Purpose–This study aims to design and validate an emergency response method for high-speed railway earthquake early warning(EEW)systems based on the Propagation of Local Undamped Motion(PLUM)principle in order to enh...Purpose–This study aims to design and validate an emergency response method for high-speed railway earthquake early warning(EEW)systems based on the Propagation of Local Undamped Motion(PLUM)principle in order to enhance the timeliness and accuracy of warnings under seismic threats.Design/methodology/approach–A hierarchical architecture of the railway EEW system was adopted,in which self-built stations along the railway serve as the backbone and the national seismic network provides supplementary data.Warning zones were designed along the railway using overlapping trapezoidal layouts to cover seismic stations and reduce inter-regional time delays.Offline replay experiments were conducted using 82 historical earthquake events and records from 61 seismic stations to evaluate the timeliness and accuracy of warning information.Findings–The results indicate that the PLUM-based early warning method can issue emergency response information before destructive seismic waves arrive.Multiple earthquake experiments demonstrated high reliability and stability,with effective detection across different magnitudes and epicentral distances.Furthermore,the trapezoidal overlapping zone design improved regional consistency and significantly reduced missed alerts.Originality/value–This work represents the first systematic application of the PLUM method to high-speed railway EEW in China.By integrating railway operational requirements,the proposed method provides a practical and robust emergency response strategy,offering new insights into seismic risk mitigation for China’s high-speed railways.展开更多
Frequent flood disasters caused by climate change may lead to tremendous economic and human losses along inland waterways.Emergency response and rescue vessels(ERRVs)play an essential role in minimizing losses and pro...Frequent flood disasters caused by climate change may lead to tremendous economic and human losses along inland waterways.Emergency response and rescue vessels(ERRVs)play an essential role in minimizing losses and protecting lives and property.However,the path planning of ERRVs has mainly depended on expert experiences instead of rational decision making.This paper proposes an improved artificial potential field(APF)algorithm to optimize the shortest path for ERRVs in the rescue process.To verify the feasibility of the proposed model,eight tests were carried out in two water areas of the Yangtze River.The results showed that the improved APF algorithm was efficient with fewer iterations and that the response time of path planning was reduced to around eight seconds.The improved APF algorithm performed better in the ERRV’s goal achievement,compared with the traditional algorithm.The path planning method for ERRVs proposed in this paper has theoretical and practical value in flood relief.It can be applied in the emergency management of ERRVs to accelerate flood management efficiency and improve capacity to prevent,mitigate,and relieve flood disasters.展开更多
There are many watercraft and production accidents in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area （TGRA） of the Yangtze River in China every year. Accidents threaten the water quality of the 1085 km 2 surface area of the TGRA a...There are many watercraft and production accidents in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area （TGRA） of the Yangtze River in China every year. Accidents threaten the water quality of the 1085 km 2 surface area of the TGRA and millions of local people if oil and chemical leakage were to occur. A water pollution management system for emergency response （WPMS ER） was therefore designed for the management of pollution in this area. An integrated geographic information system （GIS）-based water pollution management information system for the TGRA, called WPMS ER TGRA, was developed in this study. ArcGIS engine was used as the system development platform, and Visual Basic as the programming language. The models for hydraulic and water quality simulation and the generation of body-fitted coordinates were developed and programmed as a dynamically linked library file using Visual Basic, and they can be launched by other computer programs. Subsequently, the GIS-based information system was applied to the emergency water pollution management of a shipwreck releasing 10 tons of phenol into the Yangtze River during two hours. The results showed that WPMS ER TGRA can assist with emergency water pollution management and simulate the transfer and diffusion of accidental pollutants in the river. Furthermore, it can quickly identify the affected area and how it will change over time within a few minutes of an accident occurring.展开更多
In recent years,the impact of new major infectious diseases on people’s normal life is becoming more and more frequent,which has brought great impact on people’s life safety and social economy,especially the corona ...In recent years,the impact of new major infectious diseases on people’s normal life is becoming more and more frequent,which has brought great impact on people’s life safety and social economy,especially the corona virus disease 2019,which has been sweeping the globe.Public health and disease prevention and control systems in different countries have different performances in response to the pandemic,but they all have exposed many shortcomings.Countries around the world urgently need to improve the monitoring,early warning and emergency response systems for new major infectious diseases.As the outpost and main part of medical rescue,the hospital urgently needs to establish a set of scientifically advanced emergency response mechanism that is suitable for the business process of the medical system and unified standards in order to improve the response efficiency and quality of emergency treatment.展开更多
