The impacts of the meteorological condition and emissions reduction on the aerosol concentration over the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei(BTH) region during the COVID-19 lockdown were analyzed by conducting three numerical expe...The impacts of the meteorological condition and emissions reduction on the aerosol concentration over the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei(BTH) region during the COVID-19 lockdown were analyzed by conducting three numerical experiments,including one with the meteorological field in 2019 and MEIC-2019(2019 monthly Multi-resolution Emissions Inventory for China),one with the meteorological field in 2020 and MEIC-2019,and one with the meteorological field in 2020 and MEIC-2020,via a WRF-Chem model.The numerical experiments were performed from 3 to 16 February in 2019 and in 2020,during which a severe fog-haze event(3-16 February 2020) occurred in the BTH region,with a simulated maximum daily PM2.5 of 245μg m-3 in Tangshan and 175μg m-3 in Beijing.The results indicate that the daily PM2.5 decreased by 5-150μg m-3 due to the emissions reduction and increased by 10-175 μg m-3 due to the meteorological condition in Beijing,Shijiazhuang,Cangzhou,Handan,Hengshui,Chengde,Zhangjiakou,and Tangshan from 7 to 14 February.For the horizontal distribution,PM2.5 and different aerosol species concentrations from 7 to 14 February 2020 increased compared with those during the same period in 2019,indicating that the accumulation of pollutants caused by the unfavorable meteorological condition offset the decreases caused by the emissions reduction,leading to the high aerosol concentration during the COVID-19 lockdown.展开更多
China has achieved economic growth while great carbon emissions reduction in recent years. Amid China＇s effort to reduce emissions, the Five-Year Plans have guided and motivated local and foreign forces from the gove...China has achieved economic growth while great carbon emissions reduction in recent years. Amid China＇s effort to reduce emissions, the Five-Year Plans have guided and motivated local and foreign forces from the government, industries, and society to work together. This paper showed that a mediumehigh economic growth gate, industry structure adjustment, and energy structure adjustment, which are guaranteed under the Five-Year Plan, all contribute to energy saving in China. The economy entered a stable growing phase during the 12 th Five-Year Plan, while the economic growth rate declined to 7.8% from 11.2% in the 11 th Five-Year Plan. Simultaneously, the CO2 emissions growth rate declined from8.32%（2009-2012 mean） to 1.82%（2012-2014 mean）. Industrial structure adjustment canceled out nearly one-third of the CO2 emissions caused by economic growth. Under the 13 th Five-Year Plan, China will continue its energy saving efforts on the green development path, with greener quotas, a stricter implementation process, and more key projects.展开更多
The impact of environmental regulation on technology innovation is a hot spot in current research where a large number of empirical studies are based on Porter Hypothesis(PH). However, there are still controversies in...The impact of environmental regulation on technology innovation is a hot spot in current research where a large number of empirical studies are based on Porter Hypothesis(PH). However, there are still controversies in academia about the establishment of "weak" and "narrow" versions of PH. Based on the panel data of application for patent of energy conservation and emission reduction(ECER) technology of Chinese city scale during 2008-2014, comprehensive energy price, pollutant emission, etc., mixed regression model and systematic generalized method of moments method were adopted, respectively,to study the impact of market-oriented and command-and-control policy tool on China's ECER technology innovation. The results show that the environmental regulation hindered the technological innovation in the immediate phase; however, it turned out to be positive in the first-lag phase. Hence, the establishment of "weak" PH is time-bounded. The command-and-control policy tool played a more positive role in promoting technological innovation in the first-lag phase than market-oriented policy tool. Therefore, "narrow" PH is not tenable. The reason is that the main participants of China's ECER technology innovation are state-owned companies and public institutions. Regionally speaking, the impact which command-and-control policy tool has on technological innovation at sight was nonsignificant in the eastern, the central, and the western regions of China whilst market-oriented policy tool had a negative effect. And market-oriented policy tool in the central region had strongest negative effect, which would diminish in the eastern region and become weakest in the western region. This was related to regional energy consumption level and the market economic vitality.展开更多
Based on the total-factor energy efficiency framework,this paper calculates China's industrial energy efficiency and CO2 emissions reduction potential from 2000 to 2009 by utilizing the directional distance functi...Based on the total-factor energy efficiency framework,this paper calculates China's industrial energy efficiency and CO2 emissions reduction potential from 2000 to 2009 by utilizing the directional distance function and data envelopment analysis.The empirical results show that:China's industrial overall energy efficiency is relatively lower while the emis-sions reduction potential is relatively greater,given the optimum production frontier.Significant indus-trial disparities of energy efficiency and emissions reduction potential exist.Energy efficiency and emis-sions reduction potential significantly show different tendencies of industrial dynamic variation.This paper suggests the Chinese government impose differential carbon taxes,flexibly utilize carbon market mecha-nism,strengthen energy-saving technological R&D,promote the utilization of renewable energy,and strengthen environmental supervision and regulation,so as to improve China's industrial energy efficiency and reduce CO2 emissions.展开更多
This paper analyzes current urban symbiosis development and application in China, and then conducts a statistical analysis of the emissions reduction of CO2 and CH4 in relation to recovery of iron and steel scraps, wa...This paper analyzes current urban symbiosis development and application in China, and then conducts a statistical analysis of the emissions reduction of CO2 and CH4 in relation to recovery of iron and steel scraps, waste paper, and waste plastics from 2011 to 2014 using the greenhouse gas（GHG） emission inventory calculation method provided by the IPCC. Results indicate that the cumulative recovery of renewable resources during China＇s main urban symbiosis development in 2011-2014 was 803.275 Mt, and the amount of iron and steel scraps, waste paper, and waste plastic recovery was the largest, respectively accounting for 62.2%, 18.0%, and 8.2% of total recovery in 2014. In addition, the cumulative emissions reduction of GHGs in relation to recovery of iron and steel scraps, waste paper, and waste plastics in 2011-2014 was27.962 Mt CO2-eq, 954.695 Mt CO2-eq, and 22.502 Mt CO2-eq, respectively, thereby totaling 1005.159 Mt CO2-eq. Results show a remarkable GHG emissions reduction during 2011-2014.展开更多
