Foreword It is our great privilege,as vip Editors of the International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials(IJMMM),to present this special issue on“High-Entropy and Multicomponent-Doped Materials for Energy...Foreword It is our great privilege,as vip Editors of the International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials(IJMMM),to present this special issue on“High-Entropy and Multicomponent-Doped Materials for Energy Applications:Innovations in Energy Conversion and Storage.”This collection highlights the latest research developments in the preparation,optimizing properties,and exploring potential applications of high-entropy materials(HEMs)and other com-pounds with increased configurational entropy.展开更多
Single-atom site catalysts(SACs) and two-dimensional materials(2DM) have gradually become two hot topics in catalysis over the past decades. Their combination with each other can further endow the derived SACs with ex...Single-atom site catalysts(SACs) and two-dimensional materials(2DM) have gradually become two hot topics in catalysis over the past decades. Their combination with each other can further endow the derived SACs with extraordinary properties such as high loading, identical active sites, uniform coordination environment, distinctive metal-support interaction, and enhanced catalytic activities. In this review, we highlight the recent development in this specific research topic according to the types of substrates and focus on their applications in energy conversion field. Additionally, we also make a brief introduction to the synthesis and characterization methods for SACs supported on 2DM(SACs/2DM). Finally, the challenges and perspectives are summarized based on the current development status. It is believed that this work will make contributions to the rational design and fabrication of novel SACs/2DM, promoting their practical energy applications in the future.展开更多
Nitrogen-doped（N-doped） graphene has attracted increasing attentions because of the significantly enhanced properties in physic, chemistry, biology and material science, as compared with those of pristine graphene. ...Nitrogen-doped（N-doped） graphene has attracted increasing attentions because of the significantly enhanced properties in physic, chemistry, biology and material science, as compared with those of pristine graphene. By date, N-doped graphene has opened up an exciting new field in the science and technology of two-dimensional materials. From the viewpoints of chemistry and materials, this article presents an overview on the recent progress of N-doped graphene, including the typical synthesis methods, characterization techniques, and various applications in energy fields. The challenges and perspective of Ndoped graphene are also discussed. We expect that this review will provide new insights into the further development and practical applications of N-doped graphene.展开更多
Recently, there has been substantial interest in the large-scale synthesis of hierarchically architectured transition metal dichalcogenides and designing electrodes for energy conversion and storage applications such ...Recently, there has been substantial interest in the large-scale synthesis of hierarchically architectured transition metal dichalcogenides and designing electrodes for energy conversion and storage applications such as electrocatalysis, rechargeable batteries, and supercapacitors. Here we report a novel hybrid laser-assisted micro/nanopatterning and sulfurization method for rapid manufacturing of hierarchically architectured molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) layers directly on molybdenum sheets. This laser surface structuring not only provides the ability to design specific micro/nanostructured patterns but also significantly enhances the crystal growth kinetics. Micro and nanoscale characterization methods are employed to study the morphological, structural, and atomistic characteristics of the formed crystals at various laser processing and crystal growth conditions. To compare the performance characteristics of the laser-structured and unstructured samples, Li-ion battery cells are fabricated and their energy storage capacity is measured. The hierarchically architectured MoS2 crystals show higher performance with specific capacities of about 10 mAh cm-2, at a current rate of 0.1 mA cm-2. This rapid laser patterning and growth of 2D materials directly on conductive sheets may enable the future large-scale and roll-to-roll manufacturing of energy and sensing devices.展开更多
Digital transformation generally refers to the process of change in business and society,based on the omnipresence of sensors,networks,information,andcommunication technology.Ever shorter development and innovation cy...Digital transformation generally refers to the process of change in business and society,based on the omnipresence of sensors,networks,information,andcommunication technology.Ever shorter development and innovation cycles are a characteristic feature of this process,which is currently influencing all industries and all areas of life,be it industrial展开更多
Since decades, the global electricity demand shows only one direction： a considerable constant increase every year. But the unlimited growth in energy consumption is discussed increasingly critical, not only primaril...Since decades, the global electricity demand shows only one direction： a considerable constant increase every year. But the unlimited growth in energy consumption is discussed increasingly critical, not only primarily in terms of limitations but also in terms of more efficient, more intelligent, and more sustainable usage of energy. Energy-efficient technologies （EET） and renewable energy technologies are already in a competitive position in different markets, and they are also actively embedded in scientific research. Meanwhile,展开更多
The disruption of digital technologies has been a reality in many different industrial sectors for many years.The digital transformation is now having an increasing impact on the energy sector as well as the so-called...The disruption of digital technologies has been a reality in many different industrial sectors for many years.The digital transformation is now having an increasing impact on the energy sector as well as the so-called"smart environments",e.g. bottom-to-bottom energy provision models (crowd energy) are no longer just展开更多