The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic is challenging the current public health emergency response systems(PHERSs)of many countries.Although environmental factors,such as those influencing the survival of viru...The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic is challenging the current public health emergency response systems(PHERSs)of many countries.Although environmental factors,such as those influencing the survival of viruses and their transmission between species including humans,play important roles in PHERSs,little attention has been given to these factors.This study describes and elucidates the roles of environmental factors in future PHERSs.To improve countries’capability to respond to public health emergencies associated with viral infections such as the COVID-19 pandemic,a number of environmental factors should be considered before,during,and after the responses to such emergencies.More specifically,to prevent pandemic outbreaks,we should strengthen environmental and wildlife protection,conduct detailed viral surveillance in animals and hotspots,and improve early-warning systems.During the pandemic,we must study the impacts of environmental factors on viral behaviors,develop control measures to minimize secondary environmental risks,and conduct timely assessments of viral risks and secondary environmental effects with a view to reducing the impacts of the pandemic on human health and on ecosystems.After the pandemic,we should further strengthen surveillance for viruses and the prevention of viral spread,maintain control measures for minimizing secondary environmental risks,develop our capability to scientifically predict pandemics and resurgences,and prepare for the next unexpected resurgence.Meanwhile,we should restore the normal life and production of the public based on the“One Health”concept,that views global human and environmental health as inextricably linked.Our recommendations are essential for improving nations’capability to respond to global public health emergencies.展开更多
Abrupt air pollution accidents can endanger people’s health and destroy the local ecological environment.The appropriate emergency response can minimize the harmful effects of accidents and protect people’s lives an...Abrupt air pollution accidents can endanger people’s health and destroy the local ecological environment.The appropriate emergency response can minimize the harmful effects of accidents and protect people’s lives and property.This paper provides an overview of the key emergency response technologies for abrupt air pollution accidents around the globe with emphasis on the major achievements that China has obtained in recent years.With decades of effort,China has made significant progress in emergency monitoring technologies and equipment,source estimation technologies,pollutant dispersion simulation technologies and others.Many effective domestic emergency monitoring instruments(e.g.,portable DOAS/FT-IR systems,portable FID/PID systems,portable GC-MS systems,scanning imaging remote sensing systems,and emergency monitoring vehicles)had been developed which can meet the demands for routine emergency response activities.A monitoring layout technique combining air dispersion simulation,fuzzy comprehensive evaluation,and a post-optimality analysis was proposed to identify the optimal monitoring layout scheme under the constraints of limited monitoring resources.Multiple source estimation technologies,including the forward method and the inversion method,have been established and evaluated under various scenarios.Multi-scale dynamic pollution dispersion simulation systems with high temporal and spatial resolution were further developed.A comprehensive emergency response platform integrating database support,source estimation,monitoring schemes,fast monitoring of pollutants,pollution predictions and risk assessment was developed based on the technical idea of"source identification-model simulation-environmental monitoring"dynamic interactive feedback.It is expected that the emergency response capability for abrupt air pollution accidents will gradually improve in China.展开更多
In recent years, the incidence of severe infectious diseases has increased, and the number of emerging infectious diseases continues to increase. The Chinese government and military forces have paid a great deal of at...In recent years, the incidence of severe infectious diseases has increased, and the number of emerging infectious diseases continues to increase. The Chinese government and military forces have paid a great deal of attention to infectious disease prevention and control, and using military-civilian cooperation, they have successfully prevented numerous severe epidemic situations, such as severe acute respiratory syndrome(SARS), influenza A(H1N1), avian influenza H5N1 and H7N9, and Ebola hemorrhagic fever, while actively maintained public health, economic development, and national construction. This paper focuses on the mechanisms of the military-cooperative emergency response to infectious diseases–the joint working mechanism, the information-sharing mechanism, the research collaboration mechanism, and the joint disposal mechanism–and presents a sorted summary of the practices and experiences of cooperative emergency responses to infectious diseases. In the future, the Chinese military and the civilian sector will further strengthen the cooperative joint command system and emergency rescue force and will reinforce their collaborative information-sharing platform and technical equipment system to further improve military-civilian collaborative emergency infectious diseases disposal, advance the level of infectious disease prevention and control, and maintain public health.展开更多
