Eucalyptus staigeriana essential oil(EsEO)has well-known anthelmintic activity in small ruminants.However,its volatility limits its therapeutic action.The aim of this study was to develop a water-in-oil sodium alginat...Eucalyptus staigeriana essential oil(EsEO)has well-known anthelmintic activity in small ruminants.However,its volatility limits its therapeutic action.The aim of this study was to develop a water-in-oil sodium alginatebased nanoemulsion with an effective in vitro effect on the eggs and larvae of Haemonchus contortus,a gastrointestinal parasite of sheep and goats.Four oil-in-water sodium alginate-based emulsions were prepared using a high-energy method with different proportions of Tween 80,EsEO,and sodium alginate(ALG)4%.The physical-chemical characterization included stability,particle size,zeta potential and infrared spectra.The effects of the emulsions were evaluated against H.contortus via the egg hatching test(EHT)and larval development test(LDT).The results showed that the emulsions were stable over 7 days,nanometer scale particles(218.8 to 371.5 nm)predominating and with negative zeta potentials(−28.9 to−46.9 mV).All four emulsions were more effective than EsEO in the EHT,with 50%effective concentrations(EC50)of 0.088 to 0.15 mg/mL for the emulsions and 0.308 mg/mL for EsEO.However,in the LDT,the emulsions and essential oil had similar effects,with EC50 values of 3.91 to 4.60 mg/mL for the emulsions and 4.17 mg/mL for EsEO.Emulsion 2,with low Tween 80/EsEO and ALG/EsEO ratios,was considered better overall in terms of physical,chemical and anthelmintic assessment and is a promising candidate for further in vivo assays against adult H.contortus.展开更多
This study prepared and characterized amphiphilic carboxymethyl cellulose stearate(CMCS)recycled from sugarcane bagasse agro-waste(SB).The Fourier-transform infrared(FTIR)analysis confirmed cellulose,carboxymethyl cel...This study prepared and characterized amphiphilic carboxymethyl cellulose stearate(CMCS)recycled from sugarcane bagasse agro-waste(SB).The Fourier-transform infrared(FTIR)analysis confirmed cellulose,carboxymethyl cellulose(CMC),and CMCS structures,with CMCS showing increased H-bonding.X-ray diffraction analysis(XRD)revealed reduced crystallinity in CMC and CMCS.CMCS exhibited a hydrophobic nature but dispersed in water,enabling nanoemulsion formation.Optimal nanoemulsion was achieved with CMCS1,showing a particle size of 99 nm.Transmission electron microscopy(TEM)images revealed CMC’s honeycomb structure,transforming into spherical particles in CMCS1.Antimicrobial tests demonstrated strong activity of CMCS formulations against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus,with CMCS3 exhibiting the highest efficacy.These findings highlight the potential of CMCS-based nanoemulsions for antimicrobial applications and nanoemulsification.展开更多
The chloride penetration resistance of cement-based grout materials was improved by nano-silica emulsion.Specimens of mixtures containing different nano-silica particles or emulsions were exposed in sodium chloride so...The chloride penetration resistance of cement-based grout materials was improved by nano-silica emulsion.Specimens of mixtures containing different nano-silica particles or emulsions were exposed in sodium chloride solutions of specific concentrations with different test ages.Hardened properties of the mixes were assessed in terms of weight loss and compressive strength.X-ray diffraction(XRD)and scanning electron microscopy(SEM)of mixes were performed to analysis the phase evolution and microstructure.The results demonstrated that the introduction of nano-SiO_(2) emulsion significantly decreased the compressive strength loss and calcium hydroxide(CH)crystal content of hydration production,and then enhanced the resistance of cement-based grouting materials to chloride ion penetration.This improvement derives from the filling and pozzolanic effects of nano-SiO_(2) particles,which were incorporated via an emulsion and attributed to a well dispersion in grouting matrix.展开更多
Organic ultraviolet(UV)filters play a crucial role in reducing sunburn,photoaging,and the risk of skin cancer induced by UV radiation.However,the challenges posed by photodegradation,potential phototoxicity,and poor d...Organic ultraviolet(UV)filters play a crucial role in reducing sunburn,photoaging,and the risk of skin cancer induced by UV radiation.However,the challenges posed by photodegradation,potential phototoxicity,and poor dispersion characteristics of organic UV filters significantly hinder their practical applications.This study aims to encapsulate avobenzone,a widely used UV filter,in mesoporous silica(MPS)to form AB@MPS particles via an in-situ sol-gel process,and to research their sunscreen performance as stabilizers in Pickering emulsion.The UV absorption capability of AB@MPS particles is stronger than free avobenzone.The in vitro skin penetration study reveals a greatly reduced permeability(73.9%)for avobenzone from AB@MPS compared to its free form.Furthermore,the photostability of AB@MPS particles increases 14.3 times compared to that of free avobenzone.In UV protection tests,the Pickering emulsion’s anti-UVA efficacy is 2.28 times greater than that of 20%PG solution,4.41 times greater than Carbomer hydrogel,and 3.59 times greater than the cream formulation.The SPF value of the Pickering emulsion is 2.41 times greater than the 20%PG solution,2 times greater than the Carbomer hydrogel,and 6.77 times greater than the cream formulation.This study presents a promising strategy for the application of Pickering emulsions in the cosmetic and pharmaceutical sectors,providing a safe and efficient formulation for sunscreens.展开更多
Naturally degradable capsule provides a platform for sustained fragrance release.However,practical challenges such as low encapsulation efficiency and difficulty in sustained release are still limited in using fragran...Naturally degradable capsule provides a platform for sustained fragrance release.However,practical challenges such as low encapsulation efficiency and difficulty in sustained release are still limited in using fragranceloaded capsules.In this work,the natural materials sodium alginate and gelatine are dissolved and act as the aqueous phase,lavender is dissolved in caprylic/capric triglyceride(GTCC)as the oil phase,and SiO_(2) nanoparticles with neutralwettability as a solid emulsifier to form O/W Pickering emulsions simultaneously.Finally,multi-core capsules are prepared using the drop injection method with emulsions as templates.The results show that the capsules have been successfully prepared with a spherical morphology and multi-core structure,and the encapsulation rate of multi-core capsules can reach up to 99.6%.In addition,the multi-core capsules possess desirable sustained release performance,the cumulative sustained release rate of fragrance at 25℃over 49 days is only 32.5%.It is attributed to the significant protection of multi-core structure,Pickering emulsion nanoparticle membranes,and hydrogel network shell for encapsulated fragrance.This study is designed to deliver a new strategy for using sustained-release technology with fragrance in food,cosmetics,textiles,and other fields.展开更多
Non-aqueous emulsions have a wide range of applications in cosmetics,drug-controlled release,and the preparation of functional nanoparticles.However,due to the weaker polarity of non-aqueous solvents,these emulsions o...Non-aqueous emulsions have a wide range of applications in cosmetics,drug-controlled release,and the preparation of functional nanoparticles.However,due to the weaker polarity of non-aqueous solvents,these emulsions often exhibit inferior stability compared to their aqueous counterparts.In this experiment,the properties of quaternary ammonium surfactants in glycerol were investigated through surface tension measurements,to further enhance the stability of n-decane/glycerol emulsions,hydrophilic nanoparticles SiO_(2) were modified in situ using double tailed quaternary ammonium surfactants Di-C_(12)DAB and Di-C_(16)DAB.Stable n-decane/glycerol Pickering emulsions were successfully prepared.These emulsions were stable at 45℃for over six months,and no significant changes in droplet size occurred.The minimum droplet size of the emulsion was only 2-3μm.Contact angle measurements showed that the wettability of the silica surface was tremendously affected by the concentration and the alkyl chain length of the double-tailed surfactants.In the presence of Di-C_(12)DAB,the contact angle of glycerol on the silica surface increased monotonically with the surfactant concentration.This explains the phenomenon that the Pickering emulsions containing Di-C_(12)DAB and silica particles were stable within the contact angle range of 80°-120°.Comparatively,the contact angle of the glycerol on the silica surface in the presence of Di-C_(16)DAB first increased with surfactant concentrations and then decreased,reaching a maximum at 0.6 mmol/L.It can be concluded that Di-C_(12)DAB formed monolayers at the surface of silica particles within all investigated concentrations.On the contrary,Di-C_(16)DAB formed monolayers at concentrations below 0.6 mmol/L and formed double layers at concentrations above 0.6 mmol/L,leading to a non-monotonic change in the contact angle with respect to concentration.Using these stable non-aqueous Pickering emulsions as templates,polymer microspheres with a particle size of 2-3μm were successfully prepared with high yield.This work is helpful to expand the potential applications of non-aqueous emulsions in the encapsulation of drug,controlled release,material preparation,and cosmetic formulations.展开更多
