Objective:To develop and demonstrate a comprehensive methodological framework for target trial emulation(TTE)implementation via post-laparoscopic septic shock fluid management as a clinical case study.Methods:We desig...Objective:To develop and demonstrate a comprehensive methodological framework for target trial emulation(TTE)implementation via post-laparoscopic septic shock fluid management as a clinical case study.Methods:We designed a simulated study of 10,000 patients in which colloid resuscitation was compared with crystalloid resuscitation.The framework incorporated precise eligibility criteria,standardized intervention protocols,and balanced treatment allocation with temporal anchoring.The primary analyses focused on 28-day mortality and were evaluated through survival analysis and comparative statistics.Results:The methodological framework successfully demonstrated the systematic implementation of TTE principles,providing reproducible protocols for eligibility determination,intervention standardization,and outcome assessment in observational studies.Conclusion:This work bridges the gap between TTE theory and practice by providing a detailed technical roadmap that enhances methodological transparency and reproducibility in comparative effectiveness research.展开更多
This paper presents a space network emulation system based on a user-space network stack named Nos to solve space networks'unique architecture and routing issues and kernel stacks'inefficiency and development ...This paper presents a space network emulation system based on a user-space network stack named Nos to solve space networks'unique architecture and routing issues and kernel stacks'inefficiency and development complexity.Our low Earth orbit satellite scenario emulation verifies the dynamic routing function of the protocol stack.The proposed system uses technologies like Open vSwitch(OVS)and traffic control(TC)to emulate the space network's highly dynamic topology and time-varying link characteristics.The emulation results demonstrate the system's high reliability,and the user-space network stack reduces development complexity and debugging difficulty,providing convenience for the development of space network protocols and network functions.展开更多
The proliferation of heterogeneous networks,such as the Internet of Things(IoT),unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)networks,and edge networks,has increased the complexity of network operation and administration,driving the e...The proliferation of heterogeneous networks,such as the Internet of Things(IoT),unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)networks,and edge networks,has increased the complexity of network operation and administration,driving the emergence of digital twin networks(DTNs)that create digital-physical network mappings.While DTNs enable performance analysis through emulation testbeds,current research focuses on network-level systems,neglecting equipment-level emulation of critical components like core switches and routers.To address this issue,we propose v Fabric(short for virtual switch),a digital twin emulator for high-capacity core switching equipment.This solution implements virtual switching and network processor(NP)chip models through specialized processes,deployable on single or distributed servers via socket communication.The v Fabric emulator can realize the accurate emulation for the core switching equipment with 720 ports and 100 Gbit/s per port on the largest scale.To our knowledge,this represents the first digital twin emulation framework specifically designed for large-capacity core switching equipment in communication networks.展开更多
