W/O/W multi-structure emulsions were prepared by two-step method,to investigate the effect of different W/O emulsifier,anionic emulsifier as well as the first phase volume ratio on the formation and stability of multi...W/O/W multi-structure emulsions were prepared by two-step method,to investigate the effect of different W/O emulsifier,anionic emulsifier as well as the first phase volume ratio on the formation and stability of multi-structure emulsions.The result indicated that ES-5300 is efficient in forming the homogeneous and stable W/O/W multi-structure emulsions which related to the emulsifier structure and low HLB value.Compared with other anionic emulsifier,sodium isostearoyl lactylate can product more stable multi-structure emulsions.However,the higher temperature stability was affected by the increasing of it.In addition,appropriate first phase volume ratio is critical to the stability of multi-structure emulsions.The multi-structure emulsions with better encapsulation efficiency and great performance in higher temperature was achieved when the first phase volume ratio equal to 1.展开更多
Structure of emulsifiers or functionality and molecular weight determines its rheology, emulsification and stability of emulsion explosives. Rheology of typical emulsifiers was studied by automatic rheometer. Relation...Structure of emulsifiers or functionality and molecular weight determines its rheology, emulsification and stability of emulsion explosives. Rheology of typical emulsifiers was studied by automatic rheometer. Relations between rheology and structural properties of typical emulsifiers were analyzed. Experimental results show that viscosity of emulsifiers didn＇ t change with shear rate at room temperature and appeared properties of Newtonian fluid. Viscosity of different component emulsifiers declines with temperature in different modes. The change of strain doesn＇ t affect modu- lus of emulsifiers. Loss modulus increases linearly with the increase of frequency in oscillation and storage modulus does non-linearly. The higher the temperature is, the lower change amplitude of loss modulus with frequency will be. The emulsifiers with imide and amide functionality for emulsion explosives have better shear properties at high temperature and better shapingness and stability at room temperature than other emulsifiers with ester and Sorbin Monoleate （SMO） functionality.展开更多
Oil-based drilling fluids possess excellent properties such as shale inhibition, cuttings suspension, and superior lubrication, making them essential in the development of unconventional oil and gas reservoirs.However...Oil-based drilling fluids possess excellent properties such as shale inhibition, cuttings suspension, and superior lubrication, making them essential in the development of unconventional oil and gas reservoirs.However, wellbore instability, caused by the invasion of drilling fluids into shale formations, remains a significant challenge for the safe and efficient extraction of shale oil and gas. This work reports the preparation of mesoporous SiO2nanoparticles with low surface energy, utilized as multifunctional agents to enhance the performance of oil-based drilling fluids aimed at improving wellbore stability. The results indicate that the coating prepared from these nanoparticles exhibit excellent hydrophobicity and antifouling properties, increasing the water contact angle from 32°to 146°and oil contact angle from 24°to134.8°. Additionally, these nanoparticles exhibit exceptional chemical stability and thermal resistance.Incorporating these nanoparticles into oil-based drilling fluids reduced the surface energy of the mud cake from 34.99 to 8.17 m J·m-2and increased the roughness of shale from 0.26 to 2.39 μm. These modifications rendered the mud cake and shale surfaces amphiphobic, effectively mitigating capillary infiltration and delaying the long-term strength degradation of shale in oil-based drilling fluids. After 28days of immersion in oil-based drilling fluid, shale cores treated with MF-SiO2exhibited a 30.5% increase in compressive strength compared to untreated cores. Additionally, these nanoparticles demonstrated the ability to penetrate and seal rock pores, reducing the API filtration volume of the drilling fluid from11.2 to 7.6 m L. This study introduces a novel approach to enhance the development of shale gas and oil resources, offering a promising strategy for wellbore stabilization in oil-based drilling fluid systems.展开更多
This study investigates the use of a low-carbon soil stabilizer called SDG,which is made up of granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS),desulfurization gypsum (DG),and calcium carbide slag (CCS),to solidify the soil.The ...This study investigates the use of a low-carbon soil stabilizer called SDG,which is made up of granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS),desulfurization gypsum (DG),and calcium carbide slag (CCS),to solidify the soil.The impact of SDG components on the strength and durability of solidified soil was analysed through a series of tests,including unconfined compressive strength,water stability coefficient,water absorption rate,drying-wetting cycles,and shrinkage tests.Furthermore,microstructure characteristics were analysed using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).The study shows that the solidified soil has excellent strength and durability when the SDG stabilizer contains 60% GGBGS,10% DG,and 30% CCS.Additionally,increasing the DG content negatively affects the soil's resistance to water.The SDG stabilizer has potential chemical cementitious characteristics and the calcium carbide slag is rich in calcium ions,which undergo an ion exchange reaction with minerals in the soil.These findings offer new ideas for the development of soil stabilizers.展开更多
The Makran Sea is a complex marine environment.The purpose of this research is screening of emulsifier-producing bacteria in this marine environment and optimization of emulsifier production by the best-producing stra...The Makran Sea is a complex marine environment.The purpose of this research is screening of emulsifier-producing bacteria in this marine environment and optimization of emulsifier production by the best-producing strain.Marine samples(seawater and sediments)were collected from four different zones in the Makran Sea.The emulsification activity index(E_(24))and Bacterial Ad-hesion To Hydrocarbons(BATH)were used to select the best emulsifier-producing strains.The prevalent strains were identified by PCR.The optimization of the emulsifier production medium by the best strain was done by two-level factorial design.Seventeen emulsifier-producing strains were isolated from sediments and seawater in the Makran Sea.The strains M6,BS-2,and J6 were select-ed between all isolates because they have 83%,91%,and 85%emulsification activity(E_(24))respectively.The results of sequencing confirmed that these three strains(M6,BS-2,and J6)belong to Cobetia marina,Shewanella alga,and Thalassospira permensis re-spectively.Maximum emulsifier production occurred at crude oil concentration(4%,v/v),peptone(2.5 g/L),yeast extract(1.5 g/L),molasses(2%),and at a temperature of 25℃.The results of this research confirmed that the Makran Sea has the potential to reach ro-bust marine bacteria with different biotechnological applications.展开更多
