In order to study the effect of rice straw returning and seeding patterns on seedling emergence and grain yield, field experiment was conducted to investi- gate the effects of straw mechanized returning and different ...In order to study the effect of rice straw returning and seeding patterns on seedling emergence and grain yield, field experiment was conducted to investi- gate the effects of straw mechanized returning and different seeding patterns on e- mergence rate, emergence uniformity and yield traits of wheat after rice. The results were as follows： in rice straw removal treatments, the emergence rate of mechani- cal seeding in drill was lower than that of mechanical uniform planting and manual broadcast sowing, which were 51.84%, 90.89% and 88.87%, respectively; the emer- gence uniformity of manual broadcast sowing was inferior to mechanical seeding in drill and mechanical uniform planting, which were 0.49, 0.26 and 0.23, respectively. As for the treatments with rice straw returning to the field, the emergence rate and emergence uniformity all decreased in the three seeding patterns, of which mechan- ical seeding in drill dropped markedly with emergence rate decreased by 36.54%. The emergence rate and emergence uniformity affected grain yield by affecting pan- icle, grains per spike and 1 000-grain weight. The grain yield for the treatment with rice straw removal was 6 091.34 kg/hm2, while that with rice straw returning to field was 6 476.20 kg/hm2, and both were higher than the yields of the other two seed- ing patterns. Therefore, mechanical uniform planting was？recommended for its higher emergence rate, better emergence uniformity, which was conductive to increase grain yield in wheat after rice production with rice straw returning to field.展开更多
Testing techniques to reduce weed infestation is a crucial step in developing direct tree seeding systems. The use of pre-emergence herbicides may be an alternative to manual weeding techniques, but so far, informatio...Testing techniques to reduce weed infestation is a crucial step in developing direct tree seeding systems. The use of pre-emergence herbicides may be an alternative to manual weeding techniques, but so far, information on how they affect the seeds of native tree species is scarce. We established a greenhouse experiment to evaluate the effects of four pre-emergence herbicides (atrazine, diuron, isoxaflutole and oxyfluorfen) on weed suppression and seedling emergence and early growth of seven tropical forest tree species (Annona coriacea Mart., Citharexylum myrianthum Cham., Cordia ecalyculata Vell., Peltophorum dubium (Spreng.) Taub., Psidium guajava L., Pterogyne nitens Tul. and Schinus terebinthifolia Raddi). The experimental design was a randomized complete block design with five treatments and five replicates. The treatments consisted of a single dose of each pre-emergence herbicide and a control. Throughout the 60 days after sowing we evaluated weed cover and seedling emergence and early growth of tree species. Overall, our results suggest that all tested herbicides reduced weed cover; however, they also negatively affected tree species seedling emergence. Of the four herbicides tested, atrazine and diuron showed the greatest effects on tree seedling emergence, oxyfluorfen was least aggressive towards native species and isoxaflutole was most effective in weed control. Native tree species varied in their responses to herbicides, indicating that future experiments should increase the number of species tested as well as investigate how seed traits can affect the species responses to different herbicides.展开更多
[ Objective ] The research aimed to study the pupa changes and emergence behaviors of Dacne picta Crotch. [ Method ] The D. p/cta reared in the labo- ratory were observed and recorded. [ Result ] Before the emergence,...[ Objective ] The research aimed to study the pupa changes and emergence behaviors of Dacne picta Crotch. [ Method ] The D. p/cta reared in the labo- ratory were observed and recorded. [ Result ] Before the emergence, the color of compound eyes, maxillae, tarsi and wing pads d pupae was gradually deepened. The 14^th- 16^th d after pupation were the peak time for emergence, and the ratio of female to male was close to 1： 0.77. During the emergence, the puparium of D. picta dehisced from pronotum, and the hind wing had extension phenomenon before contraction and folding. [ Conclusion] The research confirmed the pupa changes and the emergence behaviors of D. picta.展开更多