The stability of acid-crude oil emulsion poses manifold issues in the oil industry.Experimentally evaluating this phenomenon may be costly and time-consuming.In contrast,machine learning models have proven effective i...The stability of acid-crude oil emulsion poses manifold issues in the oil industry.Experimentally evaluating this phenomenon may be costly and time-consuming.In contrast,machine learning models have proven effective in predicting and evaluating various phenomena.This research is the first of its kind to assess the stability of acid-crude oil emulsion,employing various classification machine learning models.For this purpose,a data set consisting of 249 experimental data points belonging to 11 different crude oil samples was collected.Three tree-based models,namely decision tree(DT),random forest(RF),and categorical boosting(CatBoost),as well as three artificial neural network models,namely radial basis function(RBF),multi-layer perceptron(MLP) and convolutional neural network(CNN),were developed based on the properties of crude oil,acid,and protective additive.The CatBoost model obtained the highest accuracy with 0.9687,followed closely by the CNN model with 0.9673.In addition,confusion matrix findings showed the superiority of the CatBoost model.Finally,by applying the SHapley Additive exPlanations(SHAP) method to analyze the impact of input parameters,it was found that the crude oil viscosity has the most significant effect on the model's output with the mean absolute SHAP value of 0.88.展开更多
Emulsions are widely used across various industries but often require surfactants for stabilization,leading to complex product formulations and environmental concerns.Continuous preparation of stable emulsions without...Emulsions are widely used across various industries but often require surfactants for stabilization,leading to complex product formulations and environmental concerns.Continuous preparation of stable emulsions without surfactants is still a significant challenge.Herein,a secondary membrane emulsification system was developed to produce stable oil-in-water emulsions under surfactant-free conditions,where the first membrane module employed the cross-flow membrane emulsification to generate the primary emulsion,while the second membrane module employed the premix membrane emulsification to further reduce the droplet size,thereby improving the emulsion stability.The morphology and droplet size of the secondary emulsion significantly depend on the membrane pore size,membrane surface wettability,primary emulsion flow,and primary emulsion quality.The secondary membrane emulsification system demonstrates excellent operational stability over 12 h,with no obvious changes in the emulsion characteristics.The prepared secondary emulsion remains relatively stable up to 10 min without surfactants,significantly superior to the primary emulsion.Furthermore,the developed system successfully produces the Janus emulsion with homogeneous internal phase morphology.This research provides an effective approach for the continuous preparation of stable emulsions without surfactants.展开更多
As a natural oil-soluble emulsifier to replace Polyglycerol Polyricinoleate(PGPR),lecithin's application in double emulsions(DEs)remains constrained due to low encapsulation efficiency and stability,while incorpor...As a natural oil-soluble emulsifier to replace Polyglycerol Polyricinoleate(PGPR),lecithin's application in double emulsions(DEs)remains constrained due to low encapsulation efficiency and stability,while incorporating Pickering particles within the inner aqueous phase(W_(1))has emerged as an effective approach to enhance DEs stability.However,the interfacial interactions between Pickering particles in W_(1) and lecithin in oil phase and their effects on the physical,delivery and digestion properties of DEs remain to be explored.In this study,a natural Pickering DEs encapsulating blueberry anthocyanins(ANCs)was developed using lecithin and gliadinbased particles,with gliadin colloid particles(GCPs)introduced into W_(1).The effects of GCP concentration in W_(1) on emulsion droplet size,microstructure,W_(1)/O interfacial rheology,in vitro digestion,and ANCs delivery performance were systematically investigated.Results showed that GCPs in W_(1) accelerated the decreasing of W_(1)/O interfacial tension,indicating that,beyond competitive adsorption,combination between the two might also occur at the interface,which could accelerate the interfacial adsorption of lecithin.GCPs significantly improved the strength of the W_(1)/O interface,thus improving ANCs encapsulation efficiency from 49.66%to 70.60%.Moreover,the droplet size of DEs decreased from 38.94μm to 24.09μm as GCPs concentration increased,indicating that some GCPs might transfer to the outer aqueous phase through phase exchange,acting as hydrophilic emulsifiers.GCPs in W_(1) can modulate ANCs in vitro release,enhancing ANCs'bioaccessibility(31.10%)and antioxidant capacity.展开更多
Poly(octamethylene citrate)(POC)is a promising bioelastomer material in the biomedical field.However,its thermosetting nature poses a significant challenge to processing and molding,especially manufacturing the POC-ba...Poly(octamethylene citrate)(POC)is a promising bioelastomer material in the biomedical field.However,its thermosetting nature poses a significant challenge to processing and molding,especially manufacturing the POC-based elastomer particles as potential,degradable and toughened fillers.Firstly,a Pickering emulsion with a pre-polymer(pre-POC)solution in dimethyl carbonate as a dispersed oil phase,a Pullulan(PUL)aqueous solution as a continuous water phase,and chitin nanocrystal(ChiNC)as a particle-type emulsifier was constructed.Secondly,the POC-based core/shell structured microspheres were prepared by spray-drying of the emulsions,and characterized by a scanning electron microscope and a transmission electron microscope.Finally,the POC-based core/shell structured microspheres were used as elastomer fillers to strengthen and toughen a chitosan film,resulting in 26%increase in the tensile strength and 45%increase in the strain at break;the POC-based core/shell structured microsphere as a double-layer drug release system was built in which the hydrophilic drug of tetracycline hydrochloride(TCH)was released from the outer layer and the hydrophobic drug of curcumin was released from the inner layer,roughly following the Ritger-Peppas model.展开更多