The rising cost and limited availability of fossil fuels, and the increasing concerns related to their role on global pollution and greenhouse effect have pushed considerably the need to accelerate the transition to a...The rising cost and limited availability of fossil fuels, and the increasing concerns related to their role on global pollution and greenhouse effect have pushed considerably the need to accelerate the transition to a more sustainable use of energy based largely on renewable energy sources. Nanocarbon materials play a critical role in this transition, as they are the key materials for components of different devices necessary in enabling this transition （batteries, fuel cells, solar cells, etc.）. This issue collects 22 contributions, including one perspective and six review papers on the topic of carbon materials for energy applications, written by well-known experts in this field. It is really an exciting special issue that gives a very updated view of this topic, as well as trends and outlooks in this breakthrough research area. The initial perspective paper introduces the different possibilities offered from the growing level of knowledge in this area, testified from the exponentially rising number of publications. It also discusses the basie concepts for a rational design of these nanomaterials. The lk）llowing six reviews address different specific aspects of synthesis, characterization and use of carbon nanomaterials, from fuel cells to composite electrodes, supercapacitors and photoelectrochemical devices for CO2 conversion. These reviews represent an unique opportunity for the readers to be updated on the latest developments of new carbon families such as fullerene, grapbene, and carbon nanotube, and their derived nanocarbon materials （from carbon quantum dots to nanohorn, nanofiber, nano ribbon, etc.）. Second generation nanocarbons, including modification of these nanocarbons by surface functionalization or doping with heteroatoms to create specific tailored properties, and nanoarchitectured supramolecular hybrids, are also discussed. Finally, 1 communication and 14 full articles discuss several aspects of the use of these nanocarbon materials to develop new catalysts for a range of applications （from biomass conversion to Fisher-Tropsch reaction and electrochemical devices） and new materials for energy storage and conversion （adsorption pumps, Li-ion and Li-S batteries, electrodes for electrochemical uses）. We thus believe that this special issue dedicated to the use and development of carbon materials for energy applications represents a unique occasion for young and experienced researchers as well as for managers in the field of sustainable energy to have an updated view on this enabling topic for the future of our society. We thus invite all to have this special issue as a privileged component of your bookshelf.展开更多
Metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)and their derived materials have emerged as leading contenders in the realm of advanced materials science,heralded for their versatility,high surface areas,and tunable properties.These ma...Metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)and their derived materials have emerged as leading contenders in the realm of advanced materials science,heralded for their versatility,high surface areas,and tunable properties.These materials distinguish themselves through their exceptional ability to be tailored during synthesis,offering precise control over their morphology and functionalities.The derivation process from MOFs not only preserves their inherent large surface areas but also enhances their electrical conductivity and stability.Herein,we summarize the different synthetic strategies of MOF-derived micro-/nanomaterials to date,including but not limited to calcining,phosphating,sulfurization,the selenylation method,ion exchange,and etching strategies.Recent progress in MOF-derived micro-/nano-nanomaterials for various applications including supercapacitors,metal-ion batteries,Li-S batteries,metal-air batteries,hydrogen evolution reaction,oxygen evolution reaction and oxygen reduction reaction is reviewed.Through detailed summary of these applications and the innovative approaches for their synthesis,this work highlights the utility and potential that MOF-derived materials hold.Concluding with a discussion on the challenges and future prospects of these materials,we underscore their transformative potential in advancing materials science and technology.展开更多
Diamond combines many unique properties,including high stability,strong optical dispersion,excellent mechanical strength,and outstanding thermal conductivity.Its structure,surface groups,and electrical conductivity ar...Diamond combines many unique properties,including high stability,strong optical dispersion,excellent mechanical strength,and outstanding thermal conductivity.Its structure,surface groups,and electrical conductivity are also tunable,increasing its functional versatility.These make diamond and its related materials,such as its composites,highly promising for various applications in energy fields.This review summarizes recent advances and key achievements in energy storage and conversion,covering electrochemical energy storage(e.g.,batteries and supercapacitors),electrocatalytic energy conversion(e.g.,CO_(2)and nitrogen reduction reactions),and solar energy conversion(e.g.,photo-(electro)chemical CO_(2)and nitrogen reduction reactions,and solar cells).Current challenges and prospects related to the synthesis of diamond materials and the technologies for their energy applications are outlined and discussed.展开更多
Titanium suboxides,denoted as Ti_(n)O_(m)(O<m/n<2),represent a typical class of non-stoichiometric compounds characterized by a wide range of structures and physicochemical properties dependent on their variable...Titanium suboxides,denoted as Ti_(n)O_(m)(O<m/n<2),represent a typical class of non-stoichiometric compounds characterized by a wide range of structures and physicochemical properties dependent on their variable titanium-to-oxygen ratios.This review systematically summarizes the crystallographic features,electronic structures,physical properties,and energy-related applications of Ti_(n)O_(m).As oxygen atoms are progressively removed from TiO_(2),the emergence of Ti-Ti metallic bonds transforms the compound from a semiconductor to a metallic conductor.The diverse configurations of Ti 3d orbital electrons impart unique physical properties to Ti_(n)O_(m),including superconductivity,charge density waves,and ferromagnetism.This article provides an in-depth analysis of how various synthesis methods influence the crystal structures of the obtained Ti_(n)O_(m).Due to their distinct energy band structures and physical characteristics,titanium suboxides demonstrate outstanding performance in applications such as electrochemical energy storage,thermoelectric conversion,electronic devices,catalysis,and microwave absorption.This review not only comprehensively presents the fundamental structures and properties of titanium suboxides,but also offers valuable insights to guide future research in this field.展开更多
