Developing methods for efficient product/catalyst separation and catalyst recycling is meaningful in multi-phase catalytic reactions. Here, we reported a p H-responsive emulsion system stabilized by interfacially acti...Developing methods for efficient product/catalyst separation and catalyst recycling is meaningful in multi-phase catalytic reactions. Here, we reported a p H-responsive emulsion system stabilized by interfacially active TiO2 nanoparticles for achieving in situ product/catalyst separation and catalyst recycling. In this system, emulsification and demulsification process could be easily engineered through tuning the p H values. The emulsion droplets were destroyed completely at a p H value of 3–4, and the solid catalyst distributed in the aqueous phase could be used to the next reaction cycle after removal of the organic product and adjusting the p H to 7–8. Such a p H triggered switchable Pickering emulsion catalytic system not only shows good recyclability of the solid catalyst but also high catalytic efficiency,and could be recycled more than 10 cycles.展开更多
Pickering emulsions stabilized by solid particles have gained much attention,which afford high stability,low toxicity,controllable rheological properties and stimuli-responsive behavior compared to the traditional emu...Pickering emulsions stabilized by solid particles have gained much attention,which afford high stability,low toxicity,controllable rheological properties and stimuli-responsive behavior compared to the traditional emulsions emulsified by surfactants.Those particles,as the core parts of the emulsion systems,play an important role in the fabrication and application of Pickering emulsion systems,making them attractive in petroleum fields.In this review,the influence of various particles on the stability and properties of Pickering emulsion systems as well as recent researches associated with the stimuliresponsibility of Pickering emulsion systems are introduced.Specifically,the design of functional particles and Pickering emulsion systems with super stabilities and controllable rheological properties are listed.Furthermore,some petroleum application of Pickering emulsion systems for enhanced oil recovery and spilled oil collection as well as the application as soft templates to fabricate oil-absorbing material and as three-phase microreactors that most likely for petroleum application are discussed,and the issues hindering the actual application of Pickering emulsion systems are also evaluated.This review charts a way for Pickering emulsion studies that could lead to a valid petroleum application through design of the particles served as the enhancers of Pickering emulsion stability for purpose of tailoring chemical flooding.展开更多
Aiming at deep desulfurization of gasoline,three amphiphilic catalysts [C18H37N(CH3)3]3+x [PMo12-xVxO40](x=1,2,or 3) were prepared and characterized.The amphiphilic vanadium(V)-substituted polyoxometalates were dissol...Aiming at deep desulfurization of gasoline,three amphiphilic catalysts [C18H37N(CH3)3]3+x [PMo12-xVxO40](x=1,2,or 3) were prepared and characterized.The amphiphilic vanadium(V)-substituted polyoxometalates were dissolved in water-immiscible ionic liquid([Bmim]PF6),forming a H2O2-in-[Bmim]PF6 emulsion desulfurization system with 30 m% H2O2 serving as the oxidant.The catalytic oxidation of sulfur-containing model oil has been studied in detail under various reaction conditions using this system.The ionic liquid emulsion system showed high catalytic oxidative activity in the treatment of commodity gasoline.Furthermore,the mechanism of catalytic oxidative desulfurization was also elaborated.展开更多
The smart emulsification and demulsification system with the light response is a useful tool in various industries,including green chemistry,catalytic reaction,pharmaceuticals,and environmental remediation.Herein,an i...The smart emulsification and demulsification system with the light response is a useful tool in various industries,including green chemistry,catalytic reaction,pharmaceuticals,and environmental remediation.Herein,an ionic liquid crystal compound with a light triggered switch based on the azobenzene group[(4-{3-methyl-1-[3-(8-octyloxyoctyl)oxy-4-oxobutanoyl]imidazo-lium-1-yl}octyl)oxy]-N-(4-methylphenyl)benzene-1,2-diazene bromide(MOIAzo),was designed and synthesized,which could cause reversible transition between emulsification and demulsification through the light trigger.The ionic liquid has an efficient photoinduced liquefaction process,which dramatically lowers the melting point of ionic liquids from 79 to 9.2 oC.This significantly broadens the liquid state temperature of the ionic liquid crystal.The ionic liquid crystal MOIAzo exhibits both photoinduced and thermally induced nematic liquid crystal properties.The smart emulsion system was effectively employed in an eco-friendly water-saving dyeing process of cationic dyes for cationic dyeable polyester(CDP)fabrics,which used only half the amount of water compared with the conventional water bath dyeing method.After dyeing,the oil and water phases can be efficiently separated through the light irradiation,and the oil phase can be reused for the subsequent dyeing process.This novel smart emulsion dyeing method greatly reduces the water consumption and wastewater discharge.MOIAzo as a lighttriggered ionic liquid molecule opens up new dimensions in green chemistry.展开更多
Spherical （Y, Gd）BO3：Eu^3＋ phosphor particles with a narrow size distribution（2 -4 μm） was obtained by firing the Y-Gd-Eu-BO3 precursor prepared in a W/O style emulsion system. In the W/O emulsion system, keros...Spherical （Y, Gd）BO3：Eu^3＋ phosphor particles with a narrow size distribution（2 -4 μm） was obtained by firing the Y-Gd-Eu-BO3 precursor prepared in a W/O style emulsion system. In the W/O emulsion system, kerosene, used as oil phase, was mixed with Span 80 and Tween 80 compounds which were employed as the emulsifier with an HLB （hydrophile-lipophile balance） value of 5.2- 5.3. Both rare earths （Y, Gd and Eu） nitrate and boric acid solution or ammonia solution were used as aqueous phase. The synthesis conditions, such as emulsion composition, emulsifying style, precipitation reaction process, reaction temperature, morphology control, and so on, were investigated, and the optimum synthesis conditions for preparing spherical （Y, Gd）BO3：Eu^3＋ phosphor was obtained. The phosphor was characterized by XRD, SEM, laser particle size analysis, emission and excitation spectrum under vacuum ultraviolet （VUV）, and so on. The phosphor synthesized using the water-in-oil emulsion method with median diameter （D50） of 2 - 4 μm shows agreeable photoluminescence （PL） property and sphericity. The main emission peak appears at about 593 nm, which corresponds to ^5D0→^7F1 transition （magnetic-dipole transition） of the Eu^3＋ ion. The cell parameters and powder diffraction data were indexed. The structure of the phosphor belongs to the hexagonal system with space group P63/m.展开更多