Current energy conservation and emissions reduction strategies in iron and steel industry were reviewed. Since foundry industry is one of the major source of energy consumption and pollution emission (especially CO 2 ...Current energy conservation and emissions reduction strategies in iron and steel industry were reviewed. Since foundry industry is one of the major source of energy consumption and pollution emission (especially CO 2 ), issues concerning energy-saving and emission-reduction have been raised by governments and the industry. Specialists from around the world carried out multidimensional analyses and evaluation on the potentials in energy conservation and emissions reduction in iron and steel industry, and proposed various kinds of analyzing models. The primary measures mainly focus on the targeted policies formulation and also on clean and highefficient technologies development. The differences and similarities in energy conservation and emission reduction in foundry industry between China and other countries were discussed, while, the future development trend was also pointed out.展开更多
Fossil-fuel burning greenhouse gas induced global warming has been recognized as global environmental problems,reduce and ultimately control the energy production in the use of CO_2 emissions, global energy production...Fossil-fuel burning greenhouse gas induced global warming has been recognized as global environmental problems,reduce and ultimately control the energy production in the use of CO_2 emissions, global energy production will be a major challenge.As a highly intensive materials and energy,iron and steel enterprises,need to be invested to produce one ton of steel about two tons of material and 0.7 t of standard coal energy,and while producing two tons of CO_2.Therefore,reducing CO_2 emissions from iron and steel industry has become the focus of the global steel industry.This paper describes an integrated domestic and international measures to control carbon dioxide emissions research progress and future technology trends, with emphasis on the domestic steel industry emissions of carbon dioxide status of technology development and industrialization of implementation of the proposed on this basis,including dry quenching technology, gas,power generation,coal moisture control technology,blast furnace injection plastics technology,the use of coking process for treating municipal waste plastics technology,sintering heat generation,low pressure saturated steam for power generation,metallurgical slag heat recovery technology,coke oven gas hydrogen technology and the other key technologies energy saving technologies,including the development,promotion and popularization of the steel industry in China will be the CO_2 emission reduction technology direction and focus.At this stage,the Chinese steel industry can be improved the energy efficiency and recycling of waste heat and energy,reduce unit GDP,CO_2 emissions;but in the long run,should increase CO_2 capture and storage on the input of technology can possible effective control of the adverse effects of CO_2 emissions.展开更多
This study addresses the comparative carbon emissions of different transportation modes within a unified evaluation framework,focusing on their carbon footprints from inception to disposal.Specifically,the entire life...This study addresses the comparative carbon emissions of different transportation modes within a unified evaluation framework,focusing on their carbon footprints from inception to disposal.Specifically,the entire life cycle carbon emissions of High-Speed Rail(HSR),battery electric vehicles,conventional internal combustion engine vehicles,battery electric buses,and conventional internal combustion engine buses are analyzed.The life cycle is segmented into vehicle manufacturing,fuel or electricity production,operational,and dismantlingrecycling stages.This analysis is applied to the Beijing-Tianjin intercity transportation system to explore emission reduction strategies.Results indicate that HSR demonstrates significant carbon emission reduction,with an intensity of only 24%-32% compared to private vehicles and 47%-89% compared to buses.Notably,HSR travel for Beijing-Tianjin intercity emits only 24% of private vehicle emissions,demonstrating the emission reduction benefits of transportation structure optimization.Additionally,predictive modeling reveals the potential for carbon emission reduction through energy structure optimization,providing a guideline for the development of effective transportation management systems.展开更多
Sintering is the process that emits the most pollutants in ironmaking,including CO,SO_(2),NO_(x),and dioxins.Flue gas circulation sintering technology can not only reduce the emissions of various pollutants but also d...Sintering is the process that emits the most pollutants in ironmaking,including CO,SO_(2),NO_(x),and dioxins.Flue gas circulation sintering technology can not only reduce the emissions of various pollutants but also decrease the consumption of solid fuels.Therefore,it is necessary to summarize and discuss the research status of flue gas circulation technology.Firstly,the research status,advantages,and disadvantages of five typical flue gas circulation processes and their effects on the emission of different pollutants were analyzed.Then,the impact of O_(2),CO,SO_(2),and temperature in the circulating gas during the sintering flue gas circulation process on the quality of sinter and their reasonable ranges was summarized,and the formation mechanisms of CO_(x),NO_(x),SO_(2),and dioxins during the sintering process were discussed.Furthermore,the optimization and improvement of flue gas circulation technology in recent years were introduced.Finally,issues related to element enrichment,equipment improvements,and fine particulate matter emissions in the flue gas circulation process were reviewed,providing a reference for the optimal application of flue gas circulation sintering technology in the future.展开更多
As the EU's carbon border tax approaches implementation and Generation Z increasingly prioritizes sustainability in their purchasing decisions,ESG has evolved from a moral concern to business survival challenges.B...As the EU's carbon border tax approaches implementation and Generation Z increasingly prioritizes sustainability in their purchasing decisions,ESG has evolved from a moral concern to business survival challenges.By analyzing the latest ESG reports released by prominent apparel brands in the China garment industry,including Bosideng,Anta,Youngor,Li-Ning,and Lilanz,we can see it’s not about a series of emission reduction data but a comprehensive innovation encompassing products,processes,and the entire value chain.展开更多
The Northeast Plain in China ranks among the top five regions that have been significantly impacted by haze pollution.To effectively control pollution,it is crucial to accurately assess the effects of emission reducti...The Northeast Plain in China ranks among the top five regions that have been significantly impacted by haze pollution.To effectively control pollution,it is crucial to accurately assess the effects of emission reduction measures.In this study,we analyzed surveillance data and found substantial decreases(ranging from 19.0%to 50.1%)in average annual mass concentrations of key pollutants(such as CO,SO_(2),NO_(2),and PM_(2.5))in the Northeast Plain from 2016 to 2020.To precisely determine the contributions of meteorological conditions and emission reductions to the improvement of air quality in the Northeast Plain,we conducted three scenario simulations.By comparing source emissions in December 2016 and 2020 using the WRF-Chem model(except for SO_(2)),we observed significant reductions of 21.3%,8.8%,and 9.8%in mass concentrations of PM_(2.5),NO_(2),and CO,respectively,from 2016 to 2020.This highlights the essential role that meteorological conditions play in determining air quality in the Northeast Plain.Moreover,further reducing source emissions by 30%in December 2016 resulted in subsequent reductions of 25.3%,29.0%,4.5%,and 30.3%in mass concentrations of PM_(2.5),SO_(2),NO_(2),and CO,respectively,under the same meteorological conditions.Notably,source emission reduction was effective for PM_(2.5),SO_(2),and CO,but not for NO_(2).The improvement in air quality in the Northeast Plain from 2016 to 2020 can be attributed to the combined effects of improved meteorological conditions and reduced pollution sources.展开更多