Large language models(LLMs)are gaining attention due to their potential to enhance efficiency and sustainability in the building domain,a critical area for reducing global carbon emissions.Built on transformer archite...Large language models(LLMs)are gaining attention due to their potential to enhance efficiency and sustainability in the building domain,a critical area for reducing global carbon emissions.Built on transformer architectures,LLMs excel at text generation and data analysis,enabling applications such as automated energy model generation,energy management optimization,and fault detection and diagnosis.These models can potentially streamline complex workflows,enhance decision-making,and improve energy efficiency.However,integrating LLMs into building energy systems poses challenges,including high computational demands,data preparation costs,and the need for domain-specific customization.This perspective paper explores the role of LLMs in the building energy system sector,highlighting their potential applications and limitations.We propose a development roadmap built on in-context learning,domain-specific fine-tuning,retrieval augmented generation,and multimodal integration to enhance LLMs’customization and practical use in this field.This paper aims to spark ideas for bridging the gap between LLMs capabilities and practical building applications,offering insights into the future of LLM-driven methods in building energy applications.展开更多
This review provides an insightful and comprehensive exploration of the emerging 2D material borophene,both pristine and modified,emphasizing its unique attributes and potential for sustainable applications.Borophene...This review provides an insightful and comprehensive exploration of the emerging 2D material borophene,both pristine and modified,emphasizing its unique attributes and potential for sustainable applications.Borophene’s distinctive properties include its anisotropic crystal structures that contribute to its exceptional mechanical and electronic properties.The material exhibits superior electrical and thermal conductivity,surpassing many other 2D materials.Borophene’s unique atomic spin arrangements further diversify its potential application for magnetism.Surface and interface engineering,through doping,functionalization,and synthesis of hybridized and nanocomposite borophene-based systems,is crucial for tailoring borophene’s properties to specific applications.This review aims to address this knowledge gap through a comprehensive and critical analysis of different synthetic and functionalisation methods,to enhance surface reactivity by increasing active sites through doping and surface modifications.These approaches optimize diffusion pathways improving accessibility for catalytic reactions,and tailor the electronic density to tune the optical and electronic behavior.Key applications explored include energy systems(batteries,supercapacitors,and hydrogen storage),catalysis for hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions,sensors,and optoelectronics for advanced photonic devices.The key to all these applications relies on strategies to introduce heteroatoms for tuning electronic and catalytic properties,employ chemical modifications to enhance stability and leverage borophene’s conductivity and reactivity for advanced photonics.Finally,the review addresses challenges and proposes solutions such as encapsulation,functionalization,and integration with composites to mitigate oxidation sensitivity and overcome scalability barriers,enabling sustainable,commercial-scale applications.展开更多
Carbon-based dual-metal sites catalysts(DMSCs)have emerged as a new frontier in the field of sustainable energy due to their unique coordination environments,electronic structure,the maximized atom utilization.The rea...Carbon-based dual-metal sites catalysts(DMSCs)have emerged as a new frontier in the field of sustainable energy due to their unique coordination environments,electronic structure,the maximized atom utilization.The reasonable utilization of carbonbased DMSCs provides new possibilities to achieve the outstanding catalytic performance,remarkable selectivity,recyclability in energy-related catalysis.Based on this,this review intends to summarize the recent breakthroughs in carbonbased DMSCs for the energy catalysis.Firstly,the definition and classifications of DMSCs are proposed,mainly dividing into three types(isolated dual-metal site pairs,binuclear homologous dual-metal sites pairs,binuclear heterologous dual-metal sites pairs).Subsequently,we discuss the potential of DMSCs targeting on energy conversion reactions,such as electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction(HER),oxygen evolution reaction(OER),oxygen reduction reaction(ORR),CO_(2)reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR),N_(2) reduction reaction(NRR).Finally,we predict the remaining challenges and possible opportunities on the unique carbon-based DMSCs for energy applications in the future.展开更多
After years of development,graphdiyne(GDY)has demonstrated the characteristics of transformative materials in many fields and has promoted great progress in fundamental and applied research.In practice,some important ...After years of development,graphdiyne(GDY)has demonstrated the characteristics of transformative materials in many fields and has promoted great progress in fundamental and applied research.In practice,some important new concepts have been proposed,such as natural surface charge distribution inhomogeneity,multicavity space limiting effect,incomplete charge transfer effect on the atomic level,alkyne-alkene conversion of a chemical bond,in situ induction of constrained growth,reversible transition from high to low valence state,and so on.These characteristics originating from the special electronic structure and chemical structure of GDY have rapidly promoted the development of GDY science in recent years and produced many exciting results in fundamental and applied science.Therefore,we systematically introduce the recent theoretical and experimental progress of GDY in terms of its new structural,electronic,mechanical,thermal,and optical properties and its promising applications in the energy fields of membrane sciences,catalysis,energy storage,and conversion.Specifically,the great breakthrough of GDY zero-valence atomic catalysts,quantum dots catalysts,and heterostructure catalysts for catalytic applications are discussed in detail.We believe this review will provide some significant guidelines for the design and development of GDYbased high-performance materials and devices in energy fields.展开更多
