Microalloyed linepipe steels were first introduced in 1959 at strength levels around 52-60 ksi [1] [2].The steels were generally strengthened by niobium or vanadium used singly.As strengths levels increased to X-70 in...Microalloyed linepipe steels were first introduced in 1959 at strength levels around 52-60 ksi [1] [2].The steels were generally strengthened by niobium or vanadium used singly.As strengths levels increased to X-70 in the early 1970’s niobium and vanadium were used in combination and controlled rolling was introduced on a broad basis.Higher strengths decrease tolerance for impurities and non-metallic inclusions which required improved steelmaking practices.Sulfur,carbon,and nitrogen were reduced and continuous casting was increasingly applied which required improved ladle refining and deoxidation practices.Niobium-molybdenum steels were introduced by IPSCO in 1972 [3] and by Italsider in 1974 [4].Steels with higher niobium contents were also introduced in the early 1970’s but available steelmaking technologies limited the use of optimum niobium to carbon ratios,i.e.those approaching stoichiometry.Nevertheless the steels benefited from the effect of niobium in retarding austenite recrystallization at relatively high rolling temperatures and they developed attractive combinations of strength and toughness in old manufacturing facilities using simple (relaxed) rolling schedules.Fluctuations in the price of molybdenum and vanadium in the past decade and expanded application of API Grade X-80 linepipe,have led to more widespread use of niobium contents up to 0.11 percent,in combination with 0.02-0.03 percent carbon (near stoichiometry) thus maximizing the effects of solute niobium during rolling,in lowering transformation temperature,and thereby reducing reliance on other alloying,often expensive,elements.The history of these developments will be presented and applications of the concept will be summarized.展开更多
In 2009, NRR will emphasis on novel findings in the mechanism research of nerve cells and tissue regeneration, involved in structure change, interactions and specific properties of nerve cells and tissue elements duri...In 2009, NRR will emphasis on novel findings in the mechanism research of nerve cells and tissue regeneration, involved in structure change, interactions and specific properties of nerve cells and tissue elements during development and disease. The journal has focused on research concerning the histomorphological changes of nerve cells, neural tissue engineering and neurodegeneration, and also the pathophysiological changes during nerve cells and tissue regeneration with treatment of traditional Chinese medicine.展开更多
In 2009, NRR will emphasis on novel findings in the mechanism research of nerve cells and tissue regeneration, involved in structure change, interactions and specific properties of nerve cells and tissue elements duri...In 2009, NRR will emphasis on novel findings in the mechanism research of nerve cells and tissue regeneration, involved in structure change, interactions and specific properties of nerve cells and tissue elements during development and disease. The journal has focused on research concerning the histomorphological changes of nerve cells, neural tissue engineering and neurodegeneration, and also the pathophysiological changes during nerve cells and tissue regeneration with treatment of traditional Chinese medicine. NRR publishes original contributions written by experts and leaders in the fields of neuroanatomy, pathology, physiology, biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and auxanology approaches to examine neural regeneration research;展开更多
In 2009, NRR will emphasis on novel findings in the mechanism research of nerve cells and tissue regeneration, involved in structure change, interactions and specific properties of nerve cells and tissue elements duri...In 2009, NRR will emphasis on novel findings in the mechanism research of nerve cells and tissue regeneration, involved in structure change, interactions and specific properties of nerve cells and tissue elements during development and disease. The journal has focused on research concerning the histomorphological changes of nerve cells, neural tissue engineering and neurodegeneration, and also the pathophysiological changes during nerve cells and tissue regeneration with treatment of traditional Chinese medicine.展开更多
The latest research achievements will be presented in each periodical, including articles concerning cerebral structure and function, spinal structure and function, and peripheral nerve structure and function.
