Tanzania has inadequate weather stations (28-synoptic weather stations), which are sparsely distributed over complex topographic terrain. Many places, especially rural areas, have no stations to monitor weather and cl...Tanzania has inadequate weather stations (28-synoptic weather stations), which are sparsely distributed over complex topographic terrain. Many places, especially rural areas, have no stations to monitor weather and climate. In this study, we evaluate the performance of ENACT-MAPROOM products over Tanzania with the aim of assessing their potential to supplement observed weather and climate data, especially over areas where there is limited number of weather stations. Monthly rainfall total and monthly averaged minimum and maximum temperatures from ENACT-MAPROOM are evaluated against observed data from 23 weather stations. The evaluation is limited to analyze how well the ENACT-MAPROOM products reproduce climatological trends, annual cycles and inter-annual variability of rainfall, minimum and maximum temperatures. Statistical analysis recommended by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) that includes that correlation and trend analysis are used. It is found that ENACT-MAPROOM products reproduce the climatological trends, annual cycles and inter-annual variability of rainfall, minimum and maximum temperatures over most stations. The statistical relationship between ENACT-MAPROOM products against observed data from 23 weather stations using Pearson correlation coefficient indicates that ENACT-MAPROOM products bear strong and statistically significant correlation coefficient to observed data. The overall evaluation here finds high skills of ENACT-MAPROOM products in representing rainfall and temperature over Tanzania, suggesting their potential use in planning and decision making especially over areas with limited number of weather stations.展开更多
Body perception has analysed by motor activity.This is largely the result of Le Boulch’s work on psychokinetics and psychomotor education,which made new levels available for the description of body schema activity be...Body perception has analysed by motor activity.This is largely the result of Le Boulch’s work on psychokinetics and psychomotor education,which made new levels available for the description of body schema activity beyond that of conscious movements.Reflex movements,involuntary gestures,and emotions are all evidence of the pre-attentional activation and preparation for motor actions.Body perception is built from the interaction between the body and the world.With this in mind,we would like to draw attention to the current paradoxical gap in the literature that exists between the living and the perceived body.We then propose a means of overcoming this gap through a description of the activation of the living body and its emersion at the level of perception.Enaction,in Francisco Varela’s groundbreaking work,explains how neurodynamics bring emergences from our living body to our consciousness by awakening and activating our potential capacities.In this sense enaction is a neurodynamics,while emersion ensures the bottom-up transition of implicit information from the living body(Leib)to consciousness and to the attentive perception of the lived body(Korper).展开更多
Actual software development processes define the different steps developers have to perform during a development project. Usually these development steps are not described independently from each other—a more or less...Actual software development processes define the different steps developers have to perform during a development project. Usually these development steps are not described independently from each other—a more or less formal flow of development step is an essential part of the development process definition. In practice, we observe that often the process definitions are hardly used and very seldom “lived”. One reason is that the predefined general process flow does not reflect the specific constraints of the individual project. For that reasons we claim to get rid of the process flow definition as part of the development process. Instead we describe in this paper an approach to smartly assist developers in software process execution. The approach observes the developer’s actions and predicts his next development step based on the project process history. Therefore we apply machine learning resp. sequence learning approaches based on a general rule based process model and its semantics. Finally we show two evaluations of the presented approach: The data of the first is derived from a synthetic scenario. The second evaluation is based on real project data of an industrial enterprise.展开更多
This study discusses how Liking(1996)in The Power of Um and Onwueme(1992)in The Reign of Wazobia anchor complex negotiations of public and private identities on gender as a site of enactments of power.Through experime...This study discusses how Liking(1996)in The Power of Um and Onwueme(1992)in The Reign of Wazobia anchor complex negotiations of public and private identities on gender as a site of enactments of power.Through experimentation with dramatic techniques,the selected Cameroonian and Nigerian women playwrights emphasize the centrality of gender as a site for a sustained critique of the larger social formations.The paper hypothesizes that Liking’s and Onwueme’s plays are thematically ambitious and stylistically experimental demonstrating a dynamic process through which the dramatists integrate concrete experiences into their creative consciousness in gender-conscious ways.In that respect,gender stands out as the performance space of struggle between the performance of power to maintain hegemony and the power of performance for social change.For scientific vigour,the study uses the gender relations approach to demonstrate how the playwrights appropriate the dynamics of performance to translate,interpret and challenge deeply ingrained patriarchal paradigms and also to explain,theorize and account for the complex realities of African women’s lives.展开更多
