Translation regulation is an important layer of gene expression:Generation of genome-wide expression datasets at multi-omics levels in spatial,temporal,and cell-type resolution is essential for deciphering brain compl...Translation regulation is an important layer of gene expression:Generation of genome-wide expression datasets at multi-omics levels in spatial,temporal,and cell-type resolution is essential for deciphering brain complexity.Regulation of gene expression is a highly dynamic process aiming at the production of precise levels of gene products to guarantee optimal cellular function,in response to physiological cues.Speedy advances in next-generation sequencing enabled the understanding of epigenomic and transcriptomic dynamic landscapes of different brain regions along development,aging,and disease progression.However,the correlation of the“transcriptome”with protein levels is poor because numerous mRNAs are subjected to manipulation of their translation efficiency,to warrant a favorable result under certain conditions.Hence,it is widely accepted that regulation at the translation level is a vital layer of gene expression.Quantification of actively translated mRNA populations(i.e.,“translatome”)is a more reliable predictor of the“proteome”(Wang et al.,2020).展开更多
The black-phase formamidine-lead iodide(α-FAPbI_(3)),boasting an optimal bandgap of 1.5 eV,stands out as a premier choice for narrow-bandgap perovskite solar cells(PSCs),achieving a certified power conversion efficie...The black-phase formamidine-lead iodide(α-FAPbI_(3)),boasting an optimal bandgap of 1.5 eV,stands out as a premier choice for narrow-bandgap perovskite solar cells(PSCs),achieving a certified power conversion efficiency(PCE)of 26.1%[1−5].This impressive performance hinges on the orderly and homogeneous crystallization ofα-phase pure FAPbI_(3),facilitated by coordinating solvents such as dimethyl sulfoxide(DMSO)to form intermediates like PbI_(2)-DMSO complex(D-complex).The D-complex plays a pivotal role in crystallization thermodynamics,enabling the direct formation of α-FAPbI_(3) without the photoinactiveδ-phase[6−9].However,DMSO,a commonly used coordinating solvent,is highly hygroscopic and prone to hydration upon moisture exposure.This tendency leads to incomplete perovskite crystallization and accelerates the transformation of α-FAPbI_(3) into itsδ-phase[2,10].Consequently,the best-performing α-FAPbI_(3)PSCs must be processed in an inert atmosphere with strictly controlled relative humidity(RH)and suffers from relatively poor reproducibility.Given the hard-to-control atmosphere at industrial scale,it is challenging yet imperative to eliminate the negative effects stemming from hygroscopic coordinating solvents[11−13].展开更多
ZTE Corporation, a leading global provider of telecommunications equipment and network solutions, announced that it has successfully deployed eight 3G stations in the Mt. Everest National Park including at Mt Everest ...ZTE Corporation, a leading global provider of telecommunications equipment and network solutions, announced that it has successfully deployed eight 3G stations in the Mt. Everest National Park including at Mt Everest base camp, 5,180 meters above sea level, to provide quality voice and 3G broadband services for local residents and mountaineers from all around the world preparing to climb the world＇s highest mountain.展开更多
Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have emerged as a new-generation photovoltaic technology that features both low manufacturing cost and high power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) [1-3].In the past decade,the PCEs of PSCs ...Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have emerged as a new-generation photovoltaic technology that features both low manufacturing cost and high power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) [1-3].In the past decade,the PCEs of PSCs have increased from 3.8% to 25.5%,which are now comparable to those of silicon-based solar cells.Nevertheless,by comparing the detailed device parameters of record PSCs reported at different times,Peng et al.展开更多
Venous thromboembolism(VTE)is a typical cardiovascular disease,which is phenotypically characterized by painful leg swelling,chest pain,shortness of breath,and even death[1].VTE renders a high morbidity and mortality ...Venous thromboembolism(VTE)is a typical cardiovascular disease,which is phenotypically characterized by painful leg swelling,chest pain,shortness of breath,and even death[1].VTE renders a high morbidity and mortality as it is the main cause of death of hospitalized patients.Clinical treatment of VTE mostly adopts immediate anticoagulation agents via a risk assessment of bleeding.Basically,traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)has unique medicinal priority on reducing swelling,stopping bleeding and promoting blood circulation,which therefore can eliminate the obstruction of patient’s channels so as to exert analgesic and anti-inflammatory bioactivities[2].However,well-controlled and-designed clinical trials of the selected TCM formulae are widely performed to support the clinical application of traditional Chinese medicine for the prevention of VTE in a real world.展开更多
