The world has seen a relative power shift from the North to the South.The leading emerging states like China have taken up an increasingly commanding role in global economic affairs in response to the trauma experienc...The world has seen a relative power shift from the North to the South.The leading emerging states like China have taken up an increasingly commanding role in global economic affairs in response to the trauma experienced by Western industrialized states.Over the last decade and a half emerging powers have made significant inroads into previously the"bastion"of Western political and economic dominance,resulting in a diversifying external actors involved in African economy with much of this interaction bein...展开更多
Central Business District (CBD), a concept that was first proposed by U.S.scholars in the 1920s, refers to a business center that functions as a commercial trading,finan- cial information,cultural center,exhibition an...Central Business District (CBD), a concept that was first proposed by U.S.scholars in the 1920s, refers to a business center that functions as a commercial trading,finan- cial information,cultural center,exhibition and office area all rolled into one:a place that is the center of business,the driving power of urban economic development and the soul of a city.展开更多
Police emergency commitment powers for detention of persons in the community perceived to be seriously mentally ill for further specialist examination in a designated facility have always raised interest in medical an...Police emergency commitment powers for detention of persons in the community perceived to be seriously mentally ill for further specialist examination in a designated facility have always raised interest in medical and legal circles on both sides of the Atlantic. The objective of this article is to detail the police commitment procedure in England and Wales, as dictated by the mental health act of 1983 (MHA 1983) amended in 2007 (MHA 2007);and compare this with similar legal provisions as prevails under current state mental health statutes in the United States of America (USA). The comparative review of the commitment processes in England and Wales to that of the USA reveals that the process in England and Wales seeks to primarily ensure that persons with mental disorder (PWMD) in crisis are directed to a specialist hospital for evaluation and appropriate specialist care. In the USA such persons in a good number of cases may end up in the criminal justice system due to application of the “dangerousness” standard. Additionally whereas in England and Wales the commitment law is uniform in law and application, the federal system in the USA is such that the commitment law may have minor variations depending on the individual states. The minor variation in state commitment laws may engender a situation where the commitment law in England and Wales may seem relatively equitable and just towards PWMD in crisis, compared to the state commitment laws in the USA.展开更多
Emerging powers suffer the effects from the resource deficits in attempting to project their power globally. The developing nations are faced with difficult choices in determining their resource allocation strategies ...Emerging powers suffer the effects from the resource deficits in attempting to project their power globally. The developing nations are faced with difficult choices in determining their resource allocation strategies when compared to the already established powers. This article uses Brazil as a case study to analyze how emerging powers articulate strategies to conduct operations across the distinct areas of the international stage, paying special attention to regional and global arenas. Our interest is to analyze how power projection strategies are articulated and formed. More specifically, our research works to understand how a country compares and relates its regional operations to its global ones.展开更多
The countermeasures are the actions that should be taken, after the occurrence of a nuclear accident to protect the public against the associated risks. These actions may be represented by sheltering, evacuation, dist...The countermeasures are the actions that should be taken, after the occurrence of a nuclear accident to protect the public against the associated risks. These actions may be represented by sheltering, evacuation, distribution of stable iodine tablets and/or relocation. This study represents a comprehensive probabilistic study to investigate the role of the adoption of the countermeasures in case of a hypothetical accident of type LOCA for nuclear power plant of PWR （1000 Mw）. The effective doses in different organs, short and long health effects, and the associated risks are calculated with and without countermeasures. In addition, the overall costs of the accident and the costs of countermeasures are estimated which represent our first trials to know how much the proposed accident cost. The results showed that, the area around the site requires early and late countermeasures action after the accident especially in the downwind sectors. For late countermeasures, the duration time of relocation ranged from about two to 10 years. The adoption of the countermeasures increases the costs of emergency plan by 40% but reduces the risk associated the accident.展开更多
