The objective of this research is to quantify the EEC （embodied energy/CO2） of a building. The EEC represents the energy consumption and CO2 emissions at individual phases of a building＇s life-cycle, such as constr...The objective of this research is to quantify the EEC （embodied energy/CO2） of a building. The EEC represents the energy consumption and CO2 emissions at individual phases of a building＇s life-cycle, such as construction （including manufacture of materials and equipment）, renewal （including repair work） and demolition. Energy and CO2 emission intensities in terms of 401 sectors were calculated, using the 2005 I-O （input-output） table in Japan. According to our case study conducted from the construction phase to demolition, the EC （embodied CO2） of an office building used for 60 years is 12,044 t-CO2 and 1,093 kg-CO2/m^2 in total. CO2 equivalent emissions （CO2e） by Freon gases, contained in building materials, equipment and devices, were also calculated. As the results, CO2e by insulators was 2% of the building＇s EC and CO2e by refrigerants was 9%-12% of the building＇s EC. It is important to keep reducing emissions of Freon gases contained in refrigerators.展开更多
An improved method is proposed for the extraction of the symmetry energy coefficient relative to the temperature,a_(sym)/T,in the heavy-ion reactions near the Fermi energy region,based on the modified Fisher Model.Thi...An improved method is proposed for the extraction of the symmetry energy coefficient relative to the temperature,a_(sym)/T,in the heavy-ion reactions near the Fermi energy region,based on the modified Fisher Model.This method is applied to the primary fragments of antisymmetrized molecular dynamics(AMD)simulations for ^(46)Fe+^(46)Fe,^(40)Ca+^(40)Ca and ^(48)Ca+^(48)Ca at 35 MeV/nucleon,in order to make direct comparison to the results from the K(N,Z)method of Ono et al.In our improved method,the extracted values of a_(sym)/T increase as the size of isotopes increases whereas,in the K(N,Z)method,the results show rather constant behavior.This increase in our result is attributed to the surface contribution of the symmetry energy in finite nuclei.In order to evaluate the surface contribution,the relation a_(sym)/T=[a_(sym)^((V))(1-k_(S/V) A^(-1/3))]/T is applied and k_(S/V)=1.20~1.25 was extracted.This value is smaller than those extracted from the mass table,reflecting the weakened surface contribution at higher temperature regime.Δμ/T,the difference of the neutron-proton chemical potentials relative to the temperature,is also extracted in this method at the same time.The average values of the extractedΔμ/T,Δμ/T show a linear dependence on the proton-neutron a_(sym)metry parameter of the system,δ_(sys),andΔμ/T=(15.1±0.2)δ_(sys)-(0.5±0.1)is obtained.展开更多
After a century of relative stability in the electricity sector,the widespread adoption of distributed energy resources,along with recent advancements in computing and communication technologies,has fundamentally alte...After a century of relative stability in the electricity sector,the widespread adoption of distributed energy resources,along with recent advancements in computing and communication technologies,has fundamentally altered how energy is consumed,traded,and utilized.This change signifies a crucial shift as the power system evolves from its traditional hierarchical organization to a more decentralized approach.At the heart of this transformation are innovative energy distribution models,like peer-to-peer(P2P)sharing,which enable communities to collaboratively manage their energy resources.The effectiveness of P2P sharing not only improves the economic prospects for prosumers,who generate and consume energy,but also enhances energy resilience and sustainability.This allows communities to better leverage local resources while fostering a sense of collective responsibility and collaboration in energy management.However,there is still no extensive implementation of such sharing models in today’s electricitymarkets.Research on distributed energy P2P trading is still in the exploratory stage,and it is particularly important to comprehensively understand and analyze the existing distributed energy P2P trading market.This paper contributes with an overview of the P2P markets that starts with the network framework,market structure,technical approach for trading mechanism,and blockchain technology,moving to the outlook in this field.展开更多
Carbon emissions resulting from energy consumption have become a pressing issue for governments worldwide.Accurate estimation of carbon emissions using satellite remote sensing data has become a crucial research probl...Carbon emissions resulting from energy consumption have become a pressing issue for governments worldwide.Accurate estimation of carbon emissions using satellite remote sensing data has become a crucial research problem.Previous studies relied on statistical regression models that failed to capture the complex nonlinear relationships between carbon emissions and characteristic variables.In this study,we propose a machine learning algorithm for carbon emissions,a Bayesian optimized XGboost regression model,using multi-year energy carbon emission data and nighttime lights(NTL)remote sensing data from Shaanxi Province,China.Our results demonstrate that the XGboost algorithm outperforms linear regression and four other machine learning models,with an R^(2)of 0.906 and RMSE of 5.687.We observe an annual increase in carbon emissions,with high-emission counties primarily concentrated in northern and central Shaanxi Province,displaying a shift from discrete,sporadic points to contiguous,extended spatial distribution.Spatial autocorrelation clustering reveals predominantly high-high and low-low clustering patterns,with economically developed counties showing high-emission clustering and economically relatively backward counties displaying low-emission clustering.Our findings show that the use of NTL data and the XGboost algorithm can estimate and predict carbon emissionsmore accurately and provide a complementary reference for satellite remote sensing image data to serve carbon emission monitoring and assessment.This research provides an important theoretical basis for formulating practical carbon emission reduction policies and contributes to the development of techniques for accurate carbon emission estimation using remote sensing data.展开更多
With the depletion of fossil fuels and increasing environmental concerns,the development of renewable energy,such as wave energy,has become a critical component of global energy strategies.However,challenges persist i...With the depletion of fossil fuels and increasing environmental concerns,the development of renewable energy,such as wave energy,has become a critical component of global energy strategies.However,challenges persist in the field testing methodologies for wave energy converters(WECs).In this paper,a numerical wave field of the Dawanshan Island Sea Area in Zhuhai City is constructed based on the MIKE21 SW wave model and by using an NCEP wind field driving model.In conjunction with the IEC-62600-100 standard,by taking site testing of the“Wanshan”wave energy converter on which a sea trial has been conducted in Dawanshan Island of Zhuhai city as an example,research on-site testing method for a wave energy converter has been carried out.The wave measurement position for the“Wanshan”converter was determined by combining statistically analyzed field data with a validated numerical wave model.By comparing a valid wave height at the position where a wave rider is located with a valid wave height at the position where the“Wanshan”wave energy converter is situated,the correlation coefficient between simulation and observed data reached 0.90,with a root-mean-square error of 0.19.The representativeness of wave measurement data during site testing is verified and can be used as a basis for calculating the input energy of the“Wanshan”wave energy converter.展开更多