The original version of this article unfortunately contained some mistakes.1.The authors found that the data unit in Fig.3a–f is wrong.The corrected version of Fig.3 is given below:2.The authors found that explanatio...The original version of this article unfortunately contained some mistakes.1.The authors found that the data unit in Fig.3a–f is wrong.The corrected version of Fig.3 is given below:2.The authors found that explanation of the data lines in Fig.2e is wrong.The corrected version of the explanation of Fig.2e is given below:The DNB can endure approximately 300%stretching and withstand stress up to about 1.5 MPa,as shown in Fig.2e.展开更多
Predicting likely-to-churn users employing surveys is a challenging task.Individuals with different personalities may make different choices in the same situation,so we introduced social media avatars that reflect the...Predicting likely-to-churn users employing surveys is a challenging task.Individuals with different personalities may make different choices in the same situation,so we introduced social media avatars that reflect the user’s psychological state when analyzing their churn tendency.In this paper,we propose a multimodal framework that jointly learns image and text features to establish correlations among users with low net promoter score(NPS) and those likely to churn.We conducted experiments on actual data,and the results show that our proposed method can identify NPS-degraded users in advance,promoting the commercial development of the operator.展开更多
Sperm are haploid,but must be functionally equivalent to distribute alleles equally among progeny.Accordingly,gene products are shared through spermatid cytoplasmic bridges which erase phenotypic differences between i...Sperm are haploid,but must be functionally equivalent to distribute alleles equally among progeny.Accordingly,gene products are shared through spermatid cytoplasmic bridges which erase phenotypic differences between individual haploid sperm.Here,we show that a large class of mammalian genes are not completely shared across these bridges.We term these genes"genoinformative markers"(GIMs)and show that a subset can act as selfish genetic elements that spread alleles unevenly through murine,bovine,and human populations.We identify evolutionary pressure to avoid conflict between sperm and somatic function as GIMs are enriched for testis-specific gene expression,paralogs,and isoforms.展开更多
Although chimeric antigen receptor(CAR)T cells have altered the treatment landscape for B cell malignancies,the risk of on-target,off-tumour toxicity has hampered their development for solid tumours because most targe...Although chimeric antigen receptor(CAR)T cells have altered the treatment landscape for B cell malignancies,the risk of on-target,off-tumour toxicity has hampered their development for solid tumours because most target antigens are shared with normal cells1,2.Researchers have attempted to apply Boolean-logic gating to CAR T cells to prevent toxicity3-5;however,a truly safe and effective logic-gated CAR has remained elusive6.展开更多
Therapeutic oligonucleotides have emerged as a powerful drug modality with the potential to treat a wide range of diseases;however,the rising number of therapies poses a manufacturing challenge.Existing synthetic meth...Therapeutic oligonucleotides have emerged as a powerful drug modality with the potential to treat a wide range of diseases;however,the rising number of therapies poses a manufacturing challenge.Existing synthetic methods use stepwise extension of sequences immobilized on solid supports and are limited by their scalability and sustainability.We report a biocatalytic approach to efficiently produce oligonucleotides in a single operation where polymerases and endonucleases work in synergy to amplify complementary sequences embedded within catalytic self-priming templates.This approach uses unprotected building blocks and aqueous conditions.We demonstrate the versatility of this methodology through the synthesis of clinically relevant oligonucleotide sequences containing diverse modifications.展开更多
lontronic sensors,based on sophisticated control of ion concentration,depletion,and flow,have attracted considerable research attention because of their high compatibility with constructed human-machine interfaces[1-3...lontronic sensors,based on sophisticated control of ion concentration,depletion,and flow,have attracted considerable research attention because of their high compatibility with constructed human-machine interfaces[1-3].Especially,iontronic sensors constructed of confined nano/micropipettes can realize biomolecule dynamic detection of dopamine[4],adenosine triphosphate[5],and hydrogen peroxide[6].These pipette-confined iontronic sensors have significant advantages for implantable in vivo sensing because of their high spatiotemporal resolution and robust implantable tips[7].However,the nonspecific adsorption of proteins onto the sensing interface largely limits their application to in vivo sensing.展开更多
