The objective of this work was to determine the location of emergency material warehouses. For the site selection problem of emergency material warehouses, the triangular fuzzy numbers are respectively demand of the d...The objective of this work was to determine the location of emergency material warehouses. For the site selection problem of emergency material warehouses, the triangular fuzzy numbers are respectively demand of the demand node, the distance between the warehouse and demand node and the cost of the warehouse, a bi-objective programming model was established with minimum total cost of the system and minimum distance between the selected emergency material warehouses and the demand node. Using the theories of fuzzy numbers, the fuzzy programming model was transformed into a determinate bi-objective mixed integer programming model and a heuristic algorithm for this model was designed. Then, the algorithm was proven to be feasible and effective through a numerical example. Analysis results show that the location of emergency material warehouse depends heavily on the values of degree a and weight wl. Accurate information of a certain emergency activity should be collected before making the decision.展开更多
The earthqnake emergency material preparation demand analysis can provide the scientific basis for all levels of governments to conduct reasonable and unified configuration of the emergency preparation resources, in o...The earthqnake emergency material preparation demand analysis can provide the scientific basis for all levels of governments to conduct reasonable and unified configuration of the emergency preparation resources, in order to further optimize the earthquake emergency ability construction to provide reference. This paper takes Datong City of Shanxi Province as an example, using the earthquake risk evaluation method, adopting the deterministic method and probabilistic method to conduct earthquake danger analysis, combined with the earthquake emergency rescue case and the previous scholars＇ research achievements, in order to study and analyze the earthquake emergency material preparation demand in different earthquake dangers.展开更多
Construction failures caused by unforeseen circumstances, such as natural disasters, environmental degradation, and structural weaknesses, present significant challenges in achieving durability, safety, and sustainabi...Construction failures caused by unforeseen circumstances, such as natural disasters, environmental degradation, and structural weaknesses, present significant challenges in achieving durability, safety, and sustainability. This research addresses these challenges through the development of advanced emergency rescue systems incorporating wood-derived nanomaterials and IoT-enabled Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) technologies. The use of nanocellulose which demonstrates outstanding mechanical capabilities and biodegradability alongside high resilience allowed developers to design modular rescue systems that function effectively even under challenging conditions while providing real-time failure protection. Experimental data from testing showed that the replacement system strengthened load-bearing limits by 20% while enhancing impact tolerance by 30% and decreasing lifecycle carbon footprints by 60% against conventional methods. FEA results alongside dynamic simulations established that the system maintains its strength across seismic events and thermal variations and environmental conditions. SHM systems that leverage the Internet of Things Platform revealed 95% accuracy rates in detecting anomalies while improving response speed by 30% for predictive maintenance operations. The innovative solutions support the special issue’s direction to push structural transformation through durable designs and creative materials with preventive failure solutions. The proposed solutions work together toward creating resilient infrastructure systems which resist unexpected stressors and environmental damage.展开更多
AS a consequence of China’s past decades as a planned economy, with its over emphasis on production and neglect of circulation, the country’s material flow has long remained at an undeveloped level, with small-scale...AS a consequence of China’s past decades as a planned economy, with its over emphasis on production and neglect of circulation, the country’s material flow has long remained at an undeveloped level, with small-scale operation, poor organization, and a lack of equipment. For too long, production and circulation have been unrelated processes.展开更多
With the development of new synthesis methods and chemistries,a number of new superhard materials have been reported to be harder than diamond.While such materials are highly desirable due to their wide-ranging applic...With the development of new synthesis methods and chemistries,a number of new superhard materials have been reported to be harder than diamond.While such materials are highly desirable due to their wide-ranging applications,there are some inherent uncertainties in the methods utilized to determine and define the hardness of such materials.In this paper,we employed the standard Vickers diamond indenter and substitute indenters with the same shape to measure the hardness of nine ceramics and superhard materials within well-defined criteria and methodology,for the assessment of consistency in the hardness testing.The findings and the developed testing method in the current study have broad implications in characterizing new and emerging superhard materials,leading to new discoveries.展开更多