Emergency response for ship oil-spill accident should be regarded as a dynamic complex system consisting of human,machine and organization.Recently the reliability evaluation and optimization of machine and organizati...Emergency response for ship oil-spill accident should be regarded as a dynamic complex system consisting of human,machine and organization.Recently the reliability evaluation and optimization of machine and organization in emergency response attached much attention,but the human reliability was ignored in the research.This igno-rance will negatively affect the reliability of the whole emergency response system.Ship oil-spill accident not only leads to heave losses of money and human lives,but also produces serious environmental pollutions.Consequently more and more international maritime institutions have attached highly importance to it.In an attempt to improve the reliability of emergency response for ship oil-spill accident,a human error analysis model was developed considering features of ship oil-spill accident.The model was developed on a theoretical basis with reference to cognitive psychology and HRA.It analyzed three types of human errors including cognitive error,decisive error and act error and four types factors causing human error including external environment,organization,operator own factor and human-machine interface.Finally an example of ineffective oil-ship accident emergency re-sponse has been analyzed with CREAM(Cognitive reliability and error analysis method),a classical second genera-tion HRA methods,in order to test the feasibility and efficiency of HRA model.展开更多
This paper presents an expert-based fuzzy analytic hierarchy process( AHP) model for evaluating emergency response capacity of Chemical Industrial Park( ERCCIP) by jointly using an improved fuzzy preference programmin...This paper presents an expert-based fuzzy analytic hierarchy process( AHP) model for evaluating emergency response capacity of Chemical Industrial Park( ERCCIP) by jointly using an improved fuzzy preference programming( FPP) and 2-tuple fuzzy linguistic approach. An evaluation index system for ERCCIP is proposed. The weight of sub-criteria and criteria of the evaluation index system for ERCCIP are determined using the improved FPP. And the ratings of sub-criteria are assessed in linguistic values according to the experts' subjective opinions. Finally,the aggregated ratings of criteria and the overall ERCCIP are calculated.展开更多
BACKGROUND: After a disaster, all victims have to be rapidly and accurately identified for locating, tracking and regulating them. The purpose of this study was to summarize people's experiences that how the patie...BACKGROUND: After a disaster, all victims have to be rapidly and accurately identified for locating, tracking and regulating them. The purpose of this study was to summarize people's experiences that how the patients were tracked in past earthquake disasters in Iran.METHODS: A qualitative study was carried out in 2015. This was an interview-based qualitative study using content analysis. The interviewed people included physicians, nurses, emergency medical technicians, disaster managers, Red Crescent Society' first responders and managers. Participants were identified using a snow ball sampling method. Interviews were audiotaped, transcribed, coded, and entered into MAXQDA(version 10) for coding and content analysis.RESULTS: Three main themes and seven categories including content(recoding data), function(identification of victims, identification of the deceased, informing the patients' relatives, patients' evacuation and transfer, and statistical reporting), technology(the state of using technology) were identifi ed that showed the patient tracking status in past earthquakes in Iran.CONCLUSION: Participants believed that to identify and register the data related to patients or the dead, no consistent action plan was available. So developing a consistent patient tracking system could overcome this issue and improve patient safety.展开更多
The relations among the establishment of Coalition Emergency Response System （CERS）, city security and city sustainable development are analyzed in the article. According to the relation analysis, it is concluded th...The relations among the establishment of Coalition Emergency Response System （CERS）, city security and city sustainable development are analyzed in the article. According to the relation analysis, it is concluded that cities should build up their CERS to deal with the thread of damage in China. The recommendations about the establishment of the system are also provided.展开更多
Responding to concerns raised by the Bhopal accident, more and more attention has been paid to local emergency, especially chemical emergency, prevention and planning worldwide, and many chemical emergency response sy...Responding to concerns raised by the Bhopal accident, more and more attention has been paid to local emergency, especially chemical emergency, prevention and planning worldwide, and many chemical emergency response systems for public response personnel have been built. With the successful application of geographical information system (GIS) technology in many fields, GIS can be an efficient tool for effective response to chemical emergencies. The purpose of this paper is to introduce the application of GIS technology in emergency response. Typical GIS technology is simply introduced and some of its existing applications to emergency, mainly natural disaster, response are summarized. Spatial data and spatial analysis requirements for chemical monitoring and emergency response are also discussed in detail. Finally a chemical monitoring and emergency response system under development by combining GIS and expert system for both chemical distribution centers and public response personnel is presented.展开更多
