Objective:This study aimed to explore the clinical effect of acupuncture therapy for menstruation regu-lation and pregnancy promotion on thin endometrium in the real world.Design:This study is a single-center pragmati...Objective:This study aimed to explore the clinical effect of acupuncture therapy for menstruation regu-lation and pregnancy promotion on thin endometrium in the real world.Design:This study is a single-center pragmatic randomized controlled trial blinded to the statisticians.Using the“blockrand”software package,based on the age(≥35,<35),37 patients were randomized into an intervention group(19 cases)and a control group(18 cases).After reassignment regarding patient preference,21 patients were included in the intervention group and 16 in the control group.Setting:The trial was executed in the Specialty Outpatient Clinic,Acupuncture-Moxibustion Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences,from March 1,2019,to September 30,2020.Participants:The study included 37 patients with thin endometrium and without previous acupuncture treatment.Intervention:The intervention group was administered acupuncture for menstruation regulation and pregnancy promotion and a small-dose of progynova(2 mg daily),while the control group was adminis-tered a large-dose of progynova(4 mg daily).Interventions started from Day 5 of menstruation until the end of ovulation under B-ultrasound monitoring.The intervention lasted for three menstrual cycles.Measurements:Primary outcomes were changes in endometrial thickness between baseline and after intervention completion and the difference between the two groups after intervention.The secondary outcomes were endometrial and subendometrial blood flow,serum estradiol levels,menstrual conditions,and adverse reactions.Results:(1)Comparison of each indicator before and after intervention completion in the two groups:in the intervention group,the differences were significant in endometrial thickness,menstrual score,estra-diol(E2)level in ovulatory period,the pulsatility index(PI)and resistance index(RI)of uterine artery,the ratio of peak systolic velocity to end-diastolic velocity(S/D),the endometrial vascular index(VI),flow index(FI),and vascular flow index(VFI)and volume(P<0.01).In the control group,significant changes were observed in endometrial thickness,menstrual score,and E2 before and after the interven-tion(P<0.05),and no differences were observed in uterine artery PI,RI,S/D and endometrial VI,FI,VFI,and volume(P>0.05).Compared with the control group,the intervention group showed significant differences in endometrial thickness,menstrual score,E2,uterine artery PI,RI,S/D,and endometrial VI,FI,VFI,and volume after intervention(P<0.01).No adverse reactions were reported in the intervention group.In contrast,the control group had two cases of nausea and gastrointestinal discomfort after med-ication,eight cases of breast distention during medication,and one case of breast nodules enlarged by 1 cm after trial completion.展开更多
Background Proteome characterization of the porcine endometrium and extraembryonic membranes is important to understand mother-embryo cross-communication.In this study,the proteome of the endometrium and cho-rioallant...Background Proteome characterization of the porcine endometrium and extraembryonic membranes is important to understand mother-embryo cross-communication.In this study,the proteome of the endometrium and cho-rioallantoic membrane was characterized in pregnant sows(PS)during early gestation(d 18 and 24 of gestation)and in the endometrium of non-pregnant sows(NPS)during the same days using LC-MS/MS analysis.The UniProtKB database and ClueGO were used to obtain functional Gene Ontology annotations and biological and functional networks,respectively.Results Our analysis yielded 3,254 and 3,457 proteins identified in the endometrium of PS and NPS,respectively;of these,1,753 being common while 1,501 and 1,704 were exclusive to PS and NPS,respectively.In addition,we iden-tified 3,968 proteins in the extraembryonic membranes of PS.Further analyses of function revealed some proteins had relevance for the immune system process and biological adhesion in endometrium while the embryonic chorion displayed abundance of proteins related to cell adhesion and cytoskeletal organization,suggesting they dominated the moment of endometrial remodeling,implantation and adhesion of the lining epithelia.Data are available via Pro-teomeXchange with identifier PXD042565.Conclusion This is the first in-depth proteomic characterization of the endometrium and extraembryonic mem-branes during weeks 3 to 4 of gestation;data that contribute to the molecular understanding of the dynamic environ-ment during this critical period,associated with the majority of pregnancy losses.展开更多
Objective To investigate the expression of survivin gene among human normal endometrium,atypical hyperplasia of endometrium,and endometrial carcinoma.Methods Tissue samples of human normal endometrium during prolifera...Objective To investigate the expression of survivin gene among human normal endometrium,atypical hyperplasia of endometrium,and endometrial carcinoma.Methods Tissue samples of human normal endometrium during proliferative phase （NE,n=20）,atypical hyperplasia of endometrium （AHE,n=11）,and endometrial carcinoma （EC,n=9） were collected.Besides,Paraffin embedded sections of NE （n=20）,AHE （n=20）,and EC （n=20） were used.The expression of survivin gene was determined by immunohistochemistry and the real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction.Results Survivin immunostaining appeared in the cytoplasm of endometrial epithelial cells.Both survivin staining and mRNA had higher levels in AHE or EC than those in NE （P〈0.01）.No difference was found on survivin staining and mRNA between AHE and EC （P〉0.05）.Conclusion High expression of survivin gene in human endometrium is associated with the risk of atypical hyperplasia progressing to endometrial carcinoma.The high level of survivin expression is useful as a predictive indicator for endometrial carcinoma.展开更多
Background: Recent studies have revealed that noncoding RNAs play important regulatory roles in the formation of endometrial receptivity.Circular RNAs(circRNAs) are a universally expressed noncoding RNA species that h...Background: Recent studies have revealed that noncoding RNAs play important regulatory roles in the formation of endometrial receptivity.Circular RNAs(circRNAs) are a universally expressed noncoding RNA species that have been recently proposed to act as miRNA sponges that directly regulate expression of target genes or parental genes.Results: We used Illumina Solexa technology to analyze the expression profiles of circRNAs in the endometrium from three goats at gestational day 5(pre-receptive endometrium,PE) and three goats at gestational day 15(receptive endometrium,RE).Overall,21,813 circRNAs were identified,of which 5,925 circRNAs were specific to the RE and 9,078 were specific to the PE,which suggested high stage-specificity.Further analysis found 334 differentially expressed circRNAs in the RE compared with PE(P < 0.05).The analysis of the circRNA-miRNA interaction network further supported the idea that circRNAs act as miRNA sponges to regulate gene expression.Moreover,some circRNAs were regulated by estrogen(E2)/progesterone(P4) in endometrial epithelium cell lines(EECs) and endometrial stromal cell line(ESCs),and each circRNA molecule exhibited unique regulation characteristics with respect to E2 and P4.Conclusions: These data provide an endometrium circRNA expression atlas corresponding to the biology of the goat receptive endometrium during embryo implantation.展开更多