This paper introduces working principle and technical features of vacuum filter in emulsion system for tandem cold strip mill.Based on specific cases,this paper analyses and assesses the effect before and after using ...This paper introduces working principle and technical features of vacuum filter in emulsion system for tandem cold strip mill.Based on specific cases,this paper analyses and assesses the effect before and after using the emulsion system with the usage of the vacuum filter for strip mill.Compare with the effect when using the first generation vacuum filter,the emulsion quality is improved significantly by using the second generation vacuum filter,which at the same time ensures steady operation of the rolling mill and surface quality of the mill products. As a result,investment and running costs are lowered,emissions of the waste emulsion are reduced,waste water treatment costs are reduced and so as the environmental pollution.It can be seen the second generation vacuum filter has obvious economic and environmental benefits.Therefor,it suggests that the filter should be used widely in the field of automotive,environmental protection rolling steel and nonferrous metals.展开更多
<strong>Background:</strong> This work evaluated the capacity of a dry emulsion as a carrier of viable microorganisms with potential use as prophylaxis of infectious diseases. <strong>Methods:</st...<strong>Background:</strong> This work evaluated the capacity of a dry emulsion as a carrier of viable microorganisms with potential use as prophylaxis of infectious diseases. <strong>Methods:</strong> The aqueous phase containing <em>P. multocida </em>not viable in PBS was emulsified in mineral oil to obtain a w/o emulsion. The microorganisms remained stable and only in two cases (n = 6) did the bacterial concentration decrease. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) revealed a structure of a system with the organized association of particles with cubic symmetry. Using two <em>ex vivo </em>bioadhesion systems, it was demonstrated that the disperse-adsorbed system is capable of adhering to the intestinal mucosa and remains adhered for long periods of time. <strong>Results: </strong>The no viability of the bacteria in the dry emulsion and the possibility of controlled release were confirmed. <em>In vivo </em>trial was conducted in pigs. It was possible to locate the emulsion and the bacteria attached to the gut of the living animal. An ELISA kit was used to monitor the mean antibody titer of treated pigs over a 2-week period, and a classic primary response curve occurred when the titer was plotted against time. <strong>Conclusion: </strong>We propose the disperse-adsorbed system as an alternative to commonly used vehicles for immunogens in the oral vaccines.展开更多
[Objective]Preservation and waterproof treatment are two crucial parts in wood protection, which can not only extend the service time, but also expand the application range of wood products. [Method] This work combine...[Objective]Preservation and waterproof treatment are two crucial parts in wood protection, which can not only extend the service time, but also expand the application range of wood products. [Method] This work combined CA with paraffin wax emulsion to treat wood samples, and basic properties of the compound system, such as stability （storage stability and centrifugal stability）, particle size and pH val-ue, and water repel ency （water absorption, shrinkage and swel ing） of treated sam-ples were investigated. [Result and Conclusion] 1） the compound systems of CA and paraffin latex had a favorable miscibility and stability; 2） compared with untreated wood, CA-treated samples showed poor water repel ing properties, whereas samples treated with the compound systems indicated an obvious reduction in water absorp-tion, and the shrinkage and swel ing of them were improved as wel .展开更多
A new reactor with integrated conventional slurry stirred reactor and ceramic external membrane emulsification system, was introduced in this paper. Toluene and toluene containing surfactant was separately used as dis...A new reactor with integrated conventional slurry stirred reactor and ceramic external membrane emulsification system, was introduced in this paper. Toluene and toluene containing surfactant was separately used as dispersed phase for preparation of emulsions. Two kinds of emulsions were prepared and compared. The volume average sizes of prepared emulsions were 3.53μm and 3.6μm respectively. The results showed that the droplet sizes of two kinds of emulsions were similar, but the monodispersed emulsion was only obtained with addition of surfactant into the dispersed phase.展开更多
Orthohexagonal slices assembled by ZnSe quantum dots were synthesized through emulsion liquid membrane system. These orthohexagonal slices were 1.5-3.5 μm in side length and were self-assembled by ZnSe quantum dots o...Orthohexagonal slices assembled by ZnSe quantum dots were synthesized through emulsion liquid membrane system. These orthohexagonal slices were 1.5-3.5 μm in side length and were self-assembled by ZnSe quantum dots of 2-3 nm. It was proposed the surfactant molecules on ZnSe quantum dots played a key role in the self-assembly process.展开更多