Polysaccharide-based Pickering emulsions(PEs)have attracted increasing attention as next-generation colloidal systems owing to their excellent biocompatibility,environmental responsiveness,and structural tunability.Th...Polysaccharide-based Pickering emulsions(PEs)have attracted increasing attention as next-generation colloidal systems owing to their excellent biocompatibility,environmental responsiveness,and structural tunability.This mini review systematically summarizes recent advances in the design,stabilization mechanisms,and biomedical applications of polysaccharide particle-stabilized PEs.Emphasis is placed on how particle properties—such as size,morphology,and surface chemistry—govern interfacial adsorption,emulsion stability,and functional performance.Strategies for structural design are discussed in detail,including physical modulation(e.g.,milling,drying),chemical modification(e.g.,hydrophobic group grafting,pH-responsiveness),and advanced assembly approaches such as self-assembly and hybrid co-assembly with proteins,lipids,and inorganic nanoparticles(NPs).These design principles not only improve interfacial stabilization but also enable integration of biofunctionalities,including mucoadhesion,antioxidation,and targeted delivery.The mini review further highlights the diverse biomedical applications of polysaccharide PEs,particularly in controlled drug release,oral delivery,and stimuli-responsive therapeutic systems.Recent advances in responsive emulsions capable of reacting to pH,enzymes,temperature,magnetic fields,and metabolic triggers are discussed,showcasing their promise in precision medicine.Despite their potential,key challenges remain,including batch-to-batch variability,unclear metabolic fate of modified polysaccharides,and the lack of regulatory consensus for clinical translation.Looking forward,the integration of green synthesis,high-throughput design,and computational modeling is expected to accelerate the development of multifunctional,intelligent PEs.With interdisciplinary collaboration,polysaccharide-based PEs are poised to evolve from interfacial stabilizers into versatile platforms for biomedical,food,and personal care applications.展开更多
Flexible and conformable nanomaterial-based functional hydrogels find promising applications in various fields.However,the controllable manipulation of functional electron/mass transport networks in hydrogels remains ...Flexible and conformable nanomaterial-based functional hydrogels find promising applications in various fields.However,the controllable manipulation of functional electron/mass transport networks in hydrogels remains rather challenging to realize.We describe a general and versatile surfactant-free emulsion construction strategy to customize robust functional hydrogels with programmable hierarchical structures.Significantly,the amphipathy of silk fibroin(SF)and the reinforcement effect of MXene nanosheets produce sable Pickering emulsion without any surfactant.The followed microphase separation and self-cross-linking of the SF chains induced by the solvent exchange convert the composite emulsions into high-performance hydrogels with tunable microstructures and functionalities.As a proof-of-concept,the controllable regulation of the ordered conductive network and the water polarization effect confer the hydrogels with an intriguing electromagnetic interference shielding efficiency(~64 dB).Also,the microstructures of functional hydrogels are modulated to promote mass/heat transfer properties.The amino acids of SF and the surface terminations of MXene help reduce the enthalpy of water evaporation and the hierarchical structures of the hydrogels accelerate evaporation process,expecting far superior evaporation performance(~3.5 kg m^(-2)h^(-1))and salt tolerance capability compared to other hydrogel evaporators.Our findings open a wealth of opportunities for producing functional hydrogel devices with integrated structure-dependent properties.展开更多
Herein,a recrystallization approach was used to produce anhydrous sodium sulfate(ASS)microparticles,which are highly efficient and reusable for separating surfactant-stabilized water from water-in-oil emulsions.The AS...Herein,a recrystallization approach was used to produce anhydrous sodium sulfate(ASS)microparticles,which are highly efficient and reusable for separating surfactant-stabilized water from water-in-oil emulsions.The ASS microparticles exhibit distinct morphologies and crystal structures.Remarkably,0.1 g of ASS170 enables the separation of 10 m L of emulsion(water content:0.1 g)with a high separation efficiency of 98.63%.A stepwise separation mechanism,including demulsification and water immobilization in the crystal lattice of ASS,is proposed.The superhydrophilicity of ASS particles enables tiny water droplets to aggregate and merge into larger droplets on their surfaces.This process facilitates the phase transition from ASS to sodium sulfate decahydrate(SSD),during which water molecules are immobilized in the expanded crystal lattice of ASS.SSD particles can be collected to regenerate ASS,retaining the high performance of the original ASS.This unique renewable feature reduces the cost of utilizing ASS and simultaneously prevents secondary pollution.Further economic evaluation reveals that it only costs 66.51USD/m3to purify emulsion with a water content of 10 g/L,significantly lower than previously reported materials.Coupled with a facile and environmentally friendly preparation strategy,this method shows great application potential for water-in-oil emulsion separation and oil purification.展开更多
Stable HCl-crude oil emulsion and its subsequent sludge formation,with detrimental impacts on oil production,may stem from acid stimulation.One major ambiguity in this process is to discern the most influential compon...Stable HCl-crude oil emulsion and its subsequent sludge formation,with detrimental impacts on oil production,may stem from acid stimulation.One major ambiguity in this process is to discern the most influential component of crude oil on the stability of formed emulsions.This fundamental question has not adequately been addressed in previous studies.In this work,the impact of de-asphalted part of crude oil(maltene)has been investigated on the acid-induced emulsion and sludge separately.Accordingly,the emulsion phase separation and the amount of formed sludge have been compared for four crude oils and their maltene samples for different concentrations of ferric ion and acidic pH values.The results of phase separation,as a criterion for emulsion stability,showed that crude oil samples formed 6 to 25 percent more stable emulsions than maltene samples,when using blank HCl.The emulsions of maltene and spent acid(pH=2)broke completely during the first 15 min after emulsification.In addition,the maltene components usually had less contribution to sludge formation in the presence of blank HCl.It was concluded that asphaltene is the key component during interaction with HCl.However,the maltene of one crude sample formed higher acid sludge in comparison to its crude oil.For acid solutions containing 3000 ppm of ferric ion,the emulsion stability increased for all crude oil and maltene samples.Moreover,the stability of some maltene emulsions increased to 48%and 100%in the presence of 3000 ppm of ferric ions.The presence of ferric ions caused forming very stable emulsions,while most of the sludge formation took place at higher pH values.Finally,it was also attained that emulsion and sludge formations could happen simultaneously.展开更多
Copolymers of fluoroethylene and vinyl ethers(FEVE)are soluble and curable at relatively low temperature,and are used as high-performance coatings and paints.Currently,most market-available FEVE products obtained thro...Copolymers of fluoroethylene and vinyl ethers(FEVE)are soluble and curable at relatively low temperature,and are used as high-performance coatings and paints.Currently,most market-available FEVE products obtained through solution polymerization contain a large fraction of organic solvent,and hence,volatile organic compound(VOC)emissions cause environmental issues.In this study,the emulsion copolymerization of chlorotrifluoroethylene(CTFE)and vinyl ethers using an environmentally friendly emulsification system to produce waterborne FEVE was investigated.In addition to mixed nonionic and ionic surfactants,macromolecular monomer with double bond and polyoxyethylene segments were used in the emulsification system.The effect of adding macromolecular monomer and polyoxyethylene segment length of the nonionic surfactant on emulsion copolymerization were analyzed.An optimized emulsifier system for FEVE is proposed,and the prepared FEVE latexes exhibit excellent storage stability and film formation ability.展开更多
