This paper proposes a secure approach for encryption and decryption of digital images with chaotic map lattices. In the proposed encryption process, eight different types of operations are used to encrypt the pixels o...This paper proposes a secure approach for encryption and decryption of digital images with chaotic map lattices. In the proposed encryption process, eight different types of operations are used to encrypt the pixels of an image and one of them will be used for particular pixels decided by the outcome of the chaotic map lattices. To make the cipher more robust against any attacks, the secret key is modified after encrypting each block of sixteen pixels of the image. The experimental results and security analysis show that the proposed image encryption scheme achieves high security and efficiency.展开更多
Many symmetric and asymmetric encryption algorithms have been developed in cloud computing to transmit data in a secure form.Cloud cryptography is a data encryption mechanism that consists of different steps and preve...Many symmetric and asymmetric encryption algorithms have been developed in cloud computing to transmit data in a secure form.Cloud cryptography is a data encryption mechanism that consists of different steps and prevents the attacker from misusing the data.This paper has developed an efficient algorithm to protect the data from invaders and secure the data from misuse.If this algorithm is applied to the cloud network,the attacker will not be able to access the data.To encrypt the data,the values of the bytes have been obtained by converting the plain text to ASCII.A key has been generated using the Non-Deterministic Bit Generator(NRBG)mechanism,and the key is XNORed with plain text bits,and then Bit toggling has been implemented.After that,an efficient matrix cipher encryption algorithm has been developed,and this algorithm has been applied to this text.The capability of this algorithm is that with its help,a key has been obtained from the plain text,and only by using this key can the data be decrypted in the first steps.A plain text key will never be used for another plain text.The data has been secured by implementing different mechanisms in both stages,and after that,a ciphertext has been obtained.At the end of the article,the latest technique will be compared with different techniques.There will be a discussion on how the present technique is better than all the other techniques;then,the conclusion will be drawn based on comparative analysis.展开更多
Cryptography and Steganography are two prominent techniques to obtain secure communication over the shared media like the Internet. Steganography is slightly ahead of cryptography because of its stealthy characteristi...Cryptography and Steganography are two prominent techniques to obtain secure communication over the shared media like the Internet. Steganography is slightly ahead of cryptography because of its stealthy characteristics. In this paper, a new method has been proposed which combines cryptography and steganography to ensure even more secure communication. The Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) in spatial domain of the carrier/cover image and Least Significant Bit (LSB) replacement in the transformed domain of the same image has been used after performing a Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) on the pixels. An additional layer of security has been introduced by applying XOR operation on the AES encrypted message with the pixel values of the carrier image. The Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR) of the proposed algorithm is better than most of the similar algorithms. With better PSNR, the proposed method depicts a three layer of security of the information and error free decryption.展开更多
With the increasing interconnection of computer networks and sophistication of cyber-attacks, Cryptography is one way to make sure that confidentiality, authentication, integrity, availability, and identification of d...With the increasing interconnection of computer networks and sophistication of cyber-attacks, Cryptography is one way to make sure that confidentiality, authentication, integrity, availability, and identification of data user can be maintained as well as security and privacy of data provided to the user. Symmetric key cryptography is a part of the cryptographic technique which ensures high security and confidentiality of data transmitted through the communication channel using a common key for both encryption and decryption. In this paper I have analyzed comparative encryption algorithms in performance, three most useful algorithms: Data Encryption Standard (DES), Triple DES (3DES) also known as Triple Data Encryption Algorithm (TDEA), and Advanced Encryption Standard (AES). They have been analyzed on their ability to secure data, time taken to encrypt data and throughput the algorithm requires. The performance of different algorithms differs according to the inputs.展开更多