A series of π-A isotherms are drawn to study the film properties of the components with Langmuir-Blodgett technique. The effects of the aromaticity of spread solvents and pH value on the air/water film formed by the...A series of π-A isotherms are drawn to study the film properties of the components with Langmuir-Blodgett technique. The effects of the aromaticity of spread solvents and pH value on the air/water film formed by the components are investigated. Acid fraction and asphaltene can form stable two-dimensional insoluble films on an air/water surface. The surface film pressure of acid fraction and asphaltene is higher and more stable than that of the other fractions. The surface film pressure of the fraction increases evidently under the basic condition (pH=12). The results show that the interfacial activity of acid fraction and asphaltene is superior to that of the other fractions and the basic condition is favorable to the stability of the O/W emulsion.展开更多
In this paper, effects of pH on the interfacial properties of heavy crude functional fractions and water system are investigated. The influence of pH on π-A isotherms of acid fraction, basic fraction, amphoteric frac...In this paper, effects of pH on the interfacial properties of heavy crude functional fractions and water system are investigated. The influence of pH on π-A isotherms of acid fraction, basic fraction, amphoteric fraction and asphaltene is great. The interfacial pressure of fractions increases in strongly basic conditions. The ζ (-80mv) of acid fraction is the largest under basic conditions (pH=11-12), with the result to show that the interfacial activity of the acid fraction is superior to that of other fractions. The results of model emulsions show that strongly basic conolition (pH≥11) is beneficial to oil-in- water emulsion stability. The interfacial activity of acid fraction and asphaltene is superior to that of other crude fractions.展开更多
Pickering emulsions are systems without surfactants, stabilized by solid particles. These emulsions are experiencing a renewed interest, on the one hand, because it is preferable to limit the use of synthetic surfacta...Pickering emulsions are systems without surfactants, stabilized by solid particles. These emulsions are experiencing a renewed interest, on the one hand, because it is preferable to limit the use of synthetic surfactants for toxicological and environmental reasons and, on the other hand, the need to make new formulations in order to control the drug release patterns by encapsulation or controlled release. Thus, we were interested in the formulation and evaluation of W/O Pickering emulsions stabilized by particles of magnesium oxide with paracetamol in the internal phase and griseofulvin in the external phase. The Bancroft rule served as a model for the formulation. The emulsification was carried out by progressively adding an aqueous phase dispersed in an oil-dispersing phase using a turbo rotor stator mixer. The stability of these emulsions was studied using several parameters (droplet size, pH, viscosity, conductivity ...) and the qualitative and quantitative analysis of the active ingredients by UV-visible spectrophotometry. The results obtained showed that the dye test and the conductivity measurement confirmed the W/O nature of these emulsions. Some parameters such as droplet size, pH and viscosity were strongly influenced by the amounts of magnesium oxide particles and the two active ingredients used. The qualitative and quantitative analysis of the active ingredients confirmed the presence of griseofulvin in the oil phase and paracetamol in the aqueous phase. Thus, we have succeeded in developing a stable W/O Pickering emulsion with magnesium oxide particles. In addition, we were able to incorporate paracetamol into the dispersed phase and griseofulvin into the dispersing phase of the emulsion.展开更多
The investigation of recovery Ga 3+ by emulsion liquid membrane (ELM) using Tri alkyl oxide phosphine (TRPO) as the mobile carrier was reported. The optimum emulsion liquid membrane conditions were determinated....The investigation of recovery Ga 3+ by emulsion liquid membrane (ELM) using Tri alkyl oxide phosphine (TRPO) as the mobile carrier was reported. The optimum emulsion liquid membrane conditions were determinated. They were: the feed pH 1.0, organic phase consisting of 5% TRPO, 4% LMS 2 and 2% liquid paraffin in kerosene solution, 10% K 4[Fe(CN) 6] aq. solution as the stripping agent, R oi =2∶1, R ew =1∶5. At the optimum ELM operating condition, the recovery rate of gallium was 96.5%, and the oil phase can be reused for 5 times.展开更多
(-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate(EGCG)is frequently used as a good antioxidant in food systems.In contrast,its antioxidant capacity was limited in the oil-in-water emulsion system due to its high hydrophilicity.Therefor...(-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate(EGCG)is frequently used as a good antioxidant in food systems.In contrast,its antioxidant capacity was limited in the oil-in-water emulsion system due to its high hydrophilicity.Therefore,food-derived proteins with higher hydrophobicity were utilized to bind with EGCG and form new molecules that could stay in the oil-water interface to improve the stability of such emulsions.This study combined watersoluble protein(OWPs)extracted from oysters with EGCG to form the OWPs-EGCG complex.When combined with EGCG,the molecular weight and particle diameter(nearly 180-240 nm)of OWPs slightly increased in a dose-dependent manner by increasing the proportion of EGCG.Moreover,several conformational changes to OWPs by EGCG addition were found,such as the alteration of secondary structures,the fluorescence quenching,and the involvement of binding groups.The OWPs-EGCG complex(1:0.025)exhibited the highest emulsifying activities,while the ratio of 1:0.2 had the highest foaming stability.Furthermore,the OWPs-EGCG complex showed nearly 90%free radical scavenging activities with an increasing ratio of EGCG.In the established temporary storage model of OWPs-EGCG conjugate/linolic acid emulsion system,the OWPs-EGCG complex exhibited enhanced antioxidant effects against the oxidation of OWPs and linolic acid.This study provided a theoretical basis for the potential applications of food-derived proteins/EGCG conjugates on antioxidant effects against lipid oxidation in the emulsifying system.展开更多