Renewable energy technologies are in the centre of interest to narrow the gap between fossil fuels and clean energy systems.The dominant role of solar energy systems among the alternatives is beyond question owing to ...Renewable energy technologies are in the centre of interest to narrow the gap between fossil fuels and clean energy systems.The dominant role of solar energy systems among the alternatives is beyond question owing to being associated with an infinite energy source,well-documented theory,simplicity,eco-friendly structure and notably higher energy and exergy efficiency range compared to other renewables.However,in solar energy systems,conventional working fluids with poor thermophysical properties are still utilised.In other words,further improvements are still available in the said systems by the use of unique nanoparticles with superior thermal,electrical,optical and mechanical properties.Within the scope of this research,the applications of nanofluids in various solar energy systems such as tracking and non-tracking solar collectors,photovoltaic/thermal systems,solar thermoelectric devices,solar stills,solar thermal energy storage systems,solar greenhouses and solar ponds are comprehensively analysed.Relevant comparisons and discussions are proposed for the potential impacts of various nanofluids on coefficient of performance(COP)and thermodynamic performance figures of solar energy systems such as energy and exergy efficiency,effectiveness and productivity.Some challenges of nanofluids are also addressed which need to be resolved in further works.展开更多
Metal cyanamides are an emerging class of functional materials with potential applications in sustainable energy conversion and storage technologies such as catalysis,supercapacitors,photoluminescence and next-gen bat...Metal cyanamides are an emerging class of functional materials with potential applications in sustainable energy conversion and storage technologies such as catalysis,supercapacitors,photoluminescence and next-gen batteries.The[NCN]^(2-)as the anion,which is isolobal with[O]^(2-)endows metal cyanamides with similar physicochemical properties as oxides and chalcogenides.Whereas the unique quasI-linear structure and electronic resonance between[N=C=N]^(2-)and[N-C≡N]^(2-)of[NCN]entity bring out superior properties beyond oxides and chalcogenides.In this review,we present research status,challenges,and the recent striking progress on the metal cyanamides in the synthesis and applications.Specifically,the characteristic structures,physicochemical properties,synthetic methods with corresponding merits/demerits and latest applications in energy conversion and storage of cyanamides are summarized.The detailed outlooks for the new compounds design,morphology manipulation and potential applications are also exhibited.展开更多
With the continuous advancement and exploration of science and technology,the future trend of energy technology will be the deep integration of digitization,networking,intelligence with energy applications.The increas...With the continuous advancement and exploration of science and technology,the future trend of energy technology will be the deep integration of digitization,networking,intelligence with energy applications.The increasing maturity of digital technologies,such as the Internet of Things,big data,and cloud computing,has given rise to the creation and use of a potential technology–Digital Twin.Currently,research on Digital Twin has produced many concepts and outcomes that have been applied in many fields.In the energy sector,while some relevant ideas and case studies of Digital Twin have been generated,there are still many gaps to be explored.As a potential technology with advantages in many aspects,Digital Twin is bound to generate more promotion and applications in the energy fields.This paper systematically reviews the existing Digital Twin approaches and their possible applications in the energy fields.In addition,this paper attempts to analyze Digital Twin from different perspectives,such as definitions,classifications,main features,case studies and key technologies.Finally,the directions and challenges of possible future applications of Digital Twin in the energy fields have been presented.展开更多
Deep learning methods for image analysis are attracting increasing interest for application in a wide range of different research fields.Here we aim to systematically analyze and discuss the most relevant examples for...Deep learning methods for image analysis are attracting increasing interest for application in a wide range of different research fields.Here we aim to systematically analyze and discuss the most relevant examples for the energy sector.To this,we perform a comprehensive literature screening on applications of deep learning methods for image analysis,classify the results in application macro-areas,and discuss the emerging trends on the available energy-related cases.The results of the analysis show that,while the exploitation of these methods for energy applications still appears to be at an early stage,the interest during the last years,in terms of number of published works,has considerably grown.To provide a systematic overview on the available energy-related examples,we present a schematic correlation chart mapping algorithms,tasks,and applications.The reported analysis is intended to provide an up-to-date overview on the current application trends and potential developments for energy applications in the next future.展开更多
With the continuous development of two-dimensional (2D) transition metal carbides and nitrides(collectively referred to as MXene).Nowadays,more than 70 MXene materials have been discovered,and the number is still incr...With the continuous development of two-dimensional (2D) transition metal carbides and nitrides(collectively referred to as MXene).Nowadays,more than 70 MXene materials have been discovered,and the number is still increasing.Among them,the V_(2)CT_(x) MXene has attracted considerable attentions due to its outstanding physical and chemical properties.In this review,we mainly discussed the emerging V_(2)CT_(x) MXene and its derivative systems in various energy storage devices.Firstly,an introduction of the V-based MXene and its derivatives along with their synthetic methodologies is provided,then we summarize their applications in specific energy storage devices,such as metal (Li,Na,K,Mg,Zn and Al) ion batteries,lithium-sulfur batteries,supercapacitors and metal-ion capacitors.Finally,the main challenges and future perspectives existing in V-based MXene and its derivatives are reasonably put forward.展开更多
文摘Foreword It is our great privilege,as vip Editors of the International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials(IJMMM),to present this special issue on“High-Entropy and Multicomponent-Doped Materials for Energy Applications:Innovations in Energy Conversion and Storage.”This collection highlights the latest research developments in the preparation,optimizing properties,and exploring potential applications of high-entropy materials(HEMs)and other com-pounds with increased configurational entropy.