In 2009, NRR will emphasis on novel findings in the mechanism research of nerve cells and tissue regeneration, involved in structure change, interactions and specific properties of nerve cells and tissue elements duri...In 2009, NRR will emphasis on novel findings in the mechanism research of nerve cells and tissue regeneration, involved in structure change, interactions and specific properties of nerve cells and tissue elements during development and disease. The journal has focused on research concerning the histomorphological changes of nerve cells, neural tissue engineeringand neurodegeneration, and also the pathophysiological changes during nerve cells and tissue regeneration with treatment of traditional Chinese medicine.展开更多
In 2009, NRR will emphasis on novel findings in the mechanism research of nerve cells and tissue regeneration, involved in structure change, interactions and specific properties of nerve ceils and tissue elements duri...In 2009, NRR will emphasis on novel findings in the mechanism research of nerve cells and tissue regeneration, involved in structure change, interactions and specific properties of nerve ceils and tissue elements during development and disease. The joumal has focused on research concerning the histomorphological changes of nerve cells, neural tissue engineering and neurodegeneration, and also the pathophysiological changes during nerve cells and tissue regeneration with treatment of traditional Chinese medicine.展开更多
In 2009, NRR will emphasis on novel findings in the mechanism research of nerve cells and tissue regeneration, involved in structure change, interactions and specific properties of nerve cells
In 2009, NRR will emphasis on novel findings in the mechanism research of nerve cells and tissue regeneration, involved in structure change, interactions and specific properties of nerve cells and tissue elements duri...In 2009, NRR will emphasis on novel findings in the mechanism research of nerve cells and tissue regeneration, involved in structure change, interactions and specific properties of nerve cells and tissue elements during development and展开更多
The latest research achievements will be presented in each periodical, including articles concerning cerebral structure and function, spinal structure and function, and peripheral nerve structure and function.
In 2009, NRR will emphasis on novel findings in the mechanism research of nerve cells and tissue regeneration, involved in structure change, interactions and specific properties of nerve cells and tissue elements duri...In 2009, NRR will emphasis on novel findings in the mechanism research of nerve cells and tissue regeneration, involved in structure change, interactions and specific properties of nerve cells and tissue elements during development and disease. The journal has focused on research concerning the histomorphological changes of nerve cells, neural tissue engineering and neurodegeneration, and also the pathophysioiogical changes during nerve cells and tissue regeneration with treatment of traditional Chinese medicine.展开更多
In 2009, NRR will emphasis on novel findings in the mechanism research of nerve cells and tissue regeneration, involved in structure change, interactions and specific properties of nerve cells and tissue elements duri...In 2009, NRR will emphasis on novel findings in the mechanism research of nerve cells and tissue regeneration, involved in structure change, interactions and specific properties of nerve cells and tissue elements during development and disease. The journal has focused on research concerning the histomorphological changes of nerve cells, neural tissue engineering and neurodegeneration, and also the pathophysiological changes during nerve cells and tissue regeneration with treatment of traditional Chinese medicine.展开更多
The latest research achievements will be presented in each periodical, including articles conceming cerebral structure and function, spinal structure and function, and peripheral nerve structure and function.
The latest research achievements will be presented in each periodical, including articles conceming cerebral structure and function, spinal structure and function, and peripheral nerve structure and function.
The H7 subtype avian influenza viruses, including H7N2, HTN3 and HTN7, have posed a public health threat worldwide. Except one H7N7 fatal case in the Netherlands in 2003, the other H7 human cases have resulted in self...The H7 subtype avian influenza viruses, including H7N2, HTN3 and HTN7, have posed a public health threat worldwide. Except one H7N7 fatal case in the Netherlands in 2003, the other H7 human cases have resulted in self-limiting conjunc- tivitis or mild upper respiratory illness.展开更多
ZTE Corporation released its 2002 annualreport on March 12, 2003, proclaimingthat its main business line revenue andnet profit reached 11 billion RMB and0.57 billion RMB respectively.As a major manufacturer of telecom...ZTE Corporation released its 2002 annualreport on March 12, 2003, proclaimingthat its main business line revenue andnet profit reached 11 billion RMB and0.57 billion RMB respectively.As a major manufacturer of telecommunica-tion equipment in China, ZTE constantly putsemphasis on R&D so as to forge competitiveedge.Establishing Scientific Management展开更多