The dynamic process of purifying emulsion using electromagnetic technique has been analyzed and studied by dynamics principle. Based on the results, the purification equipment has been developed and installed in a col...The dynamic process of purifying emulsion using electromagnetic technique has been analyzed and studied by dynamics principle. Based on the results, the purification equipment has been developed and installed in a cold rolling mill. The basic structure characteristics of the purification equipment were described in detail. Emulsion purified by this way can be recycled and used again with cost reduction.展开更多
The rational design of emulsions requires study of the main factors that influence their formation, physicochemical properties and, consequently, stability and performance. The use of vegetable oils in the pharmaceuti...The rational design of emulsions requires study of the main factors that influence their formation, physicochemical properties and, consequently, stability and performance. The use of vegetable oils in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries has recently become attractive. Dipteryx alata Vogel(D. alata) is an oleaginous species native to Brazil. The seeds of this species contain highly unsaturated oil with significant amounts of tocopherols and phytosterols, representing an important source of agents capable of combatting oxidative processes. In this work, a lamellar gel phase emulsion using oil extracted from the seeds of D. alata(baru) was developed. The steps involved in the development of this research were as follows: 1) development of formulations and 2) in vitro assays by simulating the evaporation of the final product after application to the skin and Electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy(EPR) of fatty acid spin labels was used to investigate the profile of interaction of the dispersed systems with stratum corneum(SC) lipids. The results indicate that the developed system shows no signs of instability during the storage period. Moreover, EPR studies indicated that D. alata oil and especially the developed formulation were able to increase SC lipid fluidity and extract a fatty-acid spin label from the lipid domain structures of SC, demonstrating its potential to act as a drug or skin care vehicle.展开更多
With the benefit fierce competition in the steel industry market in recent years,double cold reduction products have been developed towards strength improvement and thickness reduction.The traditional cold-rolling lub...With the benefit fierce competition in the steel industry market in recent years,double cold reduction products have been developed towards strength improvement and thickness reduction.The traditional cold-rolling lubrication process with a fixed flow rate and concentration cannot solve the problems,which are uncontrollable plate shape and the excessive consumption of lubricating oil.Moreover,based on the analysis of the traditional direct aplication lubrication system of double cold reduction mill,a set of design scheme suitable for the emulsion pipeline direct mixing lubrication system of double cold reduction mill unit was proposed.The design completed the selection of key components,which included the static mixer and atomization nozzle selection,pump and oil pump design selection,pipeline design selection,flow type selection,pressure gauge selection,electronic control cabinet design selection and other eight aspects.Equipment of the emulsion pipeline direct mixing lubrication system of double cold reduction has been developed.Comparing with characteristics of the traditional direct aplication lubrication system,the emulsion pipeline direct mixing lubrication system was better applied to the production practice of a 1220 double cold reduction mill.The consumption of ton of steel was reduced by 9.6%.The rolling energy consumption and fuel consumption comprehensive costs decreased by 10.7%,and the strip steel section thickness difference was reduced by 19.3%.In addition,the plate shape quality defect rate decreased by 25.6%,otherwise creating a large economic benefit for the unit and promoting the application value.展开更多
The chloride penetration resistance of cement-based grout materials was improved by nano-silica emulsion.Specimens of mixtures containing different nano-silica particles or emulsions were exposed in sodium chloride so...The chloride penetration resistance of cement-based grout materials was improved by nano-silica emulsion.Specimens of mixtures containing different nano-silica particles or emulsions were exposed in sodium chloride solutions of specific concentrations with different test ages.Hardened properties of the mixes were assessed in terms of weight loss and compressive strength.X-ray diffraction(XRD)and scanning electron microscopy(SEM)of mixes were performed to analysis the phase evolution and microstructure.The results demonstrated that the introduction of nano-SiO_(2) emulsion significantly decreased the compressive strength loss and calcium hydroxide(CH)crystal content of hydration production,and then enhanced the resistance of cement-based grouting materials to chloride ion penetration.This improvement derives from the filling and pozzolanic effects of nano-SiO_(2) particles,which were incorporated via an emulsion and attributed to a well dispersion in grouting matrix.展开更多
Naturally degradable capsule provides a platform for sustained fragrance release.However,practical challenges such as low encapsulation efficiency and difficulty in sustained release are still limited in using fragran...Naturally degradable capsule provides a platform for sustained fragrance release.However,practical challenges such as low encapsulation efficiency and difficulty in sustained release are still limited in using fragranceloaded capsules.In this work,the natural materials sodium alginate and gelatine are dissolved and act as the aqueous phase,lavender is dissolved in caprylic/capric triglyceride(GTCC)as the oil phase,and SiO_(2) nanoparticles with neutralwettability as a solid emulsifier to form O/W Pickering emulsions simultaneously.Finally,multi-core capsules are prepared using the drop injection method with emulsions as templates.The results show that the capsules have been successfully prepared with a spherical morphology and multi-core structure,and the encapsulation rate of multi-core capsules can reach up to 99.6%.In addition,the multi-core capsules possess desirable sustained release performance,the cumulative sustained release rate of fragrance at 25℃over 49 days is only 32.5%.It is attributed to the significant protection of multi-core structure,Pickering emulsion nanoparticle membranes,and hydrogel network shell for encapsulated fragrance.This study is designed to deliver a new strategy for using sustained-release technology with fragrance in food,cosmetics,textiles,and other fields.展开更多