Bioelectronics are powerful tools for monitoring and stimulating biological and biochemical processes,with applications ranging from neural interface simulation to biosensing.The increasing demand for bioelectronics h...Bioelectronics are powerful tools for monitoring and stimulating biological and biochemical processes,with applications ranging from neural interface simulation to biosensing.The increasing demand for bioelectronics has greatly promoted the development of new nanomaterials as detection platforms.Recently,owing to their ultrathin structures and excellent physicochemical properties,emerging two-dimensional(2D)materials have become one of the most researched areas in the fields of bioelectronics and biosensors.In this timely review,the physicochemical structures of the most representative emerging 2D materials and the design of their nanostructures for engineering highperformance bioelectronic and biosensing devices are presented.We focus on the structural optimization of emerging 2D material-based composites to achieve better regulation for enhancing the performance of bioelectronics.Subsequently,the recent developments of emerging 2D materials in bioelectronics,such as neural interface simulation,biomolecular/biomarker detection,and skin sensors are discussed thoroughly.Finally,we provide conclusive views on the current challenges and future perspectives on utilizing emerging 2D materials and their composites for bioelectronics and biosensors.This review will offer important guidance in designing and applying emerging 2D materials in bioelectronics,thus further promoting their prospects in a wide biomedical field.展开更多
In the emergency management of disruptions,efficient emergency material scheduling(EMS) is a key factor to save people’s lives and reduce loss.Based on the literature of EMS and related areas in recent years,the rese...In the emergency management of disruptions,efficient emergency material scheduling(EMS) is a key factor to save people’s lives and reduce loss.Based on the literature of EMS and related areas in recent years,the research was summarized from two aspects of EMS optimization model and algorithms.It is concluded that the EMS optimization models mainly aim at the shortest time,shortest distance,minimum cost,maximum satisfaction and fairness,etc.The constraints usually include the quantity of supply depots,relief supply and vehicles,the types of commodities,the road network conditions,the budgets and the demand forecast of emergency materials.Multi-objective model is more complex and it usually considers more than one objective.To find the optimized solution,the multiobjective model with complex constraints needs more efficient algorithms.The existing algorithms,including mathematic algorithm and heuristic algorithm,have been categorized.For NP-hard(non-deterministic polynomial hard) problems,heuristic algorithms should be designed,which mainly include genetic algorithm(GA),ant colony optimization(ACO),particle swarm optimization(PSO),etc.Based on the characteristics of the optimization model and various algorithms,appropriate algorithm or tools should be chosen and designed to obtain the optimized solution of EMS model.Finally,the development trends of EMS optimization model and algorithm in the future are proposed.展开更多
CONSPECTUS:The increasing demands of sustainable energy,electronics,and biomedical applications call for next-generation functional materials with unprecedented properties.Of particular interest are emerging materials...CONSPECTUS:The increasing demands of sustainable energy,electronics,and biomedical applications call for next-generation functional materials with unprecedented properties.Of particular interest are emerging materials that display exceptional physical properties,making them promising candidates for energy-efficient microelectronic devices.As the conventional Edisonian approach becomes significantly outpaced by growing societal needs,emerging computational modeling and machine learning methods have been employed for the rational design of materials.展开更多
