In this paper three air and water-stable room temperature ionic liquids(RTILs): N-butylpyridinium tetrafluoroborate(BPBF 4), 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate(BMIBF 4), and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium ethy...In this paper three air and water-stable room temperature ionic liquids(RTILs): N-butylpyridinium tetrafluoroborate(BPBF 4), 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate(BMIBF 4), and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium ethyl sulfate(EMISE) were synthesized. Their electrochemical windows were measured by cyclic voltammetry at 303.15-343.15 K. The cyclic voltammograms show the order of windows which represent the electrochemical stability of RTIL is: BPBF 4<BMIBF 4<EMISE. When temperature increases the windows reduce, that is, the stability of RTIL reduces with the increase of temperature. The difference among the windows of the three RTILs is mainly dependent on the order of the reductive limits of the cations: EMI+--1.40 V->BMI+--0.95 V->BP+-0.02 V-. It is very interesting that while the oxidative limit of anion BF- 4 and the reductive limit of all the cations reduce with the increase of temperature, but the oxidative limit of anion SE- increases.展开更多
The increasing awareness of climate change has led organizations to demand a standard procedure to measure and communicate greenhouse gas(GHG) emissions linked to their products or services.The publicly available spec...The increasing awareness of climate change has led organizations to demand a standard procedure to measure and communicate greenhouse gas(GHG) emissions linked to their products or services.The publicly available specification PAS 2050 has been developed in response to broad community and industry desire for a consistent method-carbon footprint for assessing the life cycle GHG emissions of goods and services.Specifically,this paper illustrates the implementation of carbon footprint for a baby stroller in accordance with PAS 2050.A fial value of 321 kg per one stroller including package was calculated.Moreover,the study led to identify raw materials production of the stroller as the main source of GHS emissions where efforts need to focus for emission reduction opportunities.This case study is hoped to be a starting point for organizations to benefit from the increasing application of carbon footprint assessment.展开更多
文摘In this paper three air and water-stable room temperature ionic liquids(RTILs): N-butylpyridinium tetrafluoroborate(BPBF 4), 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate(BMIBF 4), and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium ethyl sulfate(EMISE) were synthesized. Their electrochemical windows were measured by cyclic voltammetry at 303.15-343.15 K. The cyclic voltammograms show the order of windows which represent the electrochemical stability of RTIL is: BPBF 4<BMIBF 4<EMISE. When temperature increases the windows reduce, that is, the stability of RTIL reduces with the increase of temperature. The difference among the windows of the three RTILs is mainly dependent on the order of the reductive limits of the cations: EMI+--1.40 V->BMI+--0.95 V->BP+-0.02 V-. It is very interesting that while the oxidative limit of anion BF- 4 and the reductive limit of all the cations reduce with the increase of temperature, but the oxidative limit of anion SE- increases.
基金financially and technically supported by Bugaboo (Xiamen) Companythe Fundamental Research Funds No. 2010121035 for the Central Universities of China
文摘The increasing awareness of climate change has led organizations to demand a standard procedure to measure and communicate greenhouse gas(GHG) emissions linked to their products or services.The publicly available specification PAS 2050 has been developed in response to broad community and industry desire for a consistent method-carbon footprint for assessing the life cycle GHG emissions of goods and services.Specifically,this paper illustrates the implementation of carbon footprint for a baby stroller in accordance with PAS 2050.A fial value of 321 kg per one stroller including package was calculated.Moreover,the study led to identify raw materials production of the stroller as the main source of GHS emissions where efforts need to focus for emission reduction opportunities.This case study is hoped to be a starting point for organizations to benefit from the increasing application of carbon footprint assessment.
