[Objective] By decomposing and studying the relative factors of carbon emissions in Guangdong Province,the policy and suggestion on further keeping the sustainable development were put forward,which provided the refer...[Objective] By decomposing and studying the relative factors of carbon emissions in Guangdong Province,the policy and suggestion on further keeping the sustainable development were put forward,which provided the reference for the carbon emission reduction in other provinces.[Method] Based on the carbon emissions formula which was put forward by Johan,three factors(the energy structure,energy efficiency and economy development) which affected the carbon emissions during 1996-2009 in Guangdong Province were studied by using Divisia decomposition method of logarithmic mean weight(LMD).[Result] The economy development was the main reason that caused the continuous significant increase of carbon emissions in Guangdong Province.The improvement of energy efficiency was the important manner for decreasing the energy consumption and the carbon emissions.The adjustment and optimization of energy consumption structure had the huge potential for reducing the carbon emissions in Guangdong Province.[Conclusion] The carbon emissions in Guangdong Province would continue to increase in the future for a long time.When formulated the development strategy in the future,it needed pay special attention to keep the accord development of economy and environment.展开更多
Copper smelting is a significant source of SO2 emission. It is important to quantify SO2 emissions from combustion sources for regulatory and control purposes in relation to air quality. The characteristics of SO2 emi...Copper smelting is a significant source of SO2 emission. It is important to quantify SO2 emissions from combustion sources for regulatory and control purposes in relation to air quality. The characteristics of SO2 emissions from copper smelting industry in Yurman Province, China, were examined. Analysis based on the present situation, material balance and measuring method were used to confirm SO2 emission factors of copper smelting industry. Results show that SO2 emission factors for Isa system, side blown-continuous converting system （SB-CC）, blast furnace-continuous converting systems （B-CC） and blast furnace-converter blowing （B-C） are 11.69-18.64, 62.44--101.4, 19.43-37.88 and 45.48-81.03 kg/t（blister copper）, respectively. The comprehensive emission factor based on all smelting plants is found to be in the range of 23-39.99 kg-SO2/t（blister copper） for Yunnan Province, China. The results are compared with those for discharge coefficients of industrial pollutants in the First National General Survey of Pollution Sources and the emission factor of the total amount of major pollutants. It is observed that there are some differences among emission factors.展开更多
Industrial production process including nitric acid production is an important greenhouse gas emission source. Although IPCC guidelines have given calculation methods and emission factors for N2O emission from nitric ...Industrial production process including nitric acid production is an important greenhouse gas emission source. Although IPCC guidelines have given calculation methods and emission factors for N2O emission from nitric acid production, emission factors of nitric acid production in China are not given. And it can be seen from the comparison of the guidelines and registered CDM projects in China that the N2O emission factors given in the IPCC guidelines and actual N2O emission from nitric acid production in China differ greatly while measured N2O emission data is not available, so determination of emission factors for N2O emission from nitric acid production is an important basic research for N2O emission calculation in China. The method that calculate N2O emission factors from nitric acid production in China is studied with baseline emission factors based on actual measurement of registered CDM projects and the calculated emission factor is compared with that given in the IPCC guidelines in the text.展开更多
Under the“dual carbon”goals,it is imperative to incorporate carbon emissions-related factors into research of power grid risk assessment to meet the green transformation needs of the power grid.Therefore,this paper ...Under the“dual carbon”goals,it is imperative to incorporate carbon emissions-related factors into research of power grid risk assessment to meet the green transformation needs of the power grid.Therefore,this paper conducts a study on the risk assessment of carbon emissions changes in regional power grids based on dynamic carbon emission factors,aiming to quantitatively analyze the impact of random disturbances such as equipment failures or fluctuations in renewable energy generation on the carbon emission intensity of regional power grids.First,carbon emission change risk indicators are constructed from three dimensions:the probability,frequency,and magnitude of carbon emission changes.Second,a dynamic carbon emission factor calculation model is proposed to reflect the spatiotemporal change of carbon emissions in the regional power grid,considering output of different types of generators and the components of inter-area power transmission.Finally,with the premise of ensuring safe and stable operation of power grid,a quantitative assessment model for carbon emission change risks is proposed under the objective of minimizing the electricity loss.The sampling convergence conditions of the model are also derived.The results from the MRTS79 case study demonstrate the proposed method can effectively quantify and analyze the risk of carbon emissions changes in regional power grids,validating the effectiveness of the proposed model.展开更多