基金supported by Science and Technology Key Project of Guangdong Province of China (No. 2020B010188002)the National Key R&D Program of China (2018YFA0702003)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 21890383, 21871159)。
文摘Single-atom site catalysts(SACs) and two-dimensional materials(2DM) have gradually become two hot topics in catalysis over the past decades. Their combination with each other can further endow the derived SACs with extraordinary properties such as high loading, identical active sites, uniform coordination environment, distinctive metal-support interaction, and enhanced catalytic activities. In this review, we highlight the recent development in this specific research topic according to the types of substrates and focus on their applications in energy conversion field. Additionally, we also make a brief introduction to the synthesis and characterization methods for SACs supported on 2DM(SACs/2DM). Finally, the challenges and perspectives are summarized based on the current development status. It is believed that this work will make contributions to the rational design and fabrication of novel SACs/2DM, promoting their practical energy applications in the future.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2017YFA0208200,2016YFB0700600,2015CB659300)Projects of NSFC(21403105,21573108)+2 种基金Anhui Provincial Key Research and Development Program(1704A0902022)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20150583,BK20160647)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(020514380107)
文摘Nitrogen-doped（N-doped） graphene has attracted increasing attentions because of the significantly enhanced properties in physic, chemistry, biology and material science, as compared with those of pristine graphene. By date, N-doped graphene has opened up an exciting new field in the science and technology of two-dimensional materials. From the viewpoints of chemistry and materials, this article presents an overview on the recent progress of N-doped graphene, including the typical synthesis methods, characterization techniques, and various applications in energy fields. The challenges and perspective of Ndoped graphene are also discussed. We expect that this review will provide new insights into the further development and practical applications of N-doped graphene.
基金partially funded by the U.S.National Science Foundation(NSF)under Grant No.1923363.
文摘Recently, there has been substantial interest in the large-scale synthesis of hierarchically architectured transition metal dichalcogenides and designing electrodes for energy conversion and storage applications such as electrocatalysis, rechargeable batteries, and supercapacitors. Here we report a novel hybrid laser-assisted micro/nanopatterning and sulfurization method for rapid manufacturing of hierarchically architectured molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) layers directly on molybdenum sheets. This laser surface structuring not only provides the ability to design specific micro/nanostructured patterns but also significantly enhances the crystal growth kinetics. Micro and nanoscale characterization methods are employed to study the morphological, structural, and atomistic characteristics of the formed crystals at various laser processing and crystal growth conditions. To compare the performance characteristics of the laser-structured and unstructured samples, Li-ion battery cells are fabricated and their energy storage capacity is measured. The hierarchically architectured MoS2 crystals show higher performance with specific capacities of about 10 mAh cm-2, at a current rate of 0.1 mA cm-2. This rapid laser patterning and growth of 2D materials directly on conductive sheets may enable the future large-scale and roll-to-roll manufacturing of energy and sensing devices.