Recently,the transportation sector in China has gradually become the main source of urban air pollution and primary driver of carbon emissions growth.Considering air pollutants and greenhouse gases come from the same ...Recently,the transportation sector in China has gradually become the main source of urban air pollution and primary driver of carbon emissions growth.Considering air pollutants and greenhouse gases come from the same emission sources,it is necessary to establish an updated high-resolution emission inventory for the transportation sector in Central China,themost polluted region in China.The inventory includes on-road mobile,non-roadmobile,oil storage and transportation,and covers 9 types of air pollutants and 3 types of greenhouse gases.Based on the Long-range Energy Alternatives Planning System(LEAP)model,the emissions of pollutants were predicted for the period from2020 to 2035 in different scenarios.Results showed that in 2020,emissions of SO_(2),NO_(x),CO,PM_(10),PM_(2.5),VOCs,NH_(3),BC,OC,CO_(2),CH_(4),and N_(2)O in Henan Province were 27.5,503.2,878.6,20.1,17.4,222.1,21.5,9.4,2.9,92,077.9,6.0,and 10.4 kilotons,respectively.Energy demand and pollutant emissions in Henan Province are simulated under four scenarios(Baseline Scenario(BS),Pollution Abatement Scenario(PA),Green Transportation Scenario(GT),and Reinforcing Low Carbon Scenario(RLC)).The collaborative emission reduction effect is most significant in the RLC scenario,followed by the GT scenario.By 2035,under the RLC scenario,energy consumption and emissions of SO_(2),NO_(x),CO,PM_(10),PM_(2.5),VOCs,NH_(3),CO_(2),CH_(4),and N_(2)O are projected to decrease by 72.0%,30.0%,55.6%,56.0%,38.6%,39.7%,51.5%,66.1%,65.5%,55.4%,and 52.8%,respectively.This study provides fundamental data support for subsequent numerical simulations.展开更多
Metallurgical slag is a waste or by-product of the metallurgical process,and its improper disposal can pose negative environmental impacts,including groundwater and soil contamination.The composition and properties of...Metallurgical slag is a waste or by-product of the metallurgical process,and its improper disposal can pose negative environmental impacts,including groundwater and soil contamination.The composition and properties of metallurgical slag are complex,which is usually difficult to use or process directly and requires special treatment and utilization methods.Taking converter slag and blast furnace slag as examples,the research frontiers and development potential were primarily discussed and analyzed in three aspects:the recycling within and outside metallurgical slag plants,the extraction and utilization of thermal energy from metallurgical slag,and the functionalization and social application of metallurgical slag.The metallurgical slag waste heat recovery includes chemical methods and physical methods.Among them,the physical method currently most used was centrifugal granulation to recover heat.Chemical laws could recover hydrogen through the waste heat of metallurgical slag,which could save fuel and reduce CO_(2) generated by fuel combustion.Metallurgical slag is rich in alkaline metal oxides,which can undergo a carbonation reaction with CO_(2) to achieve carbon sequestration in metallurgical slag.Elements such as iron,phosphorus,and silicon contained in metallurgical slag could be used in soil conditioners,cement raw materials,and wastewater treatment.For example,the phosphorus element in the slag could be extracted by melt modification followed by acid leaching and used as a raw material for phosphate fertilizer.Therefore,under the background of China’s carbon neutrality goal,it is important to develop the key technologies of waste heat utilization of metallurgical slag and carbon sequestration of metallurgical slag.展开更多
Under the background of resource shortage and global warming,it is of great significance to explore the status,influencing factors and carbon emission reduction effect of waste recycling in China after the implementat...Under the background of resource shortage and global warming,it is of great significance to explore the status,influencing factors and carbon emission reduction effect of waste recycling in China after the implementation of new waste classification policy for guiding waste classification and carbon emission accounting.In this research,the temporal and spatial changes and influencing factors of waste recycling were studied from subdistrict level,life-cycle carbon emission reduction was predicted and policy suggestions for waste recycling were proposed.The results showed that after the implementation of new waste classification policy,the amount of recycled waste and the proportion of low-value recycled waste increased by 420.93 t and 2.29%per month on average,respectively.The district center has the largest amount of recycled waste.Income was the main factors affecting waste recycling,and online shopping and takeout could become important sources of recyclable waste.Accounting cradle-to-grave life cycle carbon footprint,waste plastics takes up the most contribution,accounting for 39.11%,and nearly 391.68 Mt CO_(2eq) would be reduced by waste recycling in China by 2030.Therefore,in the process of waste classification,refining waste classification to increase the amount of low-value recyclables,and rationally deploying collection and transportation vehicles to ensure efficient waste recycling are of great significance to achieve the goal of“carbon peaking and carbon neutrality”.展开更多
We used observed concentrations of air pollutants,reanalyzed meteorological parameters,and results from the Goddard Earth Observing System Chemical Transport Model to examine the relationships between concentrations o...We used observed concentrations of air pollutants,reanalyzed meteorological parameters,and results from the Goddard Earth Observing System Chemical Transport Model to examine the relationships between concentrations of maximum daily 8-h average ozone(MDA8 O_(3)),PM_(2.5)(particulate matter with diameter of 2.5μm or less),and PM_(2.5)components and 2-m temperature(T2)or relative humidity(RH),as well as the effectiveness of precursor emission reductions on the control of O_(3) and PM_(2.5) in Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei(BTH)under different summertime temperature and humidity conditions.Both observed(simulated)MDA8 O_(3) and PM_(2.5) concentrations increased as T2 went up,with linear trends of 4.8(3.2)ppb℃^(−1) and 1.9(1.5)μg m^(−3)℃^(−1),respectively.Model results showed that the decreases in MDA8 O_(3) from precursor emission reductions were more sensitive to T2 than to RH.Reducing a larger proportion of volatile organic compound(VOC)emissions at higher T2 was more effective for the control of summertime O_(3) in BTH.For the control of summertime PM_(2.5) in BTH,reducing nitrogen oxides(NOx)combined with a small proportion of VOCs was the best measure.The magnitude of reduction in PM_(2.5) from reducing precursor emissions was more sensitive to RH than to T2,with the best efficiency at high RH.Results from this study are helpful for formulating effective policies to tackle O_(3) and PM_(2.5) pollution in BTH.展开更多