The world is facing the third important global power shift.The United States,EU, Japan,Russia,China,and the newly emerging power group are becoming the six big forces in the international center stage,while the former...The world is facing the third important global power shift.The United States,EU, Japan,Russia,China,and the newly emerging power group are becoming the six big forces in the international center stage,while the former three forces and the latter three belong to two groups,waning and waxing respectively.The major shift in the global balance of power is bound to give rise to the transitional multi-polar configuration,which implies a shifting of leadership over the configuration,China and U.S.outweighing other forces,global issues looming large,homogeneity blending with heterogeneity,and a shifting center of world powers.The transitional multi-polar configuration is all about change,upon which China is one of the decisive forces.展开更多
Distribution networks(DNs)face challenges in maintaining continuous power supply for critical loads under disasters.However,from a resilience perspective,the forecast accuracy of line/component failure rates under hur...Distribution networks(DNs)face challenges in maintaining continuous power supply for critical loads under disasters.However,from a resilience perspective,the forecast accuracy of line/component failure rates under hurricanes still needs to be improved in order to gain an optimal allocation strategy for multiple emergency power supply vehicles(EPSVs),and the economics under normal state is supposed to be considered in the optimization pre-hurricane EPSV allocation.Due to the rapid development of environmentally friendly EPSVs,electric EPSVs and hydrogen fuel cell EPSVs are considered to be allocated jointly for their different advantages in enhancing DNs’resilience.Hence,to balance the resilience and economics of DNs against hurricanes,an equilibrium allocation strategy for electric EPSVs and hydrogen fuel cell EPSVs is proposed in this paper based on the Nash equilibrium.First,a statistical model for meteorological data about hurricanes is established via the conditional value at risk(CVaR)considering strong wind and the consequent rainfall.Failure rate models of DN lines/components are built on account of the damage mechanism of hurricanes.Then the emergency power supply capability of electric EPSVs and hydrogen fuel cell EPSVs are calculated considering the limited power energy stored in electric EPSVs and abundant hydrogen in a hydrogen fueling station.In addition,an equilibrium allocation strategy for sizing and locating multiple EPSVs is proposed,in which the Nash equilibrium method is utilized.Finally,simulation tests verify the superiority of the proposed failure rate models and equilibrium allocation strategy in balancing the resilience of DNs under hurricanes and the economics of DNs under normal states.展开更多
Outdoor activities like mountain marathons and field expeditions often occur in harsh environments where maintaining power and body temperature are crucial for survival.Warm pastes are commonly used to provide warmth ...Outdoor activities like mountain marathons and field expeditions often occur in harsh environments where maintaining power and body temperature are crucial for survival.Warm pastes are commonly used to provide warmth in cold conditions,but their potential as a portable power source has not been fully explored.This research develops an innovative approach to convert warm-paste chemical energy into electrical power for emergencies.By designing a hydrogel-based iron-air battery with a low-temperature-resistant electrolyte,we created a battery capable of operating in low temperatures.Experimental results showed the battery generating 0.98 V of voltage and 2.68 Ah of capacity.The battery can be manually assembled using original warm paste materials and connected in series to power electronic devices like mobile phones,providing a vital communication tool in emergencies.This breakthrough offers a promising solution for enhancing safety and survival during outdoor activities.展开更多
The paper intends to contribute a framework of conceptualizing the emerging world order through interpreting the transformation of international political economy in an era of the rise of the BRICS and the ＂second wo...The paper intends to contribute a framework of conceptualizing the emerging world order through interpreting the transformation of international political economy in an era of the rise of the BRICS and the ＂second world.＂ It theorizes the dialectical nexus between the rise of the BRICs and the existing world order as an interdependent dynamic process of mutual challenge, mutual constraint, and mutual accommodation. One of the conceptual tools the paper applies is the notion of interdependent hegemony. The notion is seen as an important tool for conceptualizing and analyzing international relations and international political economy in the current era. The application of ＂interdependent hegemony＂ helps to explain that to what extent the BRICS can be identified as a unified alliance, a historical bloc, and to what extent they are generating functional or structural challenges to the existing international order. Likewise, it also helps to determine to what extent the hegemony of the existing order is still able to keep its resilient capacities and its structural powers and able to neutralize challenges from the emerging powers. The conclusion of the paper posits that the world is experiencing ＂interdependent hegemony＂ in the transition from the existing order to the emerging order.展开更多