Purpose: There have been many studies on the effects of different types of backpacks on posture from a biomechanical perspective and on the center of gravity. Considering the effects of autonomic nervous system activi...Purpose: There have been many studies on the effects of different types of backpacks on posture from a biomechanical perspective and on the center of gravity. Considering the effects of autonomic nervous system activity and mood associated with backpacks in mountaineering and hiking, research is also needed from a psychological perspective. In this study, the effects of adjusting the backpack shoulder stabilizer were preliminarily tested in terms of subjective fatigue and changes in autonomic nervous activity after hiking. Methods: The experimental 15 healthy participants hiked the mountain under two conditions: 1) without adjusting the stabilizer, a feature of the backpack (NAH condition), and 2) with the stabilizer adjusted (AH condition). First, all participants hiked the mountain in the NAH condition, and after a 30-minute break, they began the hike in the AH condition after confirming that a) their heart rate had recovered and b) they were in good physical condition. Results: HR was significantly lower after each hiking session than during the session. RMSSD was significantly lower pre-AH and post-AH than the NAH condition, but there was no significant difference between the NAH condition and either post-NAH or post-AH. Additionally, RMSSD was significantly lower in the AH condition than pre-AH or post-AH. The shoulders and back were significantly more burdened in the NAH condition than in the AH condition. The pleasure level was significantly higher in the AH condition than in the NAH condition. Conclusion: The results showed that also adjusting the position of the waist belt when adjusting the shoulder stabilizer, which is mainly used for the neck and shoulders, has a significant positive effect on the subjective burden on the upper body and parasympathetic nervous system activity after hiking.展开更多
A series of new water-soluble bifunctional comonomers having both carboxyl and alkyl polyoxyethylene groups, such as sodium mono(ethyl polyoxyethylene) maleate (ZE series) with various molecular weights of polyoxyethy...A series of new water-soluble bifunctional comonomers having both carboxyl and alkyl polyoxyethylene groups, such as sodium mono(ethyl polyoxyethylene) maleate (ZE series) with various molecular weights of polyoxyethylene ethyl ether, were synthesized and characterized. The effects of the structural factor, the amount and feeding mode of the comonomers, the initiator concentration and polymerization temperature on the stability of emulsifier-free emulsion copolymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) and butyl acrylate (BA) in the presence of a small amount of ZE with potassium persulfate as initiator were investigated. Stable, almost monodispersed MMA/BA/ZE emulsifier-free latex particles were prepared.展开更多
We investigate a class of non-integrable two-particle Calogero-Moser systems modulated by a power-law external potential.The local well-posedness of the Cauchy problem is established under the strict initial separatio...We investigate a class of non-integrable two-particle Calogero-Moser systems modulated by a power-law external potential.The local well-posedness of the Cauchy problem is established under the strict initial separation condition for the particles.For suitably prepared initial configurations,local solutions can be extended globally via energy conservation;conversely,negative energy conditions induce(in)finite-time blowup.The linear(in)stability of stationary solutions is analyzed,with their energy serving as a threshold.Numerical investigations employ a fourth-order Runge-Kutta scheme with adaptive step-size control.Simulations demonstrate that the trajectories either converge to steady states or exhibit blowup,depending on the power exponent α and initial conditions.Increasingαaccelerates the convergence rate and dampens oscillatory dynamics,promoting a transition from periodic behavior to static equilibrium.展开更多
Quantitative real-time PCR(qPCR)is widely used for gene expression analysis,but its accuracy critically depends on stable internal reference genes for normalization.In marine invertebrates,especially non-model taxa su...Quantitative real-time PCR(qPCR)is widely used for gene expression analysis,but its accuracy critically depends on stable internal reference genes for normalization.In marine invertebrates,especially non-model taxa such as cephalopods,systematic evaluation of reference genes is limited,leading to potential bias.The cuttlefish Sepiella japonica is ecologically and economically important in China,yet previous molecular studies have often relied on single unvalidated reference genes,which may compromise data reliability.This study aimed to systematically evaluate the stability of five commonly used reference genes(18S,ef-1α,ef-1γ,gapdh,andβ-actin)across multiple tissues and sexes of S.japonica,and to identify the most suitable reference genes and optimal number for qPCR normalization.Fifteen to sixteen tissue types were collected from ten healthy adults(five males and five females).Total RNA was extracted,reverse-transcribed,and analyzed by qPCR.Gene stability was assessed using four algorithms(geNorm,NormFinder,BestKeeper,andΔCt)integrated with RefFinder,and the optimal gene number was determined using geNorm pairwise variation(V_(n/n+1)<0.15).Four transcriptome-derived genes(creld2,cd109,acy1,and miox)were used for validation.The C_(t)values of the five genes ranged from 15.47 to 20.83.β-actin and gapdh showed pronounced variability in expression stability among tissues and sexes,indicating their limited suitability for normalization.18S exhibited the highest expression(mean C_(t):15.47-16.29)and lowest variability but displayed sex-biased expression,whereas ef-1αand ef-1γremained consistently stable across most tissues in both sexes,with ef-1αbeing the most robust and showing no sex-related bias.Although specific rankings varied among tissues and sexes,the comprehensive results indicated that ef-1αand ef-1γpossessed the highest overall stability,followed by 18S,whileβ-actin and gapdh were the least stable.The final comprehensive rankings were ef-1γ>ef-1α>18S>gapdh>β-actin(male)and ef-1α>ef-1γ>18S>gapdh>β-actin(female).geNorm analysis(V2/3<0.15)indicated that two genes,mainly ef-1αand ef-1γ,were generally sufficient for reliable normalization in most tissues.Validation confirmed that normalization using the stable ef-1αand ef-1γaccurately reflected the expression differences among tissues,whereasβ-actin and gapdh can bias or confound statistical analyses.ef-1αand ef-1γare identified as the most reliable reference gene combination for qPCR analysis in S.japonica,while 18S can serve as an auxiliary gene for within-sex comparisons.The use ofβ-actin or gapdh alone is not recommended.This study establishes a systematic framework for selecting reliable reference genes in S.japonica,thereby facilitating robust qPCR normalization and providing a foundation for future gene expression research in S.japonica and other cephalopods.展开更多
Phenolic compound such as resveratrol has been suggested to prevent cancer and heart diseases because of its anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities[1].However,therapeutic application of resveratrol is quite lim...Phenolic compound such as resveratrol has been suggested to prevent cancer and heart diseases because of its anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities[1].However,therapeutic application of resveratrol is quite limited due to its poor solubility,low bioavailability,photosensitive and auto-oxidation properties[2].The aim of this study was to prepare resveratrolloaded emulsions using pectin as an emulsifier.The emulsions should be stable for up to 7 days,before further manufacturing processes.展开更多