SPEM (Software Process Engineering Metamodel Specification) is the software processes modeling standard defined by OMG (Object Management Group). However, the process enactment support provided by this standard has ma...SPEM (Software Process Engineering Metamodel Specification) is the software processes modeling standard defined by OMG (Object Management Group). However, the process enactment support provided by this standard has many deficiencies. Therefore, the main objective of this paper is to propose a language for software process enactment based upon SPEM 2.0 concepts. First, we will present a critical analysis of the SPEM standard approach for enactment. Then, we will present xSPIDER_ML, an enactment language, and describe its structure, components and associated rules. In order to evaluate the proposed language, a case study is performed through a RUP (Rational Unified Process) process instantiation. The language presented in this paper is part of a support set of tools for flexible software process enactment. Additionally, this set of tools is in compliance with software process quality models.展开更多
Purpose:This article focuses on the development of supplementary education,evolving under the label“homework support,”in Sweden between 2006 and 2018.Particular attention is paid to the significance of the private m...Purpose:This article focuses on the development of supplementary education,evolving under the label“homework support,”in Sweden between 2006 and 2018.Particular attention is paid to the significance of the private market for national policy.Design/Approach/Methods:Through a theoretical model on policy enactment,the interaction between national policy and local practice is highlighted.By analyzing how the local practice appears in documents related to state-regulated decision-making,the study gains further insights in the development of homework support in Sweden.Findings:This article argues that when private companies,offering supplementary tutoring,were established on the outskirts of the educational landscape in Sweden,the political educational discourse changed.Even though homework support became a given part of the political discussion about the school,the situation became difficult for private companies.Originality/Value:The article adds to the international field of shadow education.It describes the establishment of the private tutoring market’s entry into the Swedish educational landscape,which in the long term has provided a basis for a further Scandinavian development.Furthermore,the article contributes to theory development by a model that focuses on the interaction between policy formulation and local enactment.展开更多
Within the context of the computer metaphor,evoked brain activity acts as a primary carrier for the brain mechanisms of mental processing.However,many studies have found that evoked brain activity is not the major par...Within the context of the computer metaphor,evoked brain activity acts as a primary carrier for the brain mechanisms of mental processing.However,many studies have found that evoked brain activity is not the major part of brain activity.Instead,spontaneous brain activity exhibits greater intensity and coevolves with evoked brain activity through continuous interaction.Spontaneous and evoked brain activities are similar but not identical.They are not separate parts,but always dynamically interact with each other.Therefore,the enactive cognition theory further states that the brain is characterized by unified and active patterns of activity.The brain adjusts its activity pattern by minimizing the error between expectation and stimulation,adapting to the ever-changing environment.Therefore,the dynamic regulation of brain activity in response to task situations is the core brain mechanism of mental processing.Beyond the evoked brain activity and spontaneous brain activity,the enactive brain activity provides a novel framework to completely describe brain activities during mental processing.It is necessary for upcoming researchers to introduce innovative indicators and paradigms for investigating enactive brain activity during mental processing.展开更多
Selfishness,understood as excessive focus on the self,appears to be a predominant feature of contemporary culture.While the degree of self-focus is adaptive for survival and decision-making,self-rigidity has been asso...Selfishness,understood as excessive focus on the self,appears to be a predominant feature of contemporary culture.While the degree of self-focus is adaptive for survival and decision-making,self-rigidity has been associated with significant psychological,interpersonal,and social costs.Throughout history,philosophers,religious leaders,and social activists have promoted a“hypo-egoic”way of being,characterized by reduced self-fixation and greater openness to others.However,a key question arises:How can one cultivate a more flexible and interdependent perspective on the self?Deconstructive meditations are a group of contemplative practices that aim to dismantle self-rigidity by exploring perception,cognition,and emotion.Their central mechanism is self-inquiry,an experiential process that involves directly observing patterns of the self,questioning the solidity of identity,and developing new ways to relate to experience.From the perspective of contemplative neuroscience,these practices have been shown to reduce selfnarrative identification and promote psychological flexibility.Despite their potential,empirical research on deconstructive meditations remains limited and requires further investigation.This article reviews the essential findings on practices,their connection to psychotherapy,and their potential therapeutic applications.Finally,their clinical implications are discussed along with future research directions to validate their impact on mental health.展开更多