文摘Digital transformation generally refers to the process of change in business and society,based on the omnipresence of sensors,networks,information,andcommunication technology.Ever shorter development and innovation cycles are a characteristic feature of this process,which is currently influencing all industries and all areas of life,be it industrial
文摘Since decades, the global electricity demand shows only one direction： a considerable constant increase every year. But the unlimited growth in energy consumption is discussed increasingly critical, not only primarily in terms of limitations but also in terms of more efficient, more intelligent, and more sustainable usage of energy. Energy-efficient technologies （EET） and renewable energy technologies are already in a competitive position in different markets, and they are also actively embedded in scientific research. Meanwhile,
文摘The disruption of digital technologies has been a reality in many different industrial sectors for many years.The digital transformation is now having an increasing impact on the energy sector as well as the so-called"smart environments",e.g. bottom-to-bottom energy provision models (crowd energy) are no longer just
文摘The rising cost and limited availability of fossil fuels, and the increasing concerns related to their role on global pollution and greenhouse effect have pushed considerably the need to accelerate the transition to a more sustainable use of energy based largely on renewable energy sources. Nanocarbon materials play a critical role in this transition, as they are the key materials for components of different devices necessary in enabling this transition （batteries, fuel cells, solar cells, etc.）. This issue collects 22 contributions, including one perspective and six review papers on the topic of carbon materials for energy applications, written by well-known experts in this field. It is really an exciting special issue that gives a very updated view of this topic, as well as trends and outlooks in this breakthrough research area. The initial perspective paper introduces the different possibilities offered from the growing level of knowledge in this area, testified from the exponentially rising number of publications. It also discusses the basie concepts for a rational design of these nanomaterials. The lk）llowing six reviews address different specific aspects of synthesis, characterization and use of carbon nanomaterials, from fuel cells to composite electrodes, supercapacitors and photoelectrochemical devices for CO2 conversion. These reviews represent an unique opportunity for the readers to be updated on the latest developments of new carbon families such as fullerene, grapbene, and carbon nanotube, and their derived nanocarbon materials （from carbon quantum dots to nanohorn, nanofiber, nano ribbon, etc.）. Second generation nanocarbons, including modification of these nanocarbons by surface functionalization or doping with heteroatoms to create specific tailored properties, and nanoarchitectured supramolecular hybrids, are also discussed. Finally, 1 communication and 14 full articles discuss several aspects of the use of these nanocarbon materials to develop new catalysts for a range of applications （from biomass conversion to Fisher-Tropsch reaction and electrochemical devices） and new materials for energy storage and conversion （adsorption pumps, Li-ion and Li-S batteries, electrodes for electrochemical uses）. We thus believe that this special issue dedicated to the use and development of carbon materials for energy applications represents a unique occasion for young and experienced researchers as well as for managers in the field of sustainable energy to have an updated view on this enabling topic for the future of our society. We thus invite all to have this special issue as a privileged component of your bookshelf.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52371240)supported by the Postgraduate Research&Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province(Yangzhou University,KYCX23_3510).
文摘Metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)and their derived materials have emerged as leading contenders in the realm of advanced materials science,heralded for their versatility,high surface areas,and tunable properties.These materials distinguish themselves through their exceptional ability to be tailored during synthesis,offering precise control over their morphology and functionalities.The derivation process from MOFs not only preserves their inherent large surface areas but also enhances their electrical conductivity and stability.Herein,we summarize the different synthetic strategies of MOF-derived micro-/nanomaterials to date,including but not limited to calcining,phosphating,sulfurization,the selenylation method,ion exchange,and etching strategies.Recent progress in MOF-derived micro-/nano-nanomaterials for various applications including supercapacitors,metal-ion batteries,Li-S batteries,metal-air batteries,hydrogen evolution reaction,oxygen evolution reaction and oxygen reduction reaction is reviewed.Through detailed summary of these applications and the innovative approaches for their synthesis,this work highlights the utility and potential that MOF-derived materials hold.Concluding with a discussion on the challenges and future prospects of these materials,we underscore their transformative potential in advancing materials science and technology.
基金西南大学中央高校基本科研业务费项目(SWU-KT22030)重庆市教育委员会科学技术研究项目(KJQN202300205)Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft(DFG,German Research Foundation,457444676).
文摘Diamond combines many unique properties,including high stability,strong optical dispersion,excellent mechanical strength,and outstanding thermal conductivity.Its structure,surface groups,and electrical conductivity are also tunable,increasing its functional versatility.These make diamond and its related materials,such as its composites,highly promising for various applications in energy fields.This review summarizes recent advances and key achievements in energy storage and conversion,covering electrochemical energy storage(e.g.,batteries and supercapacitors),electrocatalytic energy conversion(e.g.,CO_(2)and nitrogen reduction reactions),and solar energy conversion(e.g.,photo-(electro)chemical CO_(2)and nitrogen reduction reactions,and solar cells).Current challenges and prospects related to the synthesis of diamond materials and the technologies for their energy applications are outlined and discussed.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22471283 and 52202327)the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(23DZ1200800 and 22ZR1471300).
文摘Titanium suboxides,denoted as Ti_(n)O_(m)(O<m/n<2),represent a typical class of non-stoichiometric compounds characterized by a wide range of structures and physicochemical properties dependent on their variable titanium-to-oxygen ratios.This review systematically summarizes the crystallographic features,electronic structures,physical properties,and energy-related applications of Ti_(n)O_(m).As oxygen atoms are progressively removed from TiO_(2),the emergence of Ti-Ti metallic bonds transforms the compound from a semiconductor to a metallic conductor.The diverse configurations of Ti 3d orbital electrons impart unique physical properties to Ti_(n)O_(m),including superconductivity,charge density waves,and ferromagnetism.This article provides an in-depth analysis of how various synthesis methods influence the crystal structures of the obtained Ti_(n)O_(m).Due to their distinct energy band structures and physical characteristics,titanium suboxides demonstrate outstanding performance in applications such as electrochemical energy storage,thermoelectric conversion,electronic devices,catalysis,and microwave absorption.This review not only comprehensively presents the fundamental structures and properties of titanium suboxides,but also offers valuable insights to guide future research in this field.