Many organizations have insisted on protecting the cloud server from the outside,although the risks of attacking the cloud server are mostly from the inside.There are many algorithms designed to protect the cloud serv...Many organizations have insisted on protecting the cloud server from the outside,although the risks of attacking the cloud server are mostly from the inside.There are many algorithms designed to protect the cloud server from attacks that have been able to protect the cloud server attacks.Still,the attackers have designed even better mechanisms to break these security algorithms.Cloud cryptography is the best data protection algorithm that exchanges data between authentic users.In this article,one symmetric cryptography algorithm will be designed to secure cloud server data,used to send and receive cloud server data securely.A double encryption algorithm will be implemented to send data in a secure format.First,the XOR function will be applied to plain text,and then salt technique will be used.Finally,a reversing mechanism will be implemented on that data to provide more data security.To decrypt data,the cipher text will be reversed,salt will be removed,andXORwill be implemented.At the end of the paper,the proposed algorithm will be compared with other algorithms,and it will conclude how much better the existing algorithm is than other algorithms.展开更多
Numerous cryptographic algorithms (ElGamal, Rabin, RSA, NTRU etc) require multiple computations of modulo multiplicative inverses. This paper describes and validates a new algorithm, called the Enhanced Euclid Algorit...Numerous cryptographic algorithms (ElGamal, Rabin, RSA, NTRU etc) require multiple computations of modulo multiplicative inverses. This paper describes and validates a new algorithm, called the Enhanced Euclid Algorithm, for modular multiplicative inverse (MMI). Analysis of the proposed algorithm shows that it is more efficient than the Extended Euclid algorithm (XEA). In addition, if a MMI does not exist, then it is not necessary to use the Backtracking procedure in the proposed algorithm;this case requires fewer operations on every step (divisions, multiplications, additions, assignments and push operations on stack), than the XEA. Overall, XEA uses more multiplications, additions, assignments and twice as many variables than the proposed algorithm.展开更多
E-administration is performing administrative works via computer and its associated technologies such as the Internet. It is administrative efforts that center on the exchange of information and providing services to ...E-administration is performing administrative works via computer and its associated technologies such as the Internet. It is administrative efforts that center on the exchange of information and providing services to people and the business sector at high speed and low cost through computers and networks with the assurance of maintaining information security. It is based on the positive investment in information technology and communication in administrative practices. This paper presents the design of the e-administration platform that adopts the concept of cryptography for identity management. The architectural framework of the platform comprises subcomponents for service and forms identification, business process redesign, service architecture, amalgamation, and deployment. The cryptography model for securing the platform was designed based on the combination of authentication criteria presented in the Rijndael-Advanced Encryption Standard (AES), Lattice-based cryptography (LBC), and Secure Hash Algorithm (SHA512). It is required that a record be encrypted prior to its commitment to the database via a double encryption method. The AES algorithm-based encryption’s output will form the input to the LBC algorithm to obtain the final output.展开更多
The paper describes the concept of plaintext encryption by using the Unicode characters. In the case of elliptic curve cryptography, there is not specified rule or algorithm to specify the letters of Tifinagh as well ...The paper describes the concept of plaintext encryption by using the Unicode characters. In the case of elliptic curve cryptography, there is not specified rule or algorithm to specify the letters of Tifinagh as well as special characters. So, the paper gives the transformation of characters Tifinagh into points on elliptic curve by using the corresponding characters Latin. The obtained correspondence has been applied in Menezes-Vanstone cryptosystem based on elliptic curve. Therefore, the paper explains in detail its implementation in Maple 12.展开更多
Data security is a very important part of data transmission over insecure channels connected through high-speed networks. Due to COVID-19, the use of data transmission over insecure channels has increased in an expone...Data security is a very important part of data transmission over insecure channels connected through high-speed networks. Due to COVID-19, the use of data transmission over insecure channels has increased in an exponential manner. Hybrid cryptography provides a better solution than a single type of cryptographical technique. In this paper, nested levels of hybrid cryptographical techniques are investigated with the help of Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) and Paillier cryptographical techniques. In the first level, information will be encrypted by DNA and at the second level, the ciphertext of DNA will be encrypted by Paillier cryptography. At the decryption time, firstly Paillier cryptography will be processed, and then DAN cryptography will be processed to get the original text. The proposed algorithm follows the concept of Last Encryption First Decryption (LEFD) at the time of decryption. The computed results are depicted in terms of tables and graphs.展开更多