Transcatheter arterial embolization(TAE)is the mainstay for treating advanced hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC),and the performance of the embolization material is crucial in TAE.With the development of medical imaging an...Transcatheter arterial embolization(TAE)is the mainstay for treating advanced hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC),and the performance of the embolization material is crucial in TAE.With the development of medical imaging and the birth of“X-ray-free”technologies,we designed a new dual-mode imaging material of dimethoxy tetraphenyl ethylene(DMTPE)via emulsification by mixing poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-acrylic acid)(PNA)with lipiodol and fluorocarbons,which was evaluated for temperature sensitivity,stability,and dual-mode visualization in vitro.Additionally,blood vessel casting embolization and renal artery imaging were assessed in healthy rabbits.In a rabbit model with a VX2 tumor,the effectiveness of TAE for treating HCC was examined,with an emphasis on evaluating long-term outcomes of embolization and its effects on tumor growth,necrosis,and proliferation through imaging techniques.In vitro experiments confirmed that the temperature-sensitive dual-oil-phase Pickering emulsion had good flow,stable contrast,and embolism when the oil-to-oil ratio and water-to-oil ratio were both 7:3(v/v)and stabilized with 8%PNA.Similarly,in vivo,arterial embolization confirmed the excellent properties of DMTPE prepared at the abovementioned ratios.It was observed that DMTPE not only has an antitumor effect but can also achieve dual imaging using X-rays and ultrasound,making it a promising excellent vascular embolization material for TAE in tumor treatment.展开更多
During oil displacement,surfactants often encounter challenges such as emulsion instability and channeling,which can compromise their efficiency.To address these issues,polymer microspheres were synthesized via revers...During oil displacement,surfactants often encounter challenges such as emulsion instability and channeling,which can compromise their efficiency.To address these issues,polymer microspheres were synthesized via reverse microemulsion polymerization using acrylamide,2-methyl-2-acrylamidopropane sulfonic acid,and stearyl methacrylate as monomers,with N,N-methylenebisacrylamide as the crosslinker.The microspheres were then combined with sodium alkyl alcohol polyoxyethylene ether carboxylate to enhance emulsion stability and expand the swept volume of surfactant.A stable reverse microemulsion system was prepared using the maximum water solubilization rate as the indicator,and microspheres were synthesized based on this system.The ability of the microspheres to enhance emulsion stability was systematically evaluated.The plugging performance and enhanced oil recovery(EOR)efficiency of the microsphere/surfactant composite system were assessed through core seepage and oil displacement experiments.The experimental results demonstrated that microspheres were successfully prepared in a water-in-oil reverse microemulsion system with a solubilization rate of 42%.The emulsion stability was evaluated under an oil-to-water ratio of 7:3,a temperature of 80℃,and a salinity of 44,592 mg/L,by manually shaking the test tube five times.It was observed that the complete phase separation time of the emulsion increased from 10 to 120 min after the addition of microspheres.Under different permeability conditions(100×10^(-3),300×10^(-3),500×10^(-3)μm^(2)),the recovery efficiency of the composite system increased by 4.5%,8.3%,and 4.8%,respectively,compared to a single surfactant system.The microspheres developed in this study enhanced emulsion stability and increased the swept volume of surfactant within the formation,significantly boosting its oil recovery efficiency.展开更多
With oily wastewater treatment emerging as a critical global issue,porous media and shear forces have received significant attention as environmentally friendly methods for oil–water separation.This study systematica...With oily wastewater treatment emerging as a critical global issue,porous media and shear forces have received significant attention as environmentally friendly methods for oil–water separation.This study systematically simulates the dynamics of oil-in-water emulsion demulsification under porous media and shear forces using a color-gradient Lattice Boltzmann model.The morphological evolution and demulsification efficiency of emulsions are governed by porous media and shear forces.The effects of porosity and shear velocity on demulsification are quantitatively analyzed.(1)The presence of porous media enhances the ability of the flow field to trap oil droplets,with lower porosity corresponding to improved demulsification performance.Moreover,a more orderly arrangement of porous media promotes oil droplet coalescence.(2)Higher shear velocity in the flow field facilitates the aggregation of oil droplets.However,oscillatory shear conditions reduce the demulsification efficiency of emulsions.(3)Among the combined effects of shear velocity and porosity,porosity emerges as the dominant factor influencing emulsion demulsification.(4)Higher initial oil concentrations enhance demulsification efficiency.These simulation results provide valuable insights for further research on emulsion demulsification.展开更多
The stability of oil-dominated emulsions,including oil-based drilling fluids and crude oils,is crucial for mitigating gas hydrate risks in the petroleum and natural gas industries.Nanoparticles can stabilize oilwater ...The stability of oil-dominated emulsions,including oil-based drilling fluids and crude oils,is crucial for mitigating gas hydrate risks in the petroleum and natural gas industries.Nanoparticles can stabilize oilwater systems(Pickering emulsions)by residing at the oil-water interface.However,their effects on the kinetics of hydrate formation in these systems remain unclear.To address this,we experimentally investigated how hydrophilic and hydrophobic nano-CaCO_(3) influence CH4 hydrate formation within dynamic oil-water systems.A series of hydrate formation experiments were conducted with varying water cuts and different concentrations of nano-CaCO_(3) at a particle size of 20 nm,under 3℃ and 6 MPa.The induction time,hydrate formation volume,and hydrate growth rate were measured and calculated.The results indicate that hydrophilic nano-CaCO_(3) generally inhibits hydrate formation,particularly at high water cuts,while hydrophobic nano-CaCO_(3) can significantly inhibit or even prevent hydrate formation at low water cuts.Water cut strongly influences the kinetics of hydrate formation,and nanoparticle concentration also impacts the results,likely due to changes in oil-water interface stability caused by nanoparticle distribution.This study will offer valuable insights for designing deepwater oilbased drilling fluids using nanoparticles and ensuring safe multiphase flow in deepwater oil and gas operations.展开更多
Rationale:Recurrent pregnancy loss and recurrent implantation failure are frequently linked to immune dysregulation,particularly heightened natural killer(NK)cell activity,cytokine imbalance,and autoantibody presence....Rationale:Recurrent pregnancy loss and recurrent implantation failure are frequently linked to immune dysregulation,particularly heightened natural killer(NK)cell activity,cytokine imbalance,and autoantibody presence.Lipid emulsion therapy,originally designed for parenteral nutrition,is increasingly recognized for its immunomodulatory potential in reproductive medicine.Patient concerns:A 34-year-old woman with five years of infertility,four first-trimester miscarriages,and three failed in vitro fertilization(IVF)cycles despite transfer of morphologically optimal embryos presented for evaluation.Diagnosis:Routine genetic,endocrine,metabolic,thrombophilia,and anatomical investigations were unremarkable.Immunological testing revealed elevated antiphospholipid and anti-thyroid peroxidase(anti-TPO)antibodies,increased NK cell activity,an imbalanced Th1/Th2 cytokine ratio,and raised tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α),suggesting immune-mediated reproductive dysfunction.Interventions:The patient underwent IVF with transfer of a single euploid blastocyst following intravenous lipid emulsion therapy(20%,100 mL),administered before transfer,on transfer day,and biweekly until 12 weeks.Associated therapies included aspirin,enoxaparin,progesterone,levothyroxine,and supplementation.Outcomes:Serum beta-human chorionic gonadotropin(β-hCG)and ultrasound confirmed pregnancy with subsequent NK cell normalization.The pregnancy was uncomplicated,resulting in spontaneous vaginal delivery of a healthy male infant.Lessons:Lipid emulsion therapy may improve implantation and pregnancy outcomes in immune-mediated recurrent pregnancy loss and recurrent implantation failure,but larger trials are required to validate efficacy and optimize protocols.展开更多
基金supported by Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico eTecnologico(CNPq)(grant No.142165/2018-2)Mr.Araujo-Filho had a doctoral scholarship and Dr.Bevilaqua has a research fellowship(grant No.305911/2019-8)from CNPq.