This paper presents a multi-HVDC emergency coordinated modulating strategy to enhance the transient stability of hybrid AC/DC power systems.First,the main factors that affect the unbalanced energy distribution during ...This paper presents a multi-HVDC emergency coordinated modulating strategy to enhance the transient stability of hybrid AC/DC power systems.First,the main factors that affect the unbalanced energy distribution during a fault are analyzed,and the dominant generators are determined online.Next,considering the influence on both generators in the sending and receiving ends,the assessment index that evaluates the effects of DC power support is established.On the basis of this,a dynamic DC power support strategy is put forward,and the DC support sequence table is promptly updated by the changing dominant generators.The AC/DC hybrid power system with multi-DC lines is built and used as a test system.The simulation results of different scenarios demonstrate that the proposed method could follow the dominant generator dynamically and adjust the DC participating in modulation to enhance the transient stability effectively and quickly.展开更多
In viewing the power grid for large-scale new energy integration and power electrification of power grid equipment,the impact of power system faults is increased,and the ability of anti-disturbance is decreased,which ...In viewing the power grid for large-scale new energy integration and power electrification of power grid equipment,the impact of power system faults is increased,and the ability of anti-disturbance is decreased,which makes the power system fault clearance more dificult.In this paper,a load shedding control strategy based on artificial intelligence is proposed,this action strategy of load shedding,which is selected by deep reinforcement learning,can support autonomous voltage control.First,the power system operation data is used as the basic data to construct the network training dataset,and then a novel reward function for voltage is established.This value function,which conforms to the power grid operation characteristics,will act as the reward value for deep reinforcement learning,and the Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient algorithm(DDPG)algorithm,with the continuous action strategy,will be adopted.Finally,the deep reinforcement learning network is continuously trained,and the load shedding strategy concerning the grid voltage control problem will be obtained in the power system emergency control situation,and this strategy action is input into the Pypower module for simulation verification,thereby realizing the joint drive of data and model.According to the numerical simulation analysis,it shows that this method can effectively determine the accurate action selection of load shedding,and improve the stable operational ability of the power system.展开更多
文摘The world has seen a relative power shift from the North to the South.The leading emerging states like China have taken up an increasingly commanding role in global economic affairs in response to the trauma experienced by Western industrialized states.Over the last decade and a half emerging powers have made significant inroads into previously the"bastion"of Western political and economic dominance,resulting in a diversifying external actors involved in African economy with much of this interaction bein...
文摘Central Business District (CBD), a concept that was first proposed by U.S.scholars in the 1920s, refers to a business center that functions as a commercial trading,finan- cial information,cultural center,exhibition and office area all rolled into one:a place that is the center of business,the driving power of urban economic development and the soul of a city.
文摘Police emergency commitment powers for detention of persons in the community perceived to be seriously mentally ill for further specialist examination in a designated facility have always raised interest in medical and legal circles on both sides of the Atlantic. The objective of this article is to detail the police commitment procedure in England and Wales, as dictated by the mental health act of 1983 (MHA 1983) amended in 2007 (MHA 2007);and compare this with similar legal provisions as prevails under current state mental health statutes in the United States of America (USA). The comparative review of the commitment processes in England and Wales to that of the USA reveals that the process in England and Wales seeks to primarily ensure that persons with mental disorder (PWMD) in crisis are directed to a specialist hospital for evaluation and appropriate specialist care. In the USA such persons in a good number of cases may end up in the criminal justice system due to application of the “dangerousness” standard. Additionally whereas in England and Wales the commitment law is uniform in law and application, the federal system in the USA is such that the commitment law may have minor variations depending on the individual states. The minor variation in state commitment laws may engender a situation where the commitment law in England and Wales may seem relatively equitable and just towards PWMD in crisis, compared to the state commitment laws in the USA.