Background: Emergence agitation (EA) is a common phenomenon observed in pediatric patients following general anesthesia. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of propofol and fentanyl in preventing EA and to compare...Background: Emergence agitation (EA) is a common phenomenon observed in pediatric patients following general anesthesia. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of propofol and fentanyl in preventing EA and to compare their associated complications or side effects. Methods: This prospective randomized observational comparative study was conducted at Dhaka Medical College Hospital from July 2013 to June 2014. The study aimed to evaluate the effects of propofol and fentanyl on EA in children aged 18 to 72 months undergoing circumcision, herniotomy, and polypectomy operations. Ninety children were included in the study, with 45 in each group. Patients with psychological or neurological disorders were excluded. Various parameters including age, sex, weight, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) class, duration of anesthesia, Saturation of Peripheral Oxygen (SPO2), heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR), Pediatric Anesthesia Emergence Delirium (PAED) score, duration of post-anesthesia care unit (PACU) stay, incidence of laryngospasm, nausea, vomiting, and rescue drug requirement were compared between the two groups. Results: Age, sex, weight, ASA class, and duration of anesthesia were comparable between the two groups. Perioperative SpO2 and HR were similar in both groups. However, the PAED score was significantly higher in the fentanyl group during all follow-ups except at 30 minutes postoperatively. The mean duration of PACU stay was significantly longer in the fentanyl group. Although the incidence of laryngospasm was higher in the fentanyl group, it was not statistically significant. Conversely, nausea or vomiting was significantly higher in the fentanyl group. The requirement for rescue drugs was significantly higher in the fentanyl group compared to the propofol group. Conclusion: Both propofol and fentanyl were effective in preventing emergence agitation in pediatric patients undergoing various surgical procedures under sevoflurane anesthesia. However, propofol demonstrated a better safety profile with fewer incidences of nausea, vomiting, and rescue drug requirements compared to fentanyl.展开更多
Objective:To determine the larvicidal and adult emergence inhibition activities of castor （Ricinus communis） seed extract against three potential mosquito vectors Anopheles stephensi（An. slephensi）,Culex quinquefa...Objective:To determine the larvicidal and adult emergence inhibition activities of castor （Ricinus communis） seed extract against three potential mosquito vectors Anopheles stephensi（An. slephensi）,Culex quinquefasciatus（Cx.quinquefasciatus） and Aedes albopictus（Ae.albopictus） in India.Methods:The R.communis seed extract was tested,employing WHO procedure,against fourth larval instars of the three mosquito species for 24 h and larval mortalities were recorded at various concentrations（2-64μg/mL）:the 24 h LC<sub>50</sub> values of the R.communis seed extract were determined following Probit analysis.The larval killing,antipupation and adult emergence inhibition rates of the test extract,using a single concentration of 2μLC<sub>50</sub>,were studied at different time periods（24-72 h）:the extract toxicity was tested against a fish.Oreochromis niloticus（O.niloticus）.Results:The R.communis seed extract exhibited larvicidal effects with 100%killing activities at concentrations 32-64μg/mL,and with LC<sub>50</sub> values 7.10.11.64 and 16.84μg/mL for Cx.quinquefasciatus,An.stephensi and Ae.albopictus larvae,respectively. When the larvae were treated with the extract at a single concentration of 2×LC<sub>50</sub>,significant differences were observed,compared to control groups,in rate of pupation（P【0.001） as well as in adult formation（P【0.001）.Conclusions:The present findings suggest that the R.communis seed extract provided an excellent potential for controlling An.stephensi,Cx.quinquefasciatus and Ae. albopictus mosquito vectors.展开更多
Seedling emergence tests were conducted in a meadow brown soil using five plant species(i.e., Chinese cabbage, green onion, tomato, turnip and wheat) to determine the phytotoxicity of phenanthrene, pyrene and their mi...Seedling emergence tests were conducted in a meadow brown soil using five plant species(i.e., Chinese cabbage, green onion, tomato, turnip and wheat) to determine the phytotoxicity of phenanthrene, pyrene and their mixtures. The soil was amended with up to 1000 mg/kg soil of phenanthrene or 600 mg/kg soil of pyrene. Seedling emergence and root growth were measured. The results indicated that root elongation was more sensitive than seedling emergence. Root length decreased with increasing phenanthrene or pyrene concentrations(p≤0 05). Phenanthrene was more phytotoxic than pyrene. The lowest observable adverse effect concentration(LOAEC) was 10 mg/kg for phenanthrene when tested with green onion, and 50 mg/kg for pyrene when tested with wheat. Among the five species, wheat was found to be the most sensitive. When amended jointly at or below their respective LOAEC, phenanthrene and pyrene produced a synergistic toxic effect.展开更多