Erythropoietin-producing hepatocellular receptor and its membrane-bound ligands （Eph-Ephrin） system could regulate some mammalian blastocyst attachment and spreading. In order to investigate the involvement of the E...Erythropoietin-producing hepatocellular receptor and its membrane-bound ligands （Eph-Ephrin） system could regulate some mammalian blastocyst attachment and spreading. In order to investigate the involvement of the Eph-Ephrin system in swine embryo attachment, mRNA expression of Eph-Ephrin molecules in endometrium was examined by real-time RT- PCR during embryo implantation in pigs. The results indicated that mRNA expressions of Eph A5, A7 and Ephrin A5 all continually increased from pregnancy day 13 to 24. Ephrin A3 mRNA expression significantly increased from day 13 to 18 and decreased from day 18 to 24, and the expression was the lowest on pregnancy day l 3 and the highest on day 18. However, Ephrin A4 mRNA expression was the lowest on pregnancy day 18 and the highest on day 24, and the expression decreased from day 13 to 18 and increased from day 18 to 24. Furthermore, mRNA expressions of Eph A5 and A7 were both found in other tissues, such as brain, muscle, intestine, stomach, etc. These findings suggest that the Eph-Ephrin system may play an important role in regulating the contact between blastocysts and endometrium during swine embryo implantation.展开更多
In order To evaluate whether the parameters of spiral artery blood flow, as measured by transvaginal color Doppler, may be used to assess endometrium receptivity prior to embryo transfer (ET), a retrospective study of...In order To evaluate whether the parameters of spiral artery blood flow, as measured by transvaginal color Doppler, may be used to assess endometrium receptivity prior to embryo transfer (ET), a retrospective study of 94 infertile women who had undergone ART treatments with different outcomes (pregnant or nonpregnant) was done. Subendometrial blood flow was evaluated. The resistance index (RI), systolic/diastolic ratio (S/D) and pulsatility index (PI) were significantly lower in those who achieved pregnancy as compared with those who did not: 0.62±0.04 vs 0.68±0.04 (P<0.001), 2.66±0.33 vs 3.19±0.39 (P<0.01) and 1.15±0.17 vs 1.34±0.22 (P<0.05), respectively. Furthermore, when RI>0.72, PI>1.6, and S/D>3.6, no pregnancy occurred. These data suggest that the parameters of spiral artery blood flow could be used as a new assay in predicting endometrial receptivity before ET.展开更多
Stem cells can be obtained from women's menstrual blood derived from the endometrium.The cells display stem cell markers such as Oct-4,SSEA-4,Nanog,and c-kit(CD117),and have the potent ability to differentiate int...Stem cells can be obtained from women's menstrual blood derived from the endometrium.The cells display stem cell markers such as Oct-4,SSEA-4,Nanog,and c-kit(CD117),and have the potent ability to differentiate into various cell types,including the heart,nerve,bone,cartilage,and fat.There has been no evidence of teratoma,ectopic formation,or any immune response after transplantation into an animal model.These cells quickly regenerate after menstruation and secrete many growth factors to display recurrent angiogenesis.The plasticity and safety of the acquired cells have been demonstrated in many studies.Menstrual blood-derived stem cells(MenSCs) provide an alternative source of adult stem cells for research and application in regenerative medicine.Here we summarize the multipotent properties and the plasticities of MenSCs and other endometrial stem cells from recent studies conducted both in vitro and in vivo.展开更多
OBJECTIVE: To explore the effects of Taohong Siwu decoction(桃红四物汤, THSWD) on the extracellular matrix of endometrium in rats following drug-induced abortion.METHODS: Thirty-six pregnant female rats were administe...OBJECTIVE: To explore the effects of Taohong Siwu decoction(桃红四物汤, THSWD) on the extracellular matrix of endometrium in rats following drug-induced abortion.METHODS: Thirty-six pregnant female rats were administered mifepristone and misoprostol to induce abortion, and amounts of uterine bleeding were recorded. Pathological damage and collagen accumulation were detected by hematoxylin-eosin staining and Masson’s trichrome staining in uterus, respectively. Myeloperoxidase was evaluated by immunohistochemistry.The expression levels of fibronectin, laminin, matrix metalloproteinase 9(MMP-9), and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1(TIMP-1) were quantified using western blotting.RESULTS: THSWD could promote endometrial protection in rats following drug-induced abortion.The contents of cellulose and myeloperoxidase were significantly decreased in uterine tissue of THSWD-treated groups. Moreover, THSWD significantly decreased the expression levels of fibronectin, laminin, and TIMP-1. THSWD also significantly increased MMP-9 expression and the MMP-9/TIMP-1 ratio.CONCLUSION: THSWD plays a critical role in endometrial protection by reducing extracellular matrix deposition and uterine fibrosis. These effects may have been achieved by increasing MMP-9, reducing TIMP-1, and/or altering the ratio of MMP-9/TIMP-1.展开更多
Objective： To explore the effect of warming-needle moxibustion on the endometrial thickness and pregnancy outcome.Methods： Forty infertility women, selected from those who visited the TCM department of Maternity and...Objective： To explore the effect of warming-needle moxibustion on the endometrial thickness and pregnancy outcome.Methods： Forty infertility women, selected from those who visited the TCM department of Maternity and Child Care Centers in Fujian Province from October 2015 to October 2016, were enrolled in this study.These women had mature follicle and successful ovulation according to B ultrasound monitoring, but their endometrial thickness was thinner than 7 mm. The women were divided into warming-needle moxibustion group（group A. 20 cases） and medication group（group B, 20 cases）. In group A, acupuncture,warming-needle moxibustion and electroacupuncture were conducted at different clinical stage. In group B, progynova was given to the patients from the 7 th day of menstruation to the 14 th day after ovulation（2 tablets, bid oral administration in the morning and evening）. The treatment lasted for 3 menstrual cycles, and the endometrial thickness changes and pregnancy rate of the patients in the two groups were compared after treatment.Results： The endometrial thickness of patients in the two groups increased after treatment when compared with the thickness before treatment. The average endometrial thickness in group A increased from（5.23 ±1.57） mm before treatment to（8.31 ±2.80） mm after treatment, while the average endometrial thickness in group B increased from（5.27 士 0.99） mm before treatment to（8.32 ±1.97） mm after treatment, and the differences were statistically significant（both P〈0.05）. The increase of endometrial thickness of the patients in group A after treatment was slightly larger than that in group B, and the difference was not statistically significant（P〉0.05）. After treatment for 3 menstrual cycles, the pregnancy rate of infertility women in group A was 25%（5/20） and 15%（3/20） in group B.Conclusion： Warming-needle moxibustion can increase the endometrial thickness to a certain extent,thus improving the endometrial receptivity, enhancing the embryo implantation rate, and improving the pregnancy outcome.展开更多
Endometrial development is a complicated process involving numerous regulatory factors.Circular RNAs(circRNAs)have been known as a member of the naturally occurring non-coding RNA family,and are reportedly crucial for...Endometrial development is a complicated process involving numerous regulatory factors.Circular RNAs(circRNAs)have been known as a member of the naturally occurring non-coding RNA family,and are reportedly crucial for a variety of physiological processes.This study investigated the circRNA landscape of non-pregnant endometrium of dairy goats during estrus.Non-pregnant endometrial samples of goats at estrus day 5(Ed5)and estrus day 15(Ed15)were used to methodically analyze the circRNA landscape using strand-specific Ribo-Zero RNA-Seq.A total of 2331 differentially expressed(P<0.05)circRNAs(DEciRs)between Ed5 and Ed15 were discovered in the goat endometrium.It was found that Nipped-B-like(NIPBL)and calcium responsive transcription factor(CARF)may participate in the development of the endometrium by decreasing(P<0.05)the levels of their circRNA-transcript forms.Furthermore,Gene Ontology(GO)and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)analyses of DEciR host genes(hgDEciRs)revealed that tight junctions and GTPases may be involved in endometrial development during the estrus cycle.A total of 2331 DEciRs were discovered in the endometrium at Ed5 and Ed15.Based on GO and KEGG enrichment analyses,it could be inferred that tight junctions and GTPases are likely to play an important role in the development of goat endometrium during the estrus cycle.This circRNA study greatly enhances our knowledge of global trends in the development of non-pregnant endometrium during the estrus cycle in goats;these results help us to better understand the molecular regulation of endometrial development in dairy goats.展开更多