文摘Tanzania has inadequate weather stations (28-synoptic weather stations), which are sparsely distributed over complex topographic terrain. Many places, especially rural areas, have no stations to monitor weather and climate. In this study, we evaluate the performance of ENACT-MAPROOM products over Tanzania with the aim of assessing their potential to supplement observed weather and climate data, especially over areas where there is limited number of weather stations. Monthly rainfall total and monthly averaged minimum and maximum temperatures from ENACT-MAPROOM are evaluated against observed data from 23 weather stations. The evaluation is limited to analyze how well the ENACT-MAPROOM products reproduce climatological trends, annual cycles and inter-annual variability of rainfall, minimum and maximum temperatures. Statistical analysis recommended by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) that includes that correlation and trend analysis are used. It is found that ENACT-MAPROOM products reproduce the climatological trends, annual cycles and inter-annual variability of rainfall, minimum and maximum temperatures over most stations. The statistical relationship between ENACT-MAPROOM products against observed data from 23 weather stations using Pearson correlation coefficient indicates that ENACT-MAPROOM products bear strong and statistically significant correlation coefficient to observed data. The overall evaluation here finds high skills of ENACT-MAPROOM products in representing rainfall and temperature over Tanzania, suggesting their potential use in planning and decision making especially over areas with limited number of weather stations.
文摘Body perception has analysed by motor activity.This is largely the result of Le Boulch’s work on psychokinetics and psychomotor education,which made new levels available for the description of body schema activity beyond that of conscious movements.Reflex movements,involuntary gestures,and emotions are all evidence of the pre-attentional activation and preparation for motor actions.Body perception is built from the interaction between the body and the world.With this in mind,we would like to draw attention to the current paradoxical gap in the literature that exists between the living and the perceived body.We then propose a means of overcoming this gap through a description of the activation of the living body and its emersion at the level of perception.Enaction,in Francisco Varela’s groundbreaking work,explains how neurodynamics bring emergences from our living body to our consciousness by awakening and activating our potential capacities.In this sense enaction is a neurodynamics,while emersion ensures the bottom-up transition of implicit information from the living body(Leib)to consciousness and to the attentive perception of the lived body(Korper).
文摘Actual software development processes define the different steps developers have to perform during a development project. Usually these development steps are not described independently from each other—a more or less formal flow of development step is an essential part of the development process definition. In practice, we observe that often the process definitions are hardly used and very seldom “lived”. One reason is that the predefined general process flow does not reflect the specific constraints of the individual project. For that reasons we claim to get rid of the process flow definition as part of the development process. Instead we describe in this paper an approach to smartly assist developers in software process execution. The approach observes the developer’s actions and predicts his next development step based on the project process history. Therefore we apply machine learning resp. sequence learning approaches based on a general rule based process model and its semantics. Finally we show two evaluations of the presented approach: The data of the first is derived from a synthetic scenario. The second evaluation is based on real project data of an industrial enterprise.
文摘This study discusses how Liking(1996)in The Power of Um and Onwueme(1992)in The Reign of Wazobia anchor complex negotiations of public and private identities on gender as a site of enactments of power.Through experimentation with dramatic techniques,the selected Cameroonian and Nigerian women playwrights emphasize the centrality of gender as a site for a sustained critique of the larger social formations.The paper hypothesizes that Liking’s and Onwueme’s plays are thematically ambitious and stylistically experimental demonstrating a dynamic process through which the dramatists integrate concrete experiences into their creative consciousness in gender-conscious ways.In that respect,gender stands out as the performance space of struggle between the performance of power to maintain hegemony and the power of performance for social change.For scientific vigour,the study uses the gender relations approach to demonstrate how the playwrights appropriate the dynamics of performance to translate,interpret and challenge deeply ingrained patriarchal paradigms and also to explain,theorize and account for the complex realities of African women’s lives.