Climate change is shifting the amount and frequency of precipitation in many regions, which is expected to affect seedling recruitment across ecosystems. However, the combined effects of precipitation amount and frequ...Climate change is shifting the amount and frequency of precipitation in many regions, which is expected to affect seedling recruitment across ecosystems. However, the combined effects of precipitation amount and frequency on seedling recruitment remain largely unknown. An understanding of the effects of precipitation amount and frequency and their interaction on seedling emergence and growth of typical desert plants is vital for managing populations of desert plants. We conducted two experiments to study the effects of variation in precipitation on Reaumuria soongarica （Pall.） Maxim. First, greenhouse experiments were conducted to examine the effects of three precipitation amount treatments （ambient, ＋30%, and -30%） and two precipitation frequency treatments （ambient and -50%） on seedling emergence. Second, the morphological responses of R. soongarica to changes in precipitation amount and frequency were tested in a controlled field experiment. Stage-specific changes in growth were monitored by sampling in different growth seasons. Our results showed that precipitation amount significantly affected germination, seedling emergence, and growth of R. soongarica, and there was a larger effect with decreased precipitation frequency compared with ambient. Germination and seedling emergence increased as precipitation increased under the same frequency of precipitation. The highest emergence percentage was obtained with a 30% increase in precipitation amount and a 50% reduction in precipitation frequency. Compared with ambient precipitation, a 30% increase in precipitation amount increased above- and below-ground biomass accumulation of R. soongarica during the growth season. A decrease of 30% in precipitation amount also resulted in an increase in below-ground biomass and root/shoot ratio in the early stages of the growth season, however, above- and below-ground biomass showed the opposite results at the end of the growth season, with larger effects on above-ground than below-ground biomass under decreased precipitation frequency. When precipitation frequency decreased by 50%, values of all growth traits increased for a given amount of precipitation. We concluded that precipitation frequency may be as important as precipitation amount to seedling emergence and growth of R. soongarica, and that understanding the effects of precipitation variability on seedling recruitment requires the integration of both precipitation amount and frequency. In particular, the combination of a 30% increase in precipitation amount and 50% reduction in precipitation frequency increased the emergence and growth of seedlings, suggesting that alteration of amount and frequency of precipitation caused by climate change may have significant effects on seedling recruitment of R. soongarica.展开更多
The pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella （Lepidoptera： Gelechiidae） is one of the most serious lepidopteran pests of cotton in the world. This pest invaded China at the onset of the 20th century, possibly throug...The pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella （Lepidoptera： Gelechiidae） is one of the most serious lepidopteran pests of cotton in the world. This pest invaded China at the onset of the 20th century, possibly through repeated introductions from several different locations worldwide. In this paper, we describe different behavioral parameters of this Hubei P. gossypiella strain under laboratory and field conditions. Using an infra-red video recorder, we observed （nocturnal） emergence, flight and mating activities, and oviposition patterns. Moth emergence started from 13：00 and continued up till 23：00. Under laboratory and field conditions, 2-7-d-old moths initiated flight around sunset, peaked 50 rain later and gradually declined until 04：00. Although mating started immediately after darkness （i.e., 20：00）, mating behavior was most intense from 23：00 to 03：40. Oviposition also showed distinct time-related patterns, with approx. 70% eggs laid between 20：00 and 22：00. In the studies of the relationship between flight and oviposition, the duration of flight had an effect on oviposition. The 1-d-old moths flown for 6 and 12 h began oviposition earlier than the unflown ones, and the 6-h flight had no effect on the egg production. However, the longevity of the flown moths was shortened after flight. In addition, the peaks of oviposition for the flown moths were advanced 2-3 d. The age when the moths flied affected the oviposition of adult moths. The earlier the moths started to fly after emergence, the greater the fecundity they had. The average egg production of moths flown for 24 h was less than that of non-flown moths which were of the same age. Both flight and delay in mating could advance the oviposition peak. Our study provides detailed insights in nocturnal activities and the reproductive biology of local P. gossypiella populations, which could be employed to fine-tune current pest management programs in China.展开更多