文摘Eucalyptus staigeriana essential oil(EsEO)has well-known anthelmintic activity in small ruminants.However,its volatility limits its therapeutic action.The aim of this study was to develop a water-in-oil sodium alginatebased nanoemulsion with an effective in vitro effect on the eggs and larvae of Haemonchus contortus,a gastrointestinal parasite of sheep and goats.Four oil-in-water sodium alginate-based emulsions were prepared using a high-energy method with different proportions of Tween 80,EsEO,and sodium alginate(ALG)4%.The physical-chemical characterization included stability,particle size,zeta potential and infrared spectra.The effects of the emulsions were evaluated against H.contortus via the egg hatching test(EHT)and larval development test(LDT).The results showed that the emulsions were stable over 7 days,nanometer scale particles(218.8 to 371.5 nm)predominating and with negative zeta potentials(−28.9 to−46.9 mV).All four emulsions were more effective than EsEO in the EHT,with 50%effective concentrations(EC50)of 0.088 to 0.15 mg/mL for the emulsions and 0.308 mg/mL for EsEO.However,in the LDT,the emulsions and essential oil had similar effects,with EC50 values of 3.91 to 4.60 mg/mL for the emulsions and 4.17 mg/mL for EsEO.Emulsion 2,with low Tween 80/EsEO and ALG/EsEO ratios,was considered better overall in terms of physical,chemical and anthelmintic assessment and is a promising candidate for further in vivo assays against adult H.contortus.
文摘This study prepared and characterized amphiphilic carboxymethyl cellulose stearate(CMCS)recycled from sugarcane bagasse agro-waste(SB).The Fourier-transform infrared(FTIR)analysis confirmed cellulose,carboxymethyl cellulose(CMC),and CMCS structures,with CMCS showing increased H-bonding.X-ray diffraction analysis(XRD)revealed reduced crystallinity in CMC and CMCS.CMCS exhibited a hydrophobic nature but dispersed in water,enabling nanoemulsion formation.Optimal nanoemulsion was achieved with CMCS1,showing a particle size of 99 nm.Transmission electron microscopy(TEM)images revealed CMC’s honeycomb structure,transforming into spherical particles in CMCS1.Antimicrobial tests demonstrated strong activity of CMCS formulations against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus,with CMCS3 exhibiting the highest efficacy.These findings highlight the potential of CMCS-based nanoemulsions for antimicrobial applications and nanoemulsification.
基金Funded by a Science and Technology Project from the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of the People’s Republic of China(No.2019-K-047)Yangzhou Government-Yangzhou University Cooperative Platform Project for Science and Technology Innovation(No.YZ2020262)。
文摘The chloride penetration resistance of cement-based grout materials was improved by nano-silica emulsion.Specimens of mixtures containing different nano-silica particles or emulsions were exposed in sodium chloride solutions of specific concentrations with different test ages.Hardened properties of the mixes were assessed in terms of weight loss and compressive strength.X-ray diffraction(XRD)and scanning electron microscopy(SEM)of mixes were performed to analysis the phase evolution and microstructure.The results demonstrated that the introduction of nano-SiO_(2) emulsion significantly decreased the compressive strength loss and calcium hydroxide(CH)crystal content of hydration production,and then enhanced the resistance of cement-based grouting materials to chloride ion penetration.This improvement derives from the filling and pozzolanic effects of nano-SiO_(2) particles,which were incorporated via an emulsion and attributed to a well dispersion in grouting matrix.
文摘Organic ultraviolet(UV)filters play a crucial role in reducing sunburn,photoaging,and the risk of skin cancer induced by UV radiation.However,the challenges posed by photodegradation,potential phototoxicity,and poor dispersion characteristics of organic UV filters significantly hinder their practical applications.This study aims to encapsulate avobenzone,a widely used UV filter,in mesoporous silica(MPS)to form AB@MPS particles via an in-situ sol-gel process,and to research their sunscreen performance as stabilizers in Pickering emulsion.The UV absorption capability of AB@MPS particles is stronger than free avobenzone.The in vitro skin penetration study reveals a greatly reduced permeability(73.9%)for avobenzone from AB@MPS compared to its free form.Furthermore,the photostability of AB@MPS particles increases 14.3 times compared to that of free avobenzone.In UV protection tests,the Pickering emulsion’s anti-UVA efficacy is 2.28 times greater than that of 20%PG solution,4.41 times greater than Carbomer hydrogel,and 3.59 times greater than the cream formulation.The SPF value of the Pickering emulsion is 2.41 times greater than the 20%PG solution,2 times greater than the Carbomer hydrogel,and 6.77 times greater than the cream formulation.This study presents a promising strategy for the application of Pickering emulsions in the cosmetic and pharmaceutical sectors,providing a safe and efficient formulation for sunscreens.
文摘Naturally degradable capsule provides a platform for sustained fragrance release.However,practical challenges such as low encapsulation efficiency and difficulty in sustained release are still limited in using fragranceloaded capsules.In this work,the natural materials sodium alginate and gelatine are dissolved and act as the aqueous phase,lavender is dissolved in caprylic/capric triglyceride(GTCC)as the oil phase,and SiO_(2) nanoparticles with neutralwettability as a solid emulsifier to form O/W Pickering emulsions simultaneously.Finally,multi-core capsules are prepared using the drop injection method with emulsions as templates.The results show that the capsules have been successfully prepared with a spherical morphology and multi-core structure,and the encapsulation rate of multi-core capsules can reach up to 99.6%.In addition,the multi-core capsules possess desirable sustained release performance,the cumulative sustained release rate of fragrance at 25℃over 49 days is only 32.5%.It is attributed to the significant protection of multi-core structure,Pickering emulsion nanoparticle membranes,and hydrogel network shell for encapsulated fragrance.This study is designed to deliver a new strategy for using sustained-release technology with fragrance in food,cosmetics,textiles,and other fields.