基金supported by the U.S.National Science Foundation(Grant Number:2309030).
文摘Large language models(LLMs)are gaining attention due to their potential to enhance efficiency and sustainability in the building domain,a critical area for reducing global carbon emissions.Built on transformer architectures,LLMs excel at text generation and data analysis,enabling applications such as automated energy model generation,energy management optimization,and fault detection and diagnosis.These models can potentially streamline complex workflows,enhance decision-making,and improve energy efficiency.However,integrating LLMs into building energy systems poses challenges,including high computational demands,data preparation costs,and the need for domain-specific customization.This perspective paper explores the role of LLMs in the building energy system sector,highlighting their potential applications and limitations.We propose a development roadmap built on in-context learning,domain-specific fine-tuning,retrieval augmented generation,and multimodal integration to enhance LLMs’customization and practical use in this field.This paper aims to spark ideas for bridging the gap between LLMs capabilities and practical building applications,offering insights into the future of LLM-driven methods in building energy applications.
基金the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council(EPSRC)for funding the researchUK India Education Research Initiative(UKIERI)for funding support.
文摘This review provides an insightful and comprehensive exploration of the emerging 2D material borophene,both pristine and modified,emphasizing its unique attributes and potential for sustainable applications.Borophene’s distinctive properties include its anisotropic crystal structures that contribute to its exceptional mechanical and electronic properties.The material exhibits superior electrical and thermal conductivity,surpassing many other 2D materials.Borophene’s unique atomic spin arrangements further diversify its potential application for magnetism.Surface and interface engineering,through doping,functionalization,and synthesis of hybridized and nanocomposite borophene-based systems,is crucial for tailoring borophene’s properties to specific applications.This review aims to address this knowledge gap through a comprehensive and critical analysis of different synthetic and functionalisation methods,to enhance surface reactivity by increasing active sites through doping and surface modifications.These approaches optimize diffusion pathways improving accessibility for catalytic reactions,and tailor the electronic density to tune the optical and electronic behavior.Key applications explored include energy systems(batteries,supercapacitors,and hydrogen storage),catalysis for hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions,sensors,and optoelectronics for advanced photonic devices.The key to all these applications relies on strategies to introduce heteroatoms for tuning electronic and catalytic properties,employ chemical modifications to enhance stability and leverage borophene’s conductivity and reactivity for advanced photonics.Finally,the review addresses challenges and proposes solutions such as encapsulation,functionalization,and integration with composites to mitigate oxidation sensitivity and overcome scalability barriers,enabling sustainable,commercial-scale applications.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22201262 and 52201261)the Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province(No.222300420290)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2021M702939).
文摘Carbon-based dual-metal sites catalysts(DMSCs)have emerged as a new frontier in the field of sustainable energy due to their unique coordination environments,electronic structure,the maximized atom utilization.The reasonable utilization of carbonbased DMSCs provides new possibilities to achieve the outstanding catalytic performance,remarkable selectivity,recyclability in energy-related catalysis.Based on this,this review intends to summarize the recent breakthroughs in carbonbased DMSCs for the energy catalysis.Firstly,the definition and classifications of DMSCs are proposed,mainly dividing into three types(isolated dual-metal site pairs,binuclear homologous dual-metal sites pairs,binuclear heterologous dual-metal sites pairs).Subsequently,we discuss the potential of DMSCs targeting on energy conversion reactions,such as electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction(HER),oxygen evolution reaction(OER),oxygen reduction reaction(ORR),CO_(2)reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR),N_(2) reduction reaction(NRR).Finally,we predict the remaining challenges and possible opportunities on the unique carbon-based DMSCs for energy applications in the future.
基金This research was made possible as a result of a generous grant from the National Nature Science Foundation of China(grant nos.21790050,21790051,and 22005310)the National Key Research and Development Project of China(grant no.2018YFA0703501).
文摘After years of development,graphdiyne(GDY)has demonstrated the characteristics of transformative materials in many fields and has promoted great progress in fundamental and applied research.In practice,some important new concepts have been proposed,such as natural surface charge distribution inhomogeneity,multicavity space limiting effect,incomplete charge transfer effect on the atomic level,alkyne-alkene conversion of a chemical bond,in situ induction of constrained growth,reversible transition from high to low valence state,and so on.These characteristics originating from the special electronic structure and chemical structure of GDY have rapidly promoted the development of GDY science in recent years and produced many exciting results in fundamental and applied science.Therefore,we systematically introduce the recent theoretical and experimental progress of GDY in terms of its new structural,electronic,mechanical,thermal,and optical properties and its promising applications in the energy fields of membrane sciences,catalysis,energy storage,and conversion.Specifically,the great breakthrough of GDY zero-valence atomic catalysts,quantum dots catalysts,and heterostructure catalysts for catalytic applications are discussed in detail.We believe this review will provide some significant guidelines for the design and development of GDYbased high-performance materials and devices in energy fields.