In recent years,the amount of waste generated during milling has increased dramatically,and improper disposal poses a significant environmental challenge.To mitigate environmental pollution and enhance the road perfor...In recent years,the amount of waste generated during milling has increased dramatically,and improper disposal poses a significant environmental challenge.To mitigate environmental pollution and enhance the road performance of emulsified asphalt cold recycled mixtures(ECRM),this study employed recycled asphalt pavement(RAP)and reclaimed inorganic binder stabilized aggregate(RAI)as dual recycled materials for ECRM preparation.The blending ratios of reclaimed base and surface layer mixtures significantly influence ECRM's performance,with adjusted proportions substantially improving compressive strength and dynamic modulus.Firstly,three distinct proportioning options were developed for the recycled materials.Mix designs incorporating varying RAP/RAI ratios were used to determine the optimal mix parameters:moisture content,cement dosage,and emulsified asphalt content.Subsequently,comprehensive performance evaluations were conducted through high-temperature wheel tracking tests,freeze-thaw splitting tests,uniaxial compression tests,and dynamic modulus measurements to analyze the pavement characteristics of the three ECRM formulations.Experimental results demonstrate:Compared with ECRM with a blending ratio of RAP:RAI:new aggregate=30:50:20(Option 1),the dynamic stability,freeze-thaw splitting strength ratio,compressive strength,and compressive resilient modulus of ECRM under Option 3(RAP:RAI:new aggregate=50:30:20)decreased by 31.8%,5.2%,16.4%,and 13.1%,respectively.This indicates that increasing RAP content while reducing RAI proportion enhances the tensile strength of ECRM,yet adversely affects its high-temperature stability,moisture resistance,and compressive performance.This work not only addresses the challenge of jointly utilizing asphalt pavement waste and base waste,but also provides a cost-effective and sustainable method for the stable application of milling material resources in road engineering.展开更多
Backfill is routinely adopted as a ground support measure for underground mines.However,ground stability enhancement by backfill has received limited research attention.This is likely to be because of the conventional...Backfill is routinely adopted as a ground support measure for underground mines.However,ground stability enhancement by backfill has received limited research attention.This is likely to be because of the conventional assumption that the fill material exhibits a significantly lower stiffness than the host rocks.Significantly,a recent pioneering work revealed the time-dependent ground stability around a backfilled stope with vertical walls through numerical modeling.In practice,underground stopes typically exhibit a higher or lower degree of inclination.This alters the stress state in peripheral rocks and may induce severe instability and dilution,particularly in stope-hanging walls.Hence,it is imperative to analyze the time-dependent ground stability of inclined backfilled stopes for backfill structure design.Therefore,comprehensive numerical simulations were performed using FLAC3D to address this knowledge deficiency by incorporating a coupled analysis of the backfill consolidation behavior and long-term creep deformation in surrounding rocks.The ground stability was evaluated based on the confinement effectiveness,strength-stress ratio,stress path relative to the yield surface,and time-dependent stress redistribution in the rocks.A parametric study revealed that the inclination angle of the backfilled stope reduced the confinement effectiveness in the host rocks when the wall creep was minor.This exacerbated the rock mass sloughing potential.However,a backfilled stope with a shallower dip angle achieved superior ground stability enhancement when the creep deformation was substantial,by applying a more significant compression on the backfill and effectively mobilizing its passive support performance during consolidation.Additional simulations were conducted to analyze the effects of stope height and width,mine depth,mechanical properties of rocks,backfill compressibility,and filling gap on the time-dependent stress redistribution and stability around the inclined backfilled stope.展开更多
AIM:To investigate the effects of binocular fusional C-optotypes(positive/negative)and 2D planar C-optotypes on the amplitude and stability of transient accommodation(TAC)in adults,and to provide a basis for non-conta...AIM:To investigate the effects of binocular fusional C-optotypes(positive/negative)and 2D planar C-optotypes on the amplitude and stability of transient accommodation(TAC)in adults,and to provide a basis for non-contact myopia intervention.METHODS:This was a self-controlled study.Using redblue 3D technology,four experimental stages were set up:Test A[fixating on the 1 m negative fusional C-optotypes,8△base-in(BI)],Test B(fixating on the 5 m planar C-optotypes),Test C(fixating on the 1 m planar C-optotypes),and Test D[fixating on the 1 m positive fusional C-optotypes,20△base-out(BO)].A WAM-5500 open-field autorefractor was used to measure TAC and accommodative microfluctuations[evaluated via interquartile range(IQR)and median-based coefficient of variation(CVmed)].Additionally,the convergence accommodation to convergence(CA/C)ratio was calculated,and a visual fatigue questionnaire was administered to assess participants’subjective visual comfort.RESULTS:A total of 21 subjects(7 males,14 females;aged 23-41y)with normal binocular visual function were enrolled.The results showed that the TAC increased gradually across the four stages,and these values were Test A(-0.35±0.26 D)<Test B(-0.46±0.24 D)<Test C(-0.77±0.32 D)<Test D(-1.38±0.31 D).There were significant overall differences(F=56.136,P<0.001).Compared with Test C,Test A reduced TAC by 0.42 D(P<0.05),while Test D increased it by 0.61 D(P<0.001).There was no significant intergroup difference in accommodative fluctuation amplitude(all P>0.05),but the fluctuation stability of Test D showed a significant difference between the first 20s and the second 20s(P=0.017).The CA/C ratio was significantly higher in Test D(0.05±0.02 D/△)than in Test A(0.03±0.02 D/△,P=0.007),indicating stronger accommodation-convergence linkage during positive fusional fixation.The visual fatigue scores of all stages were low(median 0-1),with Test D slightly higher than Test B and Test C(P<0.05).No linear correlation was found between TAC and age(all r<0.1,P>0.05).CONCLUSION:Negative fusional C-optotypes induce ciliary muscle relaxation to reduce TAC,while positive fusional C-optotypes enhance accommodation-convergence coordination to increase TAC.The red-blue 3D-based noncontact training mode exhibits good safety(median visual fatigue scores:0-1 across all tests)and provides a novel dual-directional(relaxation-activation)strategy for myopia prevention and control.展开更多
Selective catalytic reduction with NH3(NH3-SCR)is an important means of NO_(x) abatement from stationary and mobile sources,and the key element is efficient and stable NH3-SCR catalysts.In this study,we propose a meth...Selective catalytic reduction with NH3(NH3-SCR)is an important means of NO_(x) abatement from stationary and mobile sources,and the key element is efficient and stable NH3-SCR catalysts.In this study,we propose a method to construct superior Fe-Beta catalysts based on Al-rich zeolites.This strategy successfully promotes the formation of NH3-SCR-active isolated Fe^(3+)species,thus effectively improving the low-temperature activity of the Fe-Beta catalysts.Thanks to the abundant Brønsted acid sites of the Al-rich zeolite,the Fe_(2)O_(3) particles are redispersed and anchored as isolated Fe^(3+)during hydrothermal aging.This dynamic evolution of Fe species makes up for the adverse effect of dealumination of the Al-rich zeolite framework and achieves high stability for the Al-rich Fe-Beta catalyst.This study may promote the understanding of highly efficient and stable catalyst design using Al-rich zeolites.展开更多