文摘Emerging powers suffer the effects from the resource deficits in attempting to project their power globally. The developing nations are faced with difficult choices in determining their resource allocation strategies when compared to the already established powers. This article uses Brazil as a case study to analyze how emerging powers articulate strategies to conduct operations across the distinct areas of the international stage, paying special attention to regional and global arenas. Our interest is to analyze how power projection strategies are articulated and formed. More specifically, our research works to understand how a country compares and relates its regional operations to its global ones.
文摘The countermeasures are the actions that should be taken, after the occurrence of a nuclear accident to protect the public against the associated risks. These actions may be represented by sheltering, evacuation, distribution of stable iodine tablets and/or relocation. This study represents a comprehensive probabilistic study to investigate the role of the adoption of the countermeasures in case of a hypothetical accident of type LOCA for nuclear power plant of PWR （1000 Mw）. The effective doses in different organs, short and long health effects, and the associated risks are calculated with and without countermeasures. In addition, the overall costs of the accident and the costs of countermeasures are estimated which represent our first trials to know how much the proposed accident cost. The results showed that, the area around the site requires early and late countermeasures action after the accident especially in the downwind sectors. For late countermeasures, the duration time of relocation ranged from about two to 10 years. The adoption of the countermeasures increases the costs of emergency plan by 40% but reduces the risk associated the accident.
文摘The world is facing the third important global power shift.The United States,EU, Japan,Russia,China,and the newly emerging power group are becoming the six big forces in the international center stage,while the former three forces and the latter three belong to two groups,waning and waxing respectively.The major shift in the global balance of power is bound to give rise to the transitional multi-polar configuration,which implies a shifting of leadership over the configuration,China and U.S.outweighing other forces,global issues looming large,homogeneity blending with heterogeneity,and a shifting center of world powers.The transitional multi-polar configuration is all about change,upon which China is one of the decisive forces.
基金supported by Funds for International Cooperation and Exchange of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52061635104).
文摘Distribution networks(DNs)face challenges in maintaining continuous power supply for critical loads under disasters.However,from a resilience perspective,the forecast accuracy of line/component failure rates under hurricanes still needs to be improved in order to gain an optimal allocation strategy for multiple emergency power supply vehicles(EPSVs),and the economics under normal state is supposed to be considered in the optimization pre-hurricane EPSV allocation.Due to the rapid development of environmentally friendly EPSVs,electric EPSVs and hydrogen fuel cell EPSVs are considered to be allocated jointly for their different advantages in enhancing DNs’resilience.Hence,to balance the resilience and economics of DNs against hurricanes,an equilibrium allocation strategy for electric EPSVs and hydrogen fuel cell EPSVs is proposed in this paper based on the Nash equilibrium.First,a statistical model for meteorological data about hurricanes is established via the conditional value at risk(CVaR)considering strong wind and the consequent rainfall.Failure rate models of DN lines/components are built on account of the damage mechanism of hurricanes.Then the emergency power supply capability of electric EPSVs and hydrogen fuel cell EPSVs are calculated considering the limited power energy stored in electric EPSVs and abundant hydrogen in a hydrogen fueling station.In addition,an equilibrium allocation strategy for sizing and locating multiple EPSVs is proposed,in which the Nash equilibrium method is utilized.Finally,simulation tests verify the superiority of the proposed failure rate models and equilibrium allocation strategy in balancing the resilience of DNs under hurricanes and the economics of DNs under normal states.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFB2502104)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22179059,22239002,22209070,and 22409086)+2 种基金Science and Technology Innovation Fund for Emission Peak and Carbon Neutrality of Jiangsu Province(BK20231512 and BK20220034)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20241208)the Jiangsu Funding Program for Excellent Postdoctoral Talent(2024ZB287)。
文摘Outdoor activities like mountain marathons and field expeditions often occur in harsh environments where maintaining power and body temperature are crucial for survival.Warm pastes are commonly used to provide warmth in cold conditions,but their potential as a portable power source has not been fully explored.This research develops an innovative approach to convert warm-paste chemical energy into electrical power for emergencies.By designing a hydrogel-based iron-air battery with a low-temperature-resistant electrolyte,we created a battery capable of operating in low temperatures.Experimental results showed the battery generating 0.98 V of voltage and 2.68 Ah of capacity.The battery can be manually assembled using original warm paste materials and connected in series to power electronic devices like mobile phones,providing a vital communication tool in emergencies.This breakthrough offers a promising solution for enhancing safety and survival during outdoor activities.