Ⅰ. EXECUTIVE SUMMARYAuthorities and emergency services used to be at the forefront of mobile communications–after all, respond-ing to emergencies has always required mobility. How-ever, the professionals’ technolog...Ⅰ. EXECUTIVE SUMMARYAuthorities and emergency services used to be at the forefront of mobile communications–after all, respond-ing to emergencies has always required mobility. How-ever, the professionals’ technologically leading position has diminished with the explosive growth of展开更多
The purpose of this study is to establish an intelligent expert system for nuclear power plant emergency response.A new framework of environmental risk management methodology by the concept of pattern recognition was ...The purpose of this study is to establish an intelligent expert system for nuclear power plant emergency response.A new framework of environmental risk management methodology by the concept of pattern recognition was introduced in this paper.A knowledge-based decision support system for emergency response and risk management of nuclear power plant was also discussed.The mathematical pattern relationship of accidental release effects on neighboring area and the corresponding response measures were presented in this paper.With this decision system,the decision maker can specify the procedure and minimize their human error in the decision process.The improvement of risk response and the quality of management system could be upgraded by this system.Besides,the methodology can also be served as a basis for the future development of environmental risk response system design.展开更多
Following the M_(S)6.4 earthquake that occurred on May 21,2021 in Yangbi,Yunnan,China,the earthquake emergency response system(EERS)responded immediately.The real-time software delivered many seismic parameters that p...Following the M_(S)6.4 earthquake that occurred on May 21,2021 in Yangbi,Yunnan,China,the earthquake emergency response system(EERS)responded immediately.The real-time software delivered many seismic parameters that provided a preliminary assessment of the earthquake.The 24-hour on-duty staff and scientific researchers revised these parameters and produced more detailed reports to understand the cause of the earthquake and the potential damage,which provided valuable information for emergency rescue operations and earthquake situation assessment.Emergency personnel were dispatched immedia-tely to the earthquake site to observe the aftershocks,investigate the damage,and guide and assist in the relief efforts.This paper describes the EERS response to the Yangbi earthquake to demonstrate the characteristics of the system and discuss the potential for further improvement.展开更多
This paper studies the Least Square Method to define high-speed railway(HSR) earthquake risk and solve the problem of its emergency response mechanism. Based on the construction of a monitoring system for HSR earthqua...This paper studies the Least Square Method to define high-speed railway(HSR) earthquake risk and solve the problem of its emergency response mechanism. Based on the construction of a monitoring system for HSR earthquake emergency response, the technical operational procedures for HSR seismic emergency response are proposed. The quantity, scale, and location of HSR earthquake emergency response mechanism are defined, and the corresponding emergency response system is built. In particular, the earthquake emergency response system can conduct real-time continuous dynamic monitoring of seismic activity along the railway. When earthquake occurs, the intensity of the ground motion is detected by the system. When the earthquake monitoring value reaches the earthquake alarm threshold, it will send an alarm signal to the dispatch center, and the emergency power supply will be forced to cut off. The earthquake emergency response system will continue to monitor the follow-up ground motion acceleration. The system provides the operation scheduling center with a basis for train operation control to resume operation after stopping. The monitoring result of the system reduces the disaster, and the secondary disaster is caused by the earthquake. This paper improves the HSR response mechanism in detecting earthquake disasters. The result improves the ability of HSR to deal with earthquake disasters, and reduces casualties and economic and property loss caused by earthquake disasters.展开更多
Ⅰ. WHAT’S CERSThe City Emergency Response System (CERS) is a comprehensive system that provides the emergency relief and services for the citizen through an integrated communication and IT platform. With CERS, the
In this paper, we conduct research on the emergency response mechanism and applications on the coastal communities storm disaster management. Investment of pre-disaster prevention and the post-disaster remedy is large...In this paper, we conduct research on the emergency response mechanism and applications on the coastal communities storm disaster management. Investment of pre-disaster prevention and the post-disaster remedy is larger in emergency in the financial system that has been structural problems, although in a disaster and financial support is especially important after a disaster, but increase before preventive investment should be the focus of our general government. Before preventive emergency government investment is to prevent incident broke out and reduce the incident after the outbreak of the impact of the main means. Under these circumstances, we analyze the coastal communities storm disaster management mode with the integration of the enhanced emergency response mechanism that will be meaningful for promoting the management efficiency and effectiveness.展开更多