基金the Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 21733009, 21573136, and U1510105)the Key Scientist and Technology Program of Shanxi Province (No. 20150313003-1)Shanxi Scholarship Council of China (No. 2015-003)
文摘Developing methods for efficient product/catalyst separation and catalyst recycling is meaningful in multi-phase catalytic reactions. Here, we reported a p H-responsive emulsion system stabilized by interfacially active TiO2 nanoparticles for achieving in situ product/catalyst separation and catalyst recycling. In this system, emulsification and demulsification process could be easily engineered through tuning the p H values. The emulsion droplets were destroyed completely at a p H value of 3–4, and the solid catalyst distributed in the aqueous phase could be used to the next reaction cycle after removal of the organic product and adjusting the p H to 7–8. Such a p H triggered switchable Pickering emulsion catalytic system not only shows good recyclability of the solid catalyst but also high catalytic efficiency,and could be recycled more than 10 cycles.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21822807,21706099,21576120 and U1607125)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(No.BK20170323 and BK20170523)+1 种基金Key Research and Development Program of Changzhou City(CE20195014)Graduate Research Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province(No.SJKY19_2576)。
文摘Pickering emulsions stabilized by solid particles have gained much attention,which afford high stability,low toxicity,controllable rheological properties and stimuli-responsive behavior compared to the traditional emulsions emulsified by surfactants.Those particles,as the core parts of the emulsion systems,play an important role in the fabrication and application of Pickering emulsion systems,making them attractive in petroleum fields.In this review,the influence of various particles on the stability and properties of Pickering emulsion systems as well as recent researches associated with the stimuliresponsibility of Pickering emulsion systems are introduced.Specifically,the design of functional particles and Pickering emulsion systems with super stabilities and controllable rheological properties are listed.Furthermore,some petroleum application of Pickering emulsion systems for enhanced oil recovery and spilled oil collection as well as the application as soft templates to fabricate oil-absorbing material and as three-phase microreactors that most likely for petroleum application are discussed,and the issues hindering the actual application of Pickering emulsion systems are also evaluated.This review charts a way for Pickering emulsion studies that could lead to a valid petroleum application through design of the particles served as the enhancers of Pickering emulsion stability for purpose of tailoring chemical flooding.
基金the National Nature Science Foundation of China(No.51077013,50873026)Production and Research Prospective Joint Project of Jiangsu Province of China(BY2009153)+2 种基金the Key Program for the Scientific Research Guiding Fund of Basic Scientific Research Operation Expenditure,Southeast University(3207040103)333 High-level Talent Training Project,Jiangsu Province of China (BRA2010033)Student Research Training Program of Southeast University(No.091028644) for financial support
文摘Aiming at deep desulfurization of gasoline,three amphiphilic catalysts [C18H37N(CH3)3]3+x [PMo12-xVxO40](x=1,2,or 3) were prepared and characterized.The amphiphilic vanadium(V)-substituted polyoxometalates were dissolved in water-immiscible ionic liquid([Bmim]PF6),forming a H2O2-in-[Bmim]PF6 emulsion desulfurization system with 30 m% H2O2 serving as the oxidant.The catalytic oxidation of sulfur-containing model oil has been studied in detail under various reaction conditions using this system.The ionic liquid emulsion system showed high catalytic oxidative activity in the treatment of commodity gasoline.Furthermore,the mechanism of catalytic oxidative desulfurization was also elaborated.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.22278069,21978046)Textile Vision Basic Research Program(J202005).
文摘The smart emulsification and demulsification system with the light response is a useful tool in various industries,including green chemistry,catalytic reaction,pharmaceuticals,and environmental remediation.Herein,an ionic liquid crystal compound with a light triggered switch based on the azobenzene group[(4-{3-methyl-1-[3-(8-octyloxyoctyl)oxy-4-oxobutanoyl]imidazo-lium-1-yl}octyl)oxy]-N-(4-methylphenyl)benzene-1,2-diazene bromide(MOIAzo),was designed and synthesized,which could cause reversible transition between emulsification and demulsification through the light trigger.The ionic liquid has an efficient photoinduced liquefaction process,which dramatically lowers the melting point of ionic liquids from 79 to 9.2 oC.This significantly broadens the liquid state temperature of the ionic liquid crystal.The ionic liquid crystal MOIAzo exhibits both photoinduced and thermally induced nematic liquid crystal properties.The smart emulsion system was effectively employed in an eco-friendly water-saving dyeing process of cationic dyes for cationic dyeable polyester(CDP)fabrics,which used only half the amount of water compared with the conventional water bath dyeing method.After dyeing,the oil and water phases can be efficiently separated through the light irradiation,and the oil phase can be reused for the subsequent dyeing process.This novel smart emulsion dyeing method greatly reduces the water consumption and wastewater discharge.MOIAzo as a lighttriggered ionic liquid molecule opens up new dimensions in green chemistry.