文摘Non-aqueous emulsions have a wide range of applications in cosmetics,drug-controlled release,and the preparation of functional nanoparticles.However,due to the weaker polarity of non-aqueous solvents,these emulsions often exhibit inferior stability compared to their aqueous counterparts.In this experiment,the properties of quaternary ammonium surfactants in glycerol were investigated through surface tension measurements,to further enhance the stability of n-decane/glycerol emulsions,hydrophilic nanoparticles SiO_(2) were modified in situ using double tailed quaternary ammonium surfactants Di-C_(12)DAB and Di-C_(16)DAB.Stable n-decane/glycerol Pickering emulsions were successfully prepared.These emulsions were stable at 45℃for over six months,and no significant changes in droplet size occurred.The minimum droplet size of the emulsion was only 2-3μm.Contact angle measurements showed that the wettability of the silica surface was tremendously affected by the concentration and the alkyl chain length of the double-tailed surfactants.In the presence of Di-C_(12)DAB,the contact angle of glycerol on the silica surface increased monotonically with the surfactant concentration.This explains the phenomenon that the Pickering emulsions containing Di-C_(12)DAB and silica particles were stable within the contact angle range of 80°-120°.Comparatively,the contact angle of the glycerol on the silica surface in the presence of Di-C_(16)DAB first increased with surfactant concentrations and then decreased,reaching a maximum at 0.6 mmol/L.It can be concluded that Di-C_(12)DAB formed monolayers at the surface of silica particles within all investigated concentrations.On the contrary,Di-C_(16)DAB formed monolayers at concentrations below 0.6 mmol/L and formed double layers at concentrations above 0.6 mmol/L,leading to a non-monotonic change in the contact angle with respect to concentration.Using these stable non-aqueous Pickering emulsions as templates,polymer microspheres with a particle size of 2-3μm were successfully prepared with high yield.This work is helpful to expand the potential applications of non-aqueous emulsions in the encapsulation of drug,controlled release,material preparation,and cosmetic formulations.
文摘The stability of acid-crude oil emulsion poses manifold issues in the oil industry.Experimentally evaluating this phenomenon may be costly and time-consuming.In contrast,machine learning models have proven effective in predicting and evaluating various phenomena.This research is the first of its kind to assess the stability of acid-crude oil emulsion,employing various classification machine learning models.For this purpose,a data set consisting of 249 experimental data points belonging to 11 different crude oil samples was collected.Three tree-based models,namely decision tree(DT),random forest(RF),and categorical boosting(CatBoost),as well as three artificial neural network models,namely radial basis function(RBF),multi-layer perceptron(MLP) and convolutional neural network(CNN),were developed based on the properties of crude oil,acid,and protective additive.The CatBoost model obtained the highest accuracy with 0.9687,followed closely by the CNN model with 0.9673.In addition,confusion matrix findings showed the superiority of the CatBoost model.Finally,by applying the SHapley Additive exPlanations(SHAP) method to analyze the impact of input parameters,it was found that the crude oil viscosity has the most significant effect on the model's output with the mean absolute SHAP value of 0.88.
基金Financial support from the National Key Research and Development Program (2024YFA1510003)the National Natural Science Foundation (U24B20197,22278209,U23A20117,22178165,22208149)+1 种基金the Jiangsu Province Natural Science Foundation(BK20220354)the State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering (SKL-MCE-23A11) of China are gratefully acknowledged。
文摘Emulsions are widely used across various industries but often require surfactants for stabilization,leading to complex product formulations and environmental concerns.Continuous preparation of stable emulsions without surfactants is still a significant challenge.Herein,a secondary membrane emulsification system was developed to produce stable oil-in-water emulsions under surfactant-free conditions,where the first membrane module employed the cross-flow membrane emulsification to generate the primary emulsion,while the second membrane module employed the premix membrane emulsification to further reduce the droplet size,thereby improving the emulsion stability.The morphology and droplet size of the secondary emulsion significantly depend on the membrane pore size,membrane surface wettability,primary emulsion flow,and primary emulsion quality.The secondary membrane emulsification system demonstrates excellent operational stability over 12 h,with no obvious changes in the emulsion characteristics.The prepared secondary emulsion remains relatively stable up to 10 min without surfactants,significantly superior to the primary emulsion.Furthermore,the developed system successfully produces the Janus emulsion with homogeneous internal phase morphology.This research provides an effective approach for the continuous preparation of stable emulsions without surfactants.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(32202235)。
文摘As a natural oil-soluble emulsifier to replace Polyglycerol Polyricinoleate(PGPR),lecithin's application in double emulsions(DEs)remains constrained due to low encapsulation efficiency and stability,while incorporating Pickering particles within the inner aqueous phase(W_(1))has emerged as an effective approach to enhance DEs stability.However,the interfacial interactions between Pickering particles in W_(1) and lecithin in oil phase and their effects on the physical,delivery and digestion properties of DEs remain to be explored.In this study,a natural Pickering DEs encapsulating blueberry anthocyanins(ANCs)was developed using lecithin and gliadinbased particles,with gliadin colloid particles(GCPs)introduced into W_(1).The effects of GCP concentration in W_(1) on emulsion droplet size,microstructure,W_(1)/O interfacial rheology,in vitro digestion,and ANCs delivery performance were systematically investigated.Results showed that GCPs in W_(1) accelerated the decreasing of W_(1)/O interfacial tension,indicating that,beyond competitive adsorption,combination between the two might also occur at the interface,which could accelerate the interfacial adsorption of lecithin.GCPs significantly improved the strength of the W_(1)/O interface,thus improving ANCs encapsulation efficiency from 49.66%to 70.60%.Moreover,the droplet size of DEs decreased from 38.94μm to 24.09μm as GCPs concentration increased,indicating that some GCPs might transfer to the outer aqueous phase through phase exchange,acting as hydrophilic emulsifiers.GCPs in W_(1) can modulate ANCs in vitro release,enhancing ANCs'bioaccessibility(31.10%)and antioxidant capacity.
文摘Poly(octamethylene citrate)(POC)is a promising bioelastomer material in the biomedical field.However,its thermosetting nature poses a significant challenge to processing and molding,especially manufacturing the POC-based elastomer particles as potential,degradable and toughened fillers.Firstly,a Pickering emulsion with a pre-polymer(pre-POC)solution in dimethyl carbonate as a dispersed oil phase,a Pullulan(PUL)aqueous solution as a continuous water phase,and chitin nanocrystal(ChiNC)as a particle-type emulsifier was constructed.Secondly,the POC-based core/shell structured microspheres were prepared by spray-drying of the emulsions,and characterized by a scanning electron microscope and a transmission electron microscope.Finally,the POC-based core/shell structured microspheres were used as elastomer fillers to strengthen and toughen a chitosan film,resulting in 26%increase in the tensile strength and 45%increase in the strain at break;the POC-based core/shell structured microsphere as a double-layer drug release system was built in which the hydrophilic drug of tetracycline hydrochloride(TCH)was released from the outer layer and the hydrophobic drug of curcumin was released from the inner layer,roughly following the Ritger-Peppas model.
基金supported by the Establishment of Sustainable Use for Valuable Chinese Medicine Resources(2060302)the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(2022-I2M-1-018 and 2021-1-I2M-031).