基金The authors would like to thank CNPq (Conselho Na- cional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico- National Counsel of Technological and Scientific Deve- lopment), for financial support through the DTI grant of the MCT/CNPq/FNDCT No. 19/2009 announcement for the development of this work
文摘SPEM (Software Process Engineering Metamodel Specification) is the software processes modeling standard defined by OMG (Object Management Group). However, the process enactment support provided by this standard has many deficiencies. Therefore, the main objective of this paper is to propose a language for software process enactment based upon SPEM 2.0 concepts. First, we will present a critical analysis of the SPEM standard approach for enactment. Then, we will present xSPIDER_ML, an enactment language, and describe its structure, components and associated rules. In order to evaluate the proposed language, a case study is performed through a RUP (Rational Unified Process) process instantiation. The language presented in this paper is part of a support set of tools for flexible software process enactment. Additionally, this set of tools is in compliance with software process quality models.
基金This work was supported by the Swedish research council(Grant No.2015-01754).
文摘Purpose:This article focuses on the development of supplementary education,evolving under the label“homework support,”in Sweden between 2006 and 2018.Particular attention is paid to the significance of the private market for national policy.Design/Approach/Methods:Through a theoretical model on policy enactment,the interaction between national policy and local practice is highlighted.By analyzing how the local practice appears in documents related to state-regulated decision-making,the study gains further insights in the development of homework support in Sweden.Findings:This article argues that when private companies,offering supplementary tutoring,were established on the outskirts of the educational landscape in Sweden,the political educational discourse changed.Even though homework support became a given part of the political discussion about the school,the situation became difficult for private companies.Originality/Value:The article adds to the international field of shadow education.It describes the establishment of the private tutoring market’s entry into the Swedish educational landscape,which in the long term has provided a basis for a further Scandinavian development.Furthermore,the article contributes to theory development by a model that focuses on the interaction between policy formulation and local enactment.
基金supported by the National Social Science Found of China (No.BBA200030).
文摘Within the context of the computer metaphor,evoked brain activity acts as a primary carrier for the brain mechanisms of mental processing.However,many studies have found that evoked brain activity is not the major part of brain activity.Instead,spontaneous brain activity exhibits greater intensity and coevolves with evoked brain activity through continuous interaction.Spontaneous and evoked brain activities are similar but not identical.They are not separate parts,but always dynamically interact with each other.Therefore,the enactive cognition theory further states that the brain is characterized by unified and active patterns of activity.The brain adjusts its activity pattern by minimizing the error between expectation and stimulation,adapting to the ever-changing environment.Therefore,the dynamic regulation of brain activity in response to task situations is the core brain mechanism of mental processing.Beyond the evoked brain activity and spontaneous brain activity,the enactive brain activity provides a novel framework to completely describe brain activities during mental processing.It is necessary for upcoming researchers to introduce innovative indicators and paradigms for investigating enactive brain activity during mental processing.
文摘Selfishness,understood as excessive focus on the self,appears to be a predominant feature of contemporary culture.While the degree of self-focus is adaptive for survival and decision-making,self-rigidity has been associated with significant psychological,interpersonal,and social costs.Throughout history,philosophers,religious leaders,and social activists have promoted a“hypo-egoic”way of being,characterized by reduced self-fixation and greater openness to others.However,a key question arises:How can one cultivate a more flexible and interdependent perspective on the self?Deconstructive meditations are a group of contemplative practices that aim to dismantle self-rigidity by exploring perception,cognition,and emotion.Their central mechanism is self-inquiry,an experiential process that involves directly observing patterns of the self,questioning the solidity of identity,and developing new ways to relate to experience.From the perspective of contemplative neuroscience,these practices have been shown to reduce selfnarrative identification and promote psychological flexibility.Despite their potential,empirical research on deconstructive meditations remains limited and requires further investigation.This article reviews the essential findings on practices,their connection to psychotherapy,and their potential therapeutic applications.Finally,their clinical implications are discussed along with future research directions to validate their impact on mental health.