Microsoft Office是使用最为广泛的办公软件,Office文件的安全性主要是通过对Office文件进行加密来实现的。尽管自Office97发布以来,Microsoft公司对Office办公软件的文件加密功能进行了不断改进,但是,Office加密文件的安全性仍然难以...Microsoft Office是使用最为广泛的办公软件,Office文件的安全性主要是通过对Office文件进行加密来实现的。尽管自Office97发布以来,Microsoft公司对Office办公软件的文件加密功能进行了不断改进,但是,Office加密文件的安全性仍然难以保证。通过对Office文件加/解密过程进行分析,提出了存在的攻击,同时分析了各版本Office所采用的具体加/解密算法,设计了破解实验,得出了实验测试数据,并以时间代价为指标,对Office加密文件是否安全进行了详细的论证。展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 61001099 and 10971120)the Foundation for the Author of National Excellent Doctoral Dissertation of China (Grant No. 200444)
文摘This paper proposes a secure approach for encryption and decryption of digital images with chaotic map lattices. In the proposed encryption process, eight different types of operations are used to encrypt the pixels of an image and one of them will be used for particular pixels decided by the outcome of the chaotic map lattices. To make the cipher more robust against any attacks, the secret key is modified after encrypting each block of sixteen pixels of the image. The experimental results and security analysis show that the proposed image encryption scheme achieves high security and efficiency.
文摘Many symmetric and asymmetric encryption algorithms have been developed in cloud computing to transmit data in a secure form.Cloud cryptography is a data encryption mechanism that consists of different steps and prevents the attacker from misusing the data.This paper has developed an efficient algorithm to protect the data from invaders and secure the data from misuse.If this algorithm is applied to the cloud network,the attacker will not be able to access the data.To encrypt the data,the values of the bytes have been obtained by converting the plain text to ASCII.A key has been generated using the Non-Deterministic Bit Generator(NRBG)mechanism,and the key is XNORed with plain text bits,and then Bit toggling has been implemented.After that,an efficient matrix cipher encryption algorithm has been developed,and this algorithm has been applied to this text.The capability of this algorithm is that with its help,a key has been obtained from the plain text,and only by using this key can the data be decrypted in the first steps.A plain text key will never be used for another plain text.The data has been secured by implementing different mechanisms in both stages,and after that,a ciphertext has been obtained.At the end of the article,the latest technique will be compared with different techniques.There will be a discussion on how the present technique is better than all the other techniques;then,the conclusion will be drawn based on comparative analysis.
文摘Cryptography and Steganography are two prominent techniques to obtain secure communication over the shared media like the Internet. Steganography is slightly ahead of cryptography because of its stealthy characteristics. In this paper, a new method has been proposed which combines cryptography and steganography to ensure even more secure communication. The Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) in spatial domain of the carrier/cover image and Least Significant Bit (LSB) replacement in the transformed domain of the same image has been used after performing a Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) on the pixels. An additional layer of security has been introduced by applying XOR operation on the AES encrypted message with the pixel values of the carrier image. The Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR) of the proposed algorithm is better than most of the similar algorithms. With better PSNR, the proposed method depicts a three layer of security of the information and error free decryption.
文摘With the increasing interconnection of computer networks and sophistication of cyber-attacks, Cryptography is one way to make sure that confidentiality, authentication, integrity, availability, and identification of data user can be maintained as well as security and privacy of data provided to the user. Symmetric key cryptography is a part of the cryptographic technique which ensures high security and confidentiality of data transmitted through the communication channel using a common key for both encryption and decryption. In this paper I have analyzed comparative encryption algorithms in performance, three most useful algorithms: Data Encryption Standard (DES), Triple DES (3DES) also known as Triple Data Encryption Algorithm (TDEA), and Advanced Encryption Standard (AES). They have been analyzed on their ability to secure data, time taken to encrypt data and throughput the algorithm requires. The performance of different algorithms differs according to the inputs.