The advancement of planar micro-supercapacitors(PMSCs)for micro-electromechanical systems(MEMS)has been significantly hindered by the challenge of achieving high energy and power densities.This study addresses this is...The advancement of planar micro-supercapacitors(PMSCs)for micro-electromechanical systems(MEMS)has been significantly hindered by the challenge of achieving high energy and power densities.This study addresses this issue by leveraging screen-printing technology to fabricate high-performance PMSCs using innovative composite ink.The ink,a synergistic blend of few-layer graphene(Gt),carbon black(CB),and NiCo_(2)O_(4),was meticulously mixed to form a conductive and robust coating that enhanced the capacitive performance of the PMSCs.The optimized ink formulation and printing process result in a micro-supercapacitor with an exceptional areal capacitance of 18.95 mF/cm^(2)and an areal energy density of 2.63μW·h/cm^(2)at a current density of 0.05 mA/cm^(2),along with an areal power density of 0.025 mW/cm^(2).The devices demonstrated impressive durability with a capacitance retention rate of 94.7%after a stringent 20000-cycle test,demonstrating their potential for long-term applications.Moreover,the PMSCs displayed excellent mechanical flexibility,with a capacitance decrease of only 3.43%after 5000 bending cycles,highlighting their suitability for flexible electronic devices.The ease of integrating these PMSCs into series and parallel configurations for customized power further underscores their practicality for integrated power supply solutions in various technologies.展开更多
The year 2024 marks the tenth anniversary of China’s comprehensive implementation of the new energy security strategy,“Four Revolutions,One Cooperation.”Over the past decade,China has experienced a series of signif...The year 2024 marks the tenth anniversary of China’s comprehensive implementation of the new energy security strategy,“Four Revolutions,One Cooperation.”Over the past decade,China has experienced a series of significant changes in its energy sector,promoting comprehensive reforms in energy consumption patterns and consistently pursuing a cleaner,low-carbon energy structure.The country has accelerated the development of a diverse and clean energy supply system,creating a multifaceted supply network driven by coal,oil,gas,nuclear,and renewable energy sources,and continuously enhancing its energy supply capacity.By leveraging technological innovation as the primary driving force,China has thoroughly deepened energy system reforms to unleash market vitality and has strengthened international cooperation in the energy sector across all dimensions.The construction of a strong energy nation has further advanced,with significantly enhanced security assurance capabilities,effectively supporting and serving the healthy development of the economy and society.To accelerate the development of a new energy system,relevant national departments have introduced a series of industry policies and reform proposals in the energy sector.These initiatives aim to strongly support high-quality energy development by strengthening energy supply security,promoting a green and low-carbon energy transition,enhancing energy utilization efficiency,and improving energy market mechanisms and regulation.展开更多
EHL-2 spherical torus(ST)is one of the key steps of p-^(11)B(proton-boron or hydrogen-boron)fusion energy research in ENN.The fusion produced energy is carried mainly by alpha particles of average energy 3 MeV,which i...EHL-2 spherical torus(ST)is one of the key steps of p-^(11)B(proton-boron or hydrogen-boron)fusion energy research in ENN.The fusion produced energy is carried mainly by alpha particles of average energy 3 MeV,which ideally can be converted to electricity with high efficiency(>80%).However,there exist serious difficulties to realize such conversion in a fusion device,due to the high energy density and high voltage required.To comprehensively describe the progress of the EHL-2 physics design,this work presents preliminary considerations of approaches for achieving energy conversion,highlighting critical issues for further investigation.Specifically,we provide an initial simulation of alpha particle extraction in the EHL-2 ST configuration as a starting point for p-^(11)B fusion energy conversion.展开更多
Typical p-n junctions have emerged as a promising strategy for contending with charge carrier recombination in solar conversion.However,the photo-corrosion and unsuitable energy band positions still hinder their pract...Typical p-n junctions have emerged as a promising strategy for contending with charge carrier recombination in solar conversion.However,the photo-corrosion and unsuitable energy band positions still hinder their practical application for hydrogen production from water in photoelectrochemical systems.Here,an in-situ photo-oxidation method is proposed for achieving self-adapting activation of BiVO_(4)-based photoanodes with surface-encapsulated CuGaS_(2)particles by the ZnO layer.The self-adapting activation demotes the energy band positions of CuGaS_(2),establishing an S-scheme structure with BiVO_(4),resulting in an efficient p-n junction photoanode.The optimal sample exhibits enhanced photocurrent and an onset potential cathodically shifted by~300 mV compared with BiVO_(4),which is attributed to significantly enhanced charge transport and transfer efficiencies.As expected,it attains the highest photocurrent value of 5.87 mA·cm^(-2),aided by a hole scavenger at 1.23 V versus a reversible hydrogen electrode,which significantly surpasses that of BiVO_(4)(4.32 mA·cm^(-2)).展开更多
In this study, we examined variability of sun-related energies, auroral electrojet current, ring current, and magnetopause current during solar cycles 23 and 24. The study revealed a dependence of sun-related energies...In this study, we examined variability of sun-related energies, auroral electrojet current, ring current, and magnetopause current during solar cycles 23 and 24. The study revealed a dependence of sun-related energies to the Sun and Earth currents systems with solar activity from 1996 to 2019. A decrease in the correlation between sun-related energies and sunspot number was observed over solar cycles 23 and 24 (0.88 for the solar cycle 23 and 0.66 for the solar cycle 24), with a drop in the speed of magnetic disturbances in the solar wind. These results could be attributed to the decrease in Sun’s magnetic field toroidal component magnitude induced by a weak in sunspots number and solar flares during the solar cycle 24. A weak in the Earth currents systems (auroral electrojet current, ring current, and magnetopause current) is also observed. During the decrease in the Earth currents, several peaks are observed, indicating a nonlinear dependence in the Earth currents variation (ring current, auroral electrojet current, and magnetopause current) from solar cycle 23 to solar cycle 24. This could be attributed to the Corotating Interaction Regions (CIRs) observed during the declining phase of solar cycle 23 and the deep minimum preceding solar cycle 24.展开更多
On July 9,the launch conference of World Energy Investment Report 2025 was held at Peking University.This conference was co-hosted by the International Energy Agency(IEA)and the Institute of Energy,Peking University a...On July 9,the launch conference of World Energy Investment Report 2025 was held at Peking University.This conference was co-hosted by the International Energy Agency(IEA)and the Institute of Energy,Peking University and the Energy Foundation.Xu Li,First-level Researcher at the Second Division of International Financial Organizations under the Department of International Financial Cooperation of the Ministry of Finance and direct leader of the Ministry of Finance International Financial Research Expert Workshop,Tim Gould,Chief Energy Economist of the International Energy Agency(IEA),and Mr.Zhang Huiyong,Executive Director of International Cooperation at the Energy Foundation,attended the opening ceremony and delivered speeches.Yang Lei,Associate Dean of the Institute of Energy,Peking University,chaired the press conference.展开更多