The biased allocation of emission reduction target constraints quantifies emission reduction responsibilities and reflects differences in pollutant reductions both across and within cities.This approach represents a s...The biased allocation of emission reduction target constraints quantifies emission reduction responsibilities and reflects differences in pollutant reductions both across and within cities.This approach represents a systematic innovation aims to enhance China’s green competitiveness and facilitate its economic transformation through localized and precise policymaking.Using panel data from 275 Chinese cities spanning 2000-2022,this study applies the difference-in-differences method to estimate the impact of biased allocation of emission reduction target constraints on urban green competitiveness.The findings indicate that such constraints-whether based on chemical oxygen demand or sulfur dioxide targets-significantly improve urban green competitiveness,with both pollutant-specific constraints producing comparable effects.Furthermore,these constraints exhibit significant spatial spillover effects within a 200-km geographical radius.Heterogeneity analysis reveals stronger policy impacts in resource-based cities,eastern regions,and cities designated as key areas for pollution prevention and control.Mechanism analysis demonstrates that the constraints enhance green competitiveness primarily by fostering green technological innovation and optimizing industrial structures.These conclusions provide a practical foundation for addressing China’s enduring conflict between environmental protection and economic development.展开更多
Carbon dioxide is the main factor causing the greenhouse effect,and reducing carbon dioxide emissions is an important task in ecological civilization governance.The audit of outgoing officials'natural resource ass...Carbon dioxide is the main factor causing the greenhouse effect,and reducing carbon dioxide emissions is an important task in ecological civilization governance.The audit of outgoing officials'natural resource asset management is an audit of the natural resources within the jurisdiction of each province to ensure that senior officials implement policies to protect natural resources.Therefore,this paper empirically verifies the impact of audit outgoing officials'natural resource asset management on carbon emission reduction based on panel data of 297 prefecture-level cities in China from 2012 to 2021.The study finds that auditing outgoing officials'natural resource asset management can effectively reduce carbon dioxide emissions and achieve energy conservation and emission reduction.Further research finds that auditing outgoing officials'natural resource asset management can promote technological innovation and industrial structure optimization,providing a reference for the country to achieve carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals and promote the green transformation and upgrading of social development.展开更多
The nested-grid capability of the global chemical transport model GEOS-Chem, with a horizontal resolution of 1/4°× 5/16° （latitude x longitude）, was used to identify the chemical species whose reducti...The nested-grid capability of the global chemical transport model GEOS-Chem, with a horizontal resolution of 1/4°× 5/16° （latitude x longitude）, was used to identify the chemical species whose reductions made the largest contributions to decreases in PM2.s concentrations （fine particulate matter, diameter 〈 2.5μm, defined in this study as the sum of sulfate, nitrate, ammonium, black carbon, and organic carbon aerosols） in Beijing during the 2014 Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation （APEC） summit. A number of numerical experiments were carried out for the period 15 October-29 November 2014. The model reproduced the observed daily variations of concentrations of PM2.s and gas-phase species （carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, and sulfur dioxide）. Simulated PM2.s concentrations decreased by 55.9%-58.5% during the APEC period, compared to other periods in October and November 2014, which agreed closely with measurements. Sensitivity results showed that emissions control measures regarding nitrogen oxides and organic carbon over North China led to the largest reductions in PM2.s concentrations in Beijing during the APEC summit, which led to overall reductions in the PM2.5 concentration of Beijing by 5.7% and 4.6%, respectively. The control of ammonia emissions was found to be able to greatly reduce PM2.5 concentrations in the whole of North China during the APEC meeting.展开更多
As an important transportation infrastructure and transportation backbone in China,high-speed rail(HSR)plays a critical role in promoting the development of green and low-carbon transportation.Calculating the CO_(2) e...As an important transportation infrastructure and transportation backbone in China,high-speed rail(HSR)plays a critical role in promoting the development of green and low-carbon transportation.Calculating the CO_(2) emissions reduction performance of HSR will be conduci v e to pr omote the CO_(2) emissions r eduction w ork of the r ail w ay.Based on the Dalkic HSR CO_(2) emissions r eduction performance model,by adjusting the HSR CO_(2) emission factor(CEF HSR),the annual times of departures(T)and other parameters,this study develops a Chinese HSR CO_(2) emissions reduction performance model.Taking the Beijing-Shanghai HSR as the resear c h object,this study conducts a questionnaire survey to explore the substitution effect and demand effect of HSR on different transportation modes;collects data such as passenger v olume,av era ge electricity use and annual times of departures of the Beijing-Shanghai HSR in 2019;and calculates the CO_(2) emissions reduction performance of the Beijing-Shanghai HSR.This study has two main results:(1)It builds a Chinese HSR CO_(2) emissions reduction performance model based on substitution effect and demand effect.(2)In 2019,the CO_(2) emissions of the Beijing-Shanghai HSR are 2898233.62 t,the CO_(2) emissions reduction performance of the Beijing-Shanghai HSR is 17999482.8 t,the annual CO_(2) emissions of the Beijing-Shanghai line in‘No HSR’case are 7.2 times as in the’HSR’case and the PKT of the HSR is 10.2 g/pkm.Based on the research results,this study proposes three CO_(2) emissions reduction policy suggestions.This study would be helpful for further HSR CO_(2) emissions reduction resear c h and departments related to railway transportation management to make CO_(2) emissions reduction policies.展开更多
The treatment of domestic and industrial wastewater is one of the major sources of CH_4 in the Chinese waste sector. On the basis of statistical data and country-specific emission factors, using IPCC methodology, the ...The treatment of domestic and industrial wastewater is one of the major sources of CH_4 in the Chinese waste sector. On the basis of statistical data and country-specific emission factors, using IPCC methodology, the characteristics of CH_4 emissions from wastewater treatment in China were analyzed. The driving factors of CH_4 emissions were studied, and the emission trend and reduction potential were predicted and analyzed according to the current situation. Results show that in 2010, CH_4 emissions from the treatment of domestic and industrial wastewater were0.6110 Mt and 1.6237 Mt, respectively. Eight major industries account for more than 92% of emissions, and CH_4 emissions gradually increased from 2005 to 2010. From the controlling management scenario, we predict that in 2020, CH_4 emissions from the treatment of domestic and industrial wastewater will be 1.0136 Mt and 2.3393 Mt, respectively, and the reduction potential will be 0.0763 Mt and 0.2599 Mt, respectively.From 2010 to 2020, CH_4 emissions from the treatment of domestic and industrial wastewater will increase by 66% and 44%, respectively.展开更多
基金This study was supported by the National Key R&D Program of China[grant number 2017YFB0503901)the National Natural Science Foundation of China[grant numbers 41830109 and 41830966]the Major Scientific and Technological Innovation Projects of Shandong Province[grant number 2018YFJH0901].