Objective To investigate the relation between hysteroscopic finding and pinopodes expression, meanwhile to explore whether hysteroscopic finding was a predictor of reproductive outcome for infertile women. Methods A t...Objective To investigate the relation between hysteroscopic finding and pinopodes expression, meanwhile to explore whether hysteroscopic finding was a predictor of reproductive outcome for infertile women. Methods A total of 79 infertile patients underwent hysteroscopic assessement of the midsecretory endometrium and hormonal measurement 7 9 d after a spontaneous ovulation assessed with transvaginal ultrasound. Pinopodes expression by scanning electron microscope was examined simultaneously in randomly selected 32 patients. All patients were followed up to determine their reproductive outcomes. Results Twenty-six （32.9%） patients were diagnosed as having ＇good＇ midsecretory endometrium and 53 （67.1%） as ＇poor＇ midsecretory endometrium by hysteroscopy. There were no significant differences of endometrial thickness and pattern in the ＇good＇ group compared with the ＇poor＇ group. Serum progesterone level in the ＂good＇ group was apparently higher than that in the ＇poor＇ group （P=0.025）, but no correlation was observed between serum oestradiol level and hysteroscopic finding. Significant differences of the development stage and number of pinopodes were observed between the two groups （P〈O.05）. The pregnancy rate was significantly higher in the ＇good＇ group （53.9%） than in the ＇poor＇ group （26.4%） （P=O.O17）. Conclusion The hysteroscopic appearance of the midsecretory endometrium is associated with serum progesterone level and pinopodes expression, which provides prognostic information with regard to the reproductive outcome of infertile women.展开更多
Background:Endometriosis can lead to infertility.Since there is no definitive treat-ment for endometriosis,animal modelling seems necessary to examine the possible treatments.Mouse endometrium cannot be separated for ...Background:Endometriosis can lead to infertility.Since there is no definitive treat-ment for endometriosis,animal modelling seems necessary to examine the possible treatments.Mouse endometrium cannot be separated for endometriosis induc-tion.In addition,transplantation of uterus into the abdominal viscera to induce endometriosis causes organ damage.In this study,we defined a new model of en-dometriosis leading to separability of endometrium and a safe anatomical region for transplantation.Methods:Forty female mice were allocated to 5 groups:1,sham;2,allograft uterus transplantation of mice to anterior abdominal wall of mice;3,allograft uterus trans-plantation of mice to mesentery of mice;4,xenograft endometrial transplantation of rat to anterior abdominal wall of mice;5,xenograft endometrial transplantation of rat to mesentery of mice.Adult female rats with a previous pregnancy experience were selected and placed in the vicinity of male rats for 2 weeks to induce estrogen secre-tion and increase endometrial thickness.Results:In the 4th group of animals,compared to sham,the peritoneal concentrations of VEGF-A,TNF-α,NO,MDA,and serum levels of CA-125 and IL-37 were increased and total body weight was decreased,while weight and size of endometrial lesions were increased significantly(P<.05).Genes expression of HOXA10 and HOXA11 were decreased significantly(P<.05)in groups 2 and 4 compared to sham.Conclusions:Xenograft transplantation of endometrium from rat to anterior abdomi-nal wall of mice can potentially mimic human endometriosis morphologically,histo-logically,and genetically.展开更多
Objective To investigate the expression of Calbindin-d28k （CaBP-d28k） in human endometrium. Methods Thirty-three samples of human normal endometrial tissues were divided into 6 groups： early proliferative stage （n...Objective To investigate the expression of Calbindin-d28k （CaBP-d28k） in human endometrium. Methods Thirty-three samples of human normal endometrial tissues were divided into 6 groups： early proliferative stage （n =6）, mid proliferative stage （n =5）, late proliferative stage （n=5）, early secretory stage （n=7）, mid secretory stage （n=5） and late secretory stage （n=5）. The expression and change of CaBP-d28k protein and gene were determined by immunohistochemistry and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction methods. Results In endometrial samples, the expression of CaBP-d28k protein was mainly observed in the cytoplasm of luminal and glandular epithelium. In the menstrual cycle, the level of CaBP-d28k protein in the epithelium was the lowest during the early and mid proliferative stages, and was the highest during the mid secretory stage, then decreased in the late secretory stage （P〈0.05）. In the stroma, the expressed type of CaBP-d28k protein was the same as in the epithelium, but was lower than that in the epithelium（P〈0.05）. The CaBP-d28k mRNA was at the lowest level in the early proliferative stage（P〈0.05）, and significantly increased in the late proliferative, and early, mid secretory stages （P〈0. 05）. Conclusion Both CaBP-d28k protein and gene were expressed in human endometrium, and their expression had cyclic changes.展开更多
Homeobox A10 （HOXA 10） is a well-known transcription factor that plays an important role in directing endometrial differ- entiation and establishing the conditions required for implantation. Interestingly, the expre...Homeobox A10 （HOXA 10） is a well-known transcription factor that plays an important role in directing endometrial differ- entiation and establishing the conditions required for implantation. Interestingly, the expression level of HOXAIO may be associated with litter size. To study the effects of the porcine HOXAIO promoter fragment on the expression of HOXAIO gene in vivo, we generated a transgenic mouse model using pronuclear microinjection, and measured the expression of HOXAIO in the endometrium. There was no difference in the expression level of HOXAIO between transgenic and wild- type mice in the absence of hormone stimulation. However, following treatment with progesterone and estradiol benzoate, the expression level of HOXAIO was significantly increased in transgenic mice compared with that of wild-type mice. Fur- thermore, the litter size of transgenic females was larger than that of wild-type females （7.02±1.73 vs. 6.48＋1.85; P=0.14）. Moreover, the difference of litter size was greater in the later parities （7.33±1.62 vs. 6.37±2.02; P=0.08） compared with the first parity （6.76±1.81 vs. 6.61v1.67; P=0.77） between transgenic and wild-type mice. Therefore, our transgenic mouse model provides exciting insights regarding the actions of HOXAIO and its hormone-inducible promoter in vivo. The present study offers valuable proof of principle to develop transgenic pigs with a hormone-inducible promoter regulating HOXAIO to alter litter size.展开更多
The activity of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in the uterine flushing and endometrial tissue of normal adult women wearing FCu IUD (fixed Cu IUD) or FICu IUD (indomethacin releasing FCu IUD) was observed by us...The activity of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in the uterine flushing and endometrial tissue of normal adult women wearing FCu IUD (fixed Cu IUD) or FICu IUD (indomethacin releasing FCu IUD) was observed by using zymography on SDS PAGE containing gelatin. The results showed that the activity and kinds of MMPs in FCu IUD group were increased significantly as compared with themselves before being inserted FCu IUD. However, compared with the FCu IUD group, the activity of some kinds of MMPs in the FICu IUD group was decreased significantly. These data suggest that IUD can enhance the activity of MMPs in human endometrium, intermediated by prostaglandins, and MMPs may have relation to IUD induced menorrhagia and indomethacin reduces IUD induced menorrhagia by partly inhibiting MMPs synthesis.展开更多