Dysfunctional audit behavior （DAB） is an accepted problem, associated with decreased audit quality. This study develops and tests a theoretical model that identifies factors contributing to DAB. Budget emphasis, lea...Dysfunctional audit behavior （DAB） is an accepted problem, associated with decreased audit quality. This study develops and tests a theoretical model that identifies factors contributing to DAB. Budget emphasis, leadership behavior structure and consideration, and effectiveness of audit review were examined as antecedents of attitudes toward DAB. The findings produced consistent evidence in support of the theoretical model. It is not an emphasis on meeting budgets that leads to undesirable behavior, but contextual variables, such as leadership behavior structure and effectiveness of audit review.展开更多
This paper examines audit reports issued to 39 Malaysian listed companies in financial distress categorized as Practice Note 17 （PNI7） companies by Bursa Malaysia. The study finds that for companies which experience...This paper examines audit reports issued to 39 Malaysian listed companies in financial distress categorized as Practice Note 17 （PNI7） companies by Bursa Malaysia. The study finds that for companies which experienced financial distress, the audit reports are not similar, despite all companies are similarly troubled financially. Companies receive either a disclaimer or an emphasis of matter （EOM） report. The study finds that which of the two reports is given is associated with three variables： current-year operating loss, shareholders＇ deficit, and default status, implying that audit reports do convey information that financial distress is not of the same level and severity among PN 17 companies.展开更多
文摘Microalloyed linepipe steels were first introduced in 1959 at strength levels around 52-60 ksi [1] [2].The steels were generally strengthened by niobium or vanadium used singly.As strengths levels increased to X-70 in the early 1970’s niobium and vanadium were used in combination and controlled rolling was introduced on a broad basis.Higher strengths decrease tolerance for impurities and non-metallic inclusions which required improved steelmaking practices.Sulfur,carbon,and nitrogen were reduced and continuous casting was increasingly applied which required improved ladle refining and deoxidation practices.Niobium-molybdenum steels were introduced by IPSCO in 1972 [3] and by Italsider in 1974 [4].Steels with higher niobium contents were also introduced in the early 1970’s but available steelmaking technologies limited the use of optimum niobium to carbon ratios,i.e.those approaching stoichiometry.Nevertheless the steels benefited from the effect of niobium in retarding austenite recrystallization at relatively high rolling temperatures and they developed attractive combinations of strength and toughness in old manufacturing facilities using simple (relaxed) rolling schedules.Fluctuations in the price of molybdenum and vanadium in the past decade and expanded application of API Grade X-80 linepipe,have led to more widespread use of niobium contents up to 0.11 percent,in combination with 0.02-0.03 percent carbon (near stoichiometry) thus maximizing the effects of solute niobium during rolling,in lowering transformation temperature,and thereby reducing reliance on other alloying,often expensive,elements.The history of these developments will be presented and applications of the concept will be summarized.
文摘In 2009, NRR will emphasis on novel findings in the mechanism research of nerve cells and tissue regeneration, involved in structure change, interactions and specific properties of nerve cells and tissue elements during development and disease. The journal has focused on research concerning the histomorphological changes of nerve cells, neural tissue engineering and neurodegeneration, and also the pathophysiological changes during nerve cells and tissue regeneration with treatment of traditional Chinese medicine.
文摘In 2009, NRR will emphasis on novel findings in the mechanism research of nerve cells and tissue regeneration, involved in structure change, interactions and specific properties of nerve cells and tissue elements during development and disease. The journal has focused on research concerning the histomorphological changes of nerve cells, neural tissue engineering and neurodegeneration, and also the pathophysiological changes during nerve cells and tissue regeneration with treatment of traditional Chinese medicine. NRR publishes original contributions written by experts and leaders in the fields of neuroanatomy, pathology, physiology, biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and auxanology approaches to examine neural regeneration research;
文摘In 2009, NRR will emphasis on novel findings in the mechanism research of nerve cells and tissue regeneration, involved in structure change, interactions and specific properties of nerve cells and tissue elements during development and disease. The journal has focused on research concerning the histomorphological changes of nerve cells, neural tissue engineering and neurodegeneration, and also the pathophysiological changes during nerve cells and tissue regeneration with treatment of traditional Chinese medicine.
文摘The latest research achievements will be presented in each periodical, including articles concerning cerebral structure and function, spinal structure and function, and peripheral nerve structure and function.
文摘In 2009, NRR will emphasis on novel findings in the mechanism research of nerve cells and tissue regeneration, involved in structure change, interactions and specific properties of nerve cells and tissue elements during development and disease. The journal has focused on research concerning the histomorphological changes of nerve cells, neural tissue engineeringand neurodegeneration, and also the pathophysiological changes during nerve cells and tissue regeneration with treatment of traditional Chinese medicine.