【目的】目前,我国已经形成了深度脱水-填埋、好氧发酵-土地利用、厌氧消化-土地利用、干化焚烧-建材利用这4条主流的市政污泥处理处置工艺路线,每种工艺路线都有各自的优缺点和适用条件,但每种路线的碳排放水平尚不明确,致使碳排放难...【目的】目前,我国已经形成了深度脱水-填埋、好氧发酵-土地利用、厌氧消化-土地利用、干化焚烧-建材利用这4条主流的市政污泥处理处置工艺路线,每种工艺路线都有各自的优缺点和适用条件,但每种路线的碳排放水平尚不明确,致使碳排放难以作为工艺比选测算指标落地应用。【方法】根据联合国政府间气候变化专门委员会指南,采用排放因子法,在确定核算边界后,全面核算了污泥从污水处理厂外运直至最终消纳的全流程碳排放量,包括处理处置过程中因甲烷(CH_(4))和一氧化二氮(N_(2)O)释放所产生的碳排放,因电耗、药耗、能耗、运输等所产生的碳排放,以及资源能源替代所产生的碳减排,然后基于该核算结果探讨了污泥处理处置碳减排路径。【结果】污泥深度脱水-填埋、好氧发酵-土地利用、厌氧消化-土地利用、干化焚烧-建材利用的碳排放强度分别为1465.75、933.46、880.35、752.33 kg CO_(2)/(t DS)。【结论】通过对比发现,在相同核算边界下,干化焚烧-建材利用是碳排放最少的污泥处理处置工艺,在新建项目工艺比选时可优先考虑。此外,当污泥因适用条件或处置方法受限,必须采用某种工艺时,还可从污泥源头减量、关键技术参数优化、资源能源回收等方面实现碳减排。展开更多
Rail transit plays a key role in mitigating transportation system carbon emissions.Accurate measurement of urban rail transit carbon emission can help quantify the contribution of urban rail transit towards urban tran...Rail transit plays a key role in mitigating transportation system carbon emissions.Accurate measurement of urban rail transit carbon emission can help quantify the contribution of urban rail transit towards urban transportation carbon emission reduction.Since the whole life cycle of urban rail transit carbon emission measurement involves a wide range of aspects,a systematic framework model is required for analysis.This research reviews the existing studies on carbon emission of urban rail transit.First,the characteristics of urban rail transit carbon emission were determined and the complexity of carbon emission measurement was analyzed.Then,the urban rail transit carbon emission measurement models were compared and analyzed in terms of the selection of research boundaries,the types of greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions calculation,and the accuracy of the measurement.Following that,an intelligent station was introduced to analyze the practical application of digital collaboration technology and energy-saving and carbon-reducing system platforms for rail transit.Finally,the urgent problems and future research directions at this stage were discussed.This research presents the necessity of establishing a dynamic carbon emission factor library and the important development trend of system integration of carbon emission measurement and digital system technology.展开更多
文摘[Objective] By decomposing and studying the relative factors of carbon emissions in Guangdong Province,the policy and suggestion on further keeping the sustainable development were put forward,which provided the reference for the carbon emission reduction in other provinces.[Method] Based on the carbon emissions formula which was put forward by Johan,three factors(the energy structure,energy efficiency and economy development) which affected the carbon emissions during 1996-2009 in Guangdong Province were studied by using Divisia decomposition method of logarithmic mean weight(LMD).[Result] The economy development was the main reason that caused the continuous significant increase of carbon emissions in Guangdong Province.The improvement of energy efficiency was the important manner for decreasing the energy consumption and the carbon emissions.The adjustment and optimization of energy consumption structure had the huge potential for reducing the carbon emissions in Guangdong Province.[Conclusion] The carbon emissions in Guangdong Province would continue to increase in the future for a long time.When formulated the development strategy in the future,it needed pay special attention to keep the accord development of economy and environment.
基金Projects(KKK0201022137,KKK0201122183) supported by the Special Research Foundation of Yunnan Provincial Environmental Protection Bureau,China
文摘Copper smelting is a significant source of SO2 emission. It is important to quantify SO2 emissions from combustion sources for regulatory and control purposes in relation to air quality. The characteristics of SO2 emissions from copper smelting industry in Yurman Province, China, were examined. Analysis based on the present situation, material balance and measuring method were used to confirm SO2 emission factors of copper smelting industry. Results show that SO2 emission factors for Isa system, side blown-continuous converting system （SB-CC）, blast furnace-continuous converting systems （B-CC） and blast furnace-converter blowing （B-C） are 11.69-18.64, 62.44--101.4, 19.43-37.88 and 45.48-81.03 kg/t（blister copper）, respectively. The comprehensive emission factor based on all smelting plants is found to be in the range of 23-39.99 kg-SO2/t（blister copper） for Yunnan Province, China. The results are compared with those for discharge coefficients of industrial pollutants in the First National General Survey of Pollution Sources and the emission factor of the total amount of major pollutants. It is observed that there are some differences among emission factors.