As an innovative approach to addressing climate change,significant efforts have been dedicated to the development of amine sorbents for CO_(2)capture.However,the high energy requirements and limited lifespan of these ...As an innovative approach to addressing climate change,significant efforts have been dedicated to the development of amine sorbents for CO_(2)capture.However,the high energy requirements and limited lifespan of these sorbents,such as oxidative and water stability,pose significant challenges to their widespread commercial adoption.Moreover,the understanding of the relationship between adsorption energy and adsorption sites is not known.In this work,a dual-bond strategy was used to create novel secondary amine structures by a polyethyleneimine(PEI)network with electron-extracted(EE)amine sites at adjacent sites,thereby weakening the CO_(2)binding energy while maintaining the binding ability.Insitu FT-IR and DFT demonstrated the oxygen-containing functional groups adjacent to the amino group withdraw electrons from the N atom thereby reducing the CO_(2)adsorption capacity of the secondary amine,resulting in lower regeneration energy consumption of 1.39 GJ t^(-1)-CO_(2)In addition,the EE sorbents demonstrated remarkable performance with retention of over 90%of their working capacity after 100 cycles,even under harsh conditions containing 10%O_(2)and 20%H_(2)O.DFT calculations were employed to clarify for the first time the mechanism that the oxygen functional group at the a-site hinders the formation of the urea structure,thereby being an antioxidant.These findings highlight the promising potential of such sorbents for deployment in various CO_(2)emission scenarios,irrespective of environmental conditions.展开更多
Cameroon’s capital Yaoundécame alive on 16 and 17 July as it hosted a major international gathering for the liquefied natural gas(LNG)sector.The event brought together over 1,000 industry professionals and 50 ex...Cameroon’s capital Yaoundécame alive on 16 and 17 July as it hosted a major international gathering for the liquefied natural gas(LNG)sector.The event brought together over 1,000 industry professionals and 50 exhibitors from more than 30 countries including China to address the future of cleaner and more inclusive energy.展开更多
How to achieve low energy consumption and high degradation efficiency(DRE)under mild conditions is an important issue in the field of sulfur hexafluoride(SF_(6))treatment.In this work,a new route of SF_(6)degradation ...How to achieve low energy consumption and high degradation efficiency(DRE)under mild conditions is an important issue in the field of sulfur hexafluoride(SF_(6))treatment.In this work,a new route of SF_(6)degradation promoted by Ni-doped ceria(NiO-CeO_(2))in a packed bed dielectric barrier discharge(PB-DBD)was proposed.The effects of Ni/Ce molar ratio,input power,SF_(6)concentration and flow rate on the DRE of SF_(6)were investigated.Compared with DBD or CeO_(2)-DBD alone,the combination of DBD and NiO-CeO_(2)can significantly promote the SF_(6)degradation at lower input power.The experimental results show that when the dosage of catalyst 1.5NiO-CeO_(2)(Ni/Ce mole ratio is 1.5%)is 5 g,DBD input power is 50 W and SF_(6)(1.5%SF_(6)/98.5%Ar)flow rate is 100 ml·min-1,the highest DRE can reach 97.7%and the energy yield can reach 11.5 g·(kW·h)-1.Adjusting the catalyst dosage according to the flux of SF_(6)(e.g.,using 10 g catalyst to degrade SF_(6)with a concentration of 1.5%and a flow rate of 80 ml·min-1),the DRE of nearly 99%can be achieved for a long time,which is crucial for industrial application.The mechanism deduction shows that the rich surface and mesopores of the catalyst are beneficial to the adsorption of SF_(6)and intermediates,while the doping of Ni can significantly increase the content of oxygen vacancies to improve the degradation.Meanwhile,when NiO-CeO_(2)is activated by DBD,the free O·can further promote the degradation.It is this coupling effect that leads to the high efficiency and low energy consumption of SF_(6)degradation under mild conditions.It can be expected that this coupling technology route will have a good application prospect in the field of SF_(6)treatment.展开更多
The energy sector is pivotal in Vietnam’s commitment to achieving net-zero emissions by 2050.This study employs a combination of Structural Decomposition Analysis(SDA)and decoupling approaches based on data from Viet...The energy sector is pivotal in Vietnam’s commitment to achieving net-zero emissions by 2050.This study employs a combination of Structural Decomposition Analysis(SDA)and decoupling approaches based on data from Vietnam’s energy statistics and the Vietnam Living Standards Survey(VHLSS)for 2016,2018,and 2020.The primary aim is to elucidate the effects of direct energy consumption by household groups on CO_(2)emissions,examine factors affecting emissions,and clarify the relationship between CO_(2)emissions from household energy consumption and economic growth in Vietnam.Research results underscore that household groups make considerable use of electricity and Liquefied Petroleum Gas(LPG),simultaneously reducing the proportion of firewood,rice husk,sawdust,agricultural by-products and other fuels.The decrease in energy intensity emerges as the primary factor in lowering household emissions,while population growth and economic efficiency exert the opposite effect.Additionally,the research reveals disparities in emissions between urban and rural areas,similarly among household groups within the given location.Despite maintaining a robust decoupling status between emissions from household consumption and economic growth,unsustainable risks persist,particularly with the increase in electricity demand.The study also highlights the uneven impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on CO_(2)emissions across household groups.Drawing upon these findings,several recommendations are proposed to control CO_(2)emissions from direct energy household consumption to facilitate the most effective household decarbonisation process while ensuring sustainable economic growth in Vietnam.展开更多
At the forthcoming IGATEX textile machinery exhibition inKarachi,Pakistan,from April 24-26,Monforts will highlight thebenefits of its latest Universal Energy Tower.This stand-aloneair/air heat exchanger module enables...At the forthcoming IGATEX textile machinery exhibition inKarachi,Pakistan,from April 24-26,Monforts will highlight thebenefits of its latest Universal Energy Tower.This stand-aloneair/air heat exchanger module enables recovery of the heatfrom the exhaust air flow of thermal systems such as existingstenters and THERMEX dyeing ranges with infrared predriers,resulting in energy savings of up to 25%,depending on the ex-haust air volume and operating temperature.展开更多
