Vehicular ad-hoc networks(VANETs)play an essential role in enhancing transport infrastructure by making vehicles intelligent and proficient in preventing traffic fatalities.Direction-based greedy protocols pick the ne...Vehicular ad-hoc networks(VANETs)play an essential role in enhancing transport infrastructure by making vehicles intelligent and proficient in preventing traffic fatalities.Direction-based greedy protocols pick the next route vehicle for transmitting emergency messages(EMs)depending upon the present location of adjacent vehicles towards sink vehicles by using an optimal uni-directional road traffic approach.Nevertheless,such protocols suffer performance degradation by ignoring the moving directions of vehicles in bi-directional road traffic where topological changes happen continuously.Due to the high number of vehicles,it is essential to broadcast EMs to all vehicles to prevent traffic delays and collisions.A cluster-based EM transmitting technique is proposed in this paper.For urban VANETs,this paper pioneers the clustering of bi-directional road traffic for robust and efficient routing of EMs.In this regard,this paper introduces a routing protocol,namely,the bi-directional urban routing protocol(BURP).In addition to the paths and relative locations of vehicles,BURP takes account of the distance parameter by using the Hamming distance function to determine the direction ofmotion of vehicles and communicates EMs through the cluster head(CH).Amodified k-medoids algorithm is presented for the clustering of bi-directional road traffic.A median method is presented for selecting CH to ensure the longrunning of a cluster.Simulation results show that BURP provides enhanced throughput,a maximized packet delivery ratio,low energy consumption,and network delay relative to eminent routing protocols.展开更多
Vehicular ad hoc networks(VANETs)support safety-and non-safety-related applications that require the transmission of emergency safety messages and periodic beacon messages.The dedicated short-range communication(DSRC)...Vehicular ad hoc networks(VANETs)support safety-and non-safety-related applications that require the transmission of emergency safety messages and periodic beacon messages.The dedicated short-range communication(DSRC)standard in VANETs is used to exchange safety messages,and is involved in multi-hop data dissemination and routing.Many researchers have focused either on emergency data dissemination or routing,but both are critical.Routing protocols are commonly used for position-based routing and distancebased routing.This paper focuses on both emergency data dissemination and multi-hop routing,with the selection of the best data disseminator and trustworthy forwarder.To select the best forwarder,ring partitioning is performed,which segregates vehicles into rings based on the coverage area for routing.Each partition is selected with a best forwarder,which minimizes the hop count for data transmission.The work also includes effective video transmission for a user’s request.Video transmission in VANETs is involved in this work to provide efficient video delivery between rapidly travelling vehicles with reduced delay owing to the selection of good-quality channels.Video transmission is prioritized according to frame types,and they are then transmitted with respect to the preference of channels.The major issue in video streaming is the loss of packets,which is our focus to minimize it.Our proposed VANET environment is simulated in OMNeT++,and the results show remarkable improvements in terms of the packet delivery ratio,end-to-end delay,and reliability.展开更多
文摘Vehicular ad-hoc networks(VANETs)play an essential role in enhancing transport infrastructure by making vehicles intelligent and proficient in preventing traffic fatalities.Direction-based greedy protocols pick the next route vehicle for transmitting emergency messages(EMs)depending upon the present location of adjacent vehicles towards sink vehicles by using an optimal uni-directional road traffic approach.Nevertheless,such protocols suffer performance degradation by ignoring the moving directions of vehicles in bi-directional road traffic where topological changes happen continuously.Due to the high number of vehicles,it is essential to broadcast EMs to all vehicles to prevent traffic delays and collisions.A cluster-based EM transmitting technique is proposed in this paper.For urban VANETs,this paper pioneers the clustering of bi-directional road traffic for robust and efficient routing of EMs.In this regard,this paper introduces a routing protocol,namely,the bi-directional urban routing protocol(BURP).In addition to the paths and relative locations of vehicles,BURP takes account of the distance parameter by using the Hamming distance function to determine the direction ofmotion of vehicles and communicates EMs through the cluster head(CH).Amodified k-medoids algorithm is presented for the clustering of bi-directional road traffic.A median method is presented for selecting CH to ensure the longrunning of a cluster.Simulation results show that BURP provides enhanced throughput,a maximized packet delivery ratio,low energy consumption,and network delay relative to eminent routing protocols.
文摘Vehicular ad hoc networks(VANETs)support safety-and non-safety-related applications that require the transmission of emergency safety messages and periodic beacon messages.The dedicated short-range communication(DSRC)standard in VANETs is used to exchange safety messages,and is involved in multi-hop data dissemination and routing.Many researchers have focused either on emergency data dissemination or routing,but both are critical.Routing protocols are commonly used for position-based routing and distancebased routing.This paper focuses on both emergency data dissemination and multi-hop routing,with the selection of the best data disseminator and trustworthy forwarder.To select the best forwarder,ring partitioning is performed,which segregates vehicles into rings based on the coverage area for routing.Each partition is selected with a best forwarder,which minimizes the hop count for data transmission.The work also includes effective video transmission for a user’s request.Video transmission in VANETs is involved in this work to provide efficient video delivery between rapidly travelling vehicles with reduced delay owing to the selection of good-quality channels.Video transmission is prioritized according to frame types,and they are then transmitted with respect to the preference of channels.The major issue in video streaming is the loss of packets,which is our focus to minimize it.Our proposed VANET environment is simulated in OMNeT++,and the results show remarkable improvements in terms of the packet delivery ratio,end-to-end delay,and reliability.