文摘The impacts of the meteorological condition and emissions reduction on the aerosol concentration over the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei(BTH) region during the COVID-19 lockdown were analyzed by conducting three numerical experiments,including one with the meteorological field in 2019 and MEIC-2019(2019 monthly Multi-resolution Emissions Inventory for China),one with the meteorological field in 2020 and MEIC-2019,and one with the meteorological field in 2020 and MEIC-2020,via a WRF-Chem model.The numerical experiments were performed from 3 to 16 February in 2019 and in 2020,during which a severe fog-haze event(3-16 February 2020) occurred in the BTH region,with a simulated maximum daily PM2.5 of 245μg m-3 in Tangshan and 175μg m-3 in Beijing.The results indicate that the daily PM2.5 decreased by 5-150μg m-3 due to the emissions reduction and increased by 10-175 μg m-3 due to the meteorological condition in Beijing,Shijiazhuang,Cangzhou,Handan,Hengshui,Chengde,Zhangjiakou,and Tangshan from 7 to 14 February.For the horizontal distribution,PM2.5 and different aerosol species concentrations from 7 to 14 February 2020 increased compared with those during the same period in 2019,indicating that the accumulation of pollutants caused by the unfavorable meteorological condition offset the decreases caused by the emissions reduction,leading to the high aerosol concentration during the COVID-19 lockdown.
基金supported by the "study of Green space management system and protection" of mechanism Economic Development Research Center of State Forestry Administration (ZDWT-2014-3)
文摘China has achieved economic growth while great carbon emissions reduction in recent years. Amid China＇s effort to reduce emissions, the Five-Year Plans have guided and motivated local and foreign forces from the government, industries, and society to work together. This paper showed that a mediumehigh economic growth gate, industry structure adjustment, and energy structure adjustment, which are guaranteed under the Five-Year Plan, all contribute to energy saving in China. The economy entered a stable growing phase during the 12 th Five-Year Plan, while the economic growth rate declined to 7.8% from 11.2% in the 11 th Five-Year Plan. Simultaneously, the CO2 emissions growth rate declined from8.32%（2009-2012 mean） to 1.82%（2012-2014 mean）. Industrial structure adjustment canceled out nearly one-third of the CO2 emissions caused by economic growth. Under the 13 th Five-Year Plan, China will continue its energy saving efforts on the green development path, with greener quotas, a stricter implementation process, and more key projects.
文摘The impact of environmental regulation on technology innovation is a hot spot in current research where a large number of empirical studies are based on Porter Hypothesis(PH). However, there are still controversies in academia about the establishment of "weak" and "narrow" versions of PH. Based on the panel data of application for patent of energy conservation and emission reduction(ECER) technology of Chinese city scale during 2008-2014, comprehensive energy price, pollutant emission, etc., mixed regression model and systematic generalized method of moments method were adopted, respectively,to study the impact of market-oriented and command-and-control policy tool on China's ECER technology innovation. The results show that the environmental regulation hindered the technological innovation in the immediate phase; however, it turned out to be positive in the first-lag phase. Hence, the establishment of "weak" PH is time-bounded. The command-and-control policy tool played a more positive role in promoting technological innovation in the first-lag phase than market-oriented policy tool. Therefore, "narrow" PH is not tenable. The reason is that the main participants of China's ECER technology innovation are state-owned companies and public institutions. Regionally speaking, the impact which command-and-control policy tool has on technological innovation at sight was nonsignificant in the eastern, the central, and the western regions of China whilst market-oriented policy tool had a negative effect. And market-oriented policy tool in the central region had strongest negative effect, which would diminish in the eastern region and become weakest in the western region. This was related to regional energy consumption level and the market economic vitality.
文摘Based on the total-factor energy efficiency framework,this paper calculates China's industrial energy efficiency and CO2 emissions reduction potential from 2000 to 2009 by utilizing the directional distance function and data envelopment analysis.The empirical results show that:China's industrial overall energy efficiency is relatively lower while the emis-sions reduction potential is relatively greater,given the optimum production frontier.Significant indus-trial disparities of energy efficiency and emissions reduction potential exist.Energy efficiency and emis-sions reduction potential significantly show different tendencies of industrial dynamic variation.This paper suggests the Chinese government impose differential carbon taxes,flexibly utilize carbon market mecha-nism,strengthen energy-saving technological R&D,promote the utilization of renewable energy,and strengthen environmental supervision and regulation,so as to improve China's industrial energy efficiency and reduce CO2 emissions.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (4150050140)the Special Fund for Environmental Protection Research in the Public Interest (201509004)
文摘This paper analyzes current urban symbiosis development and application in China, and then conducts a statistical analysis of the emissions reduction of CO2 and CH4 in relation to recovery of iron and steel scraps, waste paper, and waste plastics from 2011 to 2014 using the greenhouse gas（GHG） emission inventory calculation method provided by the IPCC. Results indicate that the cumulative recovery of renewable resources during China＇s main urban symbiosis development in 2011-2014 was 803.275 Mt, and the amount of iron and steel scraps, waste paper, and waste plastic recovery was the largest, respectively accounting for 62.2%, 18.0%, and 8.2% of total recovery in 2014. In addition, the cumulative emissions reduction of GHGs in relation to recovery of iron and steel scraps, waste paper, and waste plastics in 2011-2014 was27.962 Mt CO2-eq, 954.695 Mt CO2-eq, and 22.502 Mt CO2-eq, respectively, thereby totaling 1005.159 Mt CO2-eq. Results show a remarkable GHG emissions reduction during 2011-2014.
基金supported by Guangdong Major Science and Technology Specific Project, grant number2008A080800022
文摘Current energy conservation and emissions reduction strategies in iron and steel industry were reviewed. Since foundry industry is one of the major source of energy consumption and pollution emission (especially CO 2 ), issues concerning energy-saving and emission-reduction have been raised by governments and the industry. Specialists from around the world carried out multidimensional analyses and evaluation on the potentials in energy conservation and emissions reduction in iron and steel industry, and proposed various kinds of analyzing models. The primary measures mainly focus on the targeted policies formulation and also on clean and highefficient technologies development. The differences and similarities in energy conservation and emission reduction in foundry industry between China and other countries were discussed, while, the future development trend was also pointed out.