Single-atom nanozymes(SAzymes)exhibit exceptional catalytic efficiency due to their maximized atom utilization and precisely modulated metalcarrier interactions,which have attracted significant attention in the biomed...Single-atom nanozymes(SAzymes)exhibit exceptional catalytic efficiency due to their maximized atom utilization and precisely modulated metalcarrier interactions,which have attracted significant attention in the biomedical field.However,stability issues may impede the clinical translation of SAzymes.This review provides a comprehensive overview of the applications of SAzymes in various biomedical fields,including disease diagnosis(e.g.,biosensors and diagnostic imaging),antitumor therapy(e.g.,photothermal therapy,photodynamic therapy,sonodynamic therapy,and immunotherapy),antimicrobial therapy,and anti-oxidative stress therapy.More importantly,the existing challenges of SAzymes are discussed,such as metal atom clustering and active site loss,ligand bond breakage at high temperature,insufficient environment tolerance,biosecurity risks,and limited catalytic long-term stability.Finally,several innovative strategies to address these stability concerns are proposed—synthesis process optimization(space-limited strategy,coordination site design,bimetallic synergistic strategy,defect engineering strategy,atom stripping-capture),surface modification,and dynamic responsive design—that collectively pave the way for robust,clinically viable SAzymes.展开更多
One of the research hotspots in geotechnical engineering is the solidification of problematic soil foundations. However, the traditional materials, such as Portland cement, lime, and various types of chemical solution...One of the research hotspots in geotechnical engineering is the solidification of problematic soil foundations. However, the traditional materials, such as Portland cement, lime, and various types of chemical solutions, typically cause CO_(2) emissions and environmental pollution. Geopolymer is a newly proposed method for soil solidification, offering an environmentally friendly and effective solution. Given that soils typically consist of diverse compositions, an optimal soil stabilization technique should be versatile enough to be applied across various soil types, ensuring consistent strength outcomes with minimal variations among different soil compositions. In this study, three commonly used geopolymers(fly ash, ground granulated blast-furnace slag, and metakaolin) were utilized to stabilize silt, loess, silica sand, calcareous sand, and gravel, representing a diverse range of soils. The mechanical properties and microstructures of both geopolymers and geopolymerstabilized soils were analyzed. The findings indicated that the strength of stabilized coarse cohesionless soils was primarily influenced by the mechanical properties of the geopolymers themselves, with minimal impact from the inherent properties of the soil. However, the effectiveness of stabilizing cohesive soil may show significant discrepancies compared to the mechanical properties of geopolymer materials when certain types of geopolymers, like metakaolin, are employed. Higher strength is typically achieved through a denser structure(with fewer pores) and the presence of products with a higher degree of polymerization. Additionally, ground granulated blast-furnace slag exhibited excellent stability and superior strength when compared to other types of geopolymers. The present research establishes a basis for selecting geopolymers to stabilize a range of soils, including those with non-uniform compositions and diverse components.展开更多
In this paper,we are concerned with the stability of traveling wavefronts of a Belousov-Zhabotinsky model with mixed nonlocal and degenerate diffusions.Such a system can be used to study the competition among nonlocal...In this paper,we are concerned with the stability of traveling wavefronts of a Belousov-Zhabotinsky model with mixed nonlocal and degenerate diffusions.Such a system can be used to study the competition among nonlocally diffusive species and degenerately diffusive species.We prove that the traveling wavefronts are exponentially stable,when the initial perturbation around the traveling waves decays exponentially as x→-∞,but in other locations,the initial data can be arbitrarily large.The adopted methods are the weighted energy with the comparison principle and squeezing technique.展开更多
Rock slope instability is a prevalent geological hazard that imposes significant adverse impacts on engineering activities.Although existing studies have focused on homogeneous rock slopes,the theoretical models for q...Rock slope instability is a prevalent geological hazard that imposes significant adverse impacts on engineering activities.Although existing studies have focused on homogeneous rock slopes,the theoretical models for quantifying the stability of softhard interbedded anti-inclined slopes remain underdeveloped,primarily due to the complex force transfer mechanisms involved.This study proposed a novel theoretical model for the stability analysis of soft-hard interbedded anti-inclined slopes under rainfall conditions.The framework models stratified rock layers as layered cantilever beams with material heterogeneity.Based on the principle of deformation compatibility,it comprehensively accounted for interlayer force transfer and strength degradation resulting from differential deformations among rock layers.Furthermore,it integrated the critical instability length induced by the self-weight of rock layers to determine the fracture depth.The proposed method was validated against engineering case studies and physical model tests,with error falling within an acceptable range.Compared to existing theoretical methods,the proposed method provided a more realistic representation of the slope's stress field.The analysis results demonstrate that rainfall not only reduces the inclination angle of the failure surface but also leads to an approximate 30%decrease in the safety factor.The proposed theoretical model is particularly useful for quickly calculating the stability of soft-hard interbedded anti-inclined rock slope under rainfall conditions,compared to complex and time-consuming numerical simulation calculations.展开更多
A design idea for single-component metamaterial plates is proposed to achieve the thermal stability of flexural wave bandgap by the perforated and pre-curved patterns.The band structure analysis suggests that perforat...A design idea for single-component metamaterial plates is proposed to achieve the thermal stability of flexural wave bandgap by the perforated and pre-curved patterns.The band structure analysis suggests that perforation can release part of the in-plane thermal expansion to weaken the softening effect of thermal stress.Introducing precurved components to the perforated structure will stop the decrement of the bandgap frequency in thermal environment,and even make the frequency higher with appropriate structural parameters.The bending stiffness of the heated plate is enhanced by the thermal deflection induced stiffening effect of the pre-curved components.The segmented pre-curved component presents a strong ability to resist the thermal influence on the flexural wave bandgap.A simplified model is established for the local structure of the precurved component.The theoretical calculations explain the thermally induced frequency increment of the bandgap and the discrepancy in the thermal response between the two pre-curved models.The transmittance of flexural wave validates the effectiveness of the proposed design.展开更多
文摘W/O/W multi-structure emulsions were prepared by two-step method,to investigate the effect of different W/O emulsifier,anionic emulsifier as well as the first phase volume ratio on the formation and stability of multi-structure emulsions.The result indicated that ES-5300 is efficient in forming the homogeneous and stable W/O/W multi-structure emulsions which related to the emulsifier structure and low HLB value.Compared with other anionic emulsifier,sodium isostearoyl lactylate can product more stable multi-structure emulsions.However,the higher temperature stability was affected by the increasing of it.In addition,appropriate first phase volume ratio is critical to the stability of multi-structure emulsions.The multi-structure emulsions with better encapsulation efficiency and great performance in higher temperature was achieved when the first phase volume ratio equal to 1.
