For a full and accurate understanding of the position and role of natural gas in China's energy revolution and providing a decision-making reference for the scientific establishment of natural gas development stra...For a full and accurate understanding of the position and role of natural gas in China's energy revolution and providing a decision-making reference for the scientific establishment of natural gas development strategies and the deepening of the energy revolution,this paper analyzed the role of natural gas in guiding the energy revolution in China and points out the main direction of natural gas utilization in the SichuaneChongqing gas province which takes the lead in China's natural gas industry.The study provides the following findings.First,with a huge space for development,natural gas will play an important role in China's third energy revolution.Second,natural gas resources are abundant and have a huge potential for development in China.Third,natural gas can be used for a large range of purposes in the Sichuane Chongqing gas province.In addition to be used as city gas,natural gas can also be used for industrial fuel mainly as a substitute for coal,transportation,distributed energy,peak-shaving power generation,and high-end natural gas chemical raw materials.Some conclusions are made.First,as the cleanest fossil energy and the best fuel,natural gas will play an irreplaceable role in China's third energy revolution in the 21st century.Second,the SichuaneChongqing gas province is rich in natural gas,hydropower and other renewable resources.By 2020,it will become the largest gas production province in China,with natural gas production over 550×108 m^(3).By 2030,driven by the rapid development of shale gas,gas production in the province is expected to exceed 800×108 m^(3).Third,the SichuaneChongqing gas province is likely to become the leader in China's third energy revolution.展开更多
This paper aims to predict the future situation of global energy development.In view of this,we reviewed the history of energy use and understood that new energy sources will usher in a new era following oil&gas,c...This paper aims to predict the future situation of global energy development.In view of this,we reviewed the history of energy use and understood that new energy sources will usher in a new era following oil&gas,coal and wood one after another in the past time.Although the fossil energy sources are still plenty in the world,great breakthroughs made in some key technologies and the increasing demand for ecological environmental protection both impel the third time of transformation from oil&gas to new energy sources.Sooner or later,oil,gas,coal and new energy sources will each account for a quarter of global energy consumption in the new era,specifically speaking,ac-counting for 32.6%,23.7%,30.0%and 13.7%respectively.As one of the largest coal consumer,China will inevitably face up to the situation of tripartite confrontation of the coal,oil&gas and new energy.The following forecasting results were achieved.First,the oil will be in a stable period and its annual production peak will be around 2040,reaching up to 45×10^(8)t.Second,the natural gas will enter the heyday period and its annual production peak will be around 2060,reaching up to 4.5×10^(12)m^(3),which will play a pivotal role in the future energy sustainable development.Third,the coal has entered a high-to-low-carbon transition period,and its direct use and the discharged pollutants will be significantly reduced.In 2050,the coal will be dropped to 25%of the primary energy mix.Last,the development and utilization of new energy sources has been getting into the golden age and its proportion in the primary energy mix will be substantially enhanced.On this basis,we presented some proposals for the future energy development in China.At first,we should understand well that China's energy production and consumption has its own characteristics.Under the present situation,we should strengthen the clean and efficient use of coal resources,which is the key to solving our energy and environmental issues.Then,under the low oil price circumstance,we should keep 200 million tons of annual oil production as“the bottom line”so as to ensure national energy security and to accelerate tight gas,shale gas and other unconventional resources development.In 2030,the annual natural gas production will reach up to more than 300 Bcm.Finally,the development and utilization of new energy resources should be further strengthened and non-fossil energy sources will be expected to reach as high as 20%of the primary energy consumption by 2030.展开更多
Considering the demands,situations and trends in respect to global climate change,carbon neutrality and energy transition,the achievements and significance of the global green energy transition and the new energy revo...Considering the demands,situations and trends in respect to global climate change,carbon neutrality and energy transition,the achievements and significance of the global green energy transition and the new energy revolution of China are summarized,and the“Energy Triangle”theory is proposed.The research indicates that the energy technology revolution is driving a dual transformation in global energy:the black“shale oil and gas revolution”in North America and the green“new energy revolution”in China.The green energy revolution of China has achieved significant milestones in wind-solar-hydrogen-energy storage technologies,leading the world in photovoltaic and wind power.The country has developed the world's largest,most comprehensive,and competitive new energy innovation,industrial and value chains,along with the largest clean power supply system globally.New quality productive forces represent the green productive forces.The green“new energy revolution”of China has accelerated the transformation of its energy structure and the global shift towards clean energy,promoting a new win-win model for the global green and low-carbon transition.Under the backdrop of a carbon-neutral goal-driven energy transition,the“Energy Triangle”theory within the framework of new quality productive forces explains the correlation and development of energy security,economic growth,and environmental sustainability throughout the evolution from fossil fuels to new energy systems,culminating in an energy revolution.Compared to the global energy resource endowment,the energy resources of China are characterized by abundant coal,limited oil and gas,and unlimited wind and photovoltaic energy.Moving forward,the energy strategies of China will focus on the advancement of technologies to clean coal for carbon emission reduction,increase gas output while stabilizing oil production,increase green energy while enhancing new energy,and achieve intelligent integration.Vigorously developing new energy is an essential step in maintaining the energy security of China,and establishing a carbon-neutral“super energy system”is a necessary choice.It is crucial to enhance the international competitiveness of China in new energy development,promote high-quality energy productive forces,support the country's transition to an“energy power”,and strive for“energy independence”.展开更多
Strategic emerging industries represent the forefront of the new technological revolution and industrial transformation,serving as a critical domain for China to cultivate new growth drivers and establish competitive ...Strategic emerging industries represent the forefront of the new technological revolution and industrial transformation,serving as a critical domain for China to cultivate new growth drivers and establish competitive advantages.The development of these industries has become a major strategy for leading countries to attain competitive advantages in the new wave of economic and technological advancement.The ongoing energy revolution is driving the transition of traditional energy systems toward green and low-carbon models,while simultaneously fostering emerging industrial clusters such as new energy equipment manufacturing,energy storage,and energy internet.Energy companies are accelerating the deployment of innovative models that integrate new and traditional energy systems through technological and business model innovation.This study systematically analyzes the current status,trends,opportunities,and challenges faced by energy companies venturing into strategic emerging industries.The findings aim to guide energy companies in navigating the dual imperatives of energy transition and industrial upgrading,thereby contributing to sustainable development and global competitiveness.展开更多