文摘Polysaccharide-based Pickering emulsions(PEs)have attracted increasing attention as next-generation colloidal systems owing to their excellent biocompatibility,environmental responsiveness,and structural tunability.This mini review systematically summarizes recent advances in the design,stabilization mechanisms,and biomedical applications of polysaccharide particle-stabilized PEs.Emphasis is placed on how particle properties—such as size,morphology,and surface chemistry—govern interfacial adsorption,emulsion stability,and functional performance.Strategies for structural design are discussed in detail,including physical modulation(e.g.,milling,drying),chemical modification(e.g.,hydrophobic group grafting,pH-responsiveness),and advanced assembly approaches such as self-assembly and hybrid co-assembly with proteins,lipids,and inorganic nanoparticles(NPs).These design principles not only improve interfacial stabilization but also enable integration of biofunctionalities,including mucoadhesion,antioxidation,and targeted delivery.The mini review further highlights the diverse biomedical applications of polysaccharide PEs,particularly in controlled drug release,oral delivery,and stimuli-responsive therapeutic systems.Recent advances in responsive emulsions capable of reacting to pH,enzymes,temperature,magnetic fields,and metabolic triggers are discussed,showcasing their promise in precision medicine.Despite their potential,key challenges remain,including batch-to-batch variability,unclear metabolic fate of modified polysaccharides,and the lack of regulatory consensus for clinical translation.Looking forward,the integration of green synthesis,high-throughput design,and computational modeling is expected to accelerate the development of multifunctional,intelligent PEs.With interdisciplinary collaboration,polysaccharide-based PEs are poised to evolve from interfacial stabilizers into versatile platforms for biomedical,food,and personal care applications.
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51922020,52273064 and 52221006)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(BHYC1707B)is gratefully acknowledged.
文摘Flexible and conformable nanomaterial-based functional hydrogels find promising applications in various fields.However,the controllable manipulation of functional electron/mass transport networks in hydrogels remains rather challenging to realize.We describe a general and versatile surfactant-free emulsion construction strategy to customize robust functional hydrogels with programmable hierarchical structures.Significantly,the amphipathy of silk fibroin(SF)and the reinforcement effect of MXene nanosheets produce sable Pickering emulsion without any surfactant.The followed microphase separation and self-cross-linking of the SF chains induced by the solvent exchange convert the composite emulsions into high-performance hydrogels with tunable microstructures and functionalities.As a proof-of-concept,the controllable regulation of the ordered conductive network and the water polarization effect confer the hydrogels with an intriguing electromagnetic interference shielding efficiency(~64 dB).Also,the microstructures of functional hydrogels are modulated to promote mass/heat transfer properties.The amino acids of SF and the surface terminations of MXene help reduce the enthalpy of water evaporation and the hierarchical structures of the hydrogels accelerate evaporation process,expecting far superior evaporation performance(~3.5 kg m^(-2)h^(-1))and salt tolerance capability compared to other hydrogel evaporators.Our findings open a wealth of opportunities for producing functional hydrogel devices with integrated structure-dependent properties.
基金financially supported by the High-level talent research start-up project of Chongqing Technology and Business University(No.2356007)the Science and Technology Research Program of Chongqing Municipal Education Commission(No.KJQN202400809)Special Project for Performance Incentive and Guidance of Research Institutions in Chongqing(No.CSTB2023JXJL-YFX0030)。
文摘Herein,a recrystallization approach was used to produce anhydrous sodium sulfate(ASS)microparticles,which are highly efficient and reusable for separating surfactant-stabilized water from water-in-oil emulsions.The ASS microparticles exhibit distinct morphologies and crystal structures.Remarkably,0.1 g of ASS170 enables the separation of 10 m L of emulsion(water content:0.1 g)with a high separation efficiency of 98.63%.A stepwise separation mechanism,including demulsification and water immobilization in the crystal lattice of ASS,is proposed.The superhydrophilicity of ASS particles enables tiny water droplets to aggregate and merge into larger droplets on their surfaces.This process facilitates the phase transition from ASS to sodium sulfate decahydrate(SSD),during which water molecules are immobilized in the expanded crystal lattice of ASS.SSD particles can be collected to regenerate ASS,retaining the high performance of the original ASS.This unique renewable feature reduces the cost of utilizing ASS and simultaneously prevents secondary pollution.Further economic evaluation reveals that it only costs 66.51USD/m3to purify emulsion with a water content of 10 g/L,significantly lower than previously reported materials.Coupled with a facile and environmentally friendly preparation strategy,this method shows great application potential for water-in-oil emulsion separation and oil purification.
文摘Stable HCl-crude oil emulsion and its subsequent sludge formation,with detrimental impacts on oil production,may stem from acid stimulation.One major ambiguity in this process is to discern the most influential component of crude oil on the stability of formed emulsions.This fundamental question has not adequately been addressed in previous studies.In this work,the impact of de-asphalted part of crude oil(maltene)has been investigated on the acid-induced emulsion and sludge separately.Accordingly,the emulsion phase separation and the amount of formed sludge have been compared for four crude oils and their maltene samples for different concentrations of ferric ion and acidic pH values.The results of phase separation,as a criterion for emulsion stability,showed that crude oil samples formed 6 to 25 percent more stable emulsions than maltene samples,when using blank HCl.The emulsions of maltene and spent acid(pH=2)broke completely during the first 15 min after emulsification.In addition,the maltene components usually had less contribution to sludge formation in the presence of blank HCl.It was concluded that asphaltene is the key component during interaction with HCl.However,the maltene of one crude sample formed higher acid sludge in comparison to its crude oil.For acid solutions containing 3000 ppm of ferric ion,the emulsion stability increased for all crude oil and maltene samples.Moreover,the stability of some maltene emulsions increased to 48%and 100%in the presence of 3000 ppm of ferric ions.The presence of ferric ions caused forming very stable emulsions,while most of the sludge formation took place at higher pH values.Finally,it was also attained that emulsion and sludge formations could happen simultaneously.
基金financially supported by the joint lab of Shanghai Huayi 3F New Materials Co.,Ltd.Donghua University。
文摘Copolymers of fluoroethylene and vinyl ethers(FEVE)are soluble and curable at relatively low temperature,and are used as high-performance coatings and paints.Currently,most market-available FEVE products obtained through solution polymerization contain a large fraction of organic solvent,and hence,volatile organic compound(VOC)emissions cause environmental issues.In this study,the emulsion copolymerization of chlorotrifluoroethylene(CTFE)and vinyl ethers using an environmentally friendly emulsification system to produce waterborne FEVE was investigated.In addition to mixed nonionic and ionic surfactants,macromolecular monomer with double bond and polyoxyethylene segments were used in the emulsification system.The effect of adding macromolecular monomer and polyoxyethylene segment length of the nonionic surfactant on emulsion copolymerization were analyzed.An optimized emulsifier system for FEVE is proposed,and the prepared FEVE latexes exhibit excellent storage stability and film formation ability.
基金supported by the Hubei Province Nature Science Foundation of China(Grant No.:2023AFB1077)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.:82003308)+2 种基金the Doctoral Start-up Fund Project of Hubei University of Science and Technology,China(Grant No.:BK202118)the Innovation team and Medical research program of Hubei University of Science and Technology,China(Grant Nos.:2023T10 and 2022YKY05)the Hubei Province Key R&D Plan Big Health Local Special Project,China(Grant No.:2022BCE042).