Determining the optimal vehicle routing of emergency material distribution(VREMD)is one of the core issues of emergency management,which is strategically important to improve the effectiveness of emergency response an...Determining the optimal vehicle routing of emergency material distribution(VREMD)is one of the core issues of emergency management,which is strategically important to improve the effectiveness of emergency response and thus reduce the negative impact of large-scale emergency events.To summarize the latest research progress,we collected 511VREMD-related articles published from 2010 to the present from the Scopus database and conducted a bibliometric analysis using VOSviewer software.Subsequently,we cautiously selected 49 articles from these publications for system review;sorted out the latest research progress in model construction and solution algorithms;and summarized the evolution trend of keywords,research gaps,and future works.The results show that domestic scholars and research organizations held an unqualified advantage regarding the number of published papers.However,these organizations with the most publications performed poorly regarding the number of literature citations.China and the US have contributed the vast majority of the literature,and there are close collaborations between researchers from both countries.The optimization model of VREMD can be divided into single-,multi-,and joint-objective models.The shortest travel time is the most common optimization objective in the single-objective optimization model.Several scholars focus on multiobjective optimization models to consider conflicting objectives simultaneously.In recent literature,scholars have focused on the impact of uncertainty and special events(e.g.,COVID-19)on VREMD.Moreover,some scholars focus on joint optimization models to optimize vehicle routes and central locations(or material allocation)simultaneously.Solution algorithms can be divided into two primary categories,i.e.,mathematical planning methods and intelligent evolutionary algorithms.The branch and bound algorithm is the most dominant mathematical planning algorithm,while genetic algorithms and their enhancements are the most commonly used intelligent evolutionary algorithms.It is shown that the nondominated sorting genetic algorithmⅡ(NSGA-Ⅱ)can effectively solve the multiobjective model of VREMD.To further improve the algorithm’s performance,researchers have proposed improved hybrid intelligent algorithms that combine the advantages of NSGA-Ⅱand certain other algorithms.Scholars have also proposed a series of optimization algorithms for specific scenarios.With the development of new technologies and computation methods,it will be exciting to construct optimization models that consider uncertainty,heterogeneity,and temporality for large-scale real-world issues and develop generalized solution approaches rather than those applicable to specific scenarios.展开更多
Four-dimensional(4 D) printing technology is an extension of three-dimensional(3 D) printing technology that enables a 3 D-printed static structure to dynamically change its shape with time. Therefore, the resulting s...Four-dimensional(4 D) printing technology is an extension of three-dimensional(3 D) printing technology that enables a 3 D-printed static structure to dynamically change its shape with time. Therefore, the resulting structure can undergo self-folding/unfolding assisted by some stimuli. This technology has made much initial progress in many industrial fields. Aiming to investigate the in-depth application value of4 D printing, this study reviews the recent research and application breakthroughs of 4 D printing in several emerging directions, including the simulation of plant and animal behaviors, smart tissue scaffolds and biomedical devices, food printing, digitalization of industrial art design, renewable energy, intelligent communication, soft electronics and robots, vehicle optimization, textile customization, and flexible machinery and mechanical structure. Based on the analyses of specific cases and processes, we present the current obstacles to large-scale applications and the future prospects.展开更多
Developing a reasonable and efficient emergency material scheduling plan is of great significance to decreasing casualties and property losses.Real-world emergency material scheduling(EMS)problems are typically large-...Developing a reasonable and efficient emergency material scheduling plan is of great significance to decreasing casualties and property losses.Real-world emergency material scheduling(EMS)problems are typically large-scale and possess complex constraints.An evolutionary algorithm(EA)is one of the effective methods for solving EMS problems.However,the existing EAs still face great challenges when dealing with large-scale EMS problems or EMS problems with equality constraints.To handle the above challenges,we apply the idea of a variable reduction strategy(VRS)to an EMS problem,which can accelerate the optimization process of the used EAs and obtain better solutions by simplifying the corresponding EMS problems.Firstly,we define an emergency material allocation and route scheduling model,and a variable neighborhood search and NSGA-II hybrid algorithm(VNS-NSGAII)is designed to solve the model.Secondly,we utilize VRS to simplify the proposed EMS model to enable a lower dimension and fewer equality constraints.Furthermore,we integrate VRS with VNS-NSGAII to solve the reduced EMS model.To prove the effectiveness of VRS on VNS-NSAGII,we construct two test cases,where one case is based on a multi-depot vehicle routing problem and the other case is combined with the initial 5∙12 Wenchuan earthquake emergency material support situation.Experimental results show that VRS can improve the performance of the standard VNS-NSGAII,enabling better optimization efficiency and a higher-quality solution.展开更多
