Background:Quantum-enhanced medical imaging algorithms–quantum entanglement reconstruction,quantum noise suppression,and quantum beamforming–propose possible remedies for significant constraints in traditional diagn...Background:Quantum-enhanced medical imaging algorithms–quantum entanglement reconstruction,quantum noise suppression,and quantum beamforming–propose possible remedies for significant constraints in traditional diagnostic imaging,such as resolution,radiation efficiency,and real-time processing.Methods:This work used a mixed-methods strategy,including controlled phantom experiments,retrospective multi-center clinical data analysis,and quantum-classical hybrid processing to assess enhancements in resolution,dosage efficiency,and diagnostic confidence.Statistical validation included analysis of variance(ANOVA)and receiver-operating characteristic curve analysis,juxtaposing quantum-enhanced methodologies with conventional and deep learning approaches.Results:Quantum entanglement reconstruction enhanced magnetic resonance imaging spatial resolution by 33.2%(P<0.01),quantum noise suppression facilitated computed tomography scans with a 60%reduction in radiation,and quantum beamforming improved ultrasound contrast by 27%while preserving real-time processing(<2 ms delay).Inter-reader variability(12%in Diagnostic Confidence Scores)showed that systematic training is needed,even if the performance was better.The research presented(1)a reusable clinical quantum imaging framework,(2)enhanced hardware processes(field-programmable gate array/graphics processing unit acceleration),and(3)cost-benefit analyses demonstrating a 22-month return on investment breakeven point.Conclusion:Quantum-enhanced imaging has a lot of promise for use in medicine,especially in neurology and cancer.Future research should focus on multi-modal integration(e.g.,positron emission tomography–magnetic resonance imaging),cloud-based quantum simulations for enhanced accessibility,and extensive trials to confirm long-term diagnostic accuracy.This breakthrough gives healthcare systems a technology roadmap and a reason to spend money on quantum-enhanced diagnostics.展开更多
Objective Sacral dural arteriovenous fistula(SDAVF)is a rare spinal vascular malformation and often misdiagnosed or even mistreated.This study delved into the clinical characteristics,vascular architecture and treatme...Objective Sacral dural arteriovenous fistula(SDAVF)is a rare spinal vascular malformation and often misdiagnosed or even mistreated.This study delved into the clinical characteristics,vascular architecture and treatment results of SDAVF,with the goal of enhancing upcoming diagnostic and therapeutic methodologies.Methods From March 2014 to March 2022,consecutive patients with SDAVF were retrospectively analysed.The data on demographics,symptom resolution,angioarchitectural features and postoperative course were studied.Spinal cord function was evaluated by modified Aminoff-Logue scale.Results A total of 36 patients with 36 SDAVFs were enrolled,12 of whom were misdiagnosed on their initial visit.The SDAVFs were located at S1 in 24(66.7%),S2 in 10(27.8%)and S3 in 2(5.6%)cases,respectively.The primary feeding arteries included lateral sacral artery(LSA)of internal iliac artery(31/36,86.1%),the branches of external iliac artery(2/36,5.6%)and median artery(3/36,8.3%),most of which are straight.Venae terminalisis is the sole drainage vein,flowing back into perimedullary venous network.Endovascular embolisation is the main therapy method for 30 cases,while the other 6 cases were treated with microsurgical fistulectomy.MRI tests showed that the abnormal vascular signals around the medulla disappeared,and the spinal cord oedema was alleviated in the majority of cases(32/36,88.9%).Six patients,who all were treated by endovascular embolisation at first time,had residual or recurrent and two of them were performed by microsurgical fistulectomy again.All patients by microsurgical fistulectomy had no residual or recurrent during follow-up.According to the spinal cord functional assessment,the Aminoff-Logue score was significantly decreased(Z=−3.449,p=0.001)postoperatively.Conclusion The misdiagnosis rate of SDAVF is very high.The most feeding artery of SDAVF came from the LSA,which was thicker and more straight,making it easier for microcatheters to reach the fistula site.So,endovascular embolism has become the first choice of treatment with minimal invasion,and safe and effective results.展开更多