The essence of energy system transition is the"energy revolution':The development of the"resource-dominated"energy system with fossil energy as the mainstay has promoted human progress,but it has al...The essence of energy system transition is the"energy revolution':The development of the"resource-dominated"energy system with fossil energy as the mainstay has promoted human progress,but it has also triggered energy crisis and ecological environment crisis,which is not compatible with the new demands of the new round of scientific and technological revolution,industrial transformation,and sustainable human development.It is in urgent need to research and develop a new-type energy system in the context of carbon neutrality.In the framework of"technique-dominated"new green and intelligent energy system with"three new"of new energy,new power and new energy storage as the mainstay,the"super energy basin"concepts with the Ordos Basin,Nw China as a representative will reshape the concept and model of future energy exploration and development.In view of the"six inequalities"in global energy and the resource conditions of"abundant coal,insufficient oil and gas and infinite new energy"in China,it is suggested to deeply boost"China energy revolution',sticking to the six principles of independent energy production,green energy supply,secure energy reserve,efficient energy consumption,intelligent energy management,economical energy cost;enhance"energy scientific and technological innovation"by implementing technique-dominated"four major science and technology innovation projects',namely,clean coal project,oil production stabilization and gas production increasing project,new energy acceleration project,and green-intelligent energy project;implement"energy transition"by accelerating the green-dominated"four-modernization development',namely,fossil energy cleaning,large-scale new energy,coordinated centralized energy distribution,intelligent multi-energy management,so as to promote the exchange of two 80%s"in China's energy structure and construct the new green and intelligent energy system.展开更多
Following the Paris Agreement, green and low-carbon development has entered into a new stage. China＇s international responsibility to combat climate change is consistent with the inherent sustainable devel- opment ne...Following the Paris Agreement, green and low-carbon development has entered into a new stage. China＇s international responsibility to combat climate change is consistent with the inherent sustainable devel- opment needs of the country. In this paper, the reason- ability of China＇s Intended Nationally Determined Contributions （INDC） is examined and the fact that low- carbon development can lead to modernization is demon- strated based on data analysis of energy economics from developed countries. Considering the fact that such an energy revolution forms the basis for China＇s low-carbon transition, a roadmap of the China＇s energy utilization is presented. Based on research results from the Chinese Academy of Engineering, the three historical stages of China＇s energy structure reform are analyzed. Promoting a low-carbon transition through an energy revolution is a long-term and arduous process that requires a genuine transformation of development outlook and patterns. By empirically analyzing situations at home and abroad, a conclusion is made that economic development and a low- carbon transition can be achieved simultaneously; speci- fically, low-carbon development fosters new points of economic growth and gives rise to different development paths.展开更多
Based on the full consideration of both domestic and global environments and conditions,the adherence to the conviction that lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets,and the comprehensive weighing of pros...Based on the full consideration of both domestic and global environments and conditions,the adherence to the conviction that lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets,and the comprehensive weighing of pros and cons,the Chinese government has made a major strategic decision to achieve the goals of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality,which is crucial to the overall green transformation of the economy and society and the long-term benefits of the Chinese nation.With the new energy revolution and energy mix diversification driven by the carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals,nonfossil energy sources centered on photovoltaic energy will gradually dominate the energy mix,while the status of electricity and hydrogen energy will be significantly enhanced and the consumption of coal and petroleum will decline significantly.Carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals are both challenges and opportunities for China.Specific challenges are embodied in the large pressure of economic and energy restructuring,the rising manufacturing costs,the difficulties in withdrawing coal-fired power stations,the possibility of unstable grid operations due to large-scale integration of photovoltaic and wind power into the power distribution network,and the supply risks of key metals,while specific opportunities are emerging in the strong competitiveness of photovoltaic and wind power equipment,lower dependence on foreign petroleum and gas supply and accelerated low-carbon green transformation.China should strengthen the top-level design of the path to achieve carbon peaking and carbon neutrality,encourage innovation of green low-carbon technologies,accelerate economic and energy restructuring,strictly restrict the construction of new high-emission and energy-intensive projects,and steadily promote the adjustment and withdrawal of the existing high-emission and energy-intensive projects.展开更多
On 30 September 2024,the UK shuttered its last remaining coal-fired power plant[1].The closure marks a historic milestone,the end of 142 years of coal fueled prosperity.The country opened the world’s first plant to s...On 30 September 2024,the UK shuttered its last remaining coal-fired power plant[1].The closure marks a historic milestone,the end of 142 years of coal fueled prosperity.The country opened the world’s first plant to supply electric streetlamps in 1882,spark-ing a global energy revolution that has led to today’s nearly univer-sally electrified world.展开更多
Global climate change promotes the energy system reform. Achieving a high proportion of renewable energy becomes the major countries＇ energy strategy. As proposed in its Intended Nationally Determined Contributions ...Global climate change promotes the energy system reform. Achieving a high proportion of renewable energy becomes the major countries＇ energy strategy. As proposed in its Intended Nationally Determined Contributions （INDC）, China intends to raise the proportion of non-fossil energy in primary energy consumption to about 20% by 2030. That ambitious goal means the non-fossil energy supplies by 2030 will be 7-8 times that of 2005, and the annual increase rate is more than 8% within the 25 years. Besides, the capacity of wind power, solar power, hy- dropower and nuclear power reaches 400 GW, 350 GW, 450 GW, and 150 GW respectively, and China＇s non-fossil power capacity is even greater than the U.S.＇s total power capacity. In addition, the scale of natural gas increases. Consequently, by 2030, the proportion of coal falls from the current 70% to below 50%, and the CO2 intensity of energy consumption decreases by 20% compared with the level of 2005, which play important roles in significantly reducing the CO2 intensity of GDE Since China has confirmed to achieve the CO2 emissions peak around 2030, at that time, the newly added energy demand will be satisfied by non-fossil energy, and the consumption of fossil fuel will stop growing. By 2030, non-fossil energy accounts for 20%, and the large scale and sound momentum of new and renewable energy industry will support the growth of total energy demand, which plays a key role in CO2 emissions peaking and beginning to decline, and lays the foundation for establishing a new energy system dominated by new and renewable energy in the second half of the 21 st century as well as finally achieving the CO2 zero-emission.展开更多