Due to its harmful nature,any incident associated with hazardous material(hazmat)may cause tremendous impacts on the surrounding people and the environment.Focusing on the incident involving this specific type of good...Due to its harmful nature,any incident associated with hazardous material(hazmat)may cause tremendous impacts on the surrounding people and the environment.Focusing on the incident involving this specific type of good,we develop a reliable and robust emergency logistics network that considers both demand uncertainty and possible unavailability of particular links.A time-based risk measure is carefully designed upon the traditional risk assessment to reflect the stakeholder’s sensitivity to risk over response time.The disruption and uncertainty are modeled as two sets of scenarios which are integrated into a bi-objective robust model to evaluate the trade-offs between risk and cost.The effectiveness of the emergency response can be assured by expenditures that add extra capacities to certain links or establish additional facilities that aid recovery from incidents.We apply our model and approach to a real-world network in Guangdong China.Analytical results reveal the necessity of embedding consideration of uncertainty and unreliability into emergency network design problems;outline the importance of hedging against unpredictability by system redundancies;and indicate the impact of stakeholder’s orientation towards cost and risk on the location,allocation,and routing decisions in hazmat emergency response.展开更多
基金Project(71071162)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘The objective of this work was to determine the location of emergency material warehouses. For the site selection problem of emergency material warehouses, the triangular fuzzy numbers are respectively demand of the demand node, the distance between the warehouse and demand node and the cost of the warehouse, a bi-objective programming model was established with minimum total cost of the system and minimum distance between the selected emergency material warehouses and the demand node. Using the theories of fuzzy numbers, the fuzzy programming model was transformed into a determinate bi-objective mixed integer programming model and a heuristic algorithm for this model was designed. Then, the algorithm was proven to be feasible and effective through a numerical example. Analysis results show that the location of emergency material warehouse depends heavily on the values of degree a and weight wl. Accurate information of a certain emergency activity should be collected before making the decision.
文摘The earthqnake emergency material preparation demand analysis can provide the scientific basis for all levels of governments to conduct reasonable and unified configuration of the emergency preparation resources, in order to further optimize the earthquake emergency ability construction to provide reference. This paper takes Datong City of Shanxi Province as an example, using the earthquake risk evaluation method, adopting the deterministic method and probabilistic method to conduct earthquake danger analysis, combined with the earthquake emergency rescue case and the previous scholars＇ research achievements, in order to study and analyze the earthquake emergency material preparation demand in different earthquake dangers.
文摘Construction failures caused by unforeseen circumstances, such as natural disasters, environmental degradation, and structural weaknesses, present significant challenges in achieving durability, safety, and sustainability. This research addresses these challenges through the development of advanced emergency rescue systems incorporating wood-derived nanomaterials and IoT-enabled Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) technologies. The use of nanocellulose which demonstrates outstanding mechanical capabilities and biodegradability alongside high resilience allowed developers to design modular rescue systems that function effectively even under challenging conditions while providing real-time failure protection. Experimental data from testing showed that the replacement system strengthened load-bearing limits by 20% while enhancing impact tolerance by 30% and decreasing lifecycle carbon footprints by 60% against conventional methods. FEA results alongside dynamic simulations established that the system maintains its strength across seismic events and thermal variations and environmental conditions. SHM systems that leverage the Internet of Things Platform revealed 95% accuracy rates in detecting anomalies while improving response speed by 30% for predictive maintenance operations. The innovative solutions support the special issue’s direction to push structural transformation through durable designs and creative materials with preventive failure solutions. The proposed solutions work together toward creating resilient infrastructure systems which resist unexpected stressors and environmental damage.