文摘Many organizations have insisted on protecting the cloud server from the outside,although the risks of attacking the cloud server are mostly from the inside.There are many algorithms designed to protect the cloud server from attacks that have been able to protect the cloud server attacks.Still,the attackers have designed even better mechanisms to break these security algorithms.Cloud cryptography is the best data protection algorithm that exchanges data between authentic users.In this article,one symmetric cryptography algorithm will be designed to secure cloud server data,used to send and receive cloud server data securely.A double encryption algorithm will be implemented to send data in a secure format.First,the XOR function will be applied to plain text,and then salt technique will be used.Finally,a reversing mechanism will be implemented on that data to provide more data security.To decrypt data,the cipher text will be reversed,salt will be removed,andXORwill be implemented.At the end of the paper,the proposed algorithm will be compared with other algorithms,and it will conclude how much better the existing algorithm is than other algorithms.
文摘Numerous cryptographic algorithms (ElGamal, Rabin, RSA, NTRU etc) require multiple computations of modulo multiplicative inverses. This paper describes and validates a new algorithm, called the Enhanced Euclid Algorithm, for modular multiplicative inverse (MMI). Analysis of the proposed algorithm shows that it is more efficient than the Extended Euclid algorithm (XEA). In addition, if a MMI does not exist, then it is not necessary to use the Backtracking procedure in the proposed algorithm;this case requires fewer operations on every step (divisions, multiplications, additions, assignments and push operations on stack), than the XEA. Overall, XEA uses more multiplications, additions, assignments and twice as many variables than the proposed algorithm.
文摘E-administration is performing administrative works via computer and its associated technologies such as the Internet. It is administrative efforts that center on the exchange of information and providing services to people and the business sector at high speed and low cost through computers and networks with the assurance of maintaining information security. It is based on the positive investment in information technology and communication in administrative practices. This paper presents the design of the e-administration platform that adopts the concept of cryptography for identity management. The architectural framework of the platform comprises subcomponents for service and forms identification, business process redesign, service architecture, amalgamation, and deployment. The cryptography model for securing the platform was designed based on the combination of authentication criteria presented in the Rijndael-Advanced Encryption Standard (AES), Lattice-based cryptography (LBC), and Secure Hash Algorithm (SHA512). It is required that a record be encrypted prior to its commitment to the database via a double encryption method. The AES algorithm-based encryption’s output will form the input to the LBC algorithm to obtain the final output.
文摘The paper describes the concept of plaintext encryption by using the Unicode characters. In the case of elliptic curve cryptography, there is not specified rule or algorithm to specify the letters of Tifinagh as well as special characters. So, the paper gives the transformation of characters Tifinagh into points on elliptic curve by using the corresponding characters Latin. The obtained correspondence has been applied in Menezes-Vanstone cryptosystem based on elliptic curve. Therefore, the paper explains in detail its implementation in Maple 12.
文摘Data security is a very important part of data transmission over insecure channels connected through high-speed networks. Due to COVID-19, the use of data transmission over insecure channels has increased in an exponential manner. Hybrid cryptography provides a better solution than a single type of cryptographical technique. In this paper, nested levels of hybrid cryptographical techniques are investigated with the help of Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) and Paillier cryptographical techniques. In the first level, information will be encrypted by DNA and at the second level, the ciphertext of DNA will be encrypted by Paillier cryptography. At the decryption time, firstly Paillier cryptography will be processed, and then DAN cryptography will be processed to get the original text. The proposed algorithm follows the concept of Last Encryption First Decryption (LEFD) at the time of decryption. The computed results are depicted in terms of tables and graphs.