文摘Renewable energy technologies are in the centre of interest to narrow the gap between fossil fuels and clean energy systems.The dominant role of solar energy systems among the alternatives is beyond question owing to being associated with an infinite energy source,well-documented theory,simplicity,eco-friendly structure and notably higher energy and exergy efficiency range compared to other renewables.However,in solar energy systems,conventional working fluids with poor thermophysical properties are still utilised.In other words,further improvements are still available in the said systems by the use of unique nanoparticles with superior thermal,electrical,optical and mechanical properties.Within the scope of this research,the applications of nanofluids in various solar energy systems such as tracking and non-tracking solar collectors,photovoltaic/thermal systems,solar thermoelectric devices,solar stills,solar thermal energy storage systems,solar greenhouses and solar ponds are comprehensively analysed.Relevant comparisons and discussions are proposed for the potential impacts of various nanofluids on coefficient of performance(COP)and thermodynamic performance figures of solar energy systems such as energy and exergy efficiency,effectiveness and productivity.Some challenges of nanofluids are also addressed which need to be resolved in further works.
基金financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grants 21871008,21801247 and 21905292)the Shanghai Science and Technology Innovation Action Plan(Program No.20dz1204400)the Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences,Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.QYZDJ-SSWJSC013)。
文摘Metal cyanamides are an emerging class of functional materials with potential applications in sustainable energy conversion and storage technologies such as catalysis,supercapacitors,photoluminescence and next-gen batteries.The[NCN]^(2-)as the anion,which is isolobal with[O]^(2-)endows metal cyanamides with similar physicochemical properties as oxides and chalcogenides.Whereas the unique quasI-linear structure and electronic resonance between[N=C=N]^(2-)and[N-C≡N]^(2-)of[NCN]entity bring out superior properties beyond oxides and chalcogenides.In this review,we present research status,challenges,and the recent striking progress on the metal cyanamides in the synthesis and applications.Specifically,the characteristic structures,physicochemical properties,synthetic methods with corresponding merits/demerits and latest applications in energy conversion and storage of cyanamides are summarized.The detailed outlooks for the new compounds design,morphology manipulation and potential applications are also exhibited.
基金National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2020YFB1712400).
文摘With the continuous advancement and exploration of science and technology,the future trend of energy technology will be the deep integration of digitization,networking,intelligence with energy applications.The increasing maturity of digital technologies,such as the Internet of Things,big data,and cloud computing,has given rise to the creation and use of a potential technology–Digital Twin.Currently,research on Digital Twin has produced many concepts and outcomes that have been applied in many fields.In the energy sector,while some relevant ideas and case studies of Digital Twin have been generated,there are still many gaps to be explored.As a potential technology with advantages in many aspects,Digital Twin is bound to generate more promotion and applications in the energy fields.This paper systematically reviews the existing Digital Twin approaches and their possible applications in the energy fields.In addition,this paper attempts to analyze Digital Twin from different perspectives,such as definitions,classifications,main features,case studies and key technologies.Finally,the directions and challenges of possible future applications of Digital Twin in the energy fields have been presented.
文摘Deep learning methods for image analysis are attracting increasing interest for application in a wide range of different research fields.Here we aim to systematically analyze and discuss the most relevant examples for the energy sector.To this,we perform a comprehensive literature screening on applications of deep learning methods for image analysis,classify the results in application macro-areas,and discuss the emerging trends on the available energy-related cases.The results of the analysis show that,while the exploitation of these methods for energy applications still appears to be at an early stage,the interest during the last years,in terms of number of published works,has considerably grown.To provide a systematic overview on the available energy-related examples,we present a schematic correlation chart mapping algorithms,tasks,and applications.The reported analysis is intended to provide an up-to-date overview on the current application trends and potential developments for energy applications in the next future.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 51772127, 51772131 and 52072151)Taishan Scholars (No. ts201712050)+2 种基金Jinan Independent Innovative Teamthe Natural Science Doctoral Foundation of Shandong Province (No. ZR2019BEM038)the Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Equipment for Biological Diagnosis and Therapy in Universities of Shandong。
文摘With the continuous development of two-dimensional (2D) transition metal carbides and nitrides(collectively referred to as MXene).Nowadays,more than 70 MXene materials have been discovered,and the number is still increasing.Among them,the V_(2)CT_(x) MXene has attracted considerable attentions due to its outstanding physical and chemical properties.In this review,we mainly discussed the emerging V_(2)CT_(x) MXene and its derivative systems in various energy storage devices.Firstly,an introduction of the V-based MXene and its derivatives along with their synthetic methodologies is provided,then we summarize their applications in specific energy storage devices,such as metal (Li,Na,K,Mg,Zn and Al) ion batteries,lithium-sulfur batteries,supercapacitors and metal-ion capacitors.Finally,the main challenges and future perspectives existing in V-based MXene and its derivatives are reasonably put forward.