In this study influence of different seed priming treatments on the nutrient-homeostasis and reserve metabolism during seedling emergence and growth of rice were determined. Seed priming treatments included pre-germin...In this study influence of different seed priming treatments on the nutrient-homeostasis and reserve metabolism during seedling emergence and growth of rice were determined. Seed priming treatments included pre-germination, hydropriming for 48 h, osmohardening with KCl and CaCl2, ascorbate priming and hardening. All treatments shortened the emergence time and enhanced the energy and index of seedling emergence. Seedlings from primed seeds had greater length, number of roots and fresh and dry mass than control. Among the treatments, CaCl2, ascorbate and KCl proved better in enhancing emergence and seedling growth. Seed priming changed the pattern of N and Ca^2＋ homeostasis both of the seeds and seedlings, which were associated to enhancing s-amylase activity and reducing sugars content. Positive correlations of seedling attributes with nutrient content suggested that as a result of seed priming, most of N and Ca^2＋ were partitioned to embryo, which enhanced seedling emergence and subsequent growth of rice seedlings.展开更多
We investigated the effect of seed mass on emergence, seedling survival and growth ofPterocarpus marsupium Roxb., a medium to large, commercially valuable and deciduous tree species. Among the three size classes viz. ...We investigated the effect of seed mass on emergence, seedling survival and growth ofPterocarpus marsupium Roxb., a medium to large, commercially valuable and deciduous tree species. Among the three size classes viz. small （10-12 mm）, medium （13-15 mm） and large （16-17 mm）, the maximum proportion, of seed by number （54.12%） and dry weight （51.87%） was recorded, in the medium size seed class. Seed length and seed width were greatest in the large seed class （16.50 mm, 7.33 mm） followed by medium （13.50 mm, 5.60 mm） and small （11.37 ram, 3.66 mm）. Similarly, hundred seed weight （100 sw） varied from a maximum of 12.92 g in the large seed class to intermediate 10.95 g in the medium seed class and minimum of 7.02 g in the small seed class. The large seed size showed maximum emergence and shoot length over the medium and small seed class. After six months of growth, significant variations due to seed size were also observed for the growth and dry weight of P. marsupium seedlings. Seedling vigour, expressed in terms of height, collar diameter, number of leaves and dry biomass, was sig- nificantly affected by seed class. Seedlings that emerged from large seeds showed better growth and produced heavier seedlings as compared to medium and small seeds.展开更多
In the current study,we sought to investigate whether T-type Ca^(2+)channels(TCCs)in the brain are involved in generating post-anesthetic hyperexcitatory behaviors(PAHBs).We found that younger rat pups(postnatal days ...In the current study,we sought to investigate whether T-type Ca^(2+)channels(TCCs)in the brain are involved in generating post-anesthetic hyperexcitatory behaviors(PAHBs).We found that younger rat pups(postnatal days 9-11)had a higher incidence of PAHBs and higher PAHB scores than older pups(postnatal days16-18)during emergence from sevoflurane anesthesia.The power spectrum of the theta oscillations(4 Hz-8 Hz)in the prefrontal cortex was significantly enhanced in younger pups when PAHBs occurred,while there were no significant changes in older pups.Both the power of theta oscillations and the level of PAHBs were significantly reduced by the administration of TCC inhibitors.Moreover,the sensitivity of TCCs in the medial dorsal thalamic nucleus to sevoflurane was found to increase with age by investigating the kinetic properties of TCCs in vitro.TCCs were activated by potentiated GABAergic depolarization with a sub-anesthetic dose of sevoflurane(1%).These data suggest that(1)TCCs in the brain contribute to the generation of PAHBs and the concomitant electroencephalographic changes;(2)the stronger inhibitory effect of sevoflurane contributes to the lack of PAHBs in older rats;and(3)the contribution of TCCs to PAHBs is not mediated by a direct effect of sevoflurane on TCCs.展开更多