文摘AS a consequence of China’s past decades as a planned economy, with its over emphasis on production and neglect of circulation, the country’s material flow has long remained at an undeveloped level, with small-scale operation, poor organization, and a lack of equipment. For too long, production and circulation have been unrelated processes.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Pro-gram of China (No.2018YFA0305900)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.11872198,U2030110,51472171,11427810 and 11704014)+8 种基金the Science and Technology Innovation Team of Sichuan Province (No.15CXTD0025)the Key Research Projects of Jingchu University of Technology (Nos.HX202160 and HX2022001)the collaborative project fund between Saudi Aramco and Chengdu Dongwei Technology Co.Ltd (No.4600000955)partially supported by the Shenzhen Science and Technology Program (Nos.JCYJ20190813103201662 and JCYJ20210324121405014)the Key Research Platforms and Research Projects of Universities in Guangdong Province (No.2020ZDZX2035)the Natural Science Foundation of Top Talent of Shenzhen Technology University (SZTU) (No.2019202)the Shenzhen Peacock Plan (No.KQTD2016053019134356)the Guangdong Innovative&Entrepreneurial Research Team Program (No.2016ZT06C279)the Major Science and Technology Infrastructure Project of Material Genome Big-science Facilities Platform supported by Municipal Development and Reform Commission of Shenzhen.
文摘With the development of new synthesis methods and chemistries,a number of new superhard materials have been reported to be harder than diamond.While such materials are highly desirable due to their wide-ranging applications,there are some inherent uncertainties in the methods utilized to determine and define the hardness of such materials.In this paper,we employed the standard Vickers diamond indenter and substitute indenters with the same shape to measure the hardness of nine ceramics and superhard materials within well-defined criteria and methodology,for the assessment of consistency in the hardness testing.The findings and the developed testing method in the current study have broad implications in characterizing new and emerging superhard materials,leading to new discoveries.
基金1.3.5 Project for Disciplines of Excellence,West China Hospital,Sichuan University,Grant/Award Number:ZYJC21047China Postdoctoral Science Foundation,Grant/Award Numbers:2021M692291,2021M692288,2021M702334+8 种基金Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,Grant/Award Numbers:2021SCU12034,2021SCU12013Med-X Center for Materials,Sichuan University,Grant/Award Number:MCM202102National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Numbers:82001824,82001829,51903178,81971622,52173133,82102064,82102065,82071938Post-Doctor Research Project,West China Hospital,Sichuan University,Grant/Award Numbers:2020HXBH071,2020HXBH126the National Key R D Program of China,Grant/Award Numbers:2021YFE0205000,2019YFA0110600,2019YFA0110601the Science and Technology Project of Sichuan Province,Grant/Award Numbers:2021YFH0087,2021YFH0135,2021YFS0050,2021YFH0180,2021YJ0434,2021YJ0554,21YYJC2714,21ZDYF376the Science and Technology Project of the Health Planning Committee of Sichuan,Grant/Award Number:20PJ049the State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering,Grant/Award Number:sklpme2021-4-02Thousand Youth Talents Plan。
文摘Bioelectronics are powerful tools for monitoring and stimulating biological and biochemical processes,with applications ranging from neural interface simulation to biosensing.The increasing demand for bioelectronics has greatly promoted the development of new nanomaterials as detection platforms.Recently,owing to their ultrathin structures and excellent physicochemical properties,emerging two-dimensional(2D)materials have become one of the most researched areas in the fields of bioelectronics and biosensors.In this timely review,the physicochemical structures of the most representative emerging 2D materials and the design of their nanostructures for engineering highperformance bioelectronic and biosensing devices are presented.We focus on the structural optimization of emerging 2D material-based composites to achieve better regulation for enhancing the performance of bioelectronics.Subsequently,the recent developments of emerging 2D materials in bioelectronics,such as neural interface simulation,biomolecular/biomarker detection,and skin sensors are discussed thoroughly.Finally,we provide conclusive views on the current challenges and future perspectives on utilizing emerging 2D materials and their composites for bioelectronics and biosensors.This review will offer important guidance in designing and applying emerging 2D materials in bioelectronics,thus further promoting their prospects in a wide biomedical field.