基金Supported by Independent Research Projects of State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology(ZDKT08-05)
文摘Structure of emulsifiers or functionality and molecular weight determines its rheology, emulsification and stability of emulsion explosives. Rheology of typical emulsifiers was studied by automatic rheometer. Relations between rheology and structural properties of typical emulsifiers were analyzed. Experimental results show that viscosity of emulsifiers didn＇ t change with shear rate at room temperature and appeared properties of Newtonian fluid. Viscosity of different component emulsifiers declines with temperature in different modes. The change of strain doesn＇ t affect modu- lus of emulsifiers. Loss modulus increases linearly with the increase of frequency in oscillation and storage modulus does non-linearly. The higher the temperature is, the lower change amplitude of loss modulus with frequency will be. The emulsifiers with imide and amide functionality for emulsion explosives have better shear properties at high temperature and better shapingness and stability at room temperature than other emulsifiers with ester and Sorbin Monoleate （SMO） functionality.
基金support from the National Natural:Science Foundation of China(NO.52174014)the National Natural Science Foundation Basic Science Center(NO.52288101).
文摘Oil-based drilling fluids possess excellent properties such as shale inhibition, cuttings suspension, and superior lubrication, making them essential in the development of unconventional oil and gas reservoirs.However, wellbore instability, caused by the invasion of drilling fluids into shale formations, remains a significant challenge for the safe and efficient extraction of shale oil and gas. This work reports the preparation of mesoporous SiO2nanoparticles with low surface energy, utilized as multifunctional agents to enhance the performance of oil-based drilling fluids aimed at improving wellbore stability. The results indicate that the coating prepared from these nanoparticles exhibit excellent hydrophobicity and antifouling properties, increasing the water contact angle from 32°to 146°and oil contact angle from 24°to134.8°. Additionally, these nanoparticles exhibit exceptional chemical stability and thermal resistance.Incorporating these nanoparticles into oil-based drilling fluids reduced the surface energy of the mud cake from 34.99 to 8.17 m J·m-2and increased the roughness of shale from 0.26 to 2.39 μm. These modifications rendered the mud cake and shale surfaces amphiphobic, effectively mitigating capillary infiltration and delaying the long-term strength degradation of shale in oil-based drilling fluids. After 28days of immersion in oil-based drilling fluid, shale cores treated with MF-SiO2exhibited a 30.5% increase in compressive strength compared to untreated cores. Additionally, these nanoparticles demonstrated the ability to penetrate and seal rock pores, reducing the API filtration volume of the drilling fluid from11.2 to 7.6 m L. This study introduces a novel approach to enhance the development of shale gas and oil resources, offering a promising strategy for wellbore stabilization in oil-based drilling fluid systems.
基金Funded by the National Key R&D Program of China (No. 2022YFC3803405)the China State Construction Key Laboratory Project (No. ZJXJ-PT-2022-14)。
文摘This study investigates the use of a low-carbon soil stabilizer called SDG,which is made up of granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS),desulfurization gypsum (DG),and calcium carbide slag (CCS),to solidify the soil.The impact of SDG components on the strength and durability of solidified soil was analysed through a series of tests,including unconfined compressive strength,water stability coefficient,water absorption rate,drying-wetting cycles,and shrinkage tests.Furthermore,microstructure characteristics were analysed using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).The study shows that the solidified soil has excellent strength and durability when the SDG stabilizer contains 60% GGBGS,10% DG,and 30% CCS.Additionally,increasing the DG content negatively affects the soil's resistance to water.The SDG stabilizer has potential chemical cementitious characteristics and the calcium carbide slag is rich in calcium ions,which undergo an ion exchange reaction with minerals in the soil.These findings offer new ideas for the development of soil stabilizers.
基金supported by Shahid Bahonar Universi-ty of Kerman.
文摘The Makran Sea is a complex marine environment.The purpose of this research is screening of emulsifier-producing bacteria in this marine environment and optimization of emulsifier production by the best-producing strain.Marine samples(seawater and sediments)were collected from four different zones in the Makran Sea.The emulsification activity index(E_(24))and Bacterial Ad-hesion To Hydrocarbons(BATH)were used to select the best emulsifier-producing strains.The prevalent strains were identified by PCR.The optimization of the emulsifier production medium by the best strain was done by two-level factorial design.Seventeen emulsifier-producing strains were isolated from sediments and seawater in the Makran Sea.The strains M6,BS-2,and J6 were select-ed between all isolates because they have 83%,91%,and 85%emulsification activity(E_(24))respectively.The results of sequencing confirmed that these three strains(M6,BS-2,and J6)belong to Cobetia marina,Shewanella alga,and Thalassospira permensis re-spectively.Maximum emulsifier production occurred at crude oil concentration(4%,v/v),peptone(2.5 g/L),yeast extract(1.5 g/L),molasses(2%),and at a temperature of 25℃.The results of this research confirmed that the Makran Sea has the potential to reach ro-bust marine bacteria with different biotechnological applications.