BACKGROUND General anesthesia is commonly used in the surgical management of gastrointestinal tumors;however,it can lead to emergence agitation(EA).EA is a common complication associated with general anesthesia,often ...BACKGROUND General anesthesia is commonly used in the surgical management of gastrointestinal tumors;however,it can lead to emergence agitation(EA).EA is a common complication associated with general anesthesia,often characterized by behaviors,such as crying,struggling,and involuntary limb movements in patients.If treatment is delayed,there is a risk of incision cracking and bleeding,which can significantly affect surgical outcomes.Therefore,having a proper understanding of the factors influencing the occurrence of EA and implementing early preventive measures may reduce the incidence of agitation during the recovery phase from general anesthesia,which is beneficial for improving patient prognosis.AIM To analyze influencing factors and develop a risk prediction model for EA occurrence following general anesthesia for primary liver cancer.METHODS Retrospective analysis of clinical data from 200 patients who underwent hepatoma resection under general anesthesia at Wenzhou Central Hospital(January 2020 to December 2023)was conducted.Post-surgery,the Richmond Agitation-Sedation Scale was used to evaluate EA presence,noting EA incidence after general anesthesia.Patients were categorized by EA presence postoperatively,and the influencing factors were analyzed using logistic regression.A nomogram-based risk prediction model was constructed and evaluated for differentiation and fit using receiver operating characteristics and calibration curves.RESULTS EA occurred in 51(25.5%)patients.Multivariate analysis identified advanced age,American Society of Anesthesiologists(ASA)grade Ⅲ,indwelling catheter use,and postoperative pain as risk factors for EA(P<0.05).Conversely,postoperative analgesia was a protective factor against EA(P<0.05).The area under the curve of the nomogram was 0.972[95%confidence interval(CI):0.947-0.997]for the training set and 0.979(95%CI:0.951-1.000)for the test set.Hosmer-Lemeshow test showed a good fit(χ^(2)=5.483,P=0.705),and calibration curves showed agreement between predicted and actual EA incidence.CONCLUSION Age,ASA grade,catheter use,postoperative pain,and analgesia significantly influence EA occurrence.A nomogram constructed using these factors demonstrates strong predictive accuracy.展开更多
Objective:To determine the adult emergence inhibition（EI） and adulticidal activities of hexane,chloroform,ethyl acetate,and acetone leaves extracts of Anisomeles malabarica（A. malabarica）,Euphorbia hirta（E,hirta...Objective:To determine the adult emergence inhibition（EI） and adulticidal activities of hexane,chloroform,ethyl acetate,and acetone leaves extracts of Anisomeles malabarica（A. malabarica）,Euphorbia hirta（E,hirta）,Ocimum basilicum（0.basilicum）,Ricinus communis（R. communis）,Solanum trilobatum（S.trilobatum）,Tridax procumbens（T.procumbens） and seeds of Gloriosa superba（G.superba） against Anopheles stephensi（An,stephensi）.Methods:The EI and adulticidal trials were carried out according to World Health Organization（WHO） procedures with slight modifications.The extracts were diluted in dimethyl sulphoxide in order to prepare a serial dilution of test dosages（15.625,31.25,62.5,125,250,500 and 1 000μg/mL）.Five duplicate trials were carried out for every sample concentration,and for each trial a negative control was included and the mortality was determined after 24 h of exposure.Results:The highest EI activity was found in ethyl acetate extracts of A malabarica,chloroform extracts of O.basilicum, S.trilobatum,acetone of extract of R.communis,T.procumbens,and seed extract of G.superba with EI<sub>50</sub> values 143.12,119.82.157.87,139.39,111.19,and 134.85μg/mL,and the effective adulticidal activity was observed in chloroform,acetone extracts of G.superba,T.procumbens,R. communis,S.trilobatum and ethyl acetate extract of 0.basilicum with LD<sub>50</sub> values 120.17,108.77, 127.22,163.11,118.27,and 93.02μg/mL,respectively.Chi-square value was significant at P【0.05 level.Conclusions:These results should encourage further efforts to investigate the compounds that might possess good EI and adulticidal properties when isolated in pure form.展开更多
This paper reports the approprite ranges of Mg 2+, Ca 2+ and their ratio Mg 2+/Ca 2+ in mixed seawater for rearing of Penaeus japonicus larvae. The ranges for the above three indices are 1150-1450 mg/L, 360-440 mg/L a...This paper reports the approprite ranges of Mg 2+, Ca 2+ and their ratio Mg 2+/Ca 2+ in mixed seawater for rearing of Penaeus japonicus larvae. The ranges for the above three indices are 1150-1450 mg/L, 360-440 mg/L and 2.8-3.4, respectively. The proper salinity range of mixed seawater is 22.1-33.8 obtained by mixing estuarine water and concentrated seawater.展开更多