Dear Editors,Heterosis utilization is an effective way to improve crop yield.Hybrid rice typically out-yield inbred rice varieties by 10%and show better stress resistance,and they have been widely adopted in Asian cou...Dear Editors,Heterosis utilization is an effective way to improve crop yield.Hybrid rice typically out-yield inbred rice varieties by 10%and show better stress resistance,and they have been widely adopted in Asian countries since the 1980s(Cheng et al.,2007).To produce rice F1 hybrid seeds(HSDs),male sterile lines(MSLs)are grown side by side with restorer lines(RLs)in order to receive the RL pollen.This seed production system faces challenges in maintaining the seed purity of the HSDs owing to the physical proximity of MSL and RL plants in the field.Traditionally,MSLs and RLs are planted in alternate rows to enable physical separation of seeds during harvesting.展开更多
Optical aberrations degrade the performance of fluorescence microscopy.Conventional adaptive optics(AO)leverages specific devices,such as the Shack–Hartmann wavefront sensor and deformable mirror,to measure and corre...Optical aberrations degrade the performance of fluorescence microscopy.Conventional adaptive optics(AO)leverages specific devices,such as the Shack–Hartmann wavefront sensor and deformable mirror,to measure and correct optical aberrations.However,conventional AO requires either additional hardware or a more complicated imaging procedure,resulting in higher cost or a lower acquisition speed.In this study,we proposed a novel space-frequency encoding network(SFE-Net)that can directly estimate the aberrated point spread functions(PSFs)from biological images,enabling fast optical aberration estimation with high accuracy without engaging extra optics and image acquisition.We showed that with the estimated PSFs,the optical aberration can be computationally removed by the deconvolution algorithm.Furthermore,to fully exploit the benefits of SFE-Net,we incorporated the estimated PSF with neural network architecture design to devise an aberration-aware deeplearning super-resolution model,dubbed SFT-DFCAN.We demonstrated that the combination of SFE-Net and SFT-DFCAN enables instant digital AO and optical aberration-aware super-resolution reconstruction for live-cell imaging.展开更多
The electrosynthesis of value-added fuels and chemicals from carbon dioxide reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR)is a promising approach for realizing the objectives of carbon neutrality[1].Nevertheless,the current production ...The electrosynthesis of value-added fuels and chemicals from carbon dioxide reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR)is a promising approach for realizing the objectives of carbon neutrality[1].Nevertheless,the current production of desirable multicarbon(C_(2+))chemicals,such as ethylene(C_(2)H_(4)),still encounters challenges related to low selectivity,low current density,and the requirement for high-purity feeding gas[2].展开更多
Acoustic gravimetric biosensors attract attention due to their simplicity,robustness,and low cost.However,a prevailing challenge in these sensors is dissipation which manifests in a low quality factor(Q-factor),which ...Acoustic gravimetric biosensors attract attention due to their simplicity,robustness,and low cost.However,a prevailing challenge in these sensors is dissipation which manifests in a low quality factor(Q-factor),which limits their sensitivity and accuracy.To mitigate dissipation of acoustic sensors in liquid environments we introduce an innovative approach in which we combine microfluidic channels with gravimetric sensors.To implement this novel paradigm we chose the quartz crystal microbalance(QCM)as our model system,owing to its wide applicability in biosensing and the relevance of its operating principles to other types of acoustic sensors.We postulate that the crucial determinant for enhancing performance lies in the ratio between the width of the microfluidic channels and the wavelength of the pressure wave generated by the oscillating channel side walls driven by the QCM.Our hypothesis is supported by finite element analysis(FEA)and dimensional studies,which revealed two key factors that affect device performance:(1)the ratio of the channel width to the pressure wavelength(W=λp)and(2)the ratio of the channel height to the shear evanescent wavelength(H=λs).To validate our hypothesis,we fabricated a microfluidic QCM(μ-QCM)and demonstrated a remarkable 10-fold improvement in its dissipation when compared to conventional QCM.The novel microfluidic approach offers several additional advantages,such as direct data interpretation,reduced volume requirement for sample liquids,and simplified temperature control,augmenting the sensor’s overall performance.By fostering increased sensitivity,accuracy,and ease of operation,our novel paradigm unlocks new possibilities for advancing gravimetric technologies,potentially for biosensing applications.展开更多