文摘The paper intends to contribute a framework of conceptualizing the emerging world order through interpreting the transformation of international political economy in an era of the rise of the BRICS and the ＂second world.＂ It theorizes the dialectical nexus between the rise of the BRICs and the existing world order as an interdependent dynamic process of mutual challenge, mutual constraint, and mutual accommodation. One of the conceptual tools the paper applies is the notion of interdependent hegemony. The notion is seen as an important tool for conceptualizing and analyzing international relations and international political economy in the current era. The application of ＂interdependent hegemony＂ helps to explain that to what extent the BRICS can be identified as a unified alliance, a historical bloc, and to what extent they are generating functional or structural challenges to the existing international order. Likewise, it also helps to determine to what extent the hegemony of the existing order is still able to keep its resilient capacities and its structural powers and able to neutralize challenges from the emerging powers. The conclusion of the paper posits that the world is experiencing ＂interdependent hegemony＂ in the transition from the existing order to the emerging order.
基金This work was supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51637005)the Science and Technology Project of SGCC(SGBJDK00KJJS1900088).
文摘This paper presents a multi-HVDC emergency coordinated modulating strategy to enhance the transient stability of hybrid AC/DC power systems.First,the main factors that affect the unbalanced energy distribution during a fault are analyzed,and the dominant generators are determined online.Next,considering the influence on both generators in the sending and receiving ends,the assessment index that evaluates the effects of DC power support is established.On the basis of this,a dynamic DC power support strategy is put forward,and the DC support sequence table is promptly updated by the changing dominant generators.The AC/DC hybrid power system with multi-DC lines is built and used as a test system.The simulation results of different scenarios demonstrate that the proposed method could follow the dominant generator dynamically and adjust the DC participating in modulation to enhance the transient stability effectively and quickly.
基金supported by the Science and Technology Project of SGCC(5100-202055298A-0-0-00).
文摘In viewing the power grid for large-scale new energy integration and power electrification of power grid equipment,the impact of power system faults is increased,and the ability of anti-disturbance is decreased,which makes the power system fault clearance more dificult.In this paper,a load shedding control strategy based on artificial intelligence is proposed,this action strategy of load shedding,which is selected by deep reinforcement learning,can support autonomous voltage control.First,the power system operation data is used as the basic data to construct the network training dataset,and then a novel reward function for voltage is established.This value function,which conforms to the power grid operation characteristics,will act as the reward value for deep reinforcement learning,and the Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient algorithm(DDPG)algorithm,with the continuous action strategy,will be adopted.Finally,the deep reinforcement learning network is continuously trained,and the load shedding strategy concerning the grid voltage control problem will be obtained in the power system emergency control situation,and this strategy action is input into the Pypower module for simulation verification,thereby realizing the joint drive of data and model.According to the numerical simulation analysis,it shows that this method can effectively determine the accurate action selection of load shedding,and improve the stable operational ability of the power system.