The expression of Aurora B in normal endometria and endometrial carcinomas and its relation with clinicopathologic parameters of endometrial carcinomas were investigated. Streptavidin-biotin peroxidase （SP） immunohi...The expression of Aurora B in normal endometria and endometrial carcinomas and its relation with clinicopathologic parameters of endometrial carcinomas were investigated. Streptavidin-biotin peroxidase （SP） immunohistochemical technique was used to detect the expression of Aurora B in 10 cases of normal proliferative phase endometria, 10 cases of normal secretory phase endometria and 72 cases of endometrial carcinomas respectively. According to the 1988 International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics （FIGO） grade, there were 37 patients in grade 1, 23 in grade 2 and 12 in grade 3 respectively. According to the FIGO stage, there were 59 patients in stage Ⅰ-Ⅱ and 13 patients in stage Ⅲ-Ⅳ. Aurora B was expressed in both normal proliferative phase endometria, secretory phase endometria and endometrial carcinomas, but its positive labeling index （PLI） in proliferative phase endometria was significantly higher than that in secretory phase endometria （P〈0.01） and endometrial carcinomas （P〈0.01）. The PLI of Aurora B was lower in tumors with well differentiation （G1）, low surgical staging （Ⅰ-Ⅱ）, and ≤1/2 myometrial invasion than that in tumors with moderate and low differentiation （G2--G3）, higher surgical staging （Ⅲ-Ⅳ）, and 〉1/2 myometrial invasion （all P〈0.01）. Aurora B exerts its functions in the replication of normal endometrial glandular cells; Expression of Aurora B is significantly correlated with biologic behavior of endometrial carcinoma, indicating that Aurora B may be a promising prognostic factor in endometrial carcinoma.展开更多
Objective To study HOXAll expression and its correlation with that of the progesterone receptor (PR) gene in human endometriumMethods In situ hybridization and semi-quantitative RT-PCR were used. Results HOXAll mRNA w...Objective To study HOXAll expression and its correlation with that of the progesterone receptor (PR) gene in human endometriumMethods In situ hybridization and semi-quantitative RT-PCR were used. Results HOXAll mRNA was detected in both stromal and glandular cells of normal endometrium by in situ hybridization. But the expression levels in the glandular cells had a dramatic decline or even disappearance at mid-secretory stage. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR analysis, however, demonstrated that the total expression levels of HOXAll mRNA were markedly increased in the mid-secretory endometrium, which suggested that there was an increased expression in stromal cells. Similar results were obtained for PR gene expression in human endometrium by in situ hybridization and semi-quantitative RT-PCR analysis.Conclusion HOXAll gene spatial and temporal expression patterns were similar to that of PR gene in endometrium across menstrual cycle, and HOXAll was closely related to the endometrial proliferation and differentiation during menstrual cycle, especially the establishment of receptive status in implantation.展开更多
Objective:The aim of this study was to determine the expression of Hoxa 10 in endometrium during the menstrual cycle and their response to sex steroids and HB-EGF.Methods:Forty endometrial samples from regularly cycli...Objective:The aim of this study was to determine the expression of Hoxa 10 in endometrium during the menstrual cycle and their response to sex steroids and HB-EGF.Methods:Forty endometrial samples from regularly cycling women were studied.The endometrial epithelial(EEC)and stromal(ESC)cells isolated by collagenase Ⅰ digestion and mechanical dissociation was cultured from every sample.The endometrial stromal cells(ESC)were incubated with 17-beta estradiol(10-8mol/L),medroxyprogesterone acetate(MPA)(10-6mol/L),RU486(10-8mol/L)or HB-EGF(10ng/ml)for 48 hours respectively.The expression of Hoxa10 mRNA was demonstrated by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR).Result:Hoxa10 showed a regulated cycle phase-dependent expression pattern in stromal cells and epithelial cells.Hoxa10 expression dramatically increased during the midsecretory phase of the menstrual cycle,at the time of implantation.The expression of Hoxa10 in cultured endometrial stromal cells was stimulated by estrogen,progesterone and HB-EGF.Conclusion:The cycle phase-specific expression of Hoxa10 and up-regulated by sex steroids and HB-EGF suggests a tight regulation and establishing conditions necessary for implantation.展开更多
Objective To investigate the expression of TRAIL in mouse uterine endometrium during embryo implantation and its role in the apoptosis of decidual cells. Methods Expression of TRAIL in uterine endometrium of pregnan...Objective To investigate the expression of TRAIL in mouse uterine endometrium during embryo implantation and its role in the apoptosis of decidual cells. Methods Expression of TRAIL in uterine endometrium of pregnant mouse from d 1 to d 8 was detected with RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. Results The expressed level of TRAIL mRNA in uterine endometrium of pregnant mouse from d 1 to d 8 was higher during embryo implantation than that prior to embryo implantation （P〈0.05）. No expression of TRAIL protein in mouse utrine endometrium was detected through d 1 to d 3. However, TRAIL protein was found in the luminal epithelial cells to which embryos attached on d 4. Moreover, TRAIL was expressed solely in decidual cells around invadting embryos through d 5 to d 6 while in trophoblastic cells adjacent to decidua through d 7 to d 8. Conclusion Apoptosis of luminal epithelial cells of endometrium induced by TRAIL could be one of mechanisms with which embryos penertrated the epithelial barrier, and apoptosis of both decidual cells and trophoblastic cells induced by TRAIL may play an important role during accruate invasion of trophoblastic cells.展开更多
Objective To determine whether formation of the nucleolar channel system (NCS) in human endometrium depends on the presence of progesteronal steroids. Materials & Methods Tissues of late proliferative endometrium ...Objective To determine whether formation of the nucleolar channel system (NCS) in human endometrium depends on the presence of progesteronal steroids. Materials & Methods Tissues of late proliferative endometrium were obtained from 5 normally cycling women of reproductive age. Half of each tissue was cultured in the DMEM medium containing diethylstilbesterol (25 μg/mL) plus medroxyprogesterone acetate (25 μg/mL) (E + P culture). As a control, the other half was cultured in the medium alone. After 100 h incubation, the tissues were assessed for the formation of NCS with transmission electron microscope.Results NCS was observed in the endometrial epithelium treated with E + P or the medium alone. Moreover, giant mitochondria and glycogen accumulation were both seen in epithelia derived from both types of cultures.Conclusion Progesterone would be not indispensable for the formation of NCS in human endometrium. Transition of proliferative endometrium to the secretory stage in vitro could occur even in the absence of both estrogen and progesterone.展开更多
基金Supported by Special Funds for Basic Scientific Research of Central Public Welfare Research Institutes:201814006。