Deciphering the composite information within a light field through a single photodetector,without optical and mechanical structures,is challenging.The difficulty lies in extracting multi-dimensional optical informatio...Deciphering the composite information within a light field through a single photodetector,without optical and mechanical structures,is challenging.The difficulty lies in extracting multi-dimensional optical information from a single dimension of photocurrent.Emerging photodetectors based on information reconstruction have potential,yet they only extract information contained in the photoresponse current amplitude(responsivity matrix),neglecting the hidden information in response edges driven by carrier dynamics.Herein,by adjusting the thickness of the absorption layer and the interface electric field strength in the perovskite photodiode,we extend the transport and relaxation time of carriers excited by photons of different wavelengths,maximizing the spectrum richness of the edge waveform in the light-dark transition process.For the first time,without the need for extra optical and electrical components,the reconstruction of two-dimensional information of light intensity and wavelength has been achieved.With the integration of machine learning algorithms into waveform data analysis,a wide operation spectrum range of 350–750 nm is available with a 100%accuracy rate.The restoration error has been lowered to less than 0.1%for light intensity.This work offers valuable insights for advancing perovskite applications in areas such as wavelength identification and spectrum imaging.展开更多
Structured light beams offer promising properties for a variety of applications,but the generation of broadband structured light remains a challenge.New opportunities are emerging in the terahertz frequency range owin...Structured light beams offer promising properties for a variety of applications,but the generation of broadband structured light remains a challenge.New opportunities are emerging in the terahertz frequency range owing to recent progress in light-driven ultrafast vectorial currents through spatially patterning spintronic and optoelectronic systems.展开更多
In 1957,Macfarlane Burnet proposed the theory that harnessing the body’s immune system could be an effective method for cancer treatment[1].Today,T-cell-based immunotherapies have indeed become a vital part of cancer...In 1957,Macfarlane Burnet proposed the theory that harnessing the body’s immune system could be an effective method for cancer treatment[1].Today,T-cell-based immunotherapies have indeed become a vital part of cancer treatment[2].However,a deeper understanding of antitumor immunity is still necessary to further support these treatments.Notably,CD4^(+)T cells are central to mediating antitumor immune responses[3,4,5,6],yet the cellular and molecular programs governing CD4^(+)T-cell antitumor immunity remain unclear.Our recent research revealed that CD4^(+)T-cell immunity is critically dependent on an intrinsic stem-like program[7].展开更多
Single-molecule localization microscopy(SMLM)enables three-dimensional(3D)investigation of nanoscale structures in biological samples,offering unique insights into their organization.However,traditional 3D super-resol...Single-molecule localization microscopy(SMLM)enables three-dimensional(3D)investigation of nanoscale structures in biological samples,offering unique insights into their organization.However,traditional 3D super-resolution microscopy using high numerical aperture(NA)objectives is limited by imaging depth of field(DOF),restricting their practical application to relatively thin biological samples.Here,we developed a unified solution for thick sample super-resolution imaging using a deformable mirror(DM)which served for fast remote focusing,optimized point spread function(PSF)engineering,and accurate aberration correction.By effectively correcting the system aberrations introduced during remote focusing and sample aberrations at different imaging depths,we achieved high-accuracy,large DOF imaging(~8μm)of the whole-cell organelles[i.e.,nuclear pore complex(NPC),microtubules,and mitochondria]with a nearly uniform resolution of approximately 35 nm across the entire cellular volume.展开更多
Near-infrared(NIR)phosphors based on Cr3+doped garnets present great potential in the next generation of NIR light sources.Nevertheless,the huge searching space for the garnet composition makes the rapid discovery of ...Near-infrared(NIR)phosphors based on Cr3+doped garnets present great potential in the next generation of NIR light sources.Nevertheless,the huge searching space for the garnet composition makes the rapid discovery of NIR phosphors with high performance remain a great challenge for the scientific community.Herein,a generalizable machine learning(ML)strategy is designed to accelerate the exploration of innovative NIR phosphors via establishing the relationship between key parameters and emission peak wavelength(EPW).We propose a semi-supervised co-training model based on kernel ridge regression(KRR)and support vector regression(SVR),which successfully establishes an expanded dataset with unlabeled dataset(previously unidentified garnets),addressing the overfitting issue resulted from a small dataset and greatly improving the model generalization capability.展开更多
基金funded by the Israel Science Foundation(grants No.1036/12 and 1228/20)(to OES).