Low temperature coupled with high soil moisture during sowing to emergence generally results in poor peanut stand,thereby posing a non-negligible threat to peanut production in north and northeast China.Five high-olei...Low temperature coupled with high soil moisture during sowing to emergence generally results in poor peanut stand,thereby posing a non-negligible threat to peanut production in north and northeast China.Five high-oleic(HO)peanut cultivars and 4 seed dressing treatments capable of controlling several diseases and insect pests along with untreated checks were used to find the best combinations to cope with the dual stresses during sowing to emergence period.High broad-sense hereditability estimates of seedling emergence indicated great potential for genetic improvement of this trait.Analysis of variance in the split-plot experiment showed that the main effects of variety and seed dressing and their interaction on seedling emergence were significant.Seed dressing treatments increased seedling emergence percentage by 2.09–35.00 percent points.Four of the 5 HO peanut cultivars yielded satisfactory results.For Huayu 665,Huayu 668 and Huayu 965,Huweisanbao may be the best option;for Huayu 962,Weilidan was highly acceptable.These combinations will be evaluated further in multiple environments before large-scale extension.展开更多
BACKGROUND This study employs a descriptive phenomenological approach to investigate the challenges anesthesia nurses face in managing emergence delirium(ED),a common and complex postoperative complication in the post...BACKGROUND This study employs a descriptive phenomenological approach to investigate the challenges anesthesia nurses face in managing emergence delirium(ED),a common and complex postoperative complication in the post-anesthesia care unit.The role of nurses in managing ED is critical,yet research on their understanding and management strategies for ED is lacking.AIM To investigate anesthetic nurses’cognition and management experiences of ED in hopes of developing a standardized management protocol.METHODS This study employed a descriptive phenomenological approach from qualitative research methodologies.Purposeful sampling was utilized to select 12 anesthetic nurses from a tertiary hospital in Shanghai as research subjects.Semi-structured interviews were conducted,and the data were organized and analyzed using Colaizzi’s seven-step analysis method,from which the final themes were extracted.RESULTS After analyzing the interview content,four main themes and eight subthemes were distilled:Inefficient cognition hinders the identification of ED(conceptual ambiguity,empirical identification),managing diversity and challenges(patientcentered safe care,low level of medical-nursing collaboration),work responsibilities and pressure coexist(heavy work responsibilities,occupational risks and stress),demand for high-quality management(expecting the construction of predictive assessment tools and prevention strategies,and pursuing standardized management processes to enhance management effectiveness).CONCLUSION Nursing managers should prioritize the needs and suggestions of nurses in order to enhance their nursing capabilities and provide guidance for standardized management processes.展开更多
The purpose of this paper is to explore the safe and effective dose of dexmedetomidin for the prevention of agitation and delirium during the awakening period for children undergoing general anesthesia. Samples of 989...The purpose of this paper is to explore the safe and effective dose of dexmedetomidin for the prevention of agitation and delirium during the awakening period for children undergoing general anesthesia. Samples of 989 cases are collected from children with comprehensive treatment of dental caries, and were randomly divided into four groups. Group A, group B and group C were intravenously at constant speed （60 mL/h）, 0.5 and 0.25 infusion with 1 μg/kg dexmedetomidine. Group D （control group） was intravenously saline at the same speed. The score of 5-point scale and the incidence of ED （emergency delirium） and EA （emergence agitation） in four groups were compared. Comparison of four groups of CHIPPS （children and infants postoperative pain） score, the amount of operation time and record seven halothane （TO）, time to stop cover drug withdrawal of laryngeal anesthesia （TM）, eye opening time （TE）, independent records of children at the time of ICU stay after anesthesia （TP）. Results show that there was no significant difference between the four groups （p 〉 0.05）, among which the TM in B, C groups was significantly higher than that in A, D groups （p 〈 0.05）. Group C was significantly higher than group B （p 〈 0.05）. There was no significant difference in TE and TP between the A, B, D groups （p 〉 0. 