An emulating environment for network management of the space network was presented. The emulating environment was developed with node-link model. The nodes of the satellite entities were controlled by the controlling ...An emulating environment for network management of the space network was presented. The emulating environment was developed with node-link model. The nodes of the satellite entities were controlled by the controlling network, which consist of sets of HLA/RTI based federates. These federates described the different aspect of the attributes of the satellites, such as orbit coordinate, routing table and the chain budget. We described the architecture of the emulation environment and the software design of federates. We measured the response time of the protocol data units and verified the detecting of the network topology in the environment. The environment was open that the on board router and the simulator of satellite link which developed by third party could be integrated.展开更多
A new high-level langusge,B96,which is compiling-type and MCS-96 single chip computer series oriented ,has recently been designed and implemented by the authors. This paper discusses its design thought and its impleme...A new high-level langusge,B96,which is compiling-type and MCS-96 single chip computer series oriented ,has recently been designed and implemented by the authors. This paper discusses its design thought and its implementation. The paper also accounts for the design of B96/8096/8098 IDDEE,a software Integrated Debugging & Developing Environment of Emulation,which is used to debug and develop 8096/8098 assemble language and/or B96 high-level language source program on PC-based emulating platform.展开更多
EMulate Therapeutics has developed a system for emulating the effects of solvated molecules via their magnetic field recordings. Recordings of magnetic field emissions of select small inhibitor RNAs (siRNAs;murine tar...EMulate Therapeutics has developed a system for emulating the effects of solvated molecules via their magnetic field recordings. Recordings of magnetic field emissions of select small inhibitor RNAs (siRNAs;murine targeting CTLA-4 and murine targeting PD-1) were tested on C57Bl/6 mice implanted subcutaneously with the GL261 murine tumor cell line. A signal composed of concatenated recordings of siRNA molecules targeting the murine CTLA-4 and PD-1 receptors (labeled A2) was used in immune competent C57Bl/6 mice. The mice were flank implanted with the murine glioblastoma cell line GL261. Mice were exposed to the signal continuously (24 hours a day) until tumor volumes reached the designated volume limit. Tumors were excised and analyzed via PAGE/Western blot for the expression of CTLA-4, PD-1, Ki67, Caspase 3, CD4 and CD8. Terminal blood draws were used for CBCs. We report the down regulation of the checkpoint inhibitors CTLA-4 in the exposed mice. Significant tumor volume reduction was observed in mice exposed to the siRNA signal compared to control mice;no adverse events were recorded. Cell blood counts (CBC) and protein expression patterns were observed to correlate with the expected function of protein expression inhibition of the targets.展开更多
eMule是建立在点对点(peer to peer)技术上,以eDonkey协议为基础的文件共享软件。eMule的集中程度是混合性的,并非是完全无中心服务器。文章从协议的角度论述了eMule是如何实现文件共享,分析了客户端到服务器端、客户端到客户端之间的TC...eMule是建立在点对点(peer to peer)技术上,以eDonkey协议为基础的文件共享软件。eMule的集中程度是混合性的,并非是完全无中心服务器。文章从协议的角度论述了eMule是如何实现文件共享,分析了客户端到服务器端、客户端到客户端之间的TCP通讯、UDP通讯的原理及相关的信息序列图。展开更多
基金Zhongheng Zhang received funding from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82272180,82472243)the China National Key Research and Development Program(2023YFC3603104)+5 种基金the Huadong Medicine Joint Funds of the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(LHDMD24H150001)the China National Key Research and Development Program(2022YFC2504500)a collaborative scientific project co-established by the Science and Technology Department of the National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine and the Zhejiang Provincial Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine(GZY-ZJKJ-24082)the General Health Science and Technology Program of Zhejiang Province(2024KY1099)Project of Zhejiang University Longquan Innovation Center(ZJDXLQCXZCJBGS2024016)Hongying Ni received funding from Jinhua Science and Technology Planning Project(2024-3-047).