文摘Translation regulation is an important layer of gene expression:Generation of genome-wide expression datasets at multi-omics levels in spatial,temporal,and cell-type resolution is essential for deciphering brain complexity.Regulation of gene expression is a highly dynamic process aiming at the production of precise levels of gene products to guarantee optimal cellular function,in response to physiological cues.Speedy advances in next-generation sequencing enabled the understanding of epigenomic and transcriptomic dynamic landscapes of different brain regions along development,aging,and disease progression.However,the correlation of the“transcriptome”with protein levels is poor because numerous mRNAs are subjected to manipulation of their translation efficiency,to warrant a favorable result under certain conditions.Hence,it is widely accepted that regulation at the translation level is a vital layer of gene expression.Quantification of actively translated mRNA populations(i.e.,“translatome”)is a more reliable predictor of the“proteome”(Wang et al.,2020).
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.62205154 and 62288102)the Natural Science Research Start-up Foundation of Recruiting Talents of Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications(Grant No.NY221112).
文摘The black-phase formamidine-lead iodide(α-FAPbI_(3)),boasting an optimal bandgap of 1.5 eV,stands out as a premier choice for narrow-bandgap perovskite solar cells(PSCs),achieving a certified power conversion efficiency(PCE)of 26.1%[1−5].This impressive performance hinges on the orderly and homogeneous crystallization ofα-phase pure FAPbI_(3),facilitated by coordinating solvents such as dimethyl sulfoxide(DMSO)to form intermediates like PbI_(2)-DMSO complex(D-complex).The D-complex plays a pivotal role in crystallization thermodynamics,enabling the direct formation of α-FAPbI_(3) without the photoinactiveδ-phase[6−9].However,DMSO,a commonly used coordinating solvent,is highly hygroscopic and prone to hydration upon moisture exposure.This tendency leads to incomplete perovskite crystallization and accelerates the transformation of α-FAPbI_(3) into itsδ-phase[2,10].Consequently,the best-performing α-FAPbI_(3)PSCs must be processed in an inert atmosphere with strictly controlled relative humidity(RH)and suffers from relatively poor reproducibility.Given the hard-to-control atmosphere at industrial scale,it is challenging yet imperative to eliminate the negative effects stemming from hygroscopic coordinating solvents[11−13].
文摘ZTE Corporation, a leading global provider of telecommunications equipment and network solutions, announced that it has successfully deployed eight 3G stations in the Mt. Everest National Park including at Mt Everest base camp, 5,180 meters above sea level, to provide quality voice and 3G broadband services for local residents and mountaineers from all around the world preparing to climb the world＇s highest mountain.
文摘Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have emerged as a new-generation photovoltaic technology that features both low manufacturing cost and high power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) [1-3].In the past decade,the PCEs of PSCs have increased from 3.8% to 25.5%,which are now comparable to those of silicon-based solar cells.Nevertheless,by comparing the detailed device parameters of record PSCs reported at different times,Peng et al.
基金the Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province(No.LH2021H016)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.KLSB2022KF-02)HMU Marshal Initiative Funding(No.HMUMIF-21026).