文摘Fossil-fuel burning greenhouse gas induced global warming has been recognized as global environmental problems,reduce and ultimately control the energy production in the use of CO_2 emissions, global energy production will be a major challenge.As a highly intensive materials and energy,iron and steel enterprises,need to be invested to produce one ton of steel about two tons of material and 0.7 t of standard coal energy,and while producing two tons of CO_2.Therefore,reducing CO_2 emissions from iron and steel industry has become the focus of the global steel industry.This paper describes an integrated domestic and international measures to control carbon dioxide emissions research progress and future technology trends, with emphasis on the domestic steel industry emissions of carbon dioxide status of technology development and industrialization of implementation of the proposed on this basis,including dry quenching technology, gas,power generation,coal moisture control technology,blast furnace injection plastics technology,the use of coking process for treating municipal waste plastics technology,sintering heat generation,low pressure saturated steam for power generation,metallurgical slag heat recovery technology,coke oven gas hydrogen technology and the other key technologies energy saving technologies,including the development,promotion and popularization of the steel industry in China will be the CO_2 emission reduction technology direction and focus.At this stage,the Chinese steel industry can be improved the energy efficiency and recycling of waste heat and energy,reduce unit GDP,CO_2 emissions;but in the long run,should increase CO_2 capture and storage on the input of technology can possible effective control of the adverse effects of CO_2 emissions.
基金the financial support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U2268208)Science and Technology Program of China National Railway Group Co.,Ltd.(N2022×037).
文摘This study addresses the comparative carbon emissions of different transportation modes within a unified evaluation framework,focusing on their carbon footprints from inception to disposal.Specifically,the entire life cycle carbon emissions of High-Speed Rail(HSR),battery electric vehicles,conventional internal combustion engine vehicles,battery electric buses,and conventional internal combustion engine buses are analyzed.The life cycle is segmented into vehicle manufacturing,fuel or electricity production,operational,and dismantlingrecycling stages.This analysis is applied to the Beijing-Tianjin intercity transportation system to explore emission reduction strategies.Results indicate that HSR demonstrates significant carbon emission reduction,with an intensity of only 24%-32% compared to private vehicles and 47%-89% compared to buses.Notably,HSR travel for Beijing-Tianjin intercity emits only 24% of private vehicle emissions,demonstrating the emission reduction benefits of transportation structure optimization.Additionally,predictive modeling reveals the potential for carbon emission reduction through energy structure optimization,providing a guideline for the development of effective transportation management systems.
基金the financial support provided by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52204335,52374319,52174291)the National Youth Talent Support Program(GJRC2023008)+2 种基金the Beijing New-Star Plan of Science and Technology(Z211100002121115)the Central Universities Foundation of China(06500170)Interdisciplinary Research Project for Young Teachers of USTB(Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities)(FRF-IDRY-22-004).
文摘Sintering is the process that emits the most pollutants in ironmaking,including CO,SO_(2),NO_(x),and dioxins.Flue gas circulation sintering technology can not only reduce the emissions of various pollutants but also decrease the consumption of solid fuels.Therefore,it is necessary to summarize and discuss the research status of flue gas circulation technology.Firstly,the research status,advantages,and disadvantages of five typical flue gas circulation processes and their effects on the emission of different pollutants were analyzed.Then,the impact of O_(2),CO,SO_(2),and temperature in the circulating gas during the sintering flue gas circulation process on the quality of sinter and their reasonable ranges was summarized,and the formation mechanisms of CO_(x),NO_(x),SO_(2),and dioxins during the sintering process were discussed.Furthermore,the optimization and improvement of flue gas circulation technology in recent years were introduced.Finally,issues related to element enrichment,equipment improvements,and fine particulate matter emissions in the flue gas circulation process were reviewed,providing a reference for the optimal application of flue gas circulation sintering technology in the future.
文摘As the EU's carbon border tax approaches implementation and Generation Z increasingly prioritizes sustainability in their purchasing decisions,ESG has evolved from a moral concern to business survival challenges.By analyzing the latest ESG reports released by prominent apparel brands in the China garment industry,including Bosideng,Anta,Youngor,Li-Ning,and Lilanz,we can see it’s not about a series of emission reduction data but a comprehensive innovation encompassing products,processes,and the entire value chain.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2022YFF0802501)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.2022416)+1 种基金the Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi(No.2022JQ-267)the State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology(No.SKLLQG2335).
文摘The Northeast Plain in China ranks among the top five regions that have been significantly impacted by haze pollution.To effectively control pollution,it is crucial to accurately assess the effects of emission reduction measures.In this study,we analyzed surveillance data and found substantial decreases(ranging from 19.0%to 50.1%)in average annual mass concentrations of key pollutants(such as CO,SO_(2),NO_(2),and PM_(2.5))in the Northeast Plain from 2016 to 2020.To precisely determine the contributions of meteorological conditions and emission reductions to the improvement of air quality in the Northeast Plain,we conducted three scenario simulations.By comparing source emissions in December 2016 and 2020 using the WRF-Chem model(except for SO_(2)),we observed significant reductions of 21.3%,8.8%,and 9.8%in mass concentrations of PM_(2.5),NO_(2),and CO,respectively,from 2016 to 2020.This highlights the essential role that meteorological conditions play in determining air quality in the Northeast Plain.Moreover,further reducing source emissions by 30%in December 2016 resulted in subsequent reductions of 25.3%,29.0%,4.5%,and 30.3%in mass concentrations of PM_(2.5),SO_(2),NO_(2),and CO,respectively,under the same meteorological conditions.Notably,source emission reduction was effective for PM_(2.5),SO_(2),and CO,but not for NO_(2).The improvement in air quality in the Northeast Plain from 2016 to 2020 can be attributed to the combined effects of improved meteorological conditions and reduced pollution sources.
基金supported by the 2020 National Supercomputing Zhengzhou Center Innovation Ecosystem Construction Technology Project(No.201400210700)Zhengzhou PM2.5 and O3 Collaborative Control and Monitoring Project(No.20220347A).
文摘Recently,the transportation sector in China has gradually become the main source of urban air pollution and primary driver of carbon emissions growth.Considering air pollutants and greenhouse gases come from the same emission sources,it is necessary to establish an updated high-resolution emission inventory for the transportation sector in Central China,themost polluted region in China.The inventory includes on-road mobile,non-roadmobile,oil storage and transportation,and covers 9 types of air pollutants and 3 types of greenhouse gases.Based on the Long-range Energy Alternatives Planning System(LEAP)model,the emissions of pollutants were predicted for the period from2020 to 2035 in different scenarios.Results showed that in 2020,emissions of SO_(2),NO_(x),CO,PM_(10),PM_(2.5),VOCs,NH_(3),BC,OC,CO_(2),CH_(4),and N_(2)O in Henan Province were 27.5,503.2,878.6,20.1,17.4,222.1,21.5,9.4,2.9,92,077.9,6.0,and 10.4 kilotons,respectively.Energy demand and pollutant emissions in Henan Province are simulated under four scenarios(Baseline Scenario(BS),Pollution Abatement Scenario(PA),Green Transportation Scenario(GT),and Reinforcing Low Carbon Scenario(RLC)).The collaborative emission reduction effect is most significant in the RLC scenario,followed by the GT scenario.By 2035,under the RLC scenario,energy consumption and emissions of SO_(2),NO_(x),CO,PM_(10),PM_(2.5),VOCs,NH_(3),CO_(2),CH_(4),and N_(2)O are projected to decrease by 72.0%,30.0%,55.6%,56.0%,38.6%,39.7%,51.5%,66.1%,65.5%,55.4%,and 52.8%,respectively.This study provides fundamental data support for subsequent numerical simulations.
