Lead toxicity in perovskite materials,which have hazardous effects on the environment and the human body,has drawn considerable attention to emerging photovoltaic technology perovskite solar cells.Despite the capabili...Lead toxicity in perovskite materials,which have hazardous effects on the environment and the human body,has drawn considerable attention to emerging photovoltaic technology perovskite solar cells.Despite the capability of other strategies to prevent lead leakage,chemisorption is another efficient approach to block Pb leaching by employing Pb absorbents in/out of device structures.This review discusses lead toxicity and summarizes the recent research about chemisorption strategies by their functions:additives,the hole-transporting layers,interfacial modifiers,and encapsulation layers.Finally,the basic guidelines and challenges for designing novel Pb-ads orbing materials and encapsulation structures are presented.展开更多
The high price of state-of-the-art Pt electrocatalysts has plagued the acidic water electrolysis technique for decades. As a cheaper alternative to Pt, ruthenium is considered an inferior hydrogen evolution reaction (...The high price of state-of-the-art Pt electrocatalysts has plagued the acidic water electrolysis technique for decades. As a cheaper alternative to Pt, ruthenium is considered an inferior hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) catalyst than Pt due to its high susceptibility to oxidation and loss of activity. Herein, we reveal that the HER activity on Ru based catalysts could surpass Pt via tuning Ru oxidation state. Specifically, RuP clusters encapsulated in few layers of N, P-doped carbon (RuP@NPC) display a minimum over potential of 15.6 mV to deliver 10 mA·cm^(−2). Moreover, we for the first time show that a Ru based catalyst could afford current density up to 4 A·cm^(−2) in a practical water electrolysis cell, with voltage even lower than the Pt/C-based cell, as well as high robustness during 200 h operation. Using a combination of experiment probing and calculation, we postulate that the suitably charged Ru (∼ +2.4) catalytic center is the origin for its superior catalytic behavior. While the moderately charged Ru is empowered with optimized H adsorption behavior, the carbon encapsulation layers protect RuP clusters from over oxidation, thereby conferring the catalyst with high robustness.展开更多
基金financially supported by research start-up funding of Talent Professor at Tianjin University(No.216127)。
文摘Lead toxicity in perovskite materials,which have hazardous effects on the environment and the human body,has drawn considerable attention to emerging photovoltaic technology perovskite solar cells.Despite the capability of other strategies to prevent lead leakage,chemisorption is another efficient approach to block Pb leaching by employing Pb absorbents in/out of device structures.This review discusses lead toxicity and summarizes the recent research about chemisorption strategies by their functions:additives,the hole-transporting layers,interfacial modifiers,and encapsulation layers.Finally,the basic guidelines and challenges for designing novel Pb-ads orbing materials and encapsulation structures are presented.
基金The authors acknowledge funding from the National Key R&D Program of China (No. 2018YFB1502400)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. XDA21090400)the Jilin Province Science and Technology Development Program (Nos. 20190201300JC and 20180101030JC).
文摘The high price of state-of-the-art Pt electrocatalysts has plagued the acidic water electrolysis technique for decades. As a cheaper alternative to Pt, ruthenium is considered an inferior hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) catalyst than Pt due to its high susceptibility to oxidation and loss of activity. Herein, we reveal that the HER activity on Ru based catalysts could surpass Pt via tuning Ru oxidation state. Specifically, RuP clusters encapsulated in few layers of N, P-doped carbon (RuP@NPC) display a minimum over potential of 15.6 mV to deliver 10 mA·cm^(−2). Moreover, we for the first time show that a Ru based catalyst could afford current density up to 4 A·cm^(−2) in a practical water electrolysis cell, with voltage even lower than the Pt/C-based cell, as well as high robustness during 200 h operation. Using a combination of experiment probing and calculation, we postulate that the suitably charged Ru (∼ +2.4) catalytic center is the origin for its superior catalytic behavior. While the moderately charged Ru is empowered with optimized H adsorption behavior, the carbon encapsulation layers protect RuP clusters from over oxidation, thereby conferring the catalyst with high robustness.