文摘Objective:This study aimed to explore the clinical effect of acupuncture therapy for menstruation regu-lation and pregnancy promotion on thin endometrium in the real world.Design:This study is a single-center pragmatic randomized controlled trial blinded to the statisticians.Using the“blockrand”software package,based on the age(≥35,<35),37 patients were randomized into an intervention group(19 cases)and a control group(18 cases).After reassignment regarding patient preference,21 patients were included in the intervention group and 16 in the control group.Setting:The trial was executed in the Specialty Outpatient Clinic,Acupuncture-Moxibustion Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences,from March 1,2019,to September 30,2020.Participants:The study included 37 patients with thin endometrium and without previous acupuncture treatment.Intervention:The intervention group was administered acupuncture for menstruation regulation and pregnancy promotion and a small-dose of progynova(2 mg daily),while the control group was adminis-tered a large-dose of progynova(4 mg daily).Interventions started from Day 5 of menstruation until the end of ovulation under B-ultrasound monitoring.The intervention lasted for three menstrual cycles.Measurements:Primary outcomes were changes in endometrial thickness between baseline and after intervention completion and the difference between the two groups after intervention.The secondary outcomes were endometrial and subendometrial blood flow,serum estradiol levels,menstrual conditions,and adverse reactions.Results:(1)Comparison of each indicator before and after intervention completion in the two groups:in the intervention group,the differences were significant in endometrial thickness,menstrual score,estra-diol(E2)level in ovulatory period,the pulsatility index(PI)and resistance index(RI)of uterine artery,the ratio of peak systolic velocity to end-diastolic velocity(S/D),the endometrial vascular index(VI),flow index(FI),and vascular flow index(VFI)and volume(P<0.01).In the control group,significant changes were observed in endometrial thickness,menstrual score,and E2 before and after the interven-tion(P<0.05),and no differences were observed in uterine artery PI,RI,S/D and endometrial VI,FI,VFI,and volume(P>0.05).Compared with the control group,the intervention group showed significant differences in endometrial thickness,menstrual score,E2,uterine artery PI,RI,S/D,and endometrial VI,FI,VFI,and volume after intervention(P<0.01).No adverse reactions were reported in the intervention group.In contrast,the control group had two cases of nausea and gastrointestinal discomfort after med-ication,eight cases of breast distention during medication,and one case of breast nodules enlarged by 1 cm after trial completion.
基金This research was funded by the MCIN/AEI/https://doi.org/10.13039/501100011033,ERDF(PID2022137645OB-I00),Madrid,SpainFundacion Seneca(19892/GERM/15),Murcia,Spainthe Swedish Research Council FORMAS(Project 2019-00288),Stockholm,Sweden.
文摘Background Proteome characterization of the porcine endometrium and extraembryonic membranes is important to understand mother-embryo cross-communication.In this study,the proteome of the endometrium and cho-rioallantoic membrane was characterized in pregnant sows(PS)during early gestation(d 18 and 24 of gestation)and in the endometrium of non-pregnant sows(NPS)during the same days using LC-MS/MS analysis.The UniProtKB database and ClueGO were used to obtain functional Gene Ontology annotations and biological and functional networks,respectively.Results Our analysis yielded 3,254 and 3,457 proteins identified in the endometrium of PS and NPS,respectively;of these,1,753 being common while 1,501 and 1,704 were exclusive to PS and NPS,respectively.In addition,we iden-tified 3,968 proteins in the extraembryonic membranes of PS.Further analyses of function revealed some proteins had relevance for the immune system process and biological adhesion in endometrium while the embryonic chorion displayed abundance of proteins related to cell adhesion and cytoskeletal organization,suggesting they dominated the moment of endometrial remodeling,implantation and adhesion of the lining epithelia.Data are available via Pro-teomeXchange with identifier PXD042565.Conclusion This is the first in-depth proteomic characterization of the endometrium and extraembryonic mem-branes during weeks 3 to 4 of gestation;data that contribute to the molecular understanding of the dynamic environ-ment during this critical period,associated with the majority of pregnancy losses.
文摘Objective To investigate the expression of survivin gene among human normal endometrium,atypical hyperplasia of endometrium,and endometrial carcinoma.Methods Tissue samples of human normal endometrium during proliferative phase （NE,n=20）,atypical hyperplasia of endometrium （AHE,n=11）,and endometrial carcinoma （EC,n=9） were collected.Besides,Paraffin embedded sections of NE （n=20）,AHE （n=20）,and EC （n=20） were used.The expression of survivin gene was determined by immunohistochemistry and the real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction.Results Survivin immunostaining appeared in the cytoplasm of endometrial epithelial cells.Both survivin staining and mRNA had higher levels in AHE or EC than those in NE （P〈0.01）.No difference was found on survivin staining and mRNA between AHE and EC （P〉0.05）.Conclusion High expression of survivin gene in human endometrium is associated with the risk of atypical hyperplasia progressing to endometrial carcinoma.The high level of survivin expression is useful as a predictive indicator for endometrial carcinoma.
基金supported by PhD research startup foundation of Northwest A&F University(00400/Z109021811)National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFD0500508)Shaanxi Science and Technology Innovation Project Plan(2015KTCQ03–08)
文摘Background: Recent studies have revealed that noncoding RNAs play important regulatory roles in the formation of endometrial receptivity.Circular RNAs(circRNAs) are a universally expressed noncoding RNA species that have been recently proposed to act as miRNA sponges that directly regulate expression of target genes or parental genes.Results: We used Illumina Solexa technology to analyze the expression profiles of circRNAs in the endometrium from three goats at gestational day 5(pre-receptive endometrium,PE) and three goats at gestational day 15(receptive endometrium,RE).Overall,21,813 circRNAs were identified,of which 5,925 circRNAs were specific to the RE and 9,078 were specific to the PE,which suggested high stage-specificity.Further analysis found 334 differentially expressed circRNAs in the RE compared with PE(P < 0.05).The analysis of the circRNA-miRNA interaction network further supported the idea that circRNAs act as miRNA sponges to regulate gene expression.Moreover,some circRNAs were regulated by estrogen(E2)/progesterone(P4) in endometrial epithelium cell lines(EECs) and endometrial stromal cell line(ESCs),and each circRNA molecule exhibited unique regulation characteristics with respect to E2 and P4.Conclusions: These data provide an endometrium circRNA expression atlas corresponding to the biology of the goat receptive endometrium during embryo implantation.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (30771540)the National High-Technology Research Development Program of China (2007AA10Z166)
文摘Erythropoietin-producing hepatocellular receptor and its membrane-bound ligands （Eph-Ephrin） system could regulate some mammalian blastocyst attachment and spreading. In order to investigate the involvement of the Eph-Ephrin system in swine embryo attachment, mRNA expression of Eph-Ephrin molecules in endometrium was examined by real-time RT- PCR during embryo implantation in pigs. The results indicated that mRNA expressions of Eph A5, A7 and Ephrin A5 all continually increased from pregnancy day 13 to 24. Ephrin A3 mRNA expression significantly increased from day 13 to 18 and decreased from day 18 to 24, and the expression was the lowest on pregnancy day l 3 and the highest on day 18. However, Ephrin A4 mRNA expression was the lowest on pregnancy day 18 and the highest on day 24, and the expression decreased from day 13 to 18 and increased from day 18 to 24. Furthermore, mRNA expressions of Eph A5 and A7 were both found in other tissues, such as brain, muscle, intestine, stomach, etc. These findings suggest that the Eph-Ephrin system may play an important role in regulating the contact between blastocysts and endometrium during swine embryo implantation.