The world’s energy is in the "third major transformation period" from fossil energy to new energy, and all countries in the world have formulated energy development strategies. Through advanced deployment, ...The world’s energy is in the "third major transformation period" from fossil energy to new energy, and all countries in the world have formulated energy development strategies. Through advanced deployment, the United States is about to achieve "energy independence" relying on "unconventional oil and gas revolution". China’s energy development is faced with four challenges:(1) The population base and economic development scale determine the "totally huge amount" of energy consumption;(2) the "coal rich but oil and gas insufficient" resource structure determines the "unclean" energy consuming structure;(3) the increasing dependence on imported oil and gas determines the "unsafe" energy supply;and(4) the unconventional oil and gas endowment makes it impossible to achieve energy independence by copying the American model. From the perspective of the world energy trend and the unique situation of China’s energy, we put forward a "three-step" strategy for China to achieve "energy independence": From 2020 to 2035, "energy supply security" will be addressed by "cleaning coal, stabilizing oil and gas production and vigorously developing new alternative energy";from 2035 to 2050, the vision of "production independence" will be realized by relying on "domestic production and overseas oil and gas mining rights";from 2050 to 2100, "intelligent energy and new energy" will help China realize "energy independence". The two important signs of China’s "energy independence" are that domestic production accounts for more than 90% of the domestic consumption and clean energy production accounts for more than 70%, and energy security realizes "independence and self-control" and "long-term security". The strategic significance of "energy independence" is to ensure national energy security, drive the development of relevant major industries, achieve energy management reform, and implement the environmental protection goal of zero carbon emissions. The "energy independence" of China is a strategic mission, it might be fulfilled in the future with the growth of the state’s power, even when the domestic energy production does not catch up with the domestic consumption. Perhaps the world’s new technological revolution will exceed expectations, and China’s "energy independence" dream will eventually come true.展开更多
Under the requirements of China's strategic goal of"carbon peaking and carbon neutrality",as a renewable,clean and efficient secondary energy source,hydrogen benefits from abundant resources,a wide varie...Under the requirements of China's strategic goal of"carbon peaking and carbon neutrality",as a renewable,clean and efficient secondary energy source,hydrogen benefits from abundant resources,a wide variety of sources,a high combustion calorific value,clean and non-polluting,various forms of utilization,energy storage mediums and good security,etc.It will become a realistic way to help energy,transportation,petrochemical and other fields to achieve deep decarbonization,and will turn into an important replacement energy source for China to build a modern clean energy system.It is clear that accelerating the development of hydrogen energy has become a global consensus.In order to provide a theoretical support for the accelerated transformation of hydrogen-related industries and energy companies,and provide a basis and reference for the construction of"Hydrogen Energy China",this paper describes main key technological progresses in the hydrogen industry chain such as hydrogen production,storage,transportation,and application.The status and development trends of hydrogen industrialization are analyzed,and then the challenges faced by the development of the hydrogen industry are discussed.At last,the development and future of the hydrogen industry are prospected.The following conclusions are achieved.(1)Hydrogen technologies of our country will become mature and enter the road of industrialization.The whole industry chain system of the hydrogen industry is gradually being formed,and will realize the leap-forward development from gray hydrogen,blue hydrogen to green hydrogen.(2)The overall development of the entire hydrogen industry chain such as hydrogen production,storage and transportation,fuel cells,hydrogen refueling stations and other scenarios should be accelerated.Besides,in depth integration and coordination with the oil and gas industry needs more attention,which will rapidly promote the high-quality development of the hydrogen industry system.(3)The promotion and implementation of major projects such as"north-east hydrogen transmission","west east hydrogen transmission","sea hydrogen landing",and utilization of infrastructures such as gas filling stations,can give full play to the innate advantages of oil and gas companies in industrial chain nodes such as hydrogen production and refueling,etc.,which can help to achieve the application of"oil,gas,hydrogen,and electricity"four-station joint construction,form a nationwide hydrogen resource guarantee system,and accelerate the planning and promotion of the"Hydrogen Energy China"strategy.展开更多
Not only being abundant in resources, natural gas also helps power grids consume wind energy, solar energy and etc. The promotion of natu ral gas is an essential zoay to facilitate the development of nezo energy and c...Not only being abundant in resources, natural gas also helps power grids consume wind energy, solar energy and etc. The promotion of natu ral gas is an essential zoay to facilitate the development of nezo energy and complete the transition to an energy system where the renewable energy is dominant. The operation of energy Internet with a concept of equal, open, cooperative and sharing, and the optimization of a combined energy of gas, electricity, heating and cooling, could significantly improve the energy efficiency. Meanwhile, the development of energy lnternet technology will subvert the existing division of energy industry, and generate new commercial formats with features of highly openness. It will also subvert some existing market rules, change the governance methods, generate renovations in organizations, business models and government management methods, thus requires further revolution in energy industry. In order to promote the rapid and healthy development of ＂lnternet plus＂ natural gas industry, a series of policies and precautions are needed to be inhvduced and improved.展开更多
1.Energy revolution and geothermal industry in China As a new and renewable source of energy,geothermal energy exists in and below the earth's surface.This rich and stable resource can be recovered continuously,ef...1.Energy revolution and geothermal industry in China As a new and renewable source of energy,geothermal energy exists in and below the earth's surface.This rich and stable resource can be recovered continuously,efficiently and environmentally at low cost,and can be utilized in a cascaded manner efficiently with zero or near zero carbon.It can also be stored for peak shaving and buried for emission reduction.In the context of global warming and carbon reduction,geothermal power generation will be promising。展开更多