Photoelectrochemical water oxidation(PEC-WO)as a green and sustainable route to produce H_(2)O_(2)has attracted extensive attentions.However,water oxidation to H_(2)O_(2)via a 2e^(-) pathway is thermodynamically more ...Photoelectrochemical water oxidation(PEC-WO)as a green and sustainable route to produce H_(2)O_(2)has attracted extensive attentions.However,water oxidation to H_(2)O_(2)via a 2e^(-) pathway is thermodynamically more difficult than to O_(2)via a 4e^(-)pathway.Herein,with a series of BiVO_(4)-based photoanodes,the decisive factors determining the PEC activity and selectivity are elucidated,combining a comprehensive experimental and theoretical investigations.It is discovered that the ZnO/BiVO_(4)photoanode(ZnO/BVO)forms a Type-Ⅱheterojunction in energy level alignment.The accelerated photogenerated charge separation/transfer dynamics generates denser surface holes and higher surface photovoltage.Therefore,the activity of water oxidation reaction is promoted.The selectivity of PEC-WO to H_(2)O_(2)is found to be potential-dependent,i.e.,at the lower potentials(PEC-dominated),surface hole density determines the selectivity;and at the higher potentials(electrochemical-dominated),surface reaction barriers govern the selectivity.For the ZnO/BVO heterojunction photoanode,the higher surface hole density facilitates the generation of OH·and the subsequent OH·/OH·coupling to form H_(2)O_(2),thus rising up with potentials;at the higher potentials,the 2-electron pathway barrier over ZnO/BVO surface is lower than over BVO surface,which benefits from the electronic structure regulation by the underlying ZnO alleviating the over-strong adsorption of^(*)OH on BVO,thus,the two-electron pathway to produce H_(2)O_(2)is more favored than on BVO surface.This work highlights the crucial role of band energy structure of semiconductors on both PEC reaction activity and selectivity,and the knowledge gained is expected to be extended to other photoeletrochemical reactions.展开更多
Geothermal energy piles(GEPs)buried into the deep underground are typically integrated with the circulating pipe inside the piles,where the most common heat transfer fluid(HTF)is water.Liquified carbon dioxide(CO_(2))...Geothermal energy piles(GEPs)buried into the deep underground are typically integrated with the circulating pipe inside the piles,where the most common heat transfer fluid(HTF)is water.Liquified carbon dioxide(CO_(2)),as an alternative HTF to water,is more energy-saving by its density difference and circulation in exothermic and endothermic processes,and has a more extensive application for its usability below zero degrees Celsius.In this study,thermal performances of CO_(2)and H2O in 10-h-long daily operation time in the GEP system are modelled using a finite element method(FEM).Isolated influences of temperatures and pressures on HTF performances in a small-scale single-layer tube embedded in field-scale soils are investigated.The Ragone plot,with the Péclet number of HIF being the key indicator,is introduced to evaluate such performances.The results quantitatively show that CO_(2)and water in GEPs have a comparable heat extraction rate;although GEPs circulated with CO_(2)consume a lower average power,a higher accumulatively extracted energy than water is encountered when operated under a similar Péclet number.It is also found that,to acquire the same system power efficiency,CO_(2)-GEP could respectively reach up to 4 times the power efficiency and 10 times the energy density than those of water.展开更多
Synaptic nano-devices have powerful capabilities in logic,memory and learning,making them essential compo-nents for constructing brain-like neuromorphic computing systems.Here,we have successfully developed and demons...Synaptic nano-devices have powerful capabilities in logic,memory and learning,making them essential compo-nents for constructing brain-like neuromorphic computing systems.Here,we have successfully developed and demonstrated a synaptic nano-device based on Ga_(2)O_(3) nanowires with low energy consumption.Under 255 nm light stimulation,the biomimetic synaptic nano-device can stimulate various functionalities of biological synapses,including pulse facilitation,peak time-dependent plasticity and memory learning ability.It is found that the artificial synaptic device based on Ga_(2)O_(3) nanowires can achieve an excellent"learning-forgetting-relearning"functionality.The transition from short-term memory to long-term memory and retention of the memory level after the stepwise learning can attribute to the great relearning functionality of Ga_(2)O_(3) nanowires.Furthermore,the energy consumption of the synaptic nano-device can be lower than 2.39×10^(-11) J for a synaptic event.Moreover,our device demonstrates exceptional stability in long-term stimulation and storage.In the applica-tion of neural morphological computation,the accuracy of digit recognition exceeds 90%after 12 training sessions,indicating the strong learning capability of the cognitive system composed of this synaptic nano-device.Therefore,our work paves an effective way for advancing hardware-based neural morphological computation and artificial intelligence systems requiring low power consumption.展开更多
Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2(TREM2)-mediated microglial phagocytosis is an energy-intensive process that plays a crucial role in amyloid beta(Aβ)clearance in Alzheimer’s disease(AD).Energy metabo...Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2(TREM2)-mediated microglial phagocytosis is an energy-intensive process that plays a crucial role in amyloid beta(Aβ)clearance in Alzheimer’s disease(AD).Energy metabolic reprogramming(EMR)in microglia induced by TREM2 presents therapeutic targets for cognitive impairment in AD.Jiawei Xionggui Decoction(JWXG)has demonstrated effectiveness in enhancing energy supply,protecting microglia,and mitigating cognitive impairment in APP/PS1 mice.However,the mechanism by which JWXG enhances Aβphagocytosis through TREM2-mediated EMR in microglia remains unclear.This study investigates how JWXG facilitates microglial phagocytosis and alleviates cognitive deficits in AD through TREM2-mediated EMR.Microglial phagocytosis was evaluated through immunofluorescence staining in vitro and in vivo.The EMR level of microglia was assessed using high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)kits.The TREM2/protein kinase B(Akt)/mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR)/hypoxia-inducible factor-1α(HIF-1α)signaling pathway was analyzed using Western blotting in BV_(2) cells.TREM2^(−/−)BV_(2) cells were utilized for reverse validation experiments.The Aβburden,neuropathological features,and cognitive ability in APP/PS1 mice were evaluated using ELISA kits,immunohistochemistry(IHC),and the Morris water maze(MWM)test.JWXG enhanced both the phagocytosis of EMR disorder-BV_(2) cells(EMRD-BV_(2))and increased EMR levels.Notably,these effects were significantly reversed in TREM2^(−/−)BV_(2) cells.JWXG elevated TREM2 expression,adenosine triphosphate(ATP)levels,and microglial phagocytosis in APP/PS1 mice.Additionally,JWXG reduced Aβ-burden,neuropathological lesions,and cognitive deficits in APP/PS1 mice.In conclusion,JWXG promoted TREM2-induced EMR and enhanced microglial phagocytosis,thereby reducing Aβdeposition,improving neuropathological lesions,and alleviating cognitive deficits.展开更多
文摘The objective of this research is to quantify the EEC （embodied energy/CO2） of a building. The EEC represents the energy consumption and CO2 emissions at individual phases of a building＇s life-cycle, such as construction （including manufacture of materials and equipment）, renewal （including repair work） and demolition. Energy and CO2 emission intensities in terms of 401 sectors were calculated, using the 2005 I-O （input-output） table in Japan. According to our case study conducted from the construction phase to demolition, the EC （embodied CO2） of an office building used for 60 years is 12,044 t-CO2 and 1,093 kg-CO2/m^2 in total. CO2 equivalent emissions （CO2e） by Freon gases, contained in building materials, equipment and devices, were also calculated. As the results, CO2e by insulators was 2% of the building＇s EC and CO2e by refrigerants was 9%-12% of the building＇s EC. It is important to keep reducing emissions of Freon gases contained in refrigerators.