文摘In order To evaluate whether the parameters of spiral artery blood flow, as measured by transvaginal color Doppler, may be used to assess endometrium receptivity prior to embryo transfer (ET), a retrospective study of 94 infertile women who had undergone ART treatments with different outcomes (pregnant or nonpregnant) was done. Subendometrial blood flow was evaluated. The resistance index (RI), systolic/diastolic ratio (S/D) and pulsatility index (PI) were significantly lower in those who achieved pregnancy as compared with those who did not: 0.62±0.04 vs 0.68±0.04 (P<0.001), 2.66±0.33 vs 3.19±0.39 (P<0.01) and 1.15±0.17 vs 1.34±0.22 (P<0.05), respectively. Furthermore, when RI>0.72, PI>1.6, and S/D>3.6, no pregnancy occurred. These data suggest that the parameters of spiral artery blood flow could be used as a new assay in predicting endometrial receptivity before ET.
基金Project supported by the National Science and Technology Major Project of China (No. 2008ZX10002-009)the National Basic Research Program (973) of China (No. 2007CB513001)
文摘Stem cells can be obtained from women's menstrual blood derived from the endometrium.The cells display stem cell markers such as Oct-4,SSEA-4,Nanog,and c-kit(CD117),and have the potent ability to differentiate into various cell types,including the heart,nerve,bone,cartilage,and fat.There has been no evidence of teratoma,ectopic formation,or any immune response after transplantation into an animal model.These cells quickly regenerate after menstruation and secrete many growth factors to display recurrent angiogenesis.The plasticity and safety of the acquired cells have been demonstrated in many studies.Menstrual blood-derived stem cells(MenSCs) provide an alternative source of adult stem cells for research and application in regenerative medicine.Here we summarize the multipotent properties and the plasticities of MenSCs and other endometrial stem cells from recent studies conducted both in vitro and in vivo.
基金Supported by Natural Science Foundation-funded Projects: Regulation Effect of Taohong-Siwu Decoction on Alpha-granule Release of Platelet in Postpartum Blood Stasis, its Active Compounds and Action Pathway (No. 81473387)Mechanism Research of Taohong-Siwu Decoction in Regulating Brain Microvascular Angiogenesis of MACO Rats Based on Platelet Microparticles as a Plaletet-Brain Microvascular Cell Messenger (No. 81503291)Natural Science Foundation Projects of Anhui Colleges and Universities: Based on the Crosstalk of NLRP3-Caspase-1 and VEGF-Notch to Explore the Effect of THSWD Regulation of "Dispelling Stasis to Promote Regeneration" by the Interaction Between Pyroptosis and Angiogenesis After Cerebral Ischemia and Reperfusion (No. KJ2019A0467)。
文摘OBJECTIVE: To explore the effects of Taohong Siwu decoction(桃红四物汤, THSWD) on the extracellular matrix of endometrium in rats following drug-induced abortion.METHODS: Thirty-six pregnant female rats were administered mifepristone and misoprostol to induce abortion, and amounts of uterine bleeding were recorded. Pathological damage and collagen accumulation were detected by hematoxylin-eosin staining and Masson’s trichrome staining in uterus, respectively. Myeloperoxidase was evaluated by immunohistochemistry.The expression levels of fibronectin, laminin, matrix metalloproteinase 9(MMP-9), and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1(TIMP-1) were quantified using western blotting.RESULTS: THSWD could promote endometrial protection in rats following drug-induced abortion.The contents of cellulose and myeloperoxidase were significantly decreased in uterine tissue of THSWD-treated groups. Moreover, THSWD significantly decreased the expression levels of fibronectin, laminin, and TIMP-1. THSWD also significantly increased MMP-9 expression and the MMP-9/TIMP-1 ratio.CONCLUSION: THSWD plays a critical role in endometrial protection by reducing extracellular matrix deposition and uterine fibrosis. These effects may have been achieved by increasing MMP-9, reducing TIMP-1, and/or altering the ratio of MMP-9/TIMP-1.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China:81302998Science and Technology Planning project of Fujian Provincial Department of Science and Technology:20145Y0002+1 种基金TCM Scientific Research project of Fujian Provincial Health Department:wzfg201304Youth Scientific Research project of Fujian Provincial Health Department:2014-1-20~~
文摘Objective： To explore the effect of warming-needle moxibustion on the endometrial thickness and pregnancy outcome.Methods： Forty infertility women, selected from those who visited the TCM department of Maternity and Child Care Centers in Fujian Province from October 2015 to October 2016, were enrolled in this study.These women had mature follicle and successful ovulation according to B ultrasound monitoring, but their endometrial thickness was thinner than 7 mm. The women were divided into warming-needle moxibustion group（group A. 20 cases） and medication group（group B, 20 cases）. In group A, acupuncture,warming-needle moxibustion and electroacupuncture were conducted at different clinical stage. In group B, progynova was given to the patients from the 7 th day of menstruation to the 14 th day after ovulation（2 tablets, bid oral administration in the morning and evening）. The treatment lasted for 3 menstrual cycles, and the endometrial thickness changes and pregnancy rate of the patients in the two groups were compared after treatment.Results： The endometrial thickness of patients in the two groups increased after treatment when compared with the thickness before treatment. The average endometrial thickness in group A increased from（5.23 ±1.57） mm before treatment to（8.31 ±2.80） mm after treatment, while the average endometrial thickness in group B increased from（5.27 士 0.99） mm before treatment to（8.32 ±1.97） mm after treatment, and the differences were statistically significant（both P〈0.05）. The increase of endometrial thickness of the patients in group A after treatment was slightly larger than that in group B, and the difference was not statistically significant（P〉0.05）. After treatment for 3 menstrual cycles, the pregnancy rate of infertility women in group A was 25%（5/20） and 15%（3/20） in group B.Conclusion： Warming-needle moxibustion can increase the endometrial thickness to a certain extent,thus improving the endometrial receptivity, enhancing the embryo implantation rate, and improving the pregnancy outcome.