Objective:The study aims to review and discuss the outcomes of emergency preparedness training programs among nursing students.Methods:A scoping review was conducted based on the guidelines of Arskey and O’Malley.Dat...Objective:The study aims to review and discuss the outcomes of emergency preparedness training programs among nursing students.Methods:A scoping review was conducted based on the guidelines of Arskey and O’Malley.Databases through PubMed,Science Direct,and Google Scholar were used to obtain the relevant articles within the scoping review.Results:The researchers found 1175 articles.After manual review,28 articles were identified and assessed.The review reported that the emergency preparedness training program significantly affects preparedness,knowledge,performance,self-efficacy,learning motivation,self-confidence,satisfaction,critical decision-making,and problem-solving.Conclusions:Emergency training effectively increases knowledge,skills,confidence,satisfaction,and team performance.展开更多
文摘Purpose–This study aims to design and validate an emergency response method for high-speed railway earthquake early warning(EEW)systems based on the Propagation of Local Undamped Motion(PLUM)principle in order to enhance the timeliness and accuracy of warnings under seismic threats.Design/methodology/approach–A hierarchical architecture of the railway EEW system was adopted,in which self-built stations along the railway serve as the backbone and the national seismic network provides supplementary data.Warning zones were designed along the railway using overlapping trapezoidal layouts to cover seismic stations and reduce inter-regional time delays.Offline replay experiments were conducted using 82 historical earthquake events and records from 61 seismic stations to evaluate the timeliness and accuracy of warning information.Findings–The results indicate that the PLUM-based early warning method can issue emergency response information before destructive seismic waves arrive.Multiple earthquake experiments demonstrated high reliability and stability,with effective detection across different magnitudes and epicentral distances.Furthermore,the trapezoidal overlapping zone design improved regional consistency and significantly reduced missed alerts.Originality/value–This work represents the first systematic application of the PLUM method to high-speed railway EEW in China.By integrating railway operational requirements,the proposed method provides a practical and robust emergency response strategy,offering new insights into seismic risk mitigation for China’s high-speed railways.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.72274052)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.72174173).
文摘Frequent flood disasters caused by climate change may lead to tremendous economic and human losses along inland waterways.Emergency response and rescue vessels(ERRVs)play an essential role in minimizing losses and protecting lives and property.However,the path planning of ERRVs has mainly depended on expert experiences instead of rational decision making.This paper proposes an improved artificial potential field(APF)algorithm to optimize the shortest path for ERRVs in the rescue process.To verify the feasibility of the proposed model,eight tests were carried out in two water areas of the Yangtze River.The results showed that the improved APF algorithm was efficient with fewer iterations and that the response time of path planning was reduced to around eight seconds.The improved APF algorithm performed better in the ERRV’s goal achievement,compared with the traditional algorithm.The path planning method for ERRVs proposed in this paper has theoretical and practical value in flood relief.It can be applied in the emergency management of ERRVs to accelerate flood management efficiency and improve capacity to prevent,mitigate,and relieve flood disasters.
基金supported by the Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology for the"Special Water Project"(No.2008ZX07315)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.59978054)
文摘There are many watercraft and production accidents in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area （TGRA） of the Yangtze River in China every year. Accidents threaten the water quality of the 1085 km 2 surface area of the TGRA and millions of local people if oil and chemical leakage were to occur. A water pollution management system for emergency response （WPMS ER） was therefore designed for the management of pollution in this area. An integrated geographic information system （GIS）-based water pollution management information system for the TGRA, called WPMS ER TGRA, was developed in this study. ArcGIS engine was used as the system development platform, and Visual Basic as the programming language. The models for hydraulic and water quality simulation and the generation of body-fitted coordinates were developed and programmed as a dynamically linked library file using Visual Basic, and they can be launched by other computer programs. Subsequently, the GIS-based information system was applied to the emergency water pollution management of a shipwreck releasing 10 tons of phenol into the Yangtze River during two hours. The results showed that WPMS ER TGRA can assist with emergency water pollution management and simulate the transfer and diffusion of accidental pollutants in the river. Furthermore, it can quickly identify the affected area and how it will change over time within a few minutes of an accident occurring.