文摘An improved method is proposed for the extraction of the symmetry energy coefficient relative to the temperature,a_(sym)/T,in the heavy-ion reactions near the Fermi energy region,based on the modified Fisher Model.This method is applied to the primary fragments of antisymmetrized molecular dynamics(AMD)simulations for ^(46)Fe+^(46)Fe,^(40)Ca+^(40)Ca and ^(48)Ca+^(48)Ca at 35 MeV/nucleon,in order to make direct comparison to the results from the K(N,Z)method of Ono et al.In our improved method,the extracted values of a_(sym)/T increase as the size of isotopes increases whereas,in the K(N,Z)method,the results show rather constant behavior.This increase in our result is attributed to the surface contribution of the symmetry energy in finite nuclei.In order to evaluate the surface contribution,the relation a_(sym)/T=[a_(sym)^((V))(1-k_(S/V) A^(-1/3))]/T is applied and k_(S/V)=1.20~1.25 was extracted.This value is smaller than those extracted from the mass table,reflecting the weakened surface contribution at higher temperature regime.Δμ/T,the difference of the neutron-proton chemical potentials relative to the temperature,is also extracted in this method at the same time.The average values of the extractedΔμ/T,Δμ/T show a linear dependence on the proton-neutron a_(sym)metry parameter of the system,δ_(sys),andΔμ/T=(15.1±0.2)δ_(sys)-(0.5±0.1)is obtained.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52167013)the Key Program of Natural Science Foundation of Gansu Province(24JRRA225)Natural Science Foundation of Gansu Province(23JRRA891).
文摘After a century of relative stability in the electricity sector,the widespread adoption of distributed energy resources,along with recent advancements in computing and communication technologies,has fundamentally altered how energy is consumed,traded,and utilized.This change signifies a crucial shift as the power system evolves from its traditional hierarchical organization to a more decentralized approach.At the heart of this transformation are innovative energy distribution models,like peer-to-peer(P2P)sharing,which enable communities to collaboratively manage their energy resources.The effectiveness of P2P sharing not only improves the economic prospects for prosumers,who generate and consume energy,but also enhances energy resilience and sustainability.This allows communities to better leverage local resources while fostering a sense of collective responsibility and collaboration in energy management.However,there is still no extensive implementation of such sharing models in today’s electricitymarkets.Research on distributed energy P2P trading is still in the exploratory stage,and it is particularly important to comprehensively understand and analyze the existing distributed energy P2P trading market.This paper contributes with an overview of the P2P markets that starts with the network framework,market structure,technical approach for trading mechanism,and blockchain technology,moving to the outlook in this field.
基金supported by the Key Research and Development Program in Shaanxi Province,China(No.2022ZDLSF07-05)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,CHD(No.300102352901)。
文摘Carbon emissions resulting from energy consumption have become a pressing issue for governments worldwide.Accurate estimation of carbon emissions using satellite remote sensing data has become a crucial research problem.Previous studies relied on statistical regression models that failed to capture the complex nonlinear relationships between carbon emissions and characteristic variables.In this study,we propose a machine learning algorithm for carbon emissions,a Bayesian optimized XGboost regression model,using multi-year energy carbon emission data and nighttime lights(NTL)remote sensing data from Shaanxi Province,China.Our results demonstrate that the XGboost algorithm outperforms linear regression and four other machine learning models,with an R^(2)of 0.906 and RMSE of 5.687.We observe an annual increase in carbon emissions,with high-emission counties primarily concentrated in northern and central Shaanxi Province,displaying a shift from discrete,sporadic points to contiguous,extended spatial distribution.Spatial autocorrelation clustering reveals predominantly high-high and low-low clustering patterns,with economically developed counties showing high-emission clustering and economically relatively backward counties displaying low-emission clustering.Our findings show that the use of NTL data and the XGboost algorithm can estimate and predict carbon emissionsmore accurately and provide a complementary reference for satellite remote sensing image data to serve carbon emission monitoring and assessment.This research provides an important theoretical basis for formulating practical carbon emission reduction policies and contributes to the development of techniques for accurate carbon emission estimation using remote sensing data.
基金supported by the“National Ocean Technology Center Innovation Fund”under Project No.N3220Z002,led by Ning Jia.The official website of the National Ocean Technology Center is accessible at:http://www.notcsoa.org.cn/.