Pulmonary dynamic ventilation dysfunction is a common feature of various lung diseases,including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)[1],cystic fibrosis[2],and asthma[3].Regional assessment of ventilation dynam...Pulmonary dynamic ventilation dysfunction is a common feature of various lung diseases,including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)[1],cystic fibrosis[2],and asthma[3].Regional assessment of ventilation dynamics offers substantial potential to enhance diagnostic accuracy and therapeutic monitoring in these conditions.Although current clinical evaluations primarily depend on global pulmonary function tests,emerging imaging modalities such as four-dimensional computed tomography(4D-CT)[4]and phase-resolved functional lung(PREFUL)imaging[5]enable temporal observation of structural and ventilation changes.展开更多
Since the onset of the HIV epidemic,assessing CD4+T-cells has become a routine procedure for evaluating immune deficiency,with flow cytometry established as the gold standard.Over time,various strategies and platforms...Since the onset of the HIV epidemic,assessing CD4+T-cells has become a routine procedure for evaluating immune deficiency,with flow cytometry established as the gold standard.Over time,various strategies and platforms have been introduced to improve CD4+cell enumeration,aiming to enhance the performance of diagnostic devices and bring the service closer to patients.These advancements are particularly critical for low-resource settings and point-of-care applications,where the excellent performance of flow cytometry is hindered by its unsuitability in such environments.This work presents an innovative electrochemical microfluidic device that,with further development,could be applied for HIV management in low resource settings.The setup integrates an electrochemical sensor within a PDMS microfluidic structure,allowing for on-chip electrode functionalization and cell detection.Using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy,the biosensor demonstrates a linear detection range from 1.25×105 to 2×106 cells/mL,with a detection limit of 1.41×105 cells/mL for CD4+cells isolated from blood samples,aligning with clinical ranges for both healthy and HIV+patients.The biosensor shows specificity towards CD4+cells with negligible response to monocytes,neutrophils,and bovine serum albumin.Its integration with a microfluidic chip for sensor fabrication and cell detection,compact size,minimal manual handling,ease of fabrication,electrochemical detection capability,and potential for multiplexing together with the detection range make the device particularly advantageous for use in low-resource settings,standing out among other devices described in the literature.This study also investigates the integration of a microfluidic Dean Flow Fractionation(DFF)chip for cell separation.展开更多
文摘Background:Quantum-enhanced medical imaging algorithms–quantum entanglement reconstruction,quantum noise suppression,and quantum beamforming–propose possible remedies for significant constraints in traditional diagnostic imaging,such as resolution,radiation efficiency,and real-time processing.Methods:This work used a mixed-methods strategy,including controlled phantom experiments,retrospective multi-center clinical data analysis,and quantum-classical hybrid processing to assess enhancements in resolution,dosage efficiency,and diagnostic confidence.Statistical validation included analysis of variance(ANOVA)and receiver-operating characteristic curve analysis,juxtaposing quantum-enhanced methodologies with conventional and deep learning approaches.Results:Quantum entanglement reconstruction enhanced magnetic resonance imaging spatial resolution by 33.2%(P<0.01),quantum noise suppression facilitated computed tomography scans with a 60%reduction in radiation,and quantum beamforming improved ultrasound contrast by 27%while preserving real-time processing(<2 ms delay).Inter-reader variability(12%in Diagnostic Confidence Scores)showed that systematic training is needed,even if the performance was better.The research presented(1)a reusable clinical quantum imaging framework,(2)enhanced hardware processes(field-programmable gate array/graphics processing unit acceleration),and(3)cost-benefit analyses demonstrating a 22-month return on investment breakeven point.Conclusion:Quantum-enhanced imaging has a lot of promise for use in medicine,especially in neurology and cancer.Future research should focus on multi-modal integration(e.g.,positron emission tomography–magnetic resonance imaging),cloud-based quantum simulations for enhanced accessibility,and extensive trials to confirm long-term diagnostic accuracy.This breakthrough gives healthcare systems a technology roadmap and a reason to spend money on quantum-enhanced diagnostics.
基金provided by the Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82071313),ChinaThe Innovation Foundation of Huashan hospital(NO.2024CX04).