基金supported by the following funds:Guizhou Science and Technology Support Program Project[Grant No.Guizhou Science and Technology Cooperation Support(2025)General 079]Guizhou Provincial Department of Education’s"Top 100 Schools and Thousand Enterprises in Science andTechnology Research and Development"Project in 2025(Contract Number:Guizhou Education and Technology[2025]No.009)+6 种基金Hebei Province Innovation Ability Improvement Plan(No.23561001D)Hebei Provincial Natural Science Foundation(No.H2022209089)Open Fund Project of the Key Laboratory for Ferrous Metallurgy and Resources Utilization of Ministry of Education(Grant No.FMRUlab23-03)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52074128)Basic Scientific Research Business Expenses of Colleges and Universities in Hebei Province(Nos.JYG2022001 and JQN2023008)Tangshan Talent Funding Project(No.A202202007),Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province(No.E2023209107)Foundation of Tangshan Science and Technology Bureau(No.23150219A).
文摘Metallurgical slag is a waste or by-product of the metallurgical process,and its improper disposal can pose negative environmental impacts,including groundwater and soil contamination.The composition and properties of metallurgical slag are complex,which is usually difficult to use or process directly and requires special treatment and utilization methods.Taking converter slag and blast furnace slag as examples,the research frontiers and development potential were primarily discussed and analyzed in three aspects:the recycling within and outside metallurgical slag plants,the extraction and utilization of thermal energy from metallurgical slag,and the functionalization and social application of metallurgical slag.The metallurgical slag waste heat recovery includes chemical methods and physical methods.Among them,the physical method currently most used was centrifugal granulation to recover heat.Chemical laws could recover hydrogen through the waste heat of metallurgical slag,which could save fuel and reduce CO_(2) generated by fuel combustion.Metallurgical slag is rich in alkaline metal oxides,which can undergo a carbonation reaction with CO_(2) to achieve carbon sequestration in metallurgical slag.Elements such as iron,phosphorus,and silicon contained in metallurgical slag could be used in soil conditioners,cement raw materials,and wastewater treatment.For example,the phosphorus element in the slag could be extracted by melt modification followed by acid leaching and used as a raw material for phosphate fertilizer.Therefore,under the background of China’s carbon neutrality goal,it is important to develop the key technologies of waste heat utilization of metallurgical slag and carbon sequestration of metallurgical slag.
基金supported by the Construction of Environmental Science and Engineering Discipline for the Goal of Carbon Peaking and Carbon Neutrality Funding comes from Beijing Forestry University(No.2022XKJS0207).
文摘Under the background of resource shortage and global warming,it is of great significance to explore the status,influencing factors and carbon emission reduction effect of waste recycling in China after the implementation of new waste classification policy for guiding waste classification and carbon emission accounting.In this research,the temporal and spatial changes and influencing factors of waste recycling were studied from subdistrict level,life-cycle carbon emission reduction was predicted and policy suggestions for waste recycling were proposed.The results showed that after the implementation of new waste classification policy,the amount of recycled waste and the proportion of low-value recycled waste increased by 420.93 t and 2.29%per month on average,respectively.The district center has the largest amount of recycled waste.Income was the main factors affecting waste recycling,and online shopping and takeout could become important sources of recyclable waste.Accounting cradle-to-grave life cycle carbon footprint,waste plastics takes up the most contribution,accounting for 39.11%,and nearly 391.68 Mt CO_(2eq) would be reduced by waste recycling in China by 2030.Therefore,in the process of waste classification,refining waste classification to increase the amount of low-value recyclables,and rationally deploying collection and transportation vehicles to ensure efficient waste recycling are of great significance to achieve the goal of“carbon peaking and carbon neutrality”.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.91744311).
文摘We used observed concentrations of air pollutants,reanalyzed meteorological parameters,and results from the Goddard Earth Observing System Chemical Transport Model to examine the relationships between concentrations of maximum daily 8-h average ozone(MDA8 O_(3)),PM_(2.5)(particulate matter with diameter of 2.5μm or less),and PM_(2.5)components and 2-m temperature(T2)or relative humidity(RH),as well as the effectiveness of precursor emission reductions on the control of O_(3) and PM_(2.5) in Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei(BTH)under different summertime temperature and humidity conditions.Both observed(simulated)MDA8 O_(3) and PM_(2.5) concentrations increased as T2 went up,with linear trends of 4.8(3.2)ppb℃^(−1) and 1.9(1.5)μg m^(−3)℃^(−1),respectively.Model results showed that the decreases in MDA8 O_(3) from precursor emission reductions were more sensitive to T2 than to RH.Reducing a larger proportion of volatile organic compound(VOC)emissions at higher T2 was more effective for the control of summertime O_(3) in BTH.For the control of summertime PM_(2.5) in BTH,reducing nitrogen oxides(NOx)combined with a small proportion of VOCs was the best measure.The magnitude of reduction in PM_(2.5) from reducing precursor emissions was more sensitive to RH than to T2,with the best efficiency at high RH.Results from this study are helpful for formulating effective policies to tackle O_(3) and PM_(2.5) pollution in BTH.
基金The funding was provided by National Office for Philosophy and Social Science.The authors express their gratitude to the research project titled“Study on Synergistic Governance and Optimization Path of Urban Environment under the Constraint of Biased Emission Reduction Target”[Grant No.23BGL222]this research is also supported by the Hubei Market Entity Vitality Research Center,a Key Research Institute of Humanities and Social Sciences in Hubei Universities[Grant No.00120721].