China has set the goal for its CO2 emissions to peak around 2030, which is not only a strategic decision coordinating domestic sustainable development and global climate change mitigation but also an overarching targe...China has set the goal for its CO2 emissions to peak around 2030, which is not only a strategic decision coordinating domestic sustainable development and global climate change mitigation but also an overarching target and a key point of action for China＇s resource conservation, environmental protection, shift in economic development patterns, and CO2 emission reduction to avoid climate change. The development stage where China maps out the CO2 emission peak target is earlier than that of the developed countries. It is a necessity that the non-fossil energy supplies be able to meet all the increased energy demand for achieving CO2 emission peaking. Given that China＇s potential GDP annual increasing rate will be more than 4%, and China＇s total energy demand will continue to increase by approximately 1.0%--1.5% annually around 2030, new and renewable energies will need to increase by 6%-8% annually to meet the desired CO2 emission peak. The share of new and renewable energies in China＇s total primary energy supply will be approximately 20% by 2030. At that time, the energy consumption elasticity will decrease to around 0.3, and the annual decrease in the rate of CO2 intensity will also be higher than 4% to ensure the sustained growth of GDE To achieve the CO2 emission peaking target and substantially promote the low-carbon deve!opment transformation, China needs to actively promote an energy production and consumption revolution, the innovation of advanced energy technologies, the reform of the energy regulatory system and pricing mechanism, and especially the construction of a national carbon emission cap and trade system.展开更多
The Paris Agreement establishes a new mechanism for post-2020 global climate governance, and sets long-term goals for global response to climate change, which will accelerate worldwide low-carbon transformation of eco...The Paris Agreement establishes a new mechanism for post-2020 global climate governance, and sets long-term goals for global response to climate change, which will accelerate worldwide low-carbon transformation of economic development pattern, promote the revolutionary reform of energy system, boost a fundamental change in the mode of social production and consumption, and further the civilization of human society from industrial civilization to eco-civilization. The urgency of global low-carbon transition will reshape the competition situation of world's economy, trade and technology. Taking the construction of eco-civilization as a guide, China explores green and low-carbon development paths,establishes ambitious intended nationally determined contribution(INDC) targets and action plans, advances energy production and consumption revolution, and speeds up the transformation of economic development pattern. These strategies and actions not only confirm to the trend of the world low-carbon transition, but also meet the intrinsic requirements for easing the domestic resources and environment constraints and realizing sustainable development. They are multi-win-win strategies for promotion of economic development and environmental protection and mitigation of carbon emissions. China should take the global long-term emission reduction targets as a guide, and formulate medium and long-term low-carbon development strategy, build the core competitiveness of low-carbon advanced technology and development pattern, and take an in-depth part in global governance so as to reflect the responsibility of China as a great power in constructing a community of common destiny for all mankind and addressing global ecological crisis.展开更多
This work reveals the positioning of natural gas in the evolution of world energy and the general law of its development.In the long-term adjustment of energy structure,natural gas has gradually become the primary ene...This work reveals the positioning of natural gas in the evolution of world energy and the general law of its development.In the long-term adjustment of energy structure,natural gas has gradually become the primary energy source because of five factors:policy,resources,technology,facilities,and market.To expedite the revolution of energy production and consumption,China must urgently expand the use of natural gas toward a more positive role in complementing coal and renewable energy and prioritize its usage in three areas,namely,urban gas,power generation,and industrial fuel.Natural gas is expected to account for approximately 15%of China’s total energy consumption in the future.For natural gas to be the primary energy,the exploitation of gas resources must be expanded,resource access must be improved,a flexible trade system must be set up,infrastructure investment must be increased,and the security system must be enhanced.展开更多
The distributed energy system （DES） is a type of energy cascade utilization on the client side or close to the client, and it has become an important option of global energy transformation. In China, based on the ex...The distributed energy system （DES） is a type of energy cascade utilization on the client side or close to the client, and it has become an important option of global energy transformation. In China, based on the experience of demonstration projects, the DES is now being commercialized. Under the new opportunity of energy production and consumption promoted by the national ＂Internet Plus＂ action plan, the development of the DES was reviewed in this paper; four categories of market demand and five key issues for DES deployment were analyzed; five types of potential DES users and five key points of technical path implementation proposed based on many years of engineering practices and hundreds of project case studies were proposed. 4E elements should be used to evaluate and choose the project and lead the innovation model of DES by energy production and consumption revolution with the sustainable development of the Intemet plus DES. The future innovation models include intelligent energy modularity and menu-type services with the demands of the client side, and the kind of new thinking for DES services that ＂you are in charge of your own energy production and consumption, while we are also at service when needed for installation and maintenance.＂ The aim of innovation mode is to give the energy sovereign back to the people, and form a perfect Intemet plus DES ecosystem.展开更多
Global response to climate change has entered the phase of full implementation of the Paris Agreement. To control the global temperature rise below 2℃, all countries must make more efforts to reduce emission. China h...Global response to climate change has entered the phase of full implementation of the Paris Agreement. To control the global temperature rise below 2℃, all countries must make more efforts to reduce emission. China has combined its goal of emission reduction for combating climate change with its domestic sustainable development strategy to promote energy revolution and the transition of economic development to low-carbon pat- terns. Through reinforcing the commitment and action before 2020, the CO2 intensity of GDP can decrease by more than 50% by 2020 compared with that of 2005, and the external commitment target of a 40%-45% decrease can be over fulfilled. Currently, under the new economic normal, China further strengthens the policy measure, vigorously saves energy, enhances energy use efficiency and the economic output benefit, and simultaneously develops new and renewable energy and accelerates energy structural decarbonization, so that the annual decrease rate of the CO2 intensity of GDP keeps a high level of more than 4% and remains increasing. Thus, the decrease rate of the CO2 intensity of GDP will exceed the GDP growth