文摘In recent years,the impact of new major infectious diseases on people’s normal life is becoming more and more frequent,which has brought great impact on people’s life safety and social economy,especially the corona virus disease 2019,which has been sweeping the globe.Public health and disease prevention and control systems in different countries have different performances in response to the pandemic,but they all have exposed many shortcomings.Countries around the world urgently need to improve the monitoring,early warning and emergency response systems for new major infectious diseases.As the outpost and main part of medical rescue,the hospital urgently needs to establish a set of scientifically advanced emergency response mechanism that is suitable for the business process of the medical system and unified standards in order to improve the response efficiency and quality of emergency treatment.
基金the National Science Foundation of China(41925031,41991315,and 41521003).
文摘The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic is challenging the current public health emergency response systems(PHERSs)of many countries.Although environmental factors,such as those influencing the survival of viruses and their transmission between species including humans,play important roles in PHERSs,little attention has been given to these factors.This study describes and elucidates the roles of environmental factors in future PHERSs.To improve countries’capability to respond to public health emergencies associated with viral infections such as the COVID-19 pandemic,a number of environmental factors should be considered before,during,and after the responses to such emergencies.More specifically,to prevent pandemic outbreaks,we should strengthen environmental and wildlife protection,conduct detailed viral surveillance in animals and hotspots,and improve early-warning systems.During the pandemic,we must study the impacts of environmental factors on viral behaviors,develop control measures to minimize secondary environmental risks,and conduct timely assessments of viral risks and secondary environmental effects with a view to reducing the impacts of the pandemic on human health and on ecosystems.After the pandemic,we should further strengthen surveillance for viruses and the prevention of viral spread,maintain control measures for minimizing secondary environmental risks,develop our capability to scientifically predict pandemics and resurgences,and prepare for the next unexpected resurgence.Meanwhile,we should restore the normal life and production of the public based on the“One Health”concept,that views global human and environmental health as inextricably linked.Our recommendations are essential for improving nations’capability to respond to global public health emergencies.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2017YFC0209900)Beijing Nova Program from Beijing Municipal Science&Technology Commission(No.Z201100006820098)the Youth Science and Technology Talents Support Program(2020)by Anhui Association for Science and Technology(No.RCTJ202002)。
文摘Abrupt air pollution accidents can endanger people’s health and destroy the local ecological environment.The appropriate emergency response can minimize the harmful effects of accidents and protect people’s lives and property.This paper provides an overview of the key emergency response technologies for abrupt air pollution accidents around the globe with emphasis on the major achievements that China has obtained in recent years.With decades of effort,China has made significant progress in emergency monitoring technologies and equipment,source estimation technologies,pollutant dispersion simulation technologies and others.Many effective domestic emergency monitoring instruments(e.g.,portable DOAS/FT-IR systems,portable FID/PID systems,portable GC-MS systems,scanning imaging remote sensing systems,and emergency monitoring vehicles)had been developed which can meet the demands for routine emergency response activities.A monitoring layout technique combining air dispersion simulation,fuzzy comprehensive evaluation,and a post-optimality analysis was proposed to identify the optimal monitoring layout scheme under the constraints of limited monitoring resources.Multiple source estimation technologies,including the forward method and the inversion method,have been established and evaluated under various scenarios.Multi-scale dynamic pollution dispersion simulation systems with high temporal and spatial resolution were further developed.A comprehensive emergency response platform integrating database support,source estimation,monitoring schemes,fast monitoring of pollutants,pollution predictions and risk assessment was developed based on the technical idea of"source identification-model simulation-environmental monitoring"dynamic interactive feedback.It is expected that the emergency response capability for abrupt air pollution accidents will gradually improve in China.