文摘Objective Sacral dural arteriovenous fistula(SDAVF)is a rare spinal vascular malformation and often misdiagnosed or even mistreated.This study delved into the clinical characteristics,vascular architecture and treatment results of SDAVF,with the goal of enhancing upcoming diagnostic and therapeutic methodologies.Methods From March 2014 to March 2022,consecutive patients with SDAVF were retrospectively analysed.The data on demographics,symptom resolution,angioarchitectural features and postoperative course were studied.Spinal cord function was evaluated by modified Aminoff-Logue scale.Results A total of 36 patients with 36 SDAVFs were enrolled,12 of whom were misdiagnosed on their initial visit.The SDAVFs were located at S1 in 24(66.7%),S2 in 10(27.8%)and S3 in 2(5.6%)cases,respectively.The primary feeding arteries included lateral sacral artery(LSA)of internal iliac artery(31/36,86.1%),the branches of external iliac artery(2/36,5.6%)and median artery(3/36,8.3%),most of which are straight.Venae terminalisis is the sole drainage vein,flowing back into perimedullary venous network.Endovascular embolisation is the main therapy method for 30 cases,while the other 6 cases were treated with microsurgical fistulectomy.MRI tests showed that the abnormal vascular signals around the medulla disappeared,and the spinal cord oedema was alleviated in the majority of cases(32/36,88.9%).Six patients,who all were treated by endovascular embolisation at first time,had residual or recurrent and two of them were performed by microsurgical fistulectomy again.All patients by microsurgical fistulectomy had no residual or recurrent during follow-up.According to the spinal cord functional assessment,the Aminoff-Logue score was significantly decreased(Z=−3.449,p=0.001)postoperatively.Conclusion The misdiagnosis rate of SDAVF is very high.The most feeding artery of SDAVF came from the LSA,which was thicker and more straight,making it easier for microcatheters to reach the fistula site.So,endovascular embolism has become the first choice of treatment with minimal invasion,and safe and effective results.
基金supported by the National key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFF0722200)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82127802,82372150,82441015,and 82202119)+5 种基金the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDC0170000 and XDB0540000)Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences,CAS(ZDBS-LY-JSC004)Hubei Provincial Key Technology Foundation of China(2021ACA013)Major Program(JD)of Hubei Province(2023BAA021)Hubei Province Outstanding Youth Fund(2023AFA112,2022CFA050)the support from the Youth Innovation Promotion Association,CAS(2020330,2021330)。
文摘Pulmonary dynamic ventilation dysfunction is a common feature of various lung diseases,including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)[1],cystic fibrosis[2],and asthma[3].Regional assessment of ventilation dynamics offers substantial potential to enhance diagnostic accuracy and therapeutic monitoring in these conditions.Although current clinical evaluations primarily depend on global pulmonary function tests,emerging imaging modalities such as four-dimensional computed tomography(4D-CT)[4]and phase-resolved functional lung(PREFUL)imaging[5]enable temporal observation of structural and ventilation changes.
基金funding from Santander postgraduate mobility awards and Department of Electronic&Electrical Engineering,University of BathR.S.was funded through UK Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council grant number EP/V040189/1.
文摘Since the onset of the HIV epidemic,assessing CD4+T-cells has become a routine procedure for evaluating immune deficiency,with flow cytometry established as the gold standard.Over time,various strategies and platforms have been introduced to improve CD4+cell enumeration,aiming to enhance the performance of diagnostic devices and bring the service closer to patients.These advancements are particularly critical for low-resource settings and point-of-care applications,where the excellent performance of flow cytometry is hindered by its unsuitability in such environments.This work presents an innovative electrochemical microfluidic device that,with further development,could be applied for HIV management in low resource settings.The setup integrates an electrochemical sensor within a PDMS microfluidic structure,allowing for on-chip electrode functionalization and cell detection.Using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy,the biosensor demonstrates a linear detection range from 1.25×105 to 2×106 cells/mL,with a detection limit of 1.41×105 cells/mL for CD4+cells isolated from blood samples,aligning with clinical ranges for both healthy and HIV+patients.The biosensor shows specificity towards CD4+cells with negligible response to monocytes,neutrophils,and bovine serum albumin.Its integration with a microfluidic chip for sensor fabrication and cell detection,compact size,minimal manual handling,ease of fabrication,electrochemical detection capability,and potential for multiplexing together with the detection range make the device particularly advantageous for use in low-resource settings,standing out among other devices described in the literature.This study also investigates the integration of a microfluidic Dean Flow Fractionation(DFF)chip for cell separation.