文摘Industrial production process including nitric acid production is an important greenhouse gas emission source. Although IPCC guidelines have given calculation methods and emission factors for N2O emission from nitric acid production, emission factors of nitric acid production in China are not given. And it can be seen from the comparison of the guidelines and registered CDM projects in China that the N2O emission factors given in the IPCC guidelines and actual N2O emission from nitric acid production in China differ greatly while measured N2O emission data is not available, so determination of emission factors for N2O emission from nitric acid production is an important basic research for N2O emission calculation in China. The method that calculate N2O emission factors from nitric acid production in China is studied with baseline emission factors based on actual measurement of registered CDM projects and the calculated emission factor is compared with that given in the IPCC guidelines in the text.
基金supported by the Key R&D Program of Hubei Province(2023BAB002)the Science and technology project of State Grid Hubei Electric Power Co.,Ltd.(52153223000A)。
文摘Under the“dual carbon”goals,it is imperative to incorporate carbon emissions-related factors into research of power grid risk assessment to meet the green transformation needs of the power grid.Therefore,this paper conducts a study on the risk assessment of carbon emissions changes in regional power grids based on dynamic carbon emission factors,aiming to quantitatively analyze the impact of random disturbances such as equipment failures or fluctuations in renewable energy generation on the carbon emission intensity of regional power grids.First,carbon emission change risk indicators are constructed from three dimensions:the probability,frequency,and magnitude of carbon emission changes.Second,a dynamic carbon emission factor calculation model is proposed to reflect the spatiotemporal change of carbon emissions in the regional power grid,considering output of different types of generators and the components of inter-area power transmission.Finally,with the premise of ensuring safe and stable operation of power grid,a quantitative assessment model for carbon emission change risks is proposed under the objective of minimizing the electricity loss.The sampling convergence conditions of the model are also derived.The results from the MRTS79 case study demonstrate the proposed method can effectively quantify and analyze the risk of carbon emissions changes in regional power grids,validating the effectiveness of the proposed model.
文摘【目的】目前,我国已经形成了深度脱水-填埋、好氧发酵-土地利用、厌氧消化-土地利用、干化焚烧-建材利用这4条主流的市政污泥处理处置工艺路线,每种工艺路线都有各自的优缺点和适用条件,但每种路线的碳排放水平尚不明确,致使碳排放难以作为工艺比选测算指标落地应用。【方法】根据联合国政府间气候变化专门委员会指南,采用排放因子法,在确定核算边界后,全面核算了污泥从污水处理厂外运直至最终消纳的全流程碳排放量,包括处理处置过程中因甲烷(CH_(4))和一氧化二氮(N_(2)O)释放所产生的碳排放,因电耗、药耗、能耗、运输等所产生的碳排放,以及资源能源替代所产生的碳减排,然后基于该核算结果探讨了污泥处理处置碳减排路径。【结果】污泥深度脱水-填埋、好氧发酵-土地利用、厌氧消化-土地利用、干化焚烧-建材利用的碳排放强度分别为1465.75、933.46、880.35、752.33 kg CO_(2)/(t DS)。【结论】通过对比发现,在相同核算边界下,干化焚烧-建材利用是碳排放最少的污泥处理处置工艺,在新建项目工艺比选时可优先考虑。此外,当污泥因适用条件或处置方法受限,必须采用某种工艺时,还可从污泥源头减量、关键技术参数优化、资源能源回收等方面实现碳减排。
基金supported by Beijing Natural Science Foundation(J210001)Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province(E2021210142)Tianjin Natural Science Foundation(21JCZXJC00160).
文摘Rail transit plays a key role in mitigating transportation system carbon emissions.Accurate measurement of urban rail transit carbon emission can help quantify the contribution of urban rail transit towards urban transportation carbon emission reduction.Since the whole life cycle of urban rail transit carbon emission measurement involves a wide range of aspects,a systematic framework model is required for analysis.This research reviews the existing studies on carbon emission of urban rail transit.First,the characteristics of urban rail transit carbon emission were determined and the complexity of carbon emission measurement was analyzed.Then,the urban rail transit carbon emission measurement models were compared and analyzed in terms of the selection of research boundaries,the types of greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions calculation,and the accuracy of the measurement.Following that,an intelligent station was introduced to analyze the practical application of digital collaboration technology and energy-saving and carbon-reducing system platforms for rail transit.Finally,the urgent problems and future research directions at this stage were discussed.This research presents the necessity of establishing a dynamic carbon emission factor library and the important development trend of system integration of carbon emission measurement and digital system technology.