文摘Transcatheter arterial embolization(TAE)is the mainstay for treating advanced hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC),and the performance of the embolization material is crucial in TAE.With the development of medical imaging and the birth of“X-ray-free”technologies,we designed a new dual-mode imaging material of dimethoxy tetraphenyl ethylene(DMTPE)via emulsification by mixing poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-acrylic acid)(PNA)with lipiodol and fluorocarbons,which was evaluated for temperature sensitivity,stability,and dual-mode visualization in vitro.Additionally,blood vessel casting embolization and renal artery imaging were assessed in healthy rabbits.In a rabbit model with a VX2 tumor,the effectiveness of TAE for treating HCC was examined,with an emphasis on evaluating long-term outcomes of embolization and its effects on tumor growth,necrosis,and proliferation through imaging techniques.In vitro experiments confirmed that the temperature-sensitive dual-oil-phase Pickering emulsion had good flow,stable contrast,and embolism when the oil-to-oil ratio and water-to-oil ratio were both 7:3(v/v)and stabilized with 8%PNA.Similarly,in vivo,arterial embolization confirmed the excellent properties of DMTPE prepared at the abovementioned ratios.It was observed that DMTPE not only has an antitumor effect but can also achieve dual imaging using X-rays and ultrasound,making it a promising excellent vascular embolization material for TAE in tumor treatment.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(ZR2021ME007)the National Natural Science Foundation in China(51574267)the Key Projects of China National Key Research and Development Plan(2019YFA0708703)。
文摘During oil displacement,surfactants often encounter challenges such as emulsion instability and channeling,which can compromise their efficiency.To address these issues,polymer microspheres were synthesized via reverse microemulsion polymerization using acrylamide,2-methyl-2-acrylamidopropane sulfonic acid,and stearyl methacrylate as monomers,with N,N-methylenebisacrylamide as the crosslinker.The microspheres were then combined with sodium alkyl alcohol polyoxyethylene ether carboxylate to enhance emulsion stability and expand the swept volume of surfactant.A stable reverse microemulsion system was prepared using the maximum water solubilization rate as the indicator,and microspheres were synthesized based on this system.The ability of the microspheres to enhance emulsion stability was systematically evaluated.The plugging performance and enhanced oil recovery(EOR)efficiency of the microsphere/surfactant composite system were assessed through core seepage and oil displacement experiments.The experimental results demonstrated that microspheres were successfully prepared in a water-in-oil reverse microemulsion system with a solubilization rate of 42%.The emulsion stability was evaluated under an oil-to-water ratio of 7:3,a temperature of 80℃,and a salinity of 44,592 mg/L,by manually shaking the test tube five times.It was observed that the complete phase separation time of the emulsion increased from 10 to 120 min after the addition of microspheres.Under different permeability conditions(100×10^(-3),300×10^(-3),500×10^(-3)μm^(2)),the recovery efficiency of the composite system increased by 4.5%,8.3%,and 4.8%,respectively,compared to a single surfactant system.The microspheres developed in this study enhanced emulsion stability and increased the swept volume of surfactant within the formation,significantly boosting its oil recovery efficiency.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,grant number:12161058Heping Wang is the recipient of this funding.This research was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,grant number:12361096+1 种基金Heping Wang is the recipient of this funding.This research was also funded by the Science and Technology Plan Project of Qinghai Province-Applied Basic Research Plan,grant number:2023-ZJ-736Yanggui Li is the recipient of this funding.
文摘With oily wastewater treatment emerging as a critical global issue,porous media and shear forces have received significant attention as environmentally friendly methods for oil–water separation.This study systematically simulates the dynamics of oil-in-water emulsion demulsification under porous media and shear forces using a color-gradient Lattice Boltzmann model.The morphological evolution and demulsification efficiency of emulsions are governed by porous media and shear forces.The effects of porosity and shear velocity on demulsification are quantitatively analyzed.(1)The presence of porous media enhances the ability of the flow field to trap oil droplets,with lower porosity corresponding to improved demulsification performance.Moreover,a more orderly arrangement of porous media promotes oil droplet coalescence.(2)Higher shear velocity in the flow field facilitates the aggregation of oil droplets.However,oscillatory shear conditions reduce the demulsification efficiency of emulsions.(3)Among the combined effects of shear velocity and porosity,porosity emerges as the dominant factor influencing emulsion demulsification.(4)Higher initial oil concentrations enhance demulsification efficiency.These simulation results provide valuable insights for further research on emulsion demulsification.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42402319,51704266)the Anhui Provincial Natural Science Foundation(No.2308085QE151)+3 种基金the Natural Science Research Project of Anhui Educational Committee(No.2023AH051222)Young Talent Nurturing Program of Anhui Association For Science and Technology(No.RCTJ202403)the Open Foundation of the Innovation Base of Fine Mine Prospecting and Intelligent Monitoring Technology(No.2023-MPIM-01)partly supported by the Open Fund of Engineering Research Center of Rock-Soil Drilling&Excavation and Protection(No.202407).
文摘The stability of oil-dominated emulsions,including oil-based drilling fluids and crude oils,is crucial for mitigating gas hydrate risks in the petroleum and natural gas industries.Nanoparticles can stabilize oilwater systems(Pickering emulsions)by residing at the oil-water interface.However,their effects on the kinetics of hydrate formation in these systems remain unclear.To address this,we experimentally investigated how hydrophilic and hydrophobic nano-CaCO_(3) influence CH4 hydrate formation within dynamic oil-water systems.A series of hydrate formation experiments were conducted with varying water cuts and different concentrations of nano-CaCO_(3) at a particle size of 20 nm,under 3℃ and 6 MPa.The induction time,hydrate formation volume,and hydrate growth rate were measured and calculated.The results indicate that hydrophilic nano-CaCO_(3) generally inhibits hydrate formation,particularly at high water cuts,while hydrophobic nano-CaCO_(3) can significantly inhibit or even prevent hydrate formation at low water cuts.Water cut strongly influences the kinetics of hydrate formation,and nanoparticle concentration also impacts the results,likely due to changes in oil-water interface stability caused by nanoparticle distribution.This study will offer valuable insights for designing deepwater oilbased drilling fluids using nanoparticles and ensuring safe multiphase flow in deepwater oil and gas operations.
文摘Rationale:Recurrent pregnancy loss and recurrent implantation failure are frequently linked to immune dysregulation,particularly heightened natural killer(NK)cell activity,cytokine imbalance,and autoantibody presence.Lipid emulsion therapy,originally designed for parenteral nutrition,is increasingly recognized for its immunomodulatory potential in reproductive medicine.Patient concerns:A 34-year-old woman with five years of infertility,four first-trimester miscarriages,and three failed in vitro fertilization(IVF)cycles despite transfer of morphologically optimal embryos presented for evaluation.Diagnosis:Routine genetic,endocrine,metabolic,thrombophilia,and anatomical investigations were unremarkable.Immunological testing revealed elevated antiphospholipid and anti-thyroid peroxidase(anti-TPO)antibodies,increased NK cell activity,an imbalanced Th1/Th2 cytokine ratio,and raised tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α),suggesting immune-mediated reproductive dysfunction.Interventions:The patient underwent IVF with transfer of a single euploid blastocyst following intravenous lipid emulsion therapy(20%,100 mL),administered before transfer,on transfer day,and biweekly until 12 weeks.Associated therapies included aspirin,enoxaparin,progesterone,levothyroxine,and supplementation.Outcomes:Serum beta-human chorionic gonadotropin(β-hCG)and ultrasound confirmed pregnancy with subsequent NK cell normalization.The pregnancy was uncomplicated,resulting in spontaneous vaginal delivery of a healthy male infant.Lessons:Lipid emulsion therapy may improve implantation and pregnancy outcomes in immune-mediated recurrent pregnancy loss and recurrent implantation failure,but larger trials are required to validate efficacy and optimize protocols.