基金Project supported by National Hi-Tech . R&D Program of China (863 Program, 2002AA302604) , MOST of China(2006CB601104) ,and Synchrotron Radiation fund of Innovation Project of Ministry of Education (20041213S)
文摘Spherical （Y, Gd）BO3：Eu^3＋ phosphor particles with a narrow size distribution（2 -4 μm） was obtained by firing the Y-Gd-Eu-BO3 precursor prepared in a W/O style emulsion system. In the W/O emulsion system, kerosene, used as oil phase, was mixed with Span 80 and Tween 80 compounds which were employed as the emulsifier with an HLB （hydrophile-lipophile balance） value of 5.2- 5.3. Both rare earths （Y, Gd and Eu） nitrate and boric acid solution or ammonia solution were used as aqueous phase. The synthesis conditions, such as emulsion composition, emulsifying style, precipitation reaction process, reaction temperature, morphology control, and so on, were investigated, and the optimum synthesis conditions for preparing spherical （Y, Gd）BO3：Eu^3＋ phosphor was obtained. The phosphor was characterized by XRD, SEM, laser particle size analysis, emission and excitation spectrum under vacuum ultraviolet （VUV）, and so on. The phosphor synthesized using the water-in-oil emulsion method with median diameter （D50） of 2 - 4 μm shows agreeable photoluminescence （PL） property and sphericity. The main emission peak appears at about 593 nm, which corresponds to ^5D0→^7F1 transition （magnetic-dipole transition） of the Eu^3＋ ion. The cell parameters and powder diffraction data were indexed. The structure of the phosphor belongs to the hexagonal system with space group P63/m.
文摘This paper introduces working principle and technical features of vacuum filter in emulsion system for tandem cold strip mill.Based on specific cases,this paper analyses and assesses the effect before and after using the emulsion system with the usage of the vacuum filter for strip mill.Compare with the effect when using the first generation vacuum filter,the emulsion quality is improved significantly by using the second generation vacuum filter,which at the same time ensures steady operation of the rolling mill and surface quality of the mill products. As a result,investment and running costs are lowered,emissions of the waste emulsion are reduced,waste water treatment costs are reduced and so as the environmental pollution.It can be seen the second generation vacuum filter has obvious economic and environmental benefits.Therefor,it suggests that the filter should be used widely in the field of automotive,environmental protection rolling steel and nonferrous metals.
文摘<strong>Background:</strong> This work evaluated the capacity of a dry emulsion as a carrier of viable microorganisms with potential use as prophylaxis of infectious diseases. <strong>Methods:</strong> The aqueous phase containing <em>P. multocida </em>not viable in PBS was emulsified in mineral oil to obtain a w/o emulsion. The microorganisms remained stable and only in two cases (n = 6) did the bacterial concentration decrease. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) revealed a structure of a system with the organized association of particles with cubic symmetry. Using two <em>ex vivo </em>bioadhesion systems, it was demonstrated that the disperse-adsorbed system is capable of adhering to the intestinal mucosa and remains adhered for long periods of time. <strong>Results: </strong>The no viability of the bacteria in the dry emulsion and the possibility of controlled release were confirmed. <em>In vivo </em>trial was conducted in pigs. It was possible to locate the emulsion and the bacteria attached to the gut of the living animal. An ELISA kit was used to monitor the mean antibody titer of treated pigs over a 2-week period, and a classic primary response curve occurred when the titer was plotted against time. <strong>Conclusion: </strong>We propose the disperse-adsorbed system as an alternative to commonly used vehicles for immunogens in the oral vaccines.
基金Supported by Beijing Municipal Student Research Training Program in Beijing ForestryUniversity(S201310022020)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(TD2011-14)~~
文摘[Objective]Preservation and waterproof treatment are two crucial parts in wood protection, which can not only extend the service time, but also expand the application range of wood products. [Method] This work combined CA with paraffin wax emulsion to treat wood samples, and basic properties of the compound system, such as stability （storage stability and centrifugal stability）, particle size and pH val-ue, and water repel ency （water absorption, shrinkage and swel ing） of treated sam-ples were investigated. [Result and Conclusion] 1） the compound systems of CA and paraffin latex had a favorable miscibility and stability; 2） compared with untreated wood, CA-treated samples showed poor water repel ing properties, whereas samples treated with the compound systems indicated an obvious reduction in water absorp-tion, and the shrinkage and swel ing of them were improved as wel .
基金the National Basic Research Program of China (No. 2003CB615700) the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 20125618).
文摘A new reactor with integrated conventional slurry stirred reactor and ceramic external membrane emulsification system, was introduced in this paper. Toluene and toluene containing surfactant was separately used as dispersed phase for preparation of emulsions. Two kinds of emulsions were prepared and compared. The volume average sizes of prepared emulsions were 3.53μm and 3.6μm respectively. The results showed that the droplet sizes of two kinds of emulsions were similar, but the monodispersed emulsion was only obtained with addition of surfactant into the dispersed phase.