文摘The biased allocation of emission reduction target constraints quantifies emission reduction responsibilities and reflects differences in pollutant reductions both across and within cities.This approach represents a systematic innovation aims to enhance China’s green competitiveness and facilitate its economic transformation through localized and precise policymaking.Using panel data from 275 Chinese cities spanning 2000-2022,this study applies the difference-in-differences method to estimate the impact of biased allocation of emission reduction target constraints on urban green competitiveness.The findings indicate that such constraints-whether based on chemical oxygen demand or sulfur dioxide targets-significantly improve urban green competitiveness,with both pollutant-specific constraints producing comparable effects.Furthermore,these constraints exhibit significant spatial spillover effects within a 200-km geographical radius.Heterogeneity analysis reveals stronger policy impacts in resource-based cities,eastern regions,and cities designated as key areas for pollution prevention and control.Mechanism analysis demonstrates that the constraints enhance green competitiveness primarily by fostering green technological innovation and optimizing industrial structures.These conclusions provide a practical foundation for addressing China’s enduring conflict between environmental protection and economic development.
基金supported by the National Pre-Research Project of Hebei GEO University(Grant No.KY2024YB19)the 2023-2024 Hebei Higher Education Teaching Reform Research and Practice Project(Grant No.2023GJJG302)+4 种基金Regional System Research Center of Hebei GEO University(Grant No.QYZDYJZX202525)Smart Financial Technology Innovation Center of Hebei Province(Grant No.HBZX202401004)Hebei Geo University graduate course construction project in 2025(Grant No.YKSZ2025006)Major Research Project on Humanities and Social Sciences in Colleges and Universities of Hebei Province(Grant No.ZD202418)Teaching Case of Hebei GEO University MBA Case Center in 2025(Grant No.AL202511).
文摘Carbon dioxide is the main factor causing the greenhouse effect,and reducing carbon dioxide emissions is an important task in ecological civilization governance.The audit of outgoing officials'natural resource asset management is an audit of the natural resources within the jurisdiction of each province to ensure that senior officials implement policies to protect natural resources.Therefore,this paper empirically verifies the impact of audit outgoing officials'natural resource asset management on carbon emission reduction based on panel data of 297 prefecture-level cities in China from 2012 to 2021.The study finds that auditing outgoing officials'natural resource asset management can effectively reduce carbon dioxide emissions and achieve energy conservation and emission reduction.Further research finds that auditing outgoing officials'natural resource asset management can promote technological innovation and industrial structure optimization,providing a reference for the country to achieve carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals and promote the green transformation and upgrading of social development.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China[973 program,grant number 2014CB441202]the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences[grant number XDA05100503]the National Natural Science Foundation of China[grant numbers 41021004,41475137,and 91544219]
文摘The nested-grid capability of the global chemical transport model GEOS-Chem, with a horizontal resolution of 1/4°× 5/16° （latitude x longitude）, was used to identify the chemical species whose reductions made the largest contributions to decreases in PM2.s concentrations （fine particulate matter, diameter 〈 2.5μm, defined in this study as the sum of sulfate, nitrate, ammonium, black carbon, and organic carbon aerosols） in Beijing during the 2014 Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation （APEC） summit. A number of numerical experiments were carried out for the period 15 October-29 November 2014. The model reproduced the observed daily variations of concentrations of PM2.s and gas-phase species （carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, and sulfur dioxide）. Simulated PM2.s concentrations decreased by 55.9%-58.5% during the APEC period, compared to other periods in October and November 2014, which agreed closely with measurements. Sensitivity results showed that emissions control measures regarding nitrogen oxides and organic carbon over North China led to the largest reductions in PM2.s concentrations in Beijing during the APEC summit, which led to overall reductions in the PM2.5 concentration of Beijing by 5.7% and 4.6%, respectively. The control of ammonia emissions was found to be able to greatly reduce PM2.5 concentrations in the whole of North China during the APEC meeting.
基金This study was supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.2022YJS053).
文摘As an important transportation infrastructure and transportation backbone in China,high-speed rail(HSR)plays a critical role in promoting the development of green and low-carbon transportation.Calculating the CO_(2) emissions reduction performance of HSR will be conduci v e to pr omote the CO_(2) emissions r eduction w ork of the r ail w ay.Based on the Dalkic HSR CO_(2) emissions r eduction performance model,by adjusting the HSR CO_(2) emission factor(CEF HSR),the annual times of departures(T)and other parameters,this study develops a Chinese HSR CO_(2) emissions reduction performance model.Taking the Beijing-Shanghai HSR as the resear c h object,this study conducts a questionnaire survey to explore the substitution effect and demand effect of HSR on different transportation modes;collects data such as passenger v olume,av era ge electricity use and annual times of departures of the Beijing-Shanghai HSR in 2019;and calculates the CO_(2) emissions reduction performance of the Beijing-Shanghai HSR.This study has two main results:(1)It builds a Chinese HSR CO_(2) emissions reduction performance model based on substitution effect and demand effect.(2)In 2019,the CO_(2) emissions of the Beijing-Shanghai HSR are 2898233.62 t,the CO_(2) emissions reduction performance of the Beijing-Shanghai HSR is 17999482.8 t,the annual CO_(2) emissions of the Beijing-Shanghai line in‘No HSR’case are 7.2 times as in the’HSR’case and the PKT of the HSR is 10.2 g/pkm.Based on the research results,this study proposes three CO_(2) emissions reduction policy suggestions.This study would be helpful for further HSR CO_(2) emissions reduction resear c h and departments related to railway transportation management to make CO_(2) emissions reduction policies.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41175137)the Climate Change Working Program of MEP in 2015 (CC(2015)-9-3)the Climate Change Project of Beijing in 2014 (ZHCKT4)
文摘The treatment of domestic and industrial wastewater is one of the major sources of CH_4 in the Chinese waste sector. On the basis of statistical data and country-specific emission factors, using IPCC methodology, the characteristics of CH_4 emissions from wastewater treatment in China were analyzed. The driving factors of CH_4 emissions were studied, and the emission trend and reduction potential were predicted and analyzed according to the current situation. Results show that in 2010, CH_4 emissions from the treatment of domestic and industrial wastewater were0.6110 Mt and 1.6237 Mt, respectively. Eight major industries account for more than 92% of emissions, and CH_4 emissions gradually increased from 2005 to 2010. From the controlling management scenario, we predict that in 2020, CH_4 emissions from the treatment of domestic and industrial wastewater will be 1.0136 Mt and 2.3393 Mt, respectively, and the reduction potential will be 0.0763 Mt and 0.2599 Mt, respectively.From 2010 to 2020, CH_4 emissions from the treatment of domestic and industrial wastewater will increase by 66% and 44%, respectively.