基金supported by the China Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities under Grant300102228402 and 3100102229103China Xi’an Social Science Planning Fund under Grant 19Z73+1 种基金Shaanxi Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 2019JLP-07the China Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program for College Students under Grant 20191071245
文摘In the emergency management of disruptions,efficient emergency material scheduling(EMS) is a key factor to save people’s lives and reduce loss.Based on the literature of EMS and related areas in recent years,the research was summarized from two aspects of EMS optimization model and algorithms.It is concluded that the EMS optimization models mainly aim at the shortest time,shortest distance,minimum cost,maximum satisfaction and fairness,etc.The constraints usually include the quantity of supply depots,relief supply and vehicles,the types of commodities,the road network conditions,the budgets and the demand forecast of emergency materials.Multi-objective model is more complex and it usually considers more than one objective.To find the optimized solution,the multiobjective model with complex constraints needs more efficient algorithms.The existing algorithms,including mathematic algorithm and heuristic algorithm,have been categorized.For NP-hard(non-deterministic polynomial hard) problems,heuristic algorithms should be designed,which mainly include genetic algorithm(GA),ant colony optimization(ACO),particle swarm optimization(PSO),etc.Based on the characteristics of the optimization model and various algorithms,appropriate algorithm or tools should be chosen and designed to obtain the optimized solution of EMS model.Finally,the development trends of EMS optimization model and algorithm in the future are proposed.
基金the Advanced Research Projects Agency-Energy(ARPA-E),U.S.Department of Energy,under award number DE-AR0001209the National Science Foundation(NSF)Division of Materials Research,under award number DMR-2324173(H.Z.,J.M.R.,and W.C.)+1 种基金the Air Force Office of Scientific Research(AFOSR),under award number FA9550-24-1-0301(W.C.)the Ryan Graduate Fellowship(H.Z.).
文摘CONSPECTUS:The increasing demands of sustainable energy,electronics,and biomedical applications call for next-generation functional materials with unprecedented properties.Of particular interest are emerging materials that display exceptional physical properties,making them promising candidates for energy-efficient microelectronic devices.As the conventional Edisonian approach becomes significantly outpaced by growing societal needs,emerging computational modeling and machine learning methods have been employed for the rational design of materials.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51808187,52062027)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(B210202035)+2 种基金the"Double-First Class"Major Research Programs,Educational Department of Gansu Province(GSSYLXM-04)the Soft Science Special Project of Gansu Basic Research PIan(22JR4ZA035)the Gansu Provincial Science and Technology Major Special Project-Enterprise Innovation Consortium Project(22ZD6GA010)。
文摘Determining the optimal vehicle routing of emergency material distribution(VREMD)is one of the core issues of emergency management,which is strategically important to improve the effectiveness of emergency response and thus reduce the negative impact of large-scale emergency events.To summarize the latest research progress,we collected 511VREMD-related articles published from 2010 to the present from the Scopus database and conducted a bibliometric analysis using VOSviewer software.Subsequently,we cautiously selected 49 articles from these publications for system review;sorted out the latest research progress in model construction and solution algorithms;and summarized the evolution trend of keywords,research gaps,and future works.The results show that domestic scholars and research organizations held an unqualified advantage regarding the number of published papers.However,these organizations with the most publications performed poorly regarding the number of literature citations.China and the US have contributed the vast majority of the literature,and there are close collaborations between researchers from both countries.The optimization model of VREMD can be divided into single-,multi-,and joint-objective models.The shortest travel time is the most common optimization objective in the single-objective optimization model.Several scholars focus on multiobjective optimization models to consider conflicting objectives simultaneously.In recent literature,scholars have focused on the impact of uncertainty and special events(e.g.,COVID-19)on VREMD.Moreover,some scholars focus on joint optimization models to optimize vehicle routes and central locations(or material allocation)simultaneously.Solution algorithms can be divided into two primary categories,i.e.,mathematical planning methods and intelligent evolutionary algorithms.The branch and bound algorithm is the most dominant mathematical planning algorithm,while genetic algorithms and their enhancements are the most commonly used intelligent evolutionary algorithms.It is shown that the nondominated sorting genetic algorithmⅡ(NSGA-Ⅱ)can effectively solve the multiobjective model of VREMD.To further improve the algorithm’s performance,researchers have proposed improved hybrid intelligent algorithms that combine the advantages of NSGA-Ⅱand certain other algorithms.Scholars have also proposed a series of optimization algorithms for specific scenarios.With the development of new technologies and computation methods,it will be exciting to construct optimization models that consider uncertainty,heterogeneity,and temporality for large-scale real-world issues and develop generalized solution approaches rather than those applicable to specific scenarios.