rate, and then CO2 emission will peak around 2030. This will promote the fundamental turning of economic development mode, and lay a foundation for the establishment of a sustainable energy system with near- zero emissions and with new and renewable energy as the main body in the second half of this century. China implements the concept of green low-carbon development and accelerates the low carbon transition of energy and economy to achieve win-win results in economic growth and CO2 emission mitigation, and these policies and actions will also provide experiences for many other developing countries. On the other hand, China will continue to play a positive and constructive leading role in the implementation of the Paris Agreement internationally, and promote the construction of new mechanisms of win- win cooperation, fairness and justice and common development for global climate governance. Moreover, China will make an effort to build a community of common destiny for mankind, promote pragmatic coopera- tion among countries, especially among developing countries, and take combating climate change as a new development opportunity for jointly moving toward climate-friendly low-carbon economic development path.展开更多
文摘For a full and accurate understanding of the position and role of natural gas in China's energy revolution and providing a decision-making reference for the scientific establishment of natural gas development strategies and the deepening of the energy revolution,this paper analyzed the role of natural gas in guiding the energy revolution in China and points out the main direction of natural gas utilization in the SichuaneChongqing gas province which takes the lead in China's natural gas industry.The study provides the following findings.First,with a huge space for development,natural gas will play an important role in China's third energy revolution.Second,natural gas resources are abundant and have a huge potential for development in China.Third,natural gas can be used for a large range of purposes in the Sichuane Chongqing gas province.In addition to be used as city gas,natural gas can also be used for industrial fuel mainly as a substitute for coal,transportation,distributed energy,peak-shaving power generation,and high-end natural gas chemical raw materials.Some conclusions are made.First,as the cleanest fossil energy and the best fuel,natural gas will play an irreplaceable role in China's third energy revolution in the 21st century.Second,the SichuaneChongqing gas province is rich in natural gas,hydropower and other renewable resources.By 2020,it will become the largest gas production province in China,with natural gas production over 550×108 m^(3).By 2030,driven by the rapid development of shale gas,gas production in the province is expected to exceed 800×108 m^(3).Third,the SichuaneChongqing gas province is likely to become the leader in China's third energy revolution.
基金The National Key Basic Research and Development Program(973 Program)(No.:2014CB239000).
文摘This paper aims to predict the future situation of global energy development.In view of this,we reviewed the history of energy use and understood that new energy sources will usher in a new era following oil&gas,coal and wood one after another in the past time.Although the fossil energy sources are still plenty in the world,great breakthroughs made in some key technologies and the increasing demand for ecological environmental protection both impel the third time of transformation from oil&gas to new energy sources.Sooner or later,oil,gas,coal and new energy sources will each account for a quarter of global energy consumption in the new era,specifically speaking,ac-counting for 32.6%,23.7%,30.0%and 13.7%respectively.As one of the largest coal consumer,China will inevitably face up to the situation of tripartite confrontation of the coal,oil&gas and new energy.The following forecasting results were achieved.First,the oil will be in a stable period and its annual production peak will be around 2040,reaching up to 45×10^(8)t.Second,the natural gas will enter the heyday period and its annual production peak will be around 2060,reaching up to 4.5×10^(12)m^(3),which will play a pivotal role in the future energy sustainable development.Third,the coal has entered a high-to-low-carbon transition period,and its direct use and the discharged pollutants will be significantly reduced.In 2050,the coal will be dropped to 25%of the primary energy mix.Last,the development and utilization of new energy sources has been getting into the golden age and its proportion in the primary energy mix will be substantially enhanced.On this basis,we presented some proposals for the future energy development in China.At first,we should understand well that China's energy production and consumption has its own characteristics.Under the present situation,we should strengthen the clean and efficient use of coal resources,which is the key to solving our energy and environmental issues.Then,under the low oil price circumstance,we should keep 200 million tons of annual oil production as“the bottom line”so as to ensure national energy security and to accelerate tight gas,shale gas and other unconventional resources development.In 2030,the annual natural gas production will reach up to more than 300 Bcm.Finally,the development and utilization of new energy resources should be further strengthened and non-fossil energy sources will be expected to reach as high as 20%of the primary energy consumption by 2030.
基金Supported by the National Science and Technology Major Special Project Secretariat(2022-5596510-000064)Petro China Science and Technology Special Project(2021ZZ01-05)。
文摘Considering the demands,situations and trends in respect to global climate change,carbon neutrality and energy transition,the achievements and significance of the global green energy transition and the new energy revolution of China are summarized,and the“Energy Triangle”theory is proposed.The research indicates that the energy technology revolution is driving a dual transformation in global energy:the black“shale oil and gas revolution”in North America and the green“new energy revolution”in China.The green energy revolution of China has achieved significant milestones in wind-solar-hydrogen-energy storage technologies,leading the world in photovoltaic and wind power.The country has developed the world's largest,most comprehensive,and competitive new energy innovation,industrial and value chains,along with the largest clean power supply system globally.New quality productive forces represent the green productive forces.The green“new energy revolution”of China has accelerated the transformation of its energy structure and the global shift towards clean energy,promoting a new win-win model for the global green and low-carbon transition.Under the backdrop of a carbon-neutral goal-driven energy transition,the“Energy Triangle”theory within the framework of new quality productive forces explains the correlation and development of energy security,economic growth,and environmental sustainability throughout the evolution from fossil fuels to new energy systems,culminating in an energy revolution.Compared to the global energy resource endowment,the energy resources of China are characterized by abundant coal,limited oil and gas,and unlimited wind and photovoltaic energy.Moving forward,the energy strategies of China will focus on the advancement of technologies to clean coal for carbon emission reduction,increase gas output while stabilizing oil production,increase green energy while enhancing new energy,and achieve intelligent integration.Vigorously developing new energy is an essential step in maintaining the energy security of China,and establishing a carbon-neutral“super energy system”is a necessary choice.It is crucial to enhance the international competitiveness of China in new energy development,promote high-quality energy productive forces,support the country's transition to an“energy power”,and strive for“energy independence”.