文摘Purpose: There have been many studies on the effects of different types of backpacks on posture from a biomechanical perspective and on the center of gravity. Considering the effects of autonomic nervous system activity and mood associated with backpacks in mountaineering and hiking, research is also needed from a psychological perspective. In this study, the effects of adjusting the backpack shoulder stabilizer were preliminarily tested in terms of subjective fatigue and changes in autonomic nervous activity after hiking. Methods: The experimental 15 healthy participants hiked the mountain under two conditions: 1) without adjusting the stabilizer, a feature of the backpack (NAH condition), and 2) with the stabilizer adjusted (AH condition). First, all participants hiked the mountain in the NAH condition, and after a 30-minute break, they began the hike in the AH condition after confirming that a) their heart rate had recovered and b) they were in good physical condition. Results: HR was significantly lower after each hiking session than during the session. RMSSD was significantly lower pre-AH and post-AH than the NAH condition, but there was no significant difference between the NAH condition and either post-NAH or post-AH. Additionally, RMSSD was significantly lower in the AH condition than pre-AH or post-AH. The shoulders and back were significantly more burdened in the NAH condition than in the AH condition. The pleasure level was significantly higher in the AH condition than in the NAH condition. Conclusion: The results showed that also adjusting the position of the waist belt when adjusting the shoulder stabilizer, which is mainly used for the neck and shoulders, has a significant positive effect on the subjective burden on the upper body and parasympathetic nervous system activity after hiking.
文摘A series of new water-soluble bifunctional comonomers having both carboxyl and alkyl polyoxyethylene groups, such as sodium mono(ethyl polyoxyethylene) maleate (ZE series) with various molecular weights of polyoxyethylene ethyl ether, were synthesized and characterized. The effects of the structural factor, the amount and feeding mode of the comonomers, the initiator concentration and polymerization temperature on the stability of emulsifier-free emulsion copolymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) and butyl acrylate (BA) in the presence of a small amount of ZE with potassium persulfate as initiator were investigated. Stable, almost monodispersed MMA/BA/ZE emulsifier-free latex particles were prepared.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(12201118)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2023A1515010706)。
文摘We investigate a class of non-integrable two-particle Calogero-Moser systems modulated by a power-law external potential.The local well-posedness of the Cauchy problem is established under the strict initial separation condition for the particles.For suitably prepared initial configurations,local solutions can be extended globally via energy conservation;conversely,negative energy conditions induce(in)finite-time blowup.The linear(in)stability of stationary solutions is analyzed,with their energy serving as a threshold.Numerical investigations employ a fourth-order Runge-Kutta scheme with adaptive step-size control.Simulations demonstrate that the trajectories either converge to steady states or exhibit blowup,depending on the power exponent α and initial conditions.Increasingαaccelerates the convergence rate and dampens oscillatory dynamics,promoting a transition from periodic behavior to static equilibrium.
文摘Quantitative real-time PCR(qPCR)is widely used for gene expression analysis,but its accuracy critically depends on stable internal reference genes for normalization.In marine invertebrates,especially non-model taxa such as cephalopods,systematic evaluation of reference genes is limited,leading to potential bias.The cuttlefish Sepiella japonica is ecologically and economically important in China,yet previous molecular studies have often relied on single unvalidated reference genes,which may compromise data reliability.This study aimed to systematically evaluate the stability of five commonly used reference genes(18S,ef-1α,ef-1γ,gapdh,andβ-actin)across multiple tissues and sexes of S.japonica,and to identify the most suitable reference genes and optimal number for qPCR normalization.Fifteen to sixteen tissue types were collected from ten healthy adults(five males and five females).Total RNA was extracted,reverse-transcribed,and analyzed by qPCR.Gene stability was assessed using four algorithms(geNorm,NormFinder,BestKeeper,andΔCt)integrated with RefFinder,and the optimal gene number was determined using geNorm pairwise variation(V_(n/n+1)<0.15).Four transcriptome-derived genes(creld2,cd109,acy1,and miox)were used for validation.The C_(t)values of the five genes ranged from 15.47 to 20.83.β-actin and gapdh showed pronounced variability in expression stability among tissues and sexes,indicating their limited suitability for normalization.18S exhibited the highest expression(mean C_(t):15.47-16.29)and lowest variability but displayed sex-biased expression,whereas ef-1αand ef-1γremained consistently stable across most tissues in both sexes,with ef-1αbeing the most robust and showing no sex-related bias.Although specific rankings varied among tissues and sexes,the comprehensive results indicated that ef-1αand ef-1γpossessed the highest overall stability,followed by 18S,whileβ-actin and gapdh were the least stable.The final comprehensive rankings were ef-1γ>ef-1α>18S>gapdh>β-actin(male)and ef-1α>ef-1γ>18S>gapdh>β-actin(female).geNorm analysis(V2/3<0.15)indicated that two genes,mainly ef-1αand ef-1γ,were generally sufficient for reliable normalization in most tissues.Validation confirmed that normalization using the stable ef-1αand ef-1γaccurately reflected the expression differences among tissues,whereasβ-actin and gapdh can bias or confound statistical analyses.ef-1αand ef-1γare identified as the most reliable reference gene combination for qPCR analysis in S.japonica,while 18S can serve as an auxiliary gene for within-sex comparisons.The use ofβ-actin or gapdh alone is not recommended.This study establishes a systematic framework for selecting reliable reference genes in S.japonica,thereby facilitating robust qPCR normalization and providing a foundation for future gene expression research in S.japonica and other cephalopods.
文摘Phenolic compound such as resveratrol has been suggested to prevent cancer and heart diseases because of its anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities[1].However,therapeutic application of resveratrol is quite limited due to its poor solubility,low bioavailability,photosensitive and auto-oxidation properties[2].The aim of this study was to prepare resveratrolloaded emulsions using pectin as an emulsifier.The emulsions should be stable for up to 7 days,before further manufacturing processes.
基金sponsored by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52308466)SASAC Science and Technology Innovation Project(JF-23-01-0063)Shaanxi Provincial Transportation Research Project(25-84 K,25-85 K).