文摘Objective:To develop and demonstrate a comprehensive methodological framework for target trial emulation(TTE)implementation via post-laparoscopic septic shock fluid management as a clinical case study.Methods:We designed a simulated study of 10,000 patients in which colloid resuscitation was compared with crystalloid resuscitation.The framework incorporated precise eligibility criteria,standardized intervention protocols,and balanced treatment allocation with temporal anchoring.The primary analyses focused on 28-day mortality and were evaluated through survival analysis and comparative statistics.Results:The methodological framework successfully demonstrated the systematic implementation of TTE principles,providing reproducible protocols for eligibility determination,intervention standardization,and outcome assessment in observational studies.Conclusion:This work bridges the gap between TTE theory and practice by providing a detailed technical roadmap that enhances methodological transparency and reproducibility in comparative effectiveness research.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.62131012ZTE Industry-University-Institute Cooperation Funds under Grant No.IA20230712005。
文摘This paper presents a space network emulation system based on a user-space network stack named Nos to solve space networks'unique architecture and routing issues and kernel stacks'inefficiency and development complexity.Our low Earth orbit satellite scenario emulation verifies the dynamic routing function of the protocol stack.The proposed system uses technologies like Open vSwitch(OVS)and traffic control(TC)to emulate the space network's highly dynamic topology and time-varying link characteristics.The emulation results demonstrate the system's high reliability,and the user-space network stack reduces development complexity and debugging difficulty,providing convenience for the development of space network protocols and network functions.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)under Grant Nos.62171085,62272428,62001087,U20A20156,and 61871097the ZTE Industry-University-Institute Cooperation Funds under Grant No.HC-CN-20220722010。
文摘The proliferation of heterogeneous networks,such as the Internet of Things(IoT),unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)networks,and edge networks,has increased the complexity of network operation and administration,driving the emergence of digital twin networks(DTNs)that create digital-physical network mappings.While DTNs enable performance analysis through emulation testbeds,current research focuses on network-level systems,neglecting equipment-level emulation of critical components like core switches and routers.To address this issue,we propose v Fabric(short for virtual switch),a digital twin emulator for high-capacity core switching equipment.This solution implements virtual switching and network processor(NP)chip models through specialized processes,deployable on single or distributed servers via socket communication.The v Fabric emulator can realize the accurate emulation for the core switching equipment with 720 ports and 100 Gbit/s per port on the largest scale.To our knowledge,this represents the first digital twin emulation framework specifically designed for large-capacity core switching equipment in communication networks.
文摘An emulating environment for network management of the space network was presented. The emulating environment was developed with node-link model. The nodes of the satellite entities were controlled by the controlling network, which consist of sets of HLA/RTI based federates. These federates described the different aspect of the attributes of the satellites, such as orbit coordinate, routing table and the chain budget. We described the architecture of the emulation environment and the software design of federates. We measured the response time of the protocol data units and verified the detecting of the network topology in the environment. The environment was open that the on board router and the simulator of satellite link which developed by third party could be integrated.
基金The Project is supported by The Natural Science Fund of Jiangsu Province Education Committee.
文摘A new high-level langusge,B96,which is compiling-type and MCS-96 single chip computer series oriented ,has recently been designed and implemented by the authors. This paper discusses its design thought and its implementation. The paper also accounts for the design of B96/8096/8098 IDDEE,a software Integrated Debugging & Developing Environment of Emulation,which is used to debug and develop 8096/8098 assemble language and/or B96 high-level language source program on PC-based emulating platform.
文摘EMulate Therapeutics has developed a system for emulating the effects of solvated molecules via their magnetic field recordings. Recordings of magnetic field emissions of select small inhibitor RNAs (siRNAs;murine targeting CTLA-4 and murine targeting PD-1) were tested on C57Bl/6 mice implanted subcutaneously with the GL261 murine tumor cell line. A signal composed of concatenated recordings of siRNA molecules targeting the murine CTLA-4 and PD-1 receptors (labeled A2) was used in immune competent C57Bl/6 mice. The mice were flank implanted with the murine glioblastoma cell line GL261. Mice were exposed to the signal continuously (24 hours a day) until tumor volumes reached the designated volume limit. Tumors were excised and analyzed via PAGE/Western blot for the expression of CTLA-4, PD-1, Ki67, Caspase 3, CD4 and CD8. Terminal blood draws were used for CBCs. We report the down regulation of the checkpoint inhibitors CTLA-4 in the exposed mice. Significant tumor volume reduction was observed in mice exposed to the siRNA signal compared to control mice;no adverse events were recorded. Cell blood counts (CBC) and protein expression patterns were observed to correlate with the expected function of protein expression inhibition of the targets.
文摘eMule是建立在点对点(peer to peer)技术上,以eDonkey协议为基础的文件共享软件。eMule的集中程度是混合性的,并非是完全无中心服务器。文章从协议的角度论述了eMule是如何实现文件共享,分析了客户端到服务器端、客户端到客户端之间的TCP通讯、UDP通讯的原理及相关的信息序列图。