文摘Strategic emerging industries represent the forefront of the new technological revolution and industrial transformation,serving as a critical domain for China to cultivate new growth drivers and establish competitive advantages.The development of these industries has become a major strategy for leading countries to attain competitive advantages in the new wave of economic and technological advancement.The ongoing energy revolution is driving the transition of traditional energy systems toward green and low-carbon models,while simultaneously fostering emerging industrial clusters such as new energy equipment manufacturing,energy storage,and energy internet.Energy companies are accelerating the deployment of innovative models that integrate new and traditional energy systems through technological and business model innovation.This study systematically analyzes the current status,trends,opportunities,and challenges faced by energy companies venturing into strategic emerging industries.The findings aim to guide energy companies in navigating the dual imperatives of energy transition and industrial upgrading,thereby contributing to sustainable development and global competitiveness.
文摘The essence of energy system transition is the"energy revolution':The development of the"resource-dominated"energy system with fossil energy as the mainstay has promoted human progress,but it has also triggered energy crisis and ecological environment crisis,which is not compatible with the new demands of the new round of scientific and technological revolution,industrial transformation,and sustainable human development.It is in urgent need to research and develop a new-type energy system in the context of carbon neutrality.In the framework of"technique-dominated"new green and intelligent energy system with"three new"of new energy,new power and new energy storage as the mainstay,the"super energy basin"concepts with the Ordos Basin,Nw China as a representative will reshape the concept and model of future energy exploration and development.In view of the"six inequalities"in global energy and the resource conditions of"abundant coal,insufficient oil and gas and infinite new energy"in China,it is suggested to deeply boost"China energy revolution',sticking to the six principles of independent energy production,green energy supply,secure energy reserve,efficient energy consumption,intelligent energy management,economical energy cost;enhance"energy scientific and technological innovation"by implementing technique-dominated"four major science and technology innovation projects',namely,clean coal project,oil production stabilization and gas production increasing project,new energy acceleration project,and green-intelligent energy project;implement"energy transition"by accelerating the green-dominated"four-modernization development',namely,fossil energy cleaning,large-scale new energy,coordinated centralized energy distribution,intelligent multi-energy management,so as to promote the exchange of two 80%s"in China's energy structure and construct the new green and intelligent energy system.
文摘Following the Paris Agreement, green and low-carbon development has entered into a new stage. China＇s international responsibility to combat climate change is consistent with the inherent sustainable devel- opment needs of the country. In this paper, the reason- ability of China＇s Intended Nationally Determined Contributions （INDC） is examined and the fact that low- carbon development can lead to modernization is demon- strated based on data analysis of energy economics from developed countries. Considering the fact that such an energy revolution forms the basis for China＇s low-carbon transition, a roadmap of the China＇s energy utilization is presented. Based on research results from the Chinese Academy of Engineering, the three historical stages of China＇s energy structure reform are analyzed. Promoting a low-carbon transition through an energy revolution is a long-term and arduous process that requires a genuine transformation of development outlook and patterns. By empirically analyzing situations at home and abroad, a conclusion is made that economic development and a low- carbon transition can be achieved simultaneously; speci- fically, low-carbon development fosters new points of economic growth and gives rise to different development paths.
文摘Based on the full consideration of both domestic and global environments and conditions,the adherence to the conviction that lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets,and the comprehensive weighing of pros and cons,the Chinese government has made a major strategic decision to achieve the goals of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality,which is crucial to the overall green transformation of the economy and society and the long-term benefits of the Chinese nation.With the new energy revolution and energy mix diversification driven by the carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals,nonfossil energy sources centered on photovoltaic energy will gradually dominate the energy mix,while the status of electricity and hydrogen energy will be significantly enhanced and the consumption of coal and petroleum will decline significantly.Carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals are both challenges and opportunities for China.Specific challenges are embodied in the large pressure of economic and energy restructuring,the rising manufacturing costs,the difficulties in withdrawing coal-fired power stations,the possibility of unstable grid operations due to large-scale integration of photovoltaic and wind power into the power distribution network,and the supply risks of key metals,while specific opportunities are emerging in the strong competitiveness of photovoltaic and wind power equipment,lower dependence on foreign petroleum and gas supply and accelerated low-carbon green transformation.China should strengthen the top-level design of the path to achieve carbon peaking and carbon neutrality,encourage innovation of green low-carbon technologies,accelerate economic and energy restructuring,strictly restrict the construction of new high-emission and energy-intensive projects,and steadily promote the adjustment and withdrawal of the existing high-emission and energy-intensive projects.
文摘On 30 September 2024,the UK shuttered its last remaining coal-fired power plant[1].The closure marks a historic milestone,the end of 142 years of coal fueled prosperity.The country opened the world’s first plant to supply electric streetlamps in 1882,spark-ing a global energy revolution that has led to today’s nearly univer-sally electrified world.