文摘In recent years,the amount of waste generated during milling has increased dramatically,and improper disposal poses a significant environmental challenge.To mitigate environmental pollution and enhance the road performance of emulsified asphalt cold recycled mixtures(ECRM),this study employed recycled asphalt pavement(RAP)and reclaimed inorganic binder stabilized aggregate(RAI)as dual recycled materials for ECRM preparation.The blending ratios of reclaimed base and surface layer mixtures significantly influence ECRM's performance,with adjusted proportions substantially improving compressive strength and dynamic modulus.Firstly,three distinct proportioning options were developed for the recycled materials.Mix designs incorporating varying RAP/RAI ratios were used to determine the optimal mix parameters:moisture content,cement dosage,and emulsified asphalt content.Subsequently,comprehensive performance evaluations were conducted through high-temperature wheel tracking tests,freeze-thaw splitting tests,uniaxial compression tests,and dynamic modulus measurements to analyze the pavement characteristics of the three ECRM formulations.Experimental results demonstrate:Compared with ECRM with a blending ratio of RAP:RAI:new aggregate=30:50:20(Option 1),the dynamic stability,freeze-thaw splitting strength ratio,compressive strength,and compressive resilient modulus of ECRM under Option 3(RAP:RAI:new aggregate=50:30:20)decreased by 31.8%,5.2%,16.4%,and 13.1%,respectively.This indicates that increasing RAP content while reducing RAI proportion enhances the tensile strength of ECRM,yet adversely affects its high-temperature stability,moisture resistance,and compressive performance.This work not only addresses the challenge of jointly utilizing asphalt pavement waste and base waste,but also provides a cost-effective and sustainable method for the stable application of milling material resources in road engineering.
基金funding support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52304101 and 52204153)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2023MD734215)+2 种基金the Youth Talent Support Program of Xi’an Association for Science and Technology(No.959202413070)the Key Research and Development Program of Shaanxi(No.2023-LL-QY-07)the Key Research and Development Program of Zhejiang(No.2023C03182).
文摘Backfill is routinely adopted as a ground support measure for underground mines.However,ground stability enhancement by backfill has received limited research attention.This is likely to be because of the conventional assumption that the fill material exhibits a significantly lower stiffness than the host rocks.Significantly,a recent pioneering work revealed the time-dependent ground stability around a backfilled stope with vertical walls through numerical modeling.In practice,underground stopes typically exhibit a higher or lower degree of inclination.This alters the stress state in peripheral rocks and may induce severe instability and dilution,particularly in stope-hanging walls.Hence,it is imperative to analyze the time-dependent ground stability of inclined backfilled stopes for backfill structure design.Therefore,comprehensive numerical simulations were performed using FLAC3D to address this knowledge deficiency by incorporating a coupled analysis of the backfill consolidation behavior and long-term creep deformation in surrounding rocks.The ground stability was evaluated based on the confinement effectiveness,strength-stress ratio,stress path relative to the yield surface,and time-dependent stress redistribution in the rocks.A parametric study revealed that the inclination angle of the backfilled stope reduced the confinement effectiveness in the host rocks when the wall creep was minor.This exacerbated the rock mass sloughing potential.However,a backfilled stope with a shallower dip angle achieved superior ground stability enhancement when the creep deformation was substantial,by applying a more significant compression on the backfill and effectively mobilizing its passive support performance during consolidation.Additional simulations were conducted to analyze the effects of stope height and width,mine depth,mechanical properties of rocks,backfill compressibility,and filling gap on the time-dependent stress redistribution and stability around the inclined backfilled stope.
文摘AIM:To investigate the effects of binocular fusional C-optotypes(positive/negative)and 2D planar C-optotypes on the amplitude and stability of transient accommodation(TAC)in adults,and to provide a basis for non-contact myopia intervention.METHODS:This was a self-controlled study.Using redblue 3D technology,four experimental stages were set up:Test A[fixating on the 1 m negative fusional C-optotypes,8△base-in(BI)],Test B(fixating on the 5 m planar C-optotypes),Test C(fixating on the 1 m planar C-optotypes),and Test D[fixating on the 1 m positive fusional C-optotypes,20△base-out(BO)].A WAM-5500 open-field autorefractor was used to measure TAC and accommodative microfluctuations[evaluated via interquartile range(IQR)and median-based coefficient of variation(CVmed)].Additionally,the convergence accommodation to convergence(CA/C)ratio was calculated,and a visual fatigue questionnaire was administered to assess participants’subjective visual comfort.RESULTS:A total of 21 subjects(7 males,14 females;aged 23-41y)with normal binocular visual function were enrolled.The results showed that the TAC increased gradually across the four stages,and these values were Test A(-0.35±0.26 D)<Test B(-0.46±0.24 D)<Test C(-0.77±0.32 D)<Test D(-1.38±0.31 D).There were significant overall differences(F=56.136,P<0.001).Compared with Test C,Test A reduced TAC by 0.42 D(P<0.05),while Test D increased it by 0.61 D(P<0.001).There was no significant intergroup difference in accommodative fluctuation amplitude(all P>0.05),but the fluctuation stability of Test D showed a significant difference between the first 20s and the second 20s(P=0.017).The CA/C ratio was significantly higher in Test D(0.05±0.02 D/△)than in Test A(0.03±0.02 D/△,P=0.007),indicating stronger accommodation-convergence linkage during positive fusional fixation.The visual fatigue scores of all stages were low(median 0-1),with Test D slightly higher than Test B and Test C(P<0.05).No linear correlation was found between TAC and age(all r<0.1,P>0.05).CONCLUSION:Negative fusional C-optotypes induce ciliary muscle relaxation to reduce TAC,while positive fusional C-optotypes enhance accommodation-convergence coordination to increase TAC.The red-blue 3D-based noncontact training mode exhibits good safety(median visual fatigue scores:0-1 across all tests)and provides a novel dual-directional(relaxation-activation)strategy for myopia prevention and control.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2023YFC3707200)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22306191 and 52270112).