文摘With the depletion of fossil fuels and increasing environmental concerns,the development of renewable energy,such as wave energy,has become a critical component of global energy strategies.However,challenges persist in the field testing methodologies for wave energy converters(WECs).In this paper,a numerical wave field of the Dawanshan Island Sea Area in Zhuhai City is constructed based on the MIKE21 SW wave model and by using an NCEP wind field driving model.In conjunction with the IEC-62600-100 standard,by taking site testing of the“Wanshan”wave energy converter on which a sea trial has been conducted in Dawanshan Island of Zhuhai city as an example,research on-site testing method for a wave energy converter has been carried out.The wave measurement position for the“Wanshan”converter was determined by combining statistically analyzed field data with a validated numerical wave model.By comparing a valid wave height at the position where a wave rider is located with a valid wave height at the position where the“Wanshan”wave energy converter is situated,the correlation coefficient between simulation and observed data reached 0.90,with a root-mean-square error of 0.19.The representativeness of wave measurement data during site testing is verified and can be used as a basis for calculating the input energy of the“Wanshan”wave energy converter.
基金supported by the Shanxi Province Central Guidance Fund for Local Science and Technology Development Project(YDZJSX2024D030)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22075197,22278290)+2 种基金the Shanxi Province Key Research and Development Program Project(2021020660301013)the Shanxi Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(202103021224079)the Research and Development Project of Key Core and Common Technology of Shanxi Province(20201102018).
文摘The advancement of planar micro-supercapacitors(PMSCs)for micro-electromechanical systems(MEMS)has been significantly hindered by the challenge of achieving high energy and power densities.This study addresses this issue by leveraging screen-printing technology to fabricate high-performance PMSCs using innovative composite ink.The ink,a synergistic blend of few-layer graphene(Gt),carbon black(CB),and NiCo_(2)O_(4),was meticulously mixed to form a conductive and robust coating that enhanced the capacitive performance of the PMSCs.The optimized ink formulation and printing process result in a micro-supercapacitor with an exceptional areal capacitance of 18.95 mF/cm^(2)and an areal energy density of 2.63μW·h/cm^(2)at a current density of 0.05 mA/cm^(2),along with an areal power density of 0.025 mW/cm^(2).The devices demonstrated impressive durability with a capacitance retention rate of 94.7%after a stringent 20000-cycle test,demonstrating their potential for long-term applications.Moreover,the PMSCs displayed excellent mechanical flexibility,with a capacitance decrease of only 3.43%after 5000 bending cycles,highlighting their suitability for flexible electronic devices.The ease of integrating these PMSCs into series and parallel configurations for customized power further underscores their practicality for integrated power supply solutions in various technologies.
文摘The year 2024 marks the tenth anniversary of China’s comprehensive implementation of the new energy security strategy,“Four Revolutions,One Cooperation.”Over the past decade,China has experienced a series of significant changes in its energy sector,promoting comprehensive reforms in energy consumption patterns and consistently pursuing a cleaner,low-carbon energy structure.The country has accelerated the development of a diverse and clean energy supply system,creating a multifaceted supply network driven by coal,oil,gas,nuclear,and renewable energy sources,and continuously enhancing its energy supply capacity.By leveraging technological innovation as the primary driving force,China has thoroughly deepened energy system reforms to unleash market vitality and has strengthened international cooperation in the energy sector across all dimensions.The construction of a strong energy nation has further advanced,with significantly enhanced security assurance capabilities,effectively supporting and serving the healthy development of the economy and society.To accelerate the development of a new energy system,relevant national departments have introduced a series of industry policies and reform proposals in the energy sector.These initiatives aim to strongly support high-quality energy development by strengthening energy supply security,promoting a green and low-carbon energy transition,enhancing energy utilization efficiency,and improving energy market mechanisms and regulation.
文摘EHL-2 spherical torus(ST)is one of the key steps of p-^(11)B(proton-boron or hydrogen-boron)fusion energy research in ENN.The fusion produced energy is carried mainly by alpha particles of average energy 3 MeV,which ideally can be converted to electricity with high efficiency(>80%).However,there exist serious difficulties to realize such conversion in a fusion device,due to the high energy density and high voltage required.To comprehensively describe the progress of the EHL-2 physics design,this work presents preliminary considerations of approaches for achieving energy conversion,highlighting critical issues for further investigation.Specifically,we provide an initial simulation of alpha particle extraction in the EHL-2 ST configuration as a starting point for p-^(11)B fusion energy conversion.
基金supported by the open fund from Key Lab of Eco-restoration of Regional Contaminated Environment(Shenyang University),Ministry of Education(No.KF-22-08)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22003074 and 42177406)+1 种基金the Youth Innovation Promotion Association CAS,Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(No.2023A1515011410)S.Liu gratefully acknowledges the financial support by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52302223).
文摘Typical p-n junctions have emerged as a promising strategy for contending with charge carrier recombination in solar conversion.However,the photo-corrosion and unsuitable energy band positions still hinder their practical application for hydrogen production from water in photoelectrochemical systems.Here,an in-situ photo-oxidation method is proposed for achieving self-adapting activation of BiVO_(4)-based photoanodes with surface-encapsulated CuGaS_(2)particles by the ZnO layer.The self-adapting activation demotes the energy band positions of CuGaS_(2),establishing an S-scheme structure with BiVO_(4),resulting in an efficient p-n junction photoanode.The optimal sample exhibits enhanced photocurrent and an onset potential cathodically shifted by~300 mV compared with BiVO_(4),which is attributed to significantly enhanced charge transport and transfer efficiencies.As expected,it attains the highest photocurrent value of 5.87 mA·cm^(-2),aided by a hole scavenger at 1.23 V versus a reversible hydrogen electrode,which significantly surpasses that of BiVO_(4)(4.32 mA·cm^(-2)).
文摘In this study, we examined variability of sun-related energies, auroral electrojet current, ring current, and magnetopause current during solar cycles 23 and 24. The study revealed a dependence of sun-related energies to the Sun and Earth currents systems with solar activity from 1996 to 2019. A decrease in the correlation between sun-related energies and sunspot number was observed over solar cycles 23 and 24 (0.88 for the solar cycle 23 and 0.66 for the solar cycle 24), with a drop in the speed of magnetic disturbances in the solar wind. These results could be attributed to the decrease in Sun’s magnetic field toroidal component magnitude induced by a weak in sunspots number and solar flares during the solar cycle 24. A weak in the Earth currents systems (auroral electrojet current, ring current, and magnetopause current) is also observed. During the decrease in the Earth currents, several peaks are observed, indicating a nonlinear dependence in the Earth currents variation (ring current, auroral electrojet current, and magnetopause current) from solar cycle 23 to solar cycle 24. This could be attributed to the Corotating Interaction Regions (CIRs) observed during the declining phase of solar cycle 23 and the deep minimum preceding solar cycle 24.
