Low generational（G0–G2,G for generation） polyamidoamine（PAMAM） dendrimers were investigated as enhancers to improve the aqueous solubility of folic acid at pH 11 and pH 5.In these two cases,the solubility of foli...Low generational（G0–G2,G for generation） polyamidoamine（PAMAM） dendrimers were investigated as enhancers to improve the aqueous solubility of folic acid at pH 11 and pH 5.In these two cases,the solubility of folic acid increases with both the dendrimer concentration and generation.However,the solubilization mechanism is different.The electrostatic interaction between the primary amines of dendrimers and the ionized carboxylic groups of folic acid dominates the dissolution process at pH 11 while the increase of the solubility of folic acid at pH 5 is attributed to the hydrophobic encapsulation inside the dendrimer molecules.In addition,for comparison ethylenediamine was used as a small molecule control to examine the ‘‘dendritic effect＇＇ in the dendrimer-related solubilization process.Interestingly,PAMAM dendrimers exhibit,at pH 5,a significant superiority over ethylenediamine in enhancing solubility,whereas this ‘‘dendritic effect＇＇ cannot be observed under the basic condition.展开更多
Colibacillosis caused by avian pathogenic Escherichia coli(APEC)is a very prevalent disease in poultry farms in China.The exploration of effective non-antibiotic substances is of great significance for the control of ...Colibacillosis caused by avian pathogenic Escherichia coli(APEC)is a very prevalent disease in poultry farms in China.The exploration of effective non-antibiotic substances is of great significance for the control of APEC infections.This experiment evaluated the efficacy of coated essential oil and organic acid(EOA)supplementation to prevent E.coli O78 infection in broiler chickens.A total of 288 one-day-old male broiler chicks were randomly distributed into 4 groups with 6 replicates per group.Chickens were fed a diet either supplemented with EOA(500 mg/kg feed)or not,and either uninfected or infected with E.coli O78 intratracheally.Results showed that E.coli O78 infection reduced body weight gain,increased mortality and the ratio of feed to gain along with cecal and liver E.coli load,damaged gut mucosa,induced local and systemic inflammation,and altered cecal microbial composition,diversity and function(P<0.05).Supplemental EOA improved feed conversion efficiency,lowered gross lesion scores and cecal E.coli population,enhanced intestinal goblet cells and serum IgG concentration,and tended to decrease serum IL-12 production(P<0.05).Essential oil and organic acid addition downregulated IFN-γmRNA,tended to decrease mucin-2 mRNA levels while upregulating IL-10 mRNA,and tended to increase ZO-1 gene expression in the jejuna of infected birds at 7 d after E.coli O78 challenge(P<0.05).The 16S rRNA gene sequencing indicated that both EOA addition and E.coli O78 challenge altered the diversity and composition of the cecal microbiota community.Furthermore,infected birds fed EOA showed decreased Bacteroidetes and genus Lactobacillus abundance compared with the infected control.LEfSe analysis showed that Firmicutes,Ruminococcaceae,Clostridiales,Clostridia,Lactobacillus,Lactobacilaceae,and cc-115 were enriched in the non-infected but EOA-treated group(P<0.05).Collectively,dietary EOA supplementation could mildly alleviate E.coli-induced gut injury and inflammation.展开更多
基金supported by Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan Chenguang Project (No. 200950431195)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51003081)
文摘Low generational（G0–G2,G for generation） polyamidoamine（PAMAM） dendrimers were investigated as enhancers to improve the aqueous solubility of folic acid at pH 11 and pH 5.In these two cases,the solubility of folic acid increases with both the dendrimer concentration and generation.However,the solubilization mechanism is different.The electrostatic interaction between the primary amines of dendrimers and the ionized carboxylic groups of folic acid dominates the dissolution process at pH 11 while the increase of the solubility of folic acid at pH 5 is attributed to the hydrophobic encapsulation inside the dendrimer molecules.In addition,for comparison ethylenediamine was used as a small molecule control to examine the ‘‘dendritic effect＇＇ in the dendrimer-related solubilization process.Interestingly,PAMAM dendrimers exhibit,at pH 5,a significant superiority over ethylenediamine in enhancing solubility,whereas this ‘‘dendritic effect＇＇ cannot be observed under the basic condition.
基金This work was supported by a grant from Talent Plan of Zaozhuang City(2022),Shandong,ChinaShanghai Menon Animal Nutrition Technology Co.Ltd.,Shanghai,China.
文摘Colibacillosis caused by avian pathogenic Escherichia coli(APEC)is a very prevalent disease in poultry farms in China.The exploration of effective non-antibiotic substances is of great significance for the control of APEC infections.This experiment evaluated the efficacy of coated essential oil and organic acid(EOA)supplementation to prevent E.coli O78 infection in broiler chickens.A total of 288 one-day-old male broiler chicks were randomly distributed into 4 groups with 6 replicates per group.Chickens were fed a diet either supplemented with EOA(500 mg/kg feed)or not,and either uninfected or infected with E.coli O78 intratracheally.Results showed that E.coli O78 infection reduced body weight gain,increased mortality and the ratio of feed to gain along with cecal and liver E.coli load,damaged gut mucosa,induced local and systemic inflammation,and altered cecal microbial composition,diversity and function(P<0.05).Supplemental EOA improved feed conversion efficiency,lowered gross lesion scores and cecal E.coli population,enhanced intestinal goblet cells and serum IgG concentration,and tended to decrease serum IL-12 production(P<0.05).Essential oil and organic acid addition downregulated IFN-γmRNA,tended to decrease mucin-2 mRNA levels while upregulating IL-10 mRNA,and tended to increase ZO-1 gene expression in the jejuna of infected birds at 7 d after E.coli O78 challenge(P<0.05).The 16S rRNA gene sequencing indicated that both EOA addition and E.coli O78 challenge altered the diversity and composition of the cecal microbiota community.Furthermore,infected birds fed EOA showed decreased Bacteroidetes and genus Lactobacillus abundance compared with the infected control.LEfSe analysis showed that Firmicutes,Ruminococcaceae,Clostridiales,Clostridia,Lactobacillus,Lactobacilaceae,and cc-115 were enriched in the non-infected but EOA-treated group(P<0.05).Collectively,dietary EOA supplementation could mildly alleviate E.coli-induced gut injury and inflammation.