文摘In 2009, NRR will emphasis on novel findings in the mechanism research of nerve cells and tissue regeneration, involved in structure change, interactions and specific properties of nerve ceils and tissue elements during development and disease. The joumal has focused on research concerning the histomorphological changes of nerve cells, neural tissue engineering and neurodegeneration, and also the pathophysiological changes during nerve cells and tissue regeneration with treatment of traditional Chinese medicine.
文摘In 2009, NRR will emphasis on novel findings in the mechanism research of nerve cells and tissue regeneration, involved in structure change, interactions and specific properties of nerve cells
文摘In 2009, NRR will emphasis on novel findings in the mechanism research of nerve cells and tissue regeneration, involved in structure change, interactions and specific properties of nerve cells and tissue elements during development and
文摘The latest research achievements will be presented in each periodical, including articles concerning cerebral structure and function, spinal structure and function, and peripheral nerve structure and function.
文摘In 2009, NRR will emphasis on novel findings in the mechanism research of nerve cells and tissue regeneration, involved in structure change, interactions and specific properties of nerve cells and tissue elements during development and disease. The journal has focused on research concerning the histomorphological changes of nerve cells, neural tissue engineering and neurodegeneration, and also the pathophysioiogical changes during nerve cells and tissue regeneration with treatment of traditional Chinese medicine.
文摘In 2009, NRR will emphasis on novel findings in the mechanism research of nerve cells and tissue regeneration, involved in structure change, interactions and specific properties of nerve cells and tissue elements during development and disease. The journal has focused on research concerning the histomorphological changes of nerve cells, neural tissue engineering and neurodegeneration, and also the pathophysiological changes during nerve cells and tissue regeneration with treatment of traditional Chinese medicine.
文摘The latest research achievements will be presented in each periodical, including articles conceming cerebral structure and function, spinal structure and function, and peripheral nerve structure and function.
文摘The latest research achievements will be presented in each periodical, including articles conceming cerebral structure and function, spinal structure and function, and peripheral nerve structure and function.
基金supported by a Combination Project of Guangdong Province from Guangdong Provincial Department of Science and Technology, China (Grant No. 2010B091000018)Emergency Response Project of Ministry of Science and Technology of China (Grant No. KJYJ-2013-01-05)+1 种基金the National Science and Technology Major Project of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (Grant Nos. 2014ZX10004006, 2013ZX09201021 and 2013ZX09304102)the National Key Technology R&D Program of the 12th National Five-year Development Plan (Grant No. 2012BAI05B01)
文摘The H7 subtype avian influenza viruses, including H7N2, HTN3 and HTN7, have posed a public health threat worldwide. Except one H7N7 fatal case in the Netherlands in 2003, the other H7 human cases have resulted in self-limiting conjunc- tivitis or mild upper respiratory illness.
文摘ZTE Corporation released its 2002 annualreport on March 12, 2003, proclaimingthat its main business line revenue andnet profit reached 11 billion RMB and0.57 billion RMB respectively.As a major manufacturer of telecommunica-tion equipment in China, ZTE constantly putsemphasis on R&D so as to forge competitiveedge.Establishing Scientific Management
文摘Dysfunctional audit behavior （DAB） is an accepted problem, associated with decreased audit quality. This study develops and tests a theoretical model that identifies factors contributing to DAB. Budget emphasis, leadership behavior structure and consideration, and effectiveness of audit review were examined as antecedents of attitudes toward DAB. The findings produced consistent evidence in support of the theoretical model. It is not an emphasis on meeting budgets that leads to undesirable behavior, but contextual variables, such as leadership behavior structure and effectiveness of audit review.
文摘This paper examines audit reports issued to 39 Malaysian listed companies in financial distress categorized as Practice Note 17 （PNI7） companies by Bursa Malaysia. The study finds that for companies which experienced financial distress, the audit reports are not similar, despite all companies are similarly troubled financially. Companies receive either a disclaimer or an emphasis of matter （EOM） report. The study finds that which of the two reports is given is associated with three variables： current-year operating loss, shareholders＇ deficit, and default status, implying that audit reports do convey information that financial distress is not of the same level and severity among PN 17 companies.