文摘Global climate change promotes the energy system reform. Achieving a high proportion of renewable energy becomes the major countries＇ energy strategy. As proposed in its Intended Nationally Determined Contributions （INDC）, China intends to raise the proportion of non-fossil energy in primary energy consumption to about 20% by 2030. That ambitious goal means the non-fossil energy supplies by 2030 will be 7-8 times that of 2005, and the annual increase rate is more than 8% within the 25 years. Besides, the capacity of wind power, solar power, hy- dropower and nuclear power reaches 400 GW, 350 GW, 450 GW, and 150 GW respectively, and China＇s non-fossil power capacity is even greater than the U.S.＇s total power capacity. In addition, the scale of natural gas increases. Consequently, by 2030, the proportion of coal falls from the current 70% to below 50%, and the CO2 intensity of energy consumption decreases by 20% compared with the level of 2005, which play important roles in significantly reducing the CO2 intensity of GDE Since China has confirmed to achieve the CO2 emissions peak around 2030, at that time, the newly added energy demand will be satisfied by non-fossil energy, and the consumption of fossil fuel will stop growing. By 2030, non-fossil energy accounts for 20%, and the large scale and sound momentum of new and renewable energy industry will support the growth of total energy demand, which plays a key role in CO2 emissions peaking and beginning to decline, and lays the foundation for establishing a new energy system dominated by new and renewable energy in the second half of the 21 st century as well as finally achieving the CO2 zero-emission.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41902151)
文摘The world’s energy is in the "third major transformation period" from fossil energy to new energy, and all countries in the world have formulated energy development strategies. Through advanced deployment, the United States is about to achieve "energy independence" relying on "unconventional oil and gas revolution". China’s energy development is faced with four challenges:(1) The population base and economic development scale determine the "totally huge amount" of energy consumption;(2) the "coal rich but oil and gas insufficient" resource structure determines the "unclean" energy consuming structure;(3) the increasing dependence on imported oil and gas determines the "unsafe" energy supply;and(4) the unconventional oil and gas endowment makes it impossible to achieve energy independence by copying the American model. From the perspective of the world energy trend and the unique situation of China’s energy, we put forward a "three-step" strategy for China to achieve "energy independence": From 2020 to 2035, "energy supply security" will be addressed by "cleaning coal, stabilizing oil and gas production and vigorously developing new alternative energy";from 2035 to 2050, the vision of "production independence" will be realized by relying on "domestic production and overseas oil and gas mining rights";from 2050 to 2100, "intelligent energy and new energy" will help China realize "energy independence". The two important signs of China’s "energy independence" are that domestic production accounts for more than 90% of the domestic consumption and clean energy production accounts for more than 70%, and energy security realizes "independence and self-control" and "long-term security". The strategic significance of "energy independence" is to ensure national energy security, drive the development of relevant major industries, achieve energy management reform, and implement the environmental protection goal of zero carbon emissions. The "energy independence" of China is a strategic mission, it might be fulfilled in the future with the growth of the state’s power, even when the domestic energy production does not catch up with the domestic consumption. Perhaps the world’s new technological revolution will exceed expectations, and China’s "energy independence" dream will eventually come true.
文摘Under the requirements of China's strategic goal of"carbon peaking and carbon neutrality",as a renewable,clean and efficient secondary energy source,hydrogen benefits from abundant resources,a wide variety of sources,a high combustion calorific value,clean and non-polluting,various forms of utilization,energy storage mediums and good security,etc.It will become a realistic way to help energy,transportation,petrochemical and other fields to achieve deep decarbonization,and will turn into an important replacement energy source for China to build a modern clean energy system.It is clear that accelerating the development of hydrogen energy has become a global consensus.In order to provide a theoretical support for the accelerated transformation of hydrogen-related industries and energy companies,and provide a basis and reference for the construction of"Hydrogen Energy China",this paper describes main key technological progresses in the hydrogen industry chain such as hydrogen production,storage,transportation,and application.The status and development trends of hydrogen industrialization are analyzed,and then the challenges faced by the development of the hydrogen industry are discussed.At last,the development and future of the hydrogen industry are prospected.The following conclusions are achieved.(1)Hydrogen technologies of our country will become mature and enter the road of industrialization.The whole industry chain system of the hydrogen industry is gradually being formed,and will realize the leap-forward development from gray hydrogen,blue hydrogen to green hydrogen.(2)The overall development of the entire hydrogen industry chain such as hydrogen production,storage and transportation,fuel cells,hydrogen refueling stations and other scenarios should be accelerated.Besides,in depth integration and coordination with the oil and gas industry needs more attention,which will rapidly promote the high-quality development of the hydrogen industry system.(3)The promotion and implementation of major projects such as"north-east hydrogen transmission","west east hydrogen transmission","sea hydrogen landing",and utilization of infrastructures such as gas filling stations,can give full play to the innate advantages of oil and gas companies in industrial chain nodes such as hydrogen production and refueling,etc.,which can help to achieve the application of"oil,gas,hydrogen,and electricity"four-station joint construction,form a nationwide hydrogen resource guarantee system,and accelerate the planning and promotion of the"Hydrogen Energy China"strategy.
文摘Not only being abundant in resources, natural gas also helps power grids consume wind energy, solar energy and etc. The promotion of natu ral gas is an essential zoay to facilitate the development of nezo energy and complete the transition to an energy system where the renewable energy is dominant. The operation of energy Internet with a concept of equal, open, cooperative and sharing, and the optimization of a combined energy of gas, electricity, heating and cooling, could significantly improve the energy efficiency. Meanwhile, the development of energy lnternet technology will subvert the existing division of energy industry, and generate new commercial formats with features of highly openness. It will also subvert some existing market rules, change the governance methods, generate renovations in organizations, business models and government management methods, thus requires further revolution in energy industry. In order to promote the rapid and healthy development of ＂lnternet plus＂ natural gas industry, a series of policies and precautions are needed to be inhvduced and improved.