基金the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2019M653776,2020M673516)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFD0500508)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province,China(2020JQ-265)the PhD research startup foundation of Northwest A&F University,China(00400/Z109021811)。
文摘Endometrial development is a complicated process involving numerous regulatory factors.Circular RNAs(circRNAs)have been known as a member of the naturally occurring non-coding RNA family,and are reportedly crucial for a variety of physiological processes.This study investigated the circRNA landscape of non-pregnant endometrium of dairy goats during estrus.Non-pregnant endometrial samples of goats at estrus day 5(Ed5)and estrus day 15(Ed15)were used to methodically analyze the circRNA landscape using strand-specific Ribo-Zero RNA-Seq.A total of 2331 differentially expressed(P<0.05)circRNAs(DEciRs)between Ed5 and Ed15 were discovered in the goat endometrium.It was found that Nipped-B-like(NIPBL)and calcium responsive transcription factor(CARF)may participate in the development of the endometrium by decreasing(P<0.05)the levels of their circRNA-transcript forms.Furthermore,Gene Ontology(GO)and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)analyses of DEciR host genes(hgDEciRs)revealed that tight junctions and GTPases may be involved in endometrial development during the estrus cycle.A total of 2331 DEciRs were discovered in the endometrium at Ed5 and Ed15.Based on GO and KEGG enrichment analyses,it could be inferred that tight junctions and GTPases are likely to play an important role in the development of goat endometrium during the estrus cycle.This circRNA study greatly enhances our knowledge of global trends in the development of non-pregnant endometrium during the estrus cycle in goats;these results help us to better understand the molecular regulation of endometrial development in dairy goats.
基金supported by Science and Technology Department of Guangdong Province, China (Project Grant #2007B030501011)Population and Family Planning Council of Guangdong Province, China (Project Grant #2006004)
文摘Objective To investigate the relation between hysteroscopic finding and pinopodes expression, meanwhile to explore whether hysteroscopic finding was a predictor of reproductive outcome for infertile women. Methods A total of 79 infertile patients underwent hysteroscopic assessement of the midsecretory endometrium and hormonal measurement 7 9 d after a spontaneous ovulation assessed with transvaginal ultrasound. Pinopodes expression by scanning electron microscope was examined simultaneously in randomly selected 32 patients. All patients were followed up to determine their reproductive outcomes. Results Twenty-six （32.9%） patients were diagnosed as having ＇good＇ midsecretory endometrium and 53 （67.1%） as ＇poor＇ midsecretory endometrium by hysteroscopy. There were no significant differences of endometrial thickness and pattern in the ＇good＇ group compared with the ＇poor＇ group. Serum progesterone level in the ＂good＇ group was apparently higher than that in the ＇poor＇ group （P=0.025）, but no correlation was observed between serum oestradiol level and hysteroscopic finding. Significant differences of the development stage and number of pinopodes were observed between the two groups （P〈O.05）. The pregnancy rate was significantly higher in the ＇good＇ group （53.9%） than in the ＇poor＇ group （26.4%） （P=O.O17）. Conclusion The hysteroscopic appearance of the midsecretory endometrium is associated with serum progesterone level and pinopodes expression, which provides prognostic information with regard to the reproductive outcome of infertile women.
基金The financial support was prepared by the Research Council of Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences for PhD thesis(Research project No.4000077).
文摘Background:Endometriosis can lead to infertility.Since there is no definitive treat-ment for endometriosis,animal modelling seems necessary to examine the possible treatments.Mouse endometrium cannot be separated for endometriosis induc-tion.In addition,transplantation of uterus into the abdominal viscera to induce endometriosis causes organ damage.In this study,we defined a new model of en-dometriosis leading to separability of endometrium and a safe anatomical region for transplantation.Methods:Forty female mice were allocated to 5 groups:1,sham;2,allograft uterus transplantation of mice to anterior abdominal wall of mice;3,allograft uterus trans-plantation of mice to mesentery of mice;4,xenograft endometrial transplantation of rat to anterior abdominal wall of mice;5,xenograft endometrial transplantation of rat to mesentery of mice.Adult female rats with a previous pregnancy experience were selected and placed in the vicinity of male rats for 2 weeks to induce estrogen secre-tion and increase endometrial thickness.Results:In the 4th group of animals,compared to sham,the peritoneal concentrations of VEGF-A,TNF-α,NO,MDA,and serum levels of CA-125 and IL-37 were increased and total body weight was decreased,while weight and size of endometrial lesions were increased significantly(P<.05).Genes expression of HOXA10 and HOXA11 were decreased significantly(P<.05)in groups 2 and 4 compared to sham.Conclusions:Xenograft transplantation of endometrium from rat to anterior abdomi-nal wall of mice can potentially mimic human endometriosis morphologically,histo-logically,and genetically.
文摘Objective To investigate the expression of Calbindin-d28k （CaBP-d28k） in human endometrium. Methods Thirty-three samples of human normal endometrial tissues were divided into 6 groups： early proliferative stage （n =6）, mid proliferative stage （n =5）, late proliferative stage （n=5）, early secretory stage （n=7）, mid secretory stage （n=5） and late secretory stage （n=5）. The expression and change of CaBP-d28k protein and gene were determined by immunohistochemistry and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction methods. Results In endometrial samples, the expression of CaBP-d28k protein was mainly observed in the cytoplasm of luminal and glandular epithelium. In the menstrual cycle, the level of CaBP-d28k protein in the epithelium was the lowest during the early and mid proliferative stages, and was the highest during the mid secretory stage, then decreased in the late secretory stage （P〈0.05）. In the stroma, the expressed type of CaBP-d28k protein was the same as in the epithelium, but was lower than that in the epithelium（P〈0.05）. The CaBP-d28k mRNA was at the lowest level in the early proliferative stage（P〈0.05）, and significantly increased in the late proliferative, and early, mid secretory stages （P〈0. 05）. Conclusion Both CaBP-d28k protein and gene were expressed in human endometrium, and their expression had cyclic changes.
基金supported by the National Transgenic Project of China (2014ZX08006-005, 2014ZX0800950B)the Guangdong Science and Technology Project, China (2011A020102003)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, China (2013PY050)
文摘Homeobox A10 （HOXA 10） is a well-known transcription factor that plays an important role in directing endometrial differ- entiation and establishing the conditions required for implantation. Interestingly, the expression level of HOXAIO may be associated with litter size. To study the effects of the porcine HOXAIO promoter fragment on the expression of HOXAIO gene in vivo, we generated a transgenic mouse model using pronuclear microinjection, and measured the expression of HOXAIO in the endometrium. There was no difference in the expression level of HOXAIO between transgenic and wild- type mice in the absence of hormone stimulation. However, following treatment with progesterone and estradiol benzoate, the expression level of HOXAIO was significantly increased in transgenic mice compared with that of wild-type mice. Fur- thermore, the litter size of transgenic females was larger than that of wild-type females （7.02±1.73 vs. 6.48＋1.85; P=0.14）. Moreover, the difference of litter size was greater in the later parities （7.33±1.62 vs. 6.37±2.02; P=0.08） compared with the first parity （6.76±1.81 vs. 6.61v1.67; P=0.77） between transgenic and wild-type mice. Therefore, our transgenic mouse model provides exciting insights regarding the actions of HOXAIO and its hormone-inducible promoter in vivo. The present study offers valuable proof of principle to develop transgenic pigs with a hormone-inducible promoter regulating HOXAIO to alter litter size.
