application rate,optimized topdressing,and applying enhanced-efficiency fertilizers)on wheat yield,N use efficiency(NUE),and Nr losses,as well as the interactive effects of paired N management techniques(combining an optimized N rate with topdressing or enhanced-effciency fertilizers).The results demonstrated that an optimized N fertilizer rate reduced Nr losses by 28-31%while the wheat yield declined by 2%;however,the wheat yield increased by 2%when the reduction of N fertilizer was less than 20%.The adoption of topdressing and enhancedeffciency fertilizers signifcantly increased wheat yields by 4-8%and NUE by 8-14%,while reducing Nr losses by 28-40%,and high topdressing frequency and nitrifcation inhibitors showed stronger positive effects on wheat yield.Paired N management techniques increased wheat yields by 3-4%and NUE by 37-38%,with additive or synergistic effects;and they also reduced Nr losses by 5-66%but showed an antagonistic effect.Such nonadditive interactions amplifed the positive effects on wheat production,but the benefts in terms of environmental risk reduction were weakened.Overall,this study highlights the importance of synergistic effects in innovative N management to address the trade-off between crop yield and Nr losses.
基金supported by the Regional Innovation and Development Joint Fund project of National Foundation of China(U20A2047).
文摘Inappropriate nitrogen fertilizer management for the intensive Chinese vegetable production has caused low N use efficiency(NUE),high reactive nitrogen(Nr)losses and serious environmental risks with limited yield increase.Innovative N management strategy is an urgent need to achieve sustainable vegetable production.This paper summarizes recent studies on Nr losses and identifies the limitations from Chinese vegetable production systems and proposes three steps for sustainable N management in Chinese vegetable production.The three N management steps include,but are not limited to,(1)knowledge-based optimization of N fertilizer rate strategy,which maintains soil N supply to meet the dynamic vegetable demand in time,space and quantity;(2)innovative products and technology,which regulates the soil N forms and promotes the vegetable root growth to reduce the Nr loss;(3)integrated knowledge and products strategy(IKPS).The knowledge-based optimization of N fertilizer rate strategy and innovative products and technology,can maintain or increase vegetable yield,significantly improve NUE,and mitigate the region-specific and crop-specific Nr losses.More importantly,IKPS,based on combination of in-season root-zone N management strategy,innovative products and technology,and best crop cultivation management,is needed to produce more vegetables with lower Nr losses.