文摘Venous thromboembolism(VTE)is a typical cardiovascular disease,which is phenotypically characterized by painful leg swelling,chest pain,shortness of breath,and even death[1].VTE renders a high morbidity and mortality as it is the main cause of death of hospitalized patients.Clinical treatment of VTE mostly adopts immediate anticoagulation agents via a risk assessment of bleeding.Basically,traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)has unique medicinal priority on reducing swelling,stopping bleeding and promoting blood circulation,which therefore can eliminate the obstruction of patient’s channels so as to exert analgesic and anti-inflammatory bioactivities[2].However,well-controlled and-designed clinical trials of the selected TCM formulae are widely performed to support the clinical application of traditional Chinese medicine for the prevention of VTE in a real world.
文摘The original version of this article unfortunately contained some mistakes.1.The authors found that the data unit in Fig.3a–f is wrong.The corrected version of Fig.3 is given below:2.The authors found that explanation of the data lines in Fig.2e is wrong.The corrected version of the explanation of Fig.2e is given below:The DNB can endure approximately 300%stretching and withstand stress up to about 1.5 MPa,as shown in Fig.2e.
基金supported by the NSFC-Zhejiang Joint Fund for the Industrialization and Informatization (No.U1809211)。
文摘Predicting likely-to-churn users employing surveys is a challenging task.Individuals with different personalities may make different choices in the same situation,so we introduced social media avatars that reflect the user’s psychological state when analyzing their churn tendency.In this paper,we propose a multimodal framework that jointly learns image and text features to establish correlations among users with low net promoter score(NPS) and those likely to churn.We conducted experiments on actual data,and the results show that our proposed method can identify NPS-degraded users in advance,promoting the commercial development of the operator.
文摘Sperm are haploid,but must be functionally equivalent to distribute alleles equally among progeny.Accordingly,gene products are shared through spermatid cytoplasmic bridges which erase phenotypic differences between individual haploid sperm.Here,we show that a large class of mammalian genes are not completely shared across these bridges.We term these genes"genoinformative markers"(GIMs)and show that a subset can act as selfish genetic elements that spread alleles unevenly through murine,bovine,and human populations.We identify evolutionary pressure to avoid conflict between sperm and somatic function as GIMs are enriched for testis-specific gene expression,paralogs,and isoforms.
文摘Although chimeric antigen receptor(CAR)T cells have altered the treatment landscape for B cell malignancies,the risk of on-target,off-tumour toxicity has hampered their development for solid tumours because most target antigens are shared with normal cells1,2.Researchers have attempted to apply Boolean-logic gating to CAR T cells to prevent toxicity3-5;however,a truly safe and effective logic-gated CAR has remained elusive6.
文摘Therapeutic oligonucleotides have emerged as a powerful drug modality with the potential to treat a wide range of diseases;however,the rising number of therapies poses a manufacturing challenge.Existing synthetic methods use stepwise extension of sequences immobilized on solid supports and are limited by their scalability and sustainability.We report a biocatalytic approach to efficiently produce oligonucleotides in a single operation where polymerases and endonucleases work in synergy to amplify complementary sequences embedded within catalytic self-priming templates.This approach uses unprotected building blocks and aqueous conditions.We demonstrate the versatility of this methodology through the synthesis of clinically relevant oligonucleotide sequences containing diverse modifications.
基金financially supported by the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(Z230022 for Ping Yu,2242028 for Wenjie Ma)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22125406 and 22074149 for Ping Yu,22074095 and 22374103 for Yuqing Lin)the National Basic Research Program of China(2022YFA1204500,2022YFA1204503 to Ping Yu).
文摘lontronic sensors,based on sophisticated control of ion concentration,depletion,and flow,have attracted considerable research attention because of their high compatibility with constructed human-machine interfaces[1-3].Especially,iontronic sensors constructed of confined nano/micropipettes can realize biomolecule dynamic detection of dopamine[4],adenosine triphosphate[5],and hydrogen peroxide[6].These pipette-confined iontronic sensors have significant advantages for implantable in vivo sensing because of their high spatiotemporal resolution and robust implantable tips[7].However,the nonspecific adsorption of proteins onto the sensing interface largely limits their application to in vivo sensing.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant nos.32072050,U22A20456,and U20A2030)a special support plan for high-level talents in Zhejiang (grant no.2022R52020)+4 种基金the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (grant no.LZ21C130001)the National Key R&D Program of China (2020YFE0202300)Open Project Funding of the State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineeringthe CNRRI key research and development project (CNRRI-2020-01)the ASTIP program of CAAS.