基金This project was supported by a grantfrom Hubei Scienceand Technology Comm ittee (No.96 1P190 1)
文摘The activity of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in the uterine flushing and endometrial tissue of normal adult women wearing FCu IUD (fixed Cu IUD) or FICu IUD (indomethacin releasing FCu IUD) was observed by using zymography on SDS PAGE containing gelatin. The results showed that the activity and kinds of MMPs in FCu IUD group were increased significantly as compared with themselves before being inserted FCu IUD. However, compared with the FCu IUD group, the activity of some kinds of MMPs in the FICu IUD group was decreased significantly. These data suggest that IUD can enhance the activity of MMPs in human endometrium, intermediated by prostaglandins, and MMPs may have relation to IUD induced menorrhagia and indomethacin reduces IUD induced menorrhagia by partly inhibiting MMPs synthesis.
文摘The expression of Aurora B in normal endometria and endometrial carcinomas and its relation with clinicopathologic parameters of endometrial carcinomas were investigated. Streptavidin-biotin peroxidase （SP） immunohistochemical technique was used to detect the expression of Aurora B in 10 cases of normal proliferative phase endometria, 10 cases of normal secretory phase endometria and 72 cases of endometrial carcinomas respectively. According to the 1988 International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics （FIGO） grade, there were 37 patients in grade 1, 23 in grade 2 and 12 in grade 3 respectively. According to the FIGO stage, there were 59 patients in stage Ⅰ-Ⅱ and 13 patients in stage Ⅲ-Ⅳ. Aurora B was expressed in both normal proliferative phase endometria, secretory phase endometria and endometrial carcinomas, but its positive labeling index （PLI） in proliferative phase endometria was significantly higher than that in secretory phase endometria （P〈0.01） and endometrial carcinomas （P〈0.01）. The PLI of Aurora B was lower in tumors with well differentiation （G1）, low surgical staging （Ⅰ-Ⅱ）, and ≤1/2 myometrial invasion than that in tumors with moderate and low differentiation （G2--G3）, higher surgical staging （Ⅲ-Ⅳ）, and 〉1/2 myometrial invasion （all P〈0.01）. Aurora B exerts its functions in the replication of normal endometrial glandular cells; Expression of Aurora B is significantly correlated with biologic behavior of endometrial carcinoma, indicating that Aurora B may be a promising prognostic factor in endometrial carcinoma.
文摘Objective To study HOXAll expression and its correlation with that of the progesterone receptor (PR) gene in human endometriumMethods In situ hybridization and semi-quantitative RT-PCR were used. Results HOXAll mRNA was detected in both stromal and glandular cells of normal endometrium by in situ hybridization. But the expression levels in the glandular cells had a dramatic decline or even disappearance at mid-secretory stage. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR analysis, however, demonstrated that the total expression levels of HOXAll mRNA were markedly increased in the mid-secretory endometrium, which suggested that there was an increased expression in stromal cells. Similar results were obtained for PR gene expression in human endometrium by in situ hybridization and semi-quantitative RT-PCR analysis.Conclusion HOXAll gene spatial and temporal expression patterns were similar to that of PR gene in endometrium across menstrual cycle, and HOXAll was closely related to the endometrial proliferation and differentiation during menstrual cycle, especially the establishment of receptive status in implantation.
文摘Objective:The aim of this study was to determine the expression of Hoxa 10 in endometrium during the menstrual cycle and their response to sex steroids and HB-EGF.Methods:Forty endometrial samples from regularly cycling women were studied.The endometrial epithelial(EEC)and stromal(ESC)cells isolated by collagenase Ⅰ digestion and mechanical dissociation was cultured from every sample.The endometrial stromal cells(ESC)were incubated with 17-beta estradiol(10-8mol/L),medroxyprogesterone acetate(MPA)(10-6mol/L),RU486(10-8mol/L)or HB-EGF(10ng/ml)for 48 hours respectively.The expression of Hoxa10 mRNA was demonstrated by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR).Result:Hoxa10 showed a regulated cycle phase-dependent expression pattern in stromal cells and epithelial cells.Hoxa10 expression dramatically increased during the midsecretory phase of the menstrual cycle,at the time of implantation.The expression of Hoxa10 in cultured endometrial stromal cells was stimulated by estrogen,progesterone and HB-EGF.Conclusion:The cycle phase-specific expression of Hoxa10 and up-regulated by sex steroids and HB-EGF suggests a tight regulation and establishing conditions necessary for implantation.
基金This study was supported by grants from National Natural Science Fundation of China (30470654), Civic Natural science Fundation of Chongqing (8522) and Qidong Fundation of Chongqing University of Medical Science (QD200543).
文摘Objective To investigate the expression of TRAIL in mouse uterine endometrium during embryo implantation and its role in the apoptosis of decidual cells. Methods Expression of TRAIL in uterine endometrium of pregnant mouse from d 1 to d 8 was detected with RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. Results The expressed level of TRAIL mRNA in uterine endometrium of pregnant mouse from d 1 to d 8 was higher during embryo implantation than that prior to embryo implantation （P〈0.05）. No expression of TRAIL protein in mouse utrine endometrium was detected through d 1 to d 3. However, TRAIL protein was found in the luminal epithelial cells to which embryos attached on d 4. Moreover, TRAIL was expressed solely in decidual cells around invadting embryos through d 5 to d 6 while in trophoblastic cells adjacent to decidua through d 7 to d 8. Conclusion Apoptosis of luminal epithelial cells of endometrium induced by TRAIL could be one of mechanisms with which embryos penertrated the epithelial barrier, and apoptosis of both decidual cells and trophoblastic cells induced by TRAIL may play an important role during accruate invasion of trophoblastic cells.
基金This study was supported by the National Science Fund of P.R.China (No.39970765)
文摘Objective To determine whether formation of the nucleolar channel system (NCS) in human endometrium depends on the presence of progesteronal steroids. Materials & Methods Tissues of late proliferative endometrium were obtained from 5 normally cycling women of reproductive age. Half of each tissue was cultured in the DMEM medium containing diethylstilbesterol (25 μg/mL) plus medroxyprogesterone acetate (25 μg/mL) (E + P culture). As a control, the other half was cultured in the medium alone. After 100 h incubation, the tissues were assessed for the formation of NCS with transmission electron microscope.Results NCS was observed in the endometrial epithelium treated with E + P or the medium alone. Moreover, giant mitochondria and glycogen accumulation were both seen in epithelia derived from both types of cultures.Conclusion Progesterone would be not indispensable for the formation of NCS in human endometrium. Transition of proliferative endometrium to the secretory stage in vitro could occur even in the absence of both estrogen and progesterone.