文摘Selective catalytic reduction with NH3(NH3-SCR)is an important means of NO_(x) abatement from stationary and mobile sources,and the key element is efficient and stable NH3-SCR catalysts.In this study,we propose a method to construct superior Fe-Beta catalysts based on Al-rich zeolites.This strategy successfully promotes the formation of NH3-SCR-active isolated Fe^(3+)species,thus effectively improving the low-temperature activity of the Fe-Beta catalysts.Thanks to the abundant Brønsted acid sites of the Al-rich zeolite,the Fe_(2)O_(3) particles are redispersed and anchored as isolated Fe^(3+)during hydrothermal aging.This dynamic evolution of Fe species makes up for the adverse effect of dealumination of the Al-rich zeolite framework and achieves high stability for the Al-rich Fe-Beta catalyst.This study may promote the understanding of highly efficient and stable catalyst design using Al-rich zeolites.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China[82003956]the National Key Research and Development Program of China[No.2022YFA1205802]+2 种基金financially supported by Henan Province Health Science and Technology Innovation Youth Talent Project(YQRC2023013 and YQRC2024013)the Key Project of Medical Science and Technology of Henan Province(SBGJ202302072)the Science and Technology Research Project of Henan Province(252102311236).
文摘Single-atom nanozymes(SAzymes)exhibit exceptional catalytic efficiency due to their maximized atom utilization and precisely modulated metalcarrier interactions,which have attracted significant attention in the biomedical field.However,stability issues may impede the clinical translation of SAzymes.This review provides a comprehensive overview of the applications of SAzymes in various biomedical fields,including disease diagnosis(e.g.,biosensors and diagnostic imaging),antitumor therapy(e.g.,photothermal therapy,photodynamic therapy,sonodynamic therapy,and immunotherapy),antimicrobial therapy,and anti-oxidative stress therapy.More importantly,the existing challenges of SAzymes are discussed,such as metal atom clustering and active site loss,ligand bond breakage at high temperature,insufficient environment tolerance,biosecurity risks,and limited catalytic long-term stability.Finally,several innovative strategies to address these stability concerns are proposed—synthesis process optimization(space-limited strategy,coordination site design,bimetallic synergistic strategy,defect engineering strategy,atom stripping-capture),surface modification,and dynamic responsive design—that collectively pave the way for robust,clinically viable SAzymes.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.52308352)the Jiangxi Provincial Natural Science Foundation (Grant Nos.20242BAB25299,20232BAB214082)。
文摘One of the research hotspots in geotechnical engineering is the solidification of problematic soil foundations. However, the traditional materials, such as Portland cement, lime, and various types of chemical solutions, typically cause CO_(2) emissions and environmental pollution. Geopolymer is a newly proposed method for soil solidification, offering an environmentally friendly and effective solution. Given that soils typically consist of diverse compositions, an optimal soil stabilization technique should be versatile enough to be applied across various soil types, ensuring consistent strength outcomes with minimal variations among different soil compositions. In this study, three commonly used geopolymers(fly ash, ground granulated blast-furnace slag, and metakaolin) were utilized to stabilize silt, loess, silica sand, calcareous sand, and gravel, representing a diverse range of soils. The mechanical properties and microstructures of both geopolymers and geopolymerstabilized soils were analyzed. The findings indicated that the strength of stabilized coarse cohesionless soils was primarily influenced by the mechanical properties of the geopolymers themselves, with minimal impact from the inherent properties of the soil. However, the effectiveness of stabilizing cohesive soil may show significant discrepancies compared to the mechanical properties of geopolymer materials when certain types of geopolymers, like metakaolin, are employed. Higher strength is typically achieved through a denser structure(with fewer pores) and the presence of products with a higher degree of polymerization. Additionally, ground granulated blast-furnace slag exhibited excellent stability and superior strength when compared to other types of geopolymers. The present research establishes a basis for selecting geopolymers to stabilize a range of soils, including those with non-uniform compositions and diverse components.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12261081).
文摘In this paper,we are concerned with the stability of traveling wavefronts of a Belousov-Zhabotinsky model with mixed nonlocal and degenerate diffusions.Such a system can be used to study the competition among nonlocally diffusive species and degenerately diffusive species.We prove that the traveling wavefronts are exponentially stable,when the initial perturbation around the traveling waves decays exponentially as x→-∞,but in other locations,the initial data can be arbitrarily large.The adopted methods are the weighted energy with the comparison principle and squeezing technique.
基金supported by the Chongqing Water Conservancy Science and Technology Project(grant number:CQSLK-202329)the Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing,China(grant number:CSTB2022NSCQ-MSX0991)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant number:52378327)the Chongqing Natural Science Foundation Innovation Development Joint Fund(grant number:CSTB2022NSCQ-LZX0049)。
文摘Rock slope instability is a prevalent geological hazard that imposes significant adverse impacts on engineering activities.Although existing studies have focused on homogeneous rock slopes,the theoretical models for quantifying the stability of softhard interbedded anti-inclined slopes remain underdeveloped,primarily due to the complex force transfer mechanisms involved.This study proposed a novel theoretical model for the stability analysis of soft-hard interbedded anti-inclined slopes under rainfall conditions.The framework models stratified rock layers as layered cantilever beams with material heterogeneity.Based on the principle of deformation compatibility,it comprehensively accounted for interlayer force transfer and strength degradation resulting from differential deformations among rock layers.Furthermore,it integrated the critical instability length induced by the self-weight of rock layers to determine the fracture depth.The proposed method was validated against engineering case studies and physical model tests,with error falling within an acceptable range.Compared to existing theoretical methods,the proposed method provided a more realistic representation of the slope's stress field.The analysis results demonstrate that rainfall not only reduces the inclination angle of the failure surface but also leads to an approximate 30%decrease in the safety factor.The proposed theoretical model is particularly useful for quickly calculating the stability of soft-hard interbedded anti-inclined rock slope under rainfall conditions,compared to complex and time-consuming numerical simulation calculations.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.12102321 and 52192633)the Natural Science Basic Research Plan in Shaanxi Province of China(No.2025JCYBMS-050)。
文摘A design idea for single-component metamaterial plates is proposed to achieve the thermal stability of flexural wave bandgap by the perforated and pre-curved patterns.The band structure analysis suggests that perforation can release part of the in-plane thermal expansion to weaken the softening effect of thermal stress.Introducing precurved components to the perforated structure will stop the decrement of the bandgap frequency in thermal environment,and even make the frequency higher with appropriate structural parameters.The bending stiffness of the heated plate is enhanced by the thermal deflection induced stiffening effect of the pre-curved components.The segmented pre-curved component presents a strong ability to resist the thermal influence on the flexural wave bandgap.A simplified model is established for the local structure of the precurved component.The theoretical calculations explain the thermally induced frequency increment of the bandgap and the discrepancy in the thermal response between the two pre-curved models.The transmittance of flexural wave validates the effectiveness of the proposed design.