文摘On July 9,the launch conference of World Energy Investment Report 2025 was held at Peking University.This conference was co-hosted by the International Energy Agency(IEA)and the Institute of Energy,Peking University and the Energy Foundation.Xu Li,First-level Researcher at the Second Division of International Financial Organizations under the Department of International Financial Cooperation of the Ministry of Finance and direct leader of the Ministry of Finance International Financial Research Expert Workshop,Tim Gould,Chief Energy Economist of the International Energy Agency(IEA),and Mr.Zhang Huiyong,Executive Director of International Cooperation at the Energy Foundation,attended the opening ceremony and delivered speeches.Yang Lei,Associate Dean of the Institute of Energy,Peking University,chaired the press conference.
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22378184,22378183)。
文摘As an innovative approach to addressing climate change,significant efforts have been dedicated to the development of amine sorbents for CO_(2)capture.However,the high energy requirements and limited lifespan of these sorbents,such as oxidative and water stability,pose significant challenges to their widespread commercial adoption.Moreover,the understanding of the relationship between adsorption energy and adsorption sites is not known.In this work,a dual-bond strategy was used to create novel secondary amine structures by a polyethyleneimine(PEI)network with electron-extracted(EE)amine sites at adjacent sites,thereby weakening the CO_(2)binding energy while maintaining the binding ability.Insitu FT-IR and DFT demonstrated the oxygen-containing functional groups adjacent to the amino group withdraw electrons from the N atom thereby reducing the CO_(2)adsorption capacity of the secondary amine,resulting in lower regeneration energy consumption of 1.39 GJ t^(-1)-CO_(2)In addition,the EE sorbents demonstrated remarkable performance with retention of over 90%of their working capacity after 100 cycles,even under harsh conditions containing 10%O_(2)and 20%H_(2)O.DFT calculations were employed to clarify for the first time the mechanism that the oxygen functional group at the a-site hinders the formation of the urea structure,thereby being an antioxidant.These findings highlight the promising potential of such sorbents for deployment in various CO_(2)emission scenarios,irrespective of environmental conditions.
文摘Cameroon’s capital Yaoundécame alive on 16 and 17 July as it hosted a major international gathering for the liquefied natural gas(LNG)sector.The event brought together over 1,000 industry professionals and 50 exhibitors from more than 30 countries including China to address the future of cleaner and more inclusive energy.
基金financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U23A20105).
文摘How to achieve low energy consumption and high degradation efficiency(DRE)under mild conditions is an important issue in the field of sulfur hexafluoride(SF_(6))treatment.In this work,a new route of SF_(6)degradation promoted by Ni-doped ceria(NiO-CeO_(2))in a packed bed dielectric barrier discharge(PB-DBD)was proposed.The effects of Ni/Ce molar ratio,input power,SF_(6)concentration and flow rate on the DRE of SF_(6)were investigated.Compared with DBD or CeO_(2)-DBD alone,the combination of DBD and NiO-CeO_(2)can significantly promote the SF_(6)degradation at lower input power.The experimental results show that when the dosage of catalyst 1.5NiO-CeO_(2)(Ni/Ce mole ratio is 1.5%)is 5 g,DBD input power is 50 W and SF_(6)(1.5%SF_(6)/98.5%Ar)flow rate is 100 ml·min-1,the highest DRE can reach 97.7%and the energy yield can reach 11.5 g·(kW·h)-1.Adjusting the catalyst dosage according to the flux of SF_(6)(e.g.,using 10 g catalyst to degrade SF_(6)with a concentration of 1.5%and a flow rate of 80 ml·min-1),the DRE of nearly 99%can be achieved for a long time,which is crucial for industrial application.The mechanism deduction shows that the rich surface and mesopores of the catalyst are beneficial to the adsorption of SF_(6)and intermediates,while the doping of Ni can significantly increase the content of oxygen vacancies to improve the degradation.Meanwhile,when NiO-CeO_(2)is activated by DBD,the free O·can further promote the degradation.It is this coupling effect that leads to the high efficiency and low energy consumption of SF_(6)degradation under mild conditions.It can be expected that this coupling technology route will have a good application prospect in the field of SF_(6)treatment.
基金the Funds for Science and Technology Development of the Ministry of Education and Training,Vietnam(grant number B2023-DNA-21).
文摘The energy sector is pivotal in Vietnam’s commitment to achieving net-zero emissions by 2050.This study employs a combination of Structural Decomposition Analysis(SDA)and decoupling approaches based on data from Vietnam’s energy statistics and the Vietnam Living Standards Survey(VHLSS)for 2016,2018,and 2020.The primary aim is to elucidate the effects of direct energy consumption by household groups on CO_(2)emissions,examine factors affecting emissions,and clarify the relationship between CO_(2)emissions from household energy consumption and economic growth in Vietnam.Research results underscore that household groups make considerable use of electricity and Liquefied Petroleum Gas(LPG),simultaneously reducing the proportion of firewood,rice husk,sawdust,agricultural by-products and other fuels.The decrease in energy intensity emerges as the primary factor in lowering household emissions,while population growth and economic efficiency exert the opposite effect.Additionally,the research reveals disparities in emissions between urban and rural areas,similarly among household groups within the given location.Despite maintaining a robust decoupling status between emissions from household consumption and economic growth,unsustainable risks persist,particularly with the increase in electricity demand.The study also highlights the uneven impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on CO_(2)emissions across household groups.Drawing upon these findings,several recommendations are proposed to control CO_(2)emissions from direct energy household consumption to facilitate the most effective household decarbonisation process while ensuring sustainable economic growth in Vietnam.
