The sound field driven by piping systems in enclosures may severely affect living comfort,which is frequently encountered in various engineering applications.Managing this sound field relies heavily on the available p...The sound field driven by piping systems in enclosures may severely affect living comfort,which is frequently encountered in various engineering applications.Managing this sound field relies heavily on the available prediction tools at hand,e.g.,the widely used finite element methods are computationally expensive due to the necessity to discretize entire space,analytical models,based on modal expansion method,may offer substantial advantages in terms of computational cost and efficiency.However,deriving eigenmodes of irregular enclosed spaces may be challenging,which impedes accurate and rapid predictions of the sound field in practical applications.This study presents an analytical framework aimed at rapidly and accurately predicting the interior sound field driven by the piping system vibrations in irregular enclosures.Vibration response of the piping system is obtained using the wave approach,and a line dipole source is idealized as the sound source of the piping system vibration.On the basis of eigenmodes of regular enclosures,the Kirchhoff-Helmholtz integral theorem(modal ex-pansion method for irregular enclosures)is introduced to account for the boundaries of irregular enclosures.This theoretical framework is validated through numerical simulations by finite element method and experiments,demonstrating high accuracy and significant efficiency advantages.The proposed method can be further employed to optimize radiated sound fields by tailoring the impedance of space walls or layout of piping systems.This study provides an efficient tool for predicting radiated sound field in general enclosures driven by vibration of piping systems,paving a new path for indoor acoustical optimization.展开更多
To investigate the effects of flow rate on phytoplankton dynamics and related environment variables,a set of enclosure experiments with different fl ow rates were conducted in an artificial lake. We monitored nutrient...To investigate the effects of flow rate on phytoplankton dynamics and related environment variables,a set of enclosure experiments with different fl ow rates were conducted in an artificial lake. We monitored nutrients,temperature,dissolved oxygen,p H,conductivity,turbidity,chlorophyll-a and phytoplankton levels. The lower biomass in all flowing enclosures showed that flow rate significantly inhibited the growth of phytoplankton. A critical flow rate occurred near 0.06 m/s,which was the lowest relative inhibitory rate. Changes in flow conditions affected algal competition for light,resulting in a dramatic shift in phytoplankton composition,from blue-green algae in still waters to green algae in flowing conditions. These findings indicate that critical flow rate can be useful in developing methods to reduce algal bloom occurrence. However,flow rate significantly enhanced the inter-relationships among environmental variables,in particular by inducing higher water turbidity and vegetative reproduction of periphyton( Spirogyra). These changes were accompanied by a decrease in underwater light intensity,which consequently inhibited the photosynthetic intensity of phytoplankton. These results warn that a universal critical flow rate might not exist,because the effect of flow rate on phytoplankton is interlinked with many other environmental variables.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11632003,11972083,11991030,12372088,and U22B2078)Beijing Institute of Technology Research Fund Program for Young Scholars(Grant No.XSQD-202101010).
文摘The sound field driven by piping systems in enclosures may severely affect living comfort,which is frequently encountered in various engineering applications.Managing this sound field relies heavily on the available prediction tools at hand,e.g.,the widely used finite element methods are computationally expensive due to the necessity to discretize entire space,analytical models,based on modal expansion method,may offer substantial advantages in terms of computational cost and efficiency.However,deriving eigenmodes of irregular enclosed spaces may be challenging,which impedes accurate and rapid predictions of the sound field in practical applications.This study presents an analytical framework aimed at rapidly and accurately predicting the interior sound field driven by the piping system vibrations in irregular enclosures.Vibration response of the piping system is obtained using the wave approach,and a line dipole source is idealized as the sound source of the piping system vibration.On the basis of eigenmodes of regular enclosures,the Kirchhoff-Helmholtz integral theorem(modal ex-pansion method for irregular enclosures)is introduced to account for the boundaries of irregular enclosures.This theoretical framework is validated through numerical simulations by finite element method and experiments,demonstrating high accuracy and significant efficiency advantages.The proposed method can be further employed to optimize radiated sound fields by tailoring the impedance of space walls or layout of piping systems.This study provides an efficient tool for predicting radiated sound field in general enclosures driven by vibration of piping systems,paving a new path for indoor acoustical optimization.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51379146,51409190)the National Science Foundation for Post-Doctoral Scientists of China(No.2013M531218)
文摘To investigate the effects of flow rate on phytoplankton dynamics and related environment variables,a set of enclosure experiments with different fl ow rates were conducted in an artificial lake. We monitored nutrients,temperature,dissolved oxygen,p H,conductivity,turbidity,chlorophyll-a and phytoplankton levels. The lower biomass in all flowing enclosures showed that flow rate significantly inhibited the growth of phytoplankton. A critical flow rate occurred near 0.06 m/s,which was the lowest relative inhibitory rate. Changes in flow conditions affected algal competition for light,resulting in a dramatic shift in phytoplankton composition,from blue-green algae in still waters to green algae in flowing conditions. These findings indicate that critical flow rate can be useful in developing methods to reduce algal bloom occurrence. However,flow rate significantly enhanced the inter-relationships among environmental variables,in particular by inducing higher water turbidity and vegetative reproduction of periphyton( Spirogyra). These changes were accompanied by a decrease in underwater light intensity,which consequently inhibited the photosynthetic intensity of phytoplankton. These results warn that a universal critical flow rate might not exist,because the effect of flow rate on phytoplankton is interlinked with many other environmental variables.