文摘Orthohexagonal slices assembled by ZnSe quantum dots were synthesized through emulsion liquid membrane system. These orthohexagonal slices were 1.5-3.5 μm in side length and were self-assembled by ZnSe quantum dots of 2-3 nm. It was proposed the surfactant molecules on ZnSe quantum dots played a key role in the self-assembly process.
文摘A series of π-A isotherms are drawn to study the film properties of the components with Langmuir-Blodgett technique. The effects of the aromaticity of spread solvents and pH value on the air/water film formed by the components are investigated. Acid fraction and asphaltene can form stable two-dimensional insoluble films on an air/water surface. The surface film pressure of acid fraction and asphaltene is higher and more stable than that of the other fractions. The surface film pressure of the fraction increases evidently under the basic condition (pH=12). The results show that the interfacial activity of acid fraction and asphaltene is superior to that of the other fractions and the basic condition is favorable to the stability of the O/W emulsion.
文摘In this paper, effects of pH on the interfacial properties of heavy crude functional fractions and water system are investigated. The influence of pH on π-A isotherms of acid fraction, basic fraction, amphoteric fraction and asphaltene is great. The interfacial pressure of fractions increases in strongly basic conditions. The ζ (-80mv) of acid fraction is the largest under basic conditions (pH=11-12), with the result to show that the interfacial activity of the acid fraction is superior to that of other fractions. The results of model emulsions show that strongly basic conolition (pH≥11) is beneficial to oil-in- water emulsion stability. The interfacial activity of acid fraction and asphaltene is superior to that of other crude fractions.
文摘Pickering emulsions are systems without surfactants, stabilized by solid particles. These emulsions are experiencing a renewed interest, on the one hand, because it is preferable to limit the use of synthetic surfactants for toxicological and environmental reasons and, on the other hand, the need to make new formulations in order to control the drug release patterns by encapsulation or controlled release. Thus, we were interested in the formulation and evaluation of W/O Pickering emulsions stabilized by particles of magnesium oxide with paracetamol in the internal phase and griseofulvin in the external phase. The Bancroft rule served as a model for the formulation. The emulsification was carried out by progressively adding an aqueous phase dispersed in an oil-dispersing phase using a turbo rotor stator mixer. The stability of these emulsions was studied using several parameters (droplet size, pH, viscosity, conductivity ...) and the qualitative and quantitative analysis of the active ingredients by UV-visible spectrophotometry. The results obtained showed that the dye test and the conductivity measurement confirmed the W/O nature of these emulsions. Some parameters such as droplet size, pH and viscosity were strongly influenced by the amounts of magnesium oxide particles and the two active ingredients used. The qualitative and quantitative analysis of the active ingredients confirmed the presence of griseofulvin in the oil phase and paracetamol in the aqueous phase. Thus, we have succeeded in developing a stable W/O Pickering emulsion with magnesium oxide particles. In addition, we were able to incorporate paracetamol into the dispersed phase and griseofulvin into the dispersing phase of the emulsion.
文摘The investigation of recovery Ga 3+ by emulsion liquid membrane (ELM) using Tri alkyl oxide phosphine (TRPO) as the mobile carrier was reported. The optimum emulsion liquid membrane conditions were determinated. They were: the feed pH 1.0, organic phase consisting of 5% TRPO, 4% LMS 2 and 2% liquid paraffin in kerosene solution, 10% K 4[Fe(CN) 6] aq. solution as the stripping agent, R oi =2∶1, R ew =1∶5. At the optimum ELM operating condition, the recovery rate of gallium was 96.5%, and the oil phase can be reused for 5 times.
基金supported by“National Key R&D Program of China(2019YFD0902000)”“Scientific Research Project of the Education Department in Liaoning Province(LJKZ0521)”Dalian Star of Science and Technology(2021RQ096).
文摘(-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate(EGCG)is frequently used as a good antioxidant in food systems.In contrast,its antioxidant capacity was limited in the oil-in-water emulsion system due to its high hydrophilicity.Therefore,food-derived proteins with higher hydrophobicity were utilized to bind with EGCG and form new molecules that could stay in the oil-water interface to improve the stability of such emulsions.This study combined watersoluble protein(OWPs)extracted from oysters with EGCG to form the OWPs-EGCG complex.When combined with EGCG,the molecular weight and particle diameter(nearly 180-240 nm)of OWPs slightly increased in a dose-dependent manner by increasing the proportion of EGCG.Moreover,several conformational changes to OWPs by EGCG addition were found,such as the alteration of secondary structures,the fluorescence quenching,and the involvement of binding groups.The OWPs-EGCG complex(1:0.025)exhibited the highest emulsifying activities,while the ratio of 1:0.2 had the highest foaming stability.Furthermore,the OWPs-EGCG complex showed nearly 90%free radical scavenging activities with an increasing ratio of EGCG.In the established temporary storage model of OWPs-EGCG conjugate/linolic acid emulsion system,the OWPs-EGCG complex exhibited enhanced antioxidant effects against the oxidation of OWPs and linolic acid.This study provided a theoretical basis for the potential applications of food-derived proteins/EGCG conjugates on antioxidant effects against lipid oxidation in the emulsifying system.