文摘At the forthcoming IGATEX textile machinery exhibition inKarachi,Pakistan,from April 24-26,Monforts will highlight thebenefits of its latest Universal Energy Tower.This stand-aloneair/air heat exchanger module enables recovery of the heatfrom the exhaust air flow of thermal systems such as existingstenters and THERMEX dyeing ranges with infrared predriers,resulting in energy savings of up to 25%,depending on the ex-haust air volume and operating temperature.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22478211,22179067,22372017)the Major Fundamental Research Program of Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(ZR2022ZD10)。
文摘Photoelectrochemical water oxidation(PEC-WO)as a green and sustainable route to produce H_(2)O_(2)has attracted extensive attentions.However,water oxidation to H_(2)O_(2)via a 2e^(-) pathway is thermodynamically more difficult than to O_(2)via a 4e^(-)pathway.Herein,with a series of BiVO_(4)-based photoanodes,the decisive factors determining the PEC activity and selectivity are elucidated,combining a comprehensive experimental and theoretical investigations.It is discovered that the ZnO/BiVO_(4)photoanode(ZnO/BVO)forms a Type-Ⅱheterojunction in energy level alignment.The accelerated photogenerated charge separation/transfer dynamics generates denser surface holes and higher surface photovoltage.Therefore,the activity of water oxidation reaction is promoted.The selectivity of PEC-WO to H_(2)O_(2)is found to be potential-dependent,i.e.,at the lower potentials(PEC-dominated),surface hole density determines the selectivity;and at the higher potentials(electrochemical-dominated),surface reaction barriers govern the selectivity.For the ZnO/BVO heterojunction photoanode,the higher surface hole density facilitates the generation of OH·and the subsequent OH·/OH·coupling to form H_(2)O_(2),thus rising up with potentials;at the higher potentials,the 2-electron pathway barrier over ZnO/BVO surface is lower than over BVO surface,which benefits from the electronic structure regulation by the underlying ZnO alleviating the over-strong adsorption of^(*)OH on BVO,thus,the two-electron pathway to produce H_(2)O_(2)is more favored than on BVO surface.This work highlights the crucial role of band energy structure of semiconductors on both PEC reaction activity and selectivity,and the knowledge gained is expected to be extended to other photoeletrochemical reactions.
文摘Geothermal energy piles(GEPs)buried into the deep underground are typically integrated with the circulating pipe inside the piles,where the most common heat transfer fluid(HTF)is water.Liquified carbon dioxide(CO_(2)),as an alternative HTF to water,is more energy-saving by its density difference and circulation in exothermic and endothermic processes,and has a more extensive application for its usability below zero degrees Celsius.In this study,thermal performances of CO_(2)and H2O in 10-h-long daily operation time in the GEP system are modelled using a finite element method(FEM).Isolated influences of temperatures and pressures on HTF performances in a small-scale single-layer tube embedded in field-scale soils are investigated.The Ragone plot,with the Péclet number of HIF being the key indicator,is introduced to evaluate such performances.The results quantitatively show that CO_(2)and water in GEPs have a comparable heat extraction rate;although GEPs circulated with CO_(2)consume a lower average power,a higher accumulatively extracted energy than water is encountered when operated under a similar Péclet number.It is also found that,to acquire the same system power efficiency,CO_(2)-GEP could respectively reach up to 4 times the power efficiency and 10 times the energy density than those of water.
基金financially supported by the Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences,CAS (No. ZDBS-LYJSC034)National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.62174172)+2 种基金China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (Nos.2023TQ0238 and 2023M742560)Basic Research Pilot Project of Suzhou (No. SSD2024003)Jiangsu Key Disciplines of the Fourteenth Five-Year Plan (No. 2021135)
文摘Synaptic nano-devices have powerful capabilities in logic,memory and learning,making them essential compo-nents for constructing brain-like neuromorphic computing systems.Here,we have successfully developed and demonstrated a synaptic nano-device based on Ga_(2)O_(3) nanowires with low energy consumption.Under 255 nm light stimulation,the biomimetic synaptic nano-device can stimulate various functionalities of biological synapses,including pulse facilitation,peak time-dependent plasticity and memory learning ability.It is found that the artificial synaptic device based on Ga_(2)O_(3) nanowires can achieve an excellent"learning-forgetting-relearning"functionality.The transition from short-term memory to long-term memory and retention of the memory level after the stepwise learning can attribute to the great relearning functionality of Ga_(2)O_(3) nanowires.Furthermore,the energy consumption of the synaptic nano-device can be lower than 2.39×10^(-11) J for a synaptic event.Moreover,our device demonstrates exceptional stability in long-term stimulation and storage.In the applica-tion of neural morphological computation,the accuracy of digit recognition exceeds 90%after 12 training sessions,indicating the strong learning capability of the cognitive system composed of this synaptic nano-device.Therefore,our work paves an effective way for advancing hardware-based neural morphological computation and artificial intelligence systems requiring low power consumption.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.82074150 and 82274240)the Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province(No.2023NSFSC1779).
文摘Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2(TREM2)-mediated microglial phagocytosis is an energy-intensive process that plays a crucial role in amyloid beta(Aβ)clearance in Alzheimer’s disease(AD).Energy metabolic reprogramming(EMR)in microglia induced by TREM2 presents therapeutic targets for cognitive impairment in AD.Jiawei Xionggui Decoction(JWXG)has demonstrated effectiveness in enhancing energy supply,protecting microglia,and mitigating cognitive impairment in APP/PS1 mice.However,the mechanism by which JWXG enhances Aβphagocytosis through TREM2-mediated EMR in microglia remains unclear.This study investigates how JWXG facilitates microglial phagocytosis and alleviates cognitive deficits in AD through TREM2-mediated EMR.Microglial phagocytosis was evaluated through immunofluorescence staining in vitro and in vivo.The EMR level of microglia was assessed using high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)kits.The TREM2/protein kinase B(Akt)/mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR)/hypoxia-inducible factor-1α(HIF-1α)signaling pathway was analyzed using Western blotting in BV_(2) cells.TREM2^(−/−)BV_(2) cells were utilized for reverse validation experiments.The Aβburden,neuropathological features,and cognitive ability in APP/PS1 mice were evaluated using ELISA kits,immunohistochemistry(IHC),and the Morris water maze(MWM)test.JWXG enhanced both the phagocytosis of EMR disorder-BV_(2) cells(EMRD-BV_(2))and increased EMR levels.Notably,these effects were significantly reversed in TREM2^(−/−)BV_(2) cells.JWXG elevated TREM2 expression,adenosine triphosphate(ATP)levels,and microglial phagocytosis in APP/PS1 mice.Additionally,JWXG reduced Aβ-burden,neuropathological lesions,and cognitive deficits in APP/PS1 mice.In conclusion,JWXG promoted TREM2-induced EMR and enhanced microglial phagocytosis,thereby reducing Aβdeposition,improving neuropathological lesions,and alleviating cognitive deficits.