文摘Dear Editors,Heterosis utilization is an effective way to improve crop yield.Hybrid rice typically out-yield inbred rice varieties by 10%and show better stress resistance,and they have been widely adopted in Asian countries since the 1980s(Cheng et al.,2007).To produce rice F1 hybrid seeds(HSDs),male sterile lines(MSLs)are grown side by side with restorer lines(RLs)in order to receive the RL pollen.This seed production system faces challenges in maintaining the seed purity of the HSDs owing to the physical proximity of MSL and RL plants in the field.Traditionally,MSLs and RLs are planted in alternate rows to enable physical separation of seeds during harvesting.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(31970659,32125024)National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFA1300303)+3 种基金Chinese Academy of Sciences(YSBR-076,ZDBS-LY-SM004)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2022M721842,2023T160365)Tsinghua University(2022SM035)New Cornerstone Science Foundation。
文摘Optical aberrations degrade the performance of fluorescence microscopy.Conventional adaptive optics(AO)leverages specific devices,such as the Shack–Hartmann wavefront sensor and deformable mirror,to measure and correct optical aberrations.However,conventional AO requires either additional hardware or a more complicated imaging procedure,resulting in higher cost or a lower acquisition speed.In this study,we proposed a novel space-frequency encoding network(SFE-Net)that can directly estimate the aberrated point spread functions(PSFs)from biological images,enabling fast optical aberration estimation with high accuracy without engaging extra optics and image acquisition.We showed that with the estimated PSFs,the optical aberration can be computationally removed by the deconvolution algorithm.Furthermore,to fully exploit the benefits of SFE-Net,we incorporated the estimated PSF with neural network architecture design to devise an aberration-aware deeplearning super-resolution model,dubbed SFT-DFCAN.We demonstrated that the combination of SFE-Net and SFT-DFCAN enables instant digital AO and optical aberration-aware super-resolution reconstruction for live-cell imaging.
文摘The electrosynthesis of value-added fuels and chemicals from carbon dioxide reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR)is a promising approach for realizing the objectives of carbon neutrality[1].Nevertheless,the current production of desirable multicarbon(C_(2+))chemicals,such as ethylene(C_(2)H_(4)),still encounters challenges related to low selectivity,low current density,and the requirement for high-purity feeding gas[2].
基金funded by grant STTR 1721833 and SBIR 2025974 from the National Science Foundation(NSF)and also by grant 70NANB19H042 from the National Institute of Standards and Technology(NIST)supported by QATCH Technologies,LLC and the Shared Materials Instrumentation Facility(SMIF).SMIF is located at Duke University and is a member of the Research Triangle Nanotechnology Network(RTNN),a National Science Foundation-funded site in the National Nanotechnology Coordinated Infrastructure(NNCI).
文摘Acoustic gravimetric biosensors attract attention due to their simplicity,robustness,and low cost.However,a prevailing challenge in these sensors is dissipation which manifests in a low quality factor(Q-factor),which limits their sensitivity and accuracy.To mitigate dissipation of acoustic sensors in liquid environments we introduce an innovative approach in which we combine microfluidic channels with gravimetric sensors.To implement this novel paradigm we chose the quartz crystal microbalance(QCM)as our model system,owing to its wide applicability in biosensing and the relevance of its operating principles to other types of acoustic sensors.We postulate that the crucial determinant for enhancing performance lies in the ratio between the width of the microfluidic channels and the wavelength of the pressure wave generated by the oscillating channel side walls driven by the QCM.Our hypothesis is supported by finite element analysis(FEA)and dimensional studies,which revealed two key factors that affect device performance:(1)the ratio of the channel width to the pressure wavelength(W=λp)and(2)the ratio of the channel height to the shear evanescent wavelength(H=λs).To validate our hypothesis,we fabricated a microfluidic QCM(μ-QCM)and demonstrated a remarkable 10-fold improvement in its dissipation when compared to conventional QCM.The novel microfluidic approach offers several additional advantages,such as direct data interpretation,reduced volume requirement for sample liquids,and simplified temperature control,augmenting the sensor’s overall performance.By fostering increased sensitivity,accuracy,and ease of operation,our novel paradigm unlocks new possibilities for advancing gravimetric technologies,potentially for biosensing applications.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52025028,52332008,52202273,52422208,and U23A20571)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20210728)Funded by the Priority Academic Program Development(PAPD)of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions.