基金supported by the National Social Science Foundation of China(15003–155)
文摘In recent years, the incidence of severe infectious diseases has increased, and the number of emerging infectious diseases continues to increase. The Chinese government and military forces have paid a great deal of attention to infectious disease prevention and control, and using military-civilian cooperation, they have successfully prevented numerous severe epidemic situations, such as severe acute respiratory syndrome(SARS), influenza A(H1N1), avian influenza H5N1 and H7N9, and Ebola hemorrhagic fever, while actively maintained public health, economic development, and national construction. This paper focuses on the mechanisms of the military-cooperative emergency response to infectious diseases–the joint working mechanism, the information-sharing mechanism, the research collaboration mechanism, and the joint disposal mechanism–and presents a sorted summary of the practices and experiences of cooperative emergency responses to infectious diseases. In the future, the Chinese military and the civilian sector will further strengthen the cooperative joint command system and emergency rescue force and will reinforce their collaborative information-sharing platform and technical equipment system to further improve military-civilian collaborative emergency infectious diseases disposal, advance the level of infectious disease prevention and control, and maintain public health.
文摘Emergency response for ship oil-spill accident should be regarded as a dynamic complex system consisting of human,machine and organization.Recently the reliability evaluation and optimization of machine and organization in emergency response attached much attention,but the human reliability was ignored in the research.This igno-rance will negatively affect the reliability of the whole emergency response system.Ship oil-spill accident not only leads to heave losses of money and human lives,but also produces serious environmental pollutions.Consequently more and more international maritime institutions have attached highly importance to it.In an attempt to improve the reliability of emergency response for ship oil-spill accident,a human error analysis model was developed considering features of ship oil-spill accident.The model was developed on a theoretical basis with reference to cognitive psychology and HRA.It analyzed three types of human errors including cognitive error,decisive error and act error and four types factors causing human error including external environment,organization,operator own factor and human-machine interface.Finally an example of ineffective oil-ship accident emergency re-sponse has been analyzed with CREAM(Cognitive reliability and error analysis method),a classical second genera-tion HRA methods,in order to test the feasibility and efficiency of HRA model.
基金Sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.41001354)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China(Grant No.23420110083)
文摘This paper presents an expert-based fuzzy analytic hierarchy process( AHP) model for evaluating emergency response capacity of Chemical Industrial Park( ERCCIP) by jointly using an improved fuzzy preference programming( FPP) and 2-tuple fuzzy linguistic approach. An evaluation index system for ERCCIP is proposed. The weight of sub-criteria and criteria of the evaluation index system for ERCCIP are determined using the improved FPP. And the ratings of sub-criteria are assessed in linguistic values according to the experts' subjective opinions. Finally,the aggregated ratings of criteria and the overall ERCCIP are calculated.
基金supported by vice chancellery of research,Isfahan University of Medical Sciences
文摘BACKGROUND: After a disaster, all victims have to be rapidly and accurately identified for locating, tracking and regulating them. The purpose of this study was to summarize people's experiences that how the patients were tracked in past earthquake disasters in Iran.METHODS: A qualitative study was carried out in 2015. This was an interview-based qualitative study using content analysis. The interviewed people included physicians, nurses, emergency medical technicians, disaster managers, Red Crescent Society' first responders and managers. Participants were identified using a snow ball sampling method. Interviews were audiotaped, transcribed, coded, and entered into MAXQDA(version 10) for coding and content analysis.RESULTS: Three main themes and seven categories including content(recoding data), function(identification of victims, identification of the deceased, informing the patients' relatives, patients' evacuation and transfer, and statistical reporting), technology(the state of using technology) were identifi ed that showed the patient tracking status in past earthquakes in Iran.CONCLUSION: Participants believed that to identify and register the data related to patients or the dead, no consistent action plan was available. So developing a consistent patient tracking system could overcome this issue and improve patient safety.
文摘The relations among the establishment of Coalition Emergency Response System （CERS）, city security and city sustainable development are analyzed in the article. According to the relation analysis, it is concluded that cities should build up their CERS to deal with the thread of damage in China. The recommendations about the establishment of the system are also provided.
文摘Responding to concerns raised by the Bhopal accident, more and more attention has been paid to local emergency, especially chemical emergency, prevention and planning worldwide, and many chemical emergency response systems for public response personnel have been built. With the successful application of geographical information system (GIS) technology in many fields, GIS can be an efficient tool for effective response to chemical emergencies. The purpose of this paper is to introduce the application of GIS technology in emergency response. Typical GIS technology is simply introduced and some of its existing applications to emergency, mainly natural disaster, response are summarized. Spatial data and spatial analysis requirements for chemical monitoring and emergency response are also discussed in detail. Finally a chemical monitoring and emergency response system under development by combining GIS and expert system for both chemical distribution centers and public response personnel is presented.