文摘The dynamic process of purifying emulsion using electromagnetic technique has been analyzed and studied by dynamics principle. Based on the results, the purification equipment has been developed and installed in a cold rolling mill. The basic structure characteristics of the purification equipment were described in detail. Emulsion purified by this way can be recycled and used again with cost reduction.
基金supported by CAPES (Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Ensino Superior) through a student fellowship to C.S.S. Moraes
文摘The rational design of emulsions requires study of the main factors that influence their formation, physicochemical properties and, consequently, stability and performance. The use of vegetable oils in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries has recently become attractive. Dipteryx alata Vogel(D. alata) is an oleaginous species native to Brazil. The seeds of this species contain highly unsaturated oil with significant amounts of tocopherols and phytosterols, representing an important source of agents capable of combatting oxidative processes. In this work, a lamellar gel phase emulsion using oil extracted from the seeds of D. alata(baru) was developed. The steps involved in the development of this research were as follows: 1) development of formulations and 2) in vitro assays by simulating the evaporation of the final product after application to the skin and Electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy(EPR) of fatty acid spin labels was used to investigate the profile of interaction of the dispersed systems with stratum corneum(SC) lipids. The results indicate that the developed system shows no signs of instability during the storage period. Moreover, EPR studies indicated that D. alata oil and especially the developed formulation were able to increase SC lipid fluidity and extract a fatty-acid spin label from the lipid domain structures of SC, demonstrating its potential to act as a drug or skin care vehicle.
基金This work is supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province(Grant No.E20160203385)the Heavy Machinery Collaborative Innovation Program(Grant No.ZX01-20140400-05)。
文摘With the benefit fierce competition in the steel industry market in recent years,double cold reduction products have been developed towards strength improvement and thickness reduction.The traditional cold-rolling lubrication process with a fixed flow rate and concentration cannot solve the problems,which are uncontrollable plate shape and the excessive consumption of lubricating oil.Moreover,based on the analysis of the traditional direct aplication lubrication system of double cold reduction mill,a set of design scheme suitable for the emulsion pipeline direct mixing lubrication system of double cold reduction mill unit was proposed.The design completed the selection of key components,which included the static mixer and atomization nozzle selection,pump and oil pump design selection,pipeline design selection,flow type selection,pressure gauge selection,electronic control cabinet design selection and other eight aspects.Equipment of the emulsion pipeline direct mixing lubrication system of double cold reduction has been developed.Comparing with characteristics of the traditional direct aplication lubrication system,the emulsion pipeline direct mixing lubrication system was better applied to the production practice of a 1220 double cold reduction mill.The consumption of ton of steel was reduced by 9.6%.The rolling energy consumption and fuel consumption comprehensive costs decreased by 10.7%,and the strip steel section thickness difference was reduced by 19.3%.In addition,the plate shape quality defect rate decreased by 25.6%,otherwise creating a large economic benefit for the unit and promoting the application value.
基金Funded by a Science and Technology Project from the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of the People’s Republic of China(No.2019-K-047)Yangzhou Government-Yangzhou University Cooperative Platform Project for Science and Technology Innovation(No.YZ2020262)。
文摘The chloride penetration resistance of cement-based grout materials was improved by nano-silica emulsion.Specimens of mixtures containing different nano-silica particles or emulsions were exposed in sodium chloride solutions of specific concentrations with different test ages.Hardened properties of the mixes were assessed in terms of weight loss and compressive strength.X-ray diffraction(XRD)and scanning electron microscopy(SEM)of mixes were performed to analysis the phase evolution and microstructure.The results demonstrated that the introduction of nano-SiO_(2) emulsion significantly decreased the compressive strength loss and calcium hydroxide(CH)crystal content of hydration production,and then enhanced the resistance of cement-based grouting materials to chloride ion penetration.This improvement derives from the filling and pozzolanic effects of nano-SiO_(2) particles,which were incorporated via an emulsion and attributed to a well dispersion in grouting matrix.
文摘Naturally degradable capsule provides a platform for sustained fragrance release.However,practical challenges such as low encapsulation efficiency and difficulty in sustained release are still limited in using fragranceloaded capsules.In this work,the natural materials sodium alginate and gelatine are dissolved and act as the aqueous phase,lavender is dissolved in caprylic/capric triglyceride(GTCC)as the oil phase,and SiO_(2) nanoparticles with neutralwettability as a solid emulsifier to form O/W Pickering emulsions simultaneously.Finally,multi-core capsules are prepared using the drop injection method with emulsions as templates.The results show that the capsules have been successfully prepared with a spherical morphology and multi-core structure,and the encapsulation rate of multi-core capsules can reach up to 99.6%.In addition,the multi-core capsules possess desirable sustained release performance,the cumulative sustained release rate of fragrance at 25℃over 49 days is only 32.5%.It is attributed to the significant protection of multi-core structure,Pickering emulsion nanoparticle membranes,and hydrogel network shell for encapsulated fragrance.This study is designed to deliver a new strategy for using sustained-release technology with fragrance in food,cosmetics,textiles,and other fields.