文摘1.Energy revolution and geothermal industry in China As a new and renewable source of energy,geothermal energy exists in and below the earth's surface.This rich and stable resource can be recovered continuously,efficiently and environmentally at low cost,and can be utilized in a cascaded manner efficiently with zero or near zero carbon.It can also be stored for peak shaving and buried for emission reduction.In the context of global warming and carbon reduction,geothermal power generation will be promising。
基金supported by Major Program of Humanities and Social Science Base,Ministry of Education(No.10JJD630011)
文摘China has set the goal for its CO2 emissions to peak around 2030, which is not only a strategic decision coordinating domestic sustainable development and global climate change mitigation but also an overarching target and a key point of action for China＇s resource conservation, environmental protection, shift in economic development patterns, and CO2 emission reduction to avoid climate change. The development stage where China maps out the CO2 emission peak target is earlier than that of the developed countries. It is a necessity that the non-fossil energy supplies be able to meet all the increased energy demand for achieving CO2 emission peaking. Given that China＇s potential GDP annual increasing rate will be more than 4%, and China＇s total energy demand will continue to increase by approximately 1.0%--1.5% annually around 2030, new and renewable energies will need to increase by 6%-8% annually to meet the desired CO2 emission peak. The share of new and renewable energies in China＇s total primary energy supply will be approximately 20% by 2030. At that time, the energy consumption elasticity will decrease to around 0.3, and the annual decrease in the rate of CO2 intensity will also be higher than 4% to ensure the sustained growth of GDE To achieve the CO2 emission peaking target and substantially promote the low-carbon deve!opment transformation, China needs to actively promote an energy production and consumption revolution, the innovation of advanced energy technologies, the reform of the energy regulatory system and pricing mechanism, and especially the construction of a national carbon emission cap and trade system.
文摘The Paris Agreement establishes a new mechanism for post-2020 global climate governance, and sets long-term goals for global response to climate change, which will accelerate worldwide low-carbon transformation of economic development pattern, promote the revolutionary reform of energy system, boost a fundamental change in the mode of social production and consumption, and further the civilization of human society from industrial civilization to eco-civilization. The urgency of global low-carbon transition will reshape the competition situation of world's economy, trade and technology. Taking the construction of eco-civilization as a guide, China explores green and low-carbon development paths,establishes ambitious intended nationally determined contribution(INDC) targets and action plans, advances energy production and consumption revolution, and speeds up the transformation of economic development pattern. These strategies and actions not only confirm to the trend of the world low-carbon transition, but also meet the intrinsic requirements for easing the domestic resources and environment constraints and realizing sustainable development. They are multi-win-win strategies for promotion of economic development and environmental protection and mitigation of carbon emissions. China should take the global long-term emission reduction targets as a guide, and formulate medium and long-term low-carbon development strategy, build the core competitiveness of low-carbon advanced technology and development pattern, and take an in-depth part in global governance so as to reflect the responsibility of China as a great power in constructing a community of common destiny for all mankind and addressing global ecological crisis.
文摘This work reveals the positioning of natural gas in the evolution of world energy and the general law of its development.In the long-term adjustment of energy structure,natural gas has gradually become the primary energy source because of five factors:policy,resources,technology,facilities,and market.To expedite the revolution of energy production and consumption,China must urgently expand the use of natural gas toward a more positive role in complementing coal and renewable energy and prioritize its usage in three areas,namely,urban gas,power generation,and industrial fuel.Natural gas is expected to account for approximately 15%of China’s total energy consumption in the future.For natural gas to be the primary energy,the exploitation of gas resources must be expanded,resource access must be improved,a flexible trade system must be set up,infrastructure investment must be increased,and the security system must be enhanced.
文摘The distributed energy system （DES） is a type of energy cascade utilization on the client side or close to the client, and it has become an important option of global energy transformation. In China, based on the experience of demonstration projects, the DES is now being commercialized. Under the new opportunity of energy production and consumption promoted by the national ＂Internet Plus＂ action plan, the development of the DES was reviewed in this paper; four categories of market demand and five key issues for DES deployment were analyzed; five types of potential DES users and five key points of technical path implementation proposed based on many years of engineering practices and hundreds of project case studies were proposed. 4E elements should be used to evaluate and choose the project and lead the innovation model of DES by energy production and consumption revolution with the sustainable development of the Intemet plus DES. The future innovation models include intelligent energy modularity and menu-type services with the demands of the client side, and the kind of new thinking for DES services that ＂you are in charge of your own energy production and consumption, while we are also at service when needed for installation and maintenance.＂ The aim of innovation mode is to give the energy sovereign back to the people, and form a perfect Intemet plus DES ecosystem.
文摘Global response to climate change has entered the phase of full implementation of the Paris Agreement. To control the global temperature rise below 2℃, all countries must make more efforts to reduce emission. China has combined its goal of emission reduction for combating climate change with its domestic sustainable development strategy to promote energy revolution and the transition of economic development to low-carbon pat- terns. Through reinforcing the commitment and action before 2020, the CO2 intensity of GDP can decrease by more than 50% by 2020 compared with that of 2005, and the external commitment target of a 40%-45% decrease can be over fulfilled. Currently, under the new economic normal, China further strengthens the policy measure, vigorously saves energy, enhances energy use efficiency and the economic output benefit, and simultaneously develops new and renewable energy and accelerates energy structural decarbonization, so that the annual decrease rate of the CO2 intensity of GDP keeps a high level of more than 4% and remains increasing. Thus, the decrease rate of the CO2 intensity of GDP will exceed the GDP growth rate, and then CO2 emission will peak around 2030. This will promote the fundamental turning of economic development mode, and lay a foundation for the establishment of a sustainable energy system with near- zero emissions and with new and renewable energy as the main body in the second half of this century. China implements the concept of green low-carbon development and accelerates the low carbon transition of energy and economy to achieve win-win results in economic growth and CO2 emission mitigation, and these policies and actions will also provide experiences for many other developing countries. On the other hand, China will continue to play a positive and constructive leading role in the implementation of the Paris Agreement internationally, and promote the construction of new mechanisms of win- win cooperation, fairness and justice and common development for global climate governance. Moreover, China will make an effort to build a community of common destiny for mankind, promote pragmatic coopera- tion among countries, especially among developing countries, and take combating climate change as a new development opportunity for jointly moving toward climate-friendly low-carbon economic development path.