文摘Ⅰ. EXECUTIVE SUMMARYAuthorities and emergency services used to be at the forefront of mobile communications–after all, respond-ing to emergencies has always required mobility. How-ever, the professionals’ technologically leading position has diminished with the explosive growth of
基金Supported by Jinwen University of Science and Technology
文摘The purpose of this study is to establish an intelligent expert system for nuclear power plant emergency response.A new framework of environmental risk management methodology by the concept of pattern recognition was introduced in this paper.A knowledge-based decision support system for emergency response and risk management of nuclear power plant was also discussed.The mathematical pattern relationship of accidental release effects on neighboring area and the corresponding response measures were presented in this paper.With this decision system,the decision maker can specify the procedure and minimize their human error in the decision process.The improvement of risk response and the quality of management system could be upgraded by this system.Besides,the methodology can also be served as a basis for the future development of environmental risk response system design.
文摘Following the M_(S)6.4 earthquake that occurred on May 21,2021 in Yangbi,Yunnan,China,the earthquake emergency response system(EERS)responded immediately.The real-time software delivered many seismic parameters that provided a preliminary assessment of the earthquake.The 24-hour on-duty staff and scientific researchers revised these parameters and produced more detailed reports to understand the cause of the earthquake and the potential damage,which provided valuable information for emergency rescue operations and earthquake situation assessment.Emergency personnel were dispatched immedia-tely to the earthquake site to observe the aftershocks,investigate the damage,and guide and assist in the relief efforts.This paper describes the EERS response to the Yangbi earthquake to demonstrate the characteristics of the system and discuss the potential for further improvement.
基金Sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.51178157)the High-Level Project of the Top Six Talents of Jiangsu Province (Grant No.JXQC-021)the Key Science and Technology Program of Henan Province (Grant No.182102310004)。
文摘This paper studies the Least Square Method to define high-speed railway(HSR) earthquake risk and solve the problem of its emergency response mechanism. Based on the construction of a monitoring system for HSR earthquake emergency response, the technical operational procedures for HSR seismic emergency response are proposed. The quantity, scale, and location of HSR earthquake emergency response mechanism are defined, and the corresponding emergency response system is built. In particular, the earthquake emergency response system can conduct real-time continuous dynamic monitoring of seismic activity along the railway. When earthquake occurs, the intensity of the ground motion is detected by the system. When the earthquake monitoring value reaches the earthquake alarm threshold, it will send an alarm signal to the dispatch center, and the emergency power supply will be forced to cut off. The earthquake emergency response system will continue to monitor the follow-up ground motion acceleration. The system provides the operation scheduling center with a basis for train operation control to resume operation after stopping. The monitoring result of the system reduces the disaster, and the secondary disaster is caused by the earthquake. This paper improves the HSR response mechanism in detecting earthquake disasters. The result improves the ability of HSR to deal with earthquake disasters, and reduces casualties and economic and property loss caused by earthquake disasters.
文摘Ⅰ. WHAT’S CERSThe City Emergency Response System (CERS) is a comprehensive system that provides the emergency relief and services for the citizen through an integrated communication and IT platform. With CERS, the
文摘In this paper, we conduct research on the emergency response mechanism and applications on the coastal communities storm disaster management. Investment of pre-disaster prevention and the post-disaster remedy is larger in emergency in the financial system that has been structural problems, although in a disaster and financial support is especially important after a disaster, but increase before preventive investment should be the focus of our general government. Before preventive emergency government investment is to prevent incident broke out and reduce the incident after the outbreak of the impact of the main means. Under these circumstances, we analyze the coastal communities storm disaster management mode with the integration of the enhanced emergency response mechanism that will be meaningful for promoting the management efficiency and effectiveness.
文摘Objective:The study aims to review and discuss the outcomes of emergency preparedness training programs among nursing students.Methods:A scoping review was conducted based on the guidelines of Arskey and O’Malley.Databases through PubMed,Science Direct,and Google Scholar were used to obtain the relevant articles within the scoping review.Results:The researchers found 1175 articles.After manual review,28 articles were identified and assessed.The review reported that the emergency preparedness training program significantly affects preparedness,knowledge,performance,self-efficacy,learning motivation,self-confidence,satisfaction,critical decision-making,and problem-solving.Conclusions:Emergency training effectively increases knowledge,skills,confidence,satisfaction,and team performance.