基金financial supports from the General Project of Military Logistics Research (No. CLB19J025)333 High Level Talents Training Project of Jiangsu Province (No. BRA2019011)+4 种基金Distinguished Scholars Foundation of Jiangsu Province (No.JCRCB2016006)Key Technology R&D Program of Jiangsu Province(No. BE2018010 and BE2019002)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (No. BK20180730)Nanjing Science and Technology Development Project (No. 201803051)Postgraduate Research&Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province(KYCX20_0150)。
文摘Four-dimensional(4 D) printing technology is an extension of three-dimensional(3 D) printing technology that enables a 3 D-printed static structure to dynamically change its shape with time. Therefore, the resulting structure can undergo self-folding/unfolding assisted by some stimuli. This technology has made much initial progress in many industrial fields. Aiming to investigate the in-depth application value of4 D printing, this study reviews the recent research and application breakthroughs of 4 D printing in several emerging directions, including the simulation of plant and animal behaviors, smart tissue scaffolds and biomedical devices, food printing, digitalization of industrial art design, renewable energy, intelligent communication, soft electronics and robots, vehicle optimization, textile customization, and flexible machinery and mechanical structure. Based on the analyses of specific cases and processes, we present the current obstacles to large-scale applications and the future prospects.
文摘Developing a reasonable and efficient emergency material scheduling plan is of great significance to decreasing casualties and property losses.Real-world emergency material scheduling(EMS)problems are typically large-scale and possess complex constraints.An evolutionary algorithm(EA)is one of the effective methods for solving EMS problems.However,the existing EAs still face great challenges when dealing with large-scale EMS problems or EMS problems with equality constraints.To handle the above challenges,we apply the idea of a variable reduction strategy(VRS)to an EMS problem,which can accelerate the optimization process of the used EAs and obtain better solutions by simplifying the corresponding EMS problems.Firstly,we define an emergency material allocation and route scheduling model,and a variable neighborhood search and NSGA-II hybrid algorithm(VNS-NSGAII)is designed to solve the model.Secondly,we utilize VRS to simplify the proposed EMS model to enable a lower dimension and fewer equality constraints.Furthermore,we integrate VRS with VNS-NSGAII to solve the reduced EMS model.To prove the effectiveness of VRS on VNS-NSAGII,we construct two test cases,where one case is based on a multi-depot vehicle routing problem and the other case is combined with the initial 5∙12 Wenchuan earthquake emergency material support situation.Experimental results show that VRS can improve the performance of the standard VNS-NSGAII,enabling better optimization efficiency and a higher-quality solution.
基金This research has been supported by Discovery Grants from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada(grant#:RGPIN-2015-04013,RGPIN-2022-03514).
文摘Due to its harmful nature,any incident associated with hazardous material(hazmat)may cause tremendous impacts on the surrounding people and the environment.Focusing on the incident involving this specific type of good,we develop a reliable and robust emergency logistics network that considers both demand uncertainty and possible unavailability of particular links.A time-based risk measure is carefully designed upon the traditional risk assessment to reflect the stakeholder’s sensitivity to risk over response time.The disruption and uncertainty are modeled as two sets of scenarios which are integrated into a bi-objective robust model to evaluate the trade-offs between risk and cost.The effectiveness of the emergency response can be assured by expenditures that add extra capacities to certain links or establish additional facilities that aid recovery from incidents.We apply our model and approach to a real-world network in Guangdong China.Analytical results reveal the necessity of embedding consideration of uncertainty and unreliability into emergency network design problems;outline the importance of hedging against unpredictability by system redundancies;and indicate the impact of stakeholder’s orientation towards cost and risk on the location,allocation,and routing decisions in hazmat emergency response.