文摘Deciphering the composite information within a light field through a single photodetector,without optical and mechanical structures,is challenging.The difficulty lies in extracting multi-dimensional optical information from a single dimension of photocurrent.Emerging photodetectors based on information reconstruction have potential,yet they only extract information contained in the photoresponse current amplitude(responsivity matrix),neglecting the hidden information in response edges driven by carrier dynamics.Herein,by adjusting the thickness of the absorption layer and the interface electric field strength in the perovskite photodiode,we extend the transport and relaxation time of carriers excited by photons of different wavelengths,maximizing the spectrum richness of the edge waveform in the light-dark transition process.For the first time,without the need for extra optical and electrical components,the reconstruction of two-dimensional information of light intensity and wavelength has been achieved.With the integration of machine learning algorithms into waveform data analysis,a wide operation spectrum range of 350–750 nm is available with a 100%accuracy rate.The restoration error has been lowered to less than 0.1%for light intensity.This work offers valuable insights for advancing perovskite applications in areas such as wavelength identification and spectrum imaging.
文摘Structured light beams offer promising properties for a variety of applications,but the generation of broadband structured light remains a challenge.New opportunities are emerging in the terahertz frequency range owing to recent progress in light-driven ultrafast vectorial currents through spatially patterning spintronic and optoelectronic systems.
文摘In 1957,Macfarlane Burnet proposed the theory that harnessing the body’s immune system could be an effective method for cancer treatment[1].Today,T-cell-based immunotherapies have indeed become a vital part of cancer treatment[2].However,a deeper understanding of antitumor immunity is still necessary to further support these treatments.Notably,CD4^(+)T cells are central to mediating antitumor immune responses[3,4,5,6],yet the cellular and molecular programs governing CD4^(+)T-cell antitumor immunity remain unclear.Our recent research revealed that CD4^(+)T-cell immunity is critically dependent on an intrinsic stem-like program[7].
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(62375116)Shenzhen Medical Research Fund(B2302038)+2 种基金Key Technology Research and Development Program of Shandong(2021CXGC010212)Science,Technology and Innovation Commission of Shenzhen Municipality(JCYJ20220818100416036,KQTD20200820113012029)Startup Grant from Southern University of Science and Technology。
文摘Single-molecule localization microscopy(SMLM)enables three-dimensional(3D)investigation of nanoscale structures in biological samples,offering unique insights into their organization.However,traditional 3D super-resolution microscopy using high numerical aperture(NA)objectives is limited by imaging depth of field(DOF),restricting their practical application to relatively thin biological samples.Here,we developed a unified solution for thick sample super-resolution imaging using a deformable mirror(DM)which served for fast remote focusing,optimized point spread function(PSF)engineering,and accurate aberration correction.By effectively correcting the system aberrations introduced during remote focusing and sample aberrations at different imaging depths,we achieved high-accuracy,large DOF imaging(~8μm)of the whole-cell organelles[i.e.,nuclear pore complex(NPC),microtubules,and mitochondria]with a nearly uniform resolution of approximately 35 nm across the entire cellular volume.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC Nos.12204401,12332002,and 62175208).
文摘Near-infrared(NIR)phosphors based on Cr3+doped garnets present great potential in the next generation of NIR light sources.Nevertheless,the huge searching space for the garnet composition makes the rapid discovery of NIR phosphors with high performance remain a great challenge for the scientific community.Herein,a generalizable machine learning(ML)strategy is designed to accelerate the exploration of innovative NIR phosphors via establishing the relationship between key parameters and emission peak wavelength(EPW).We propose a semi-supervised co-training model based on kernel ridge regression(KRR)and support vector regression(SVR),which successfully establishes an expanded dataset with unlabeled dataset(previously unidentified garnets),addressing the overfitting issue resulted from a small dataset and greatly improving the model generalization capability.