05）. TE in group C was significantly higher than that in groups A, D （p 〉 0. 05）. The TP of group C was significantly higher than that of groups A, D （p 〈 0.05）, but there was no significant difference between the B, C groups （p 〉 0.05）. The incidence rates of EA and ED in groups A and B were significantly lower than those in group D （p 〈 0.05）. Group C was significantly lower than group A （p 〈 0.05）. There was no significant difference between group C and group C （p 〉 0.05）. The CHIPPS score and sevoflurane dosage in groups A and B were significantly lower than those in group D （p 〈 0.05）. Group C was significantly lower than group A （p 〈 0.05）. There was no significant difference between group C （p 〉 0.05）. Conclusion： the dose of dexmetomidine 0.5 μg/kg in children with general anesthesia can prevent restlessness and delirium after operation.展开更多
BACKGROUND Emergence delirium(EmD)is a troublesome motoric,emotional,and cognitive disturbance associated with morbidity.It is often misdiagnosed despite being present in a substantial proportion of children and adole...BACKGROUND Emergence delirium(EmD)is a troublesome motoric,emotional,and cognitive disturbance associated with morbidity.It is often misdiagnosed despite being present in a substantial proportion of children and adolescents during emergence from anesthesia.AIM To evaluate the summary diagnostic accuracy of Pediatric Anesthesia Emergence Delirium Scale(PAEDS)for EmD among children and adolescents.METHODS Two researchers electronically and hand searched the published literature from May 2004 to February 2021 that evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of PAEDS for EmD among children and adolescents,using appropriate terms.Two independent researchers extracted the diagnostic parameters and appraised the study quality with QUADAS-2.Overall,the diagnostic accuracy of the measures was calculated with the summary receiver operating characteristic curve(SROC),the summary sensitivity and specificity,and diagnostic odds ratio(DOR)for EmD.Various diagnostic cut-off points were evaluated for their diagnostic accuracy.Heterogeneity was analyzed by meta-regression.RESULTS Nine diagnostic accuracy studies of EmD that conformed to our selection criteria and PRISMA guidelines were included in the final analysis.There was no publication bias.The area under the SROC was 0.97(95%confidence interval[CI]:95%-98%).Summary sensitivity and specificity were 0.91(95%CI:0.81-0.96;I2=92.93%)and 0.94(95%CI:0.89-0.97;I2=87.44%),respectively.The summary DOR was 148.33(95%CI:48.32-455.32).The effect size for the subgroup analysis of PAEDS cut-off scores of<10,≥10,and≥12 was 3.73,2.19,and 2.93,respectively;they were not statistically significantly different.The setting of the study and reference standard were statistically significantly related to the sensitivity of PAEDS but not specificity.CONCLUSION The PAEDS is an accurate diagnostic measure for the diagnosis of EmD among children and adolescents.Further studies should document its clinical utility.展开更多
The health status of 18 sweet corn (Zea mays L. saccharata Sturt) hybrids classified to two types, collected from five areas in China, was examined by PDA method, and factors influencing seed health and relationships ...The health status of 18 sweet corn (Zea mays L. saccharata Sturt) hybrids classified to two types, collected from five areas in China, was examined by PDA method, and factors influencing seed health and relationships between seed health and field seedling emergence were studied. Seventeen fungal genera were isolated and Fusarium was the most frequently isolated. There were significant differences both in incidence of Fusarium and in percentage of infected seeds among 18 hybrids. Research also showed that significant and consistent differences both in seed-borne fungal taxa and in percentage of infected seeds existed between two types of sweet corn. Sugar enhanced corn is more slightly infected than super sweet corn both in fungal taxa (13 and 16, respectively) and in percentage of infected seeds (62.0 and 79.2%, respectively). There were also significant differences both in seed-borne fungal taxa and in percentage of infected seeds among five areas. Seeds from South China were most severely infected, for there were 14 fungal genera detected and the percentage of infected seeds was highly 99.1% while those from Northwest China were slightly infected, for there were 10 fungal genera detected and the percentage of infected seeds was only 14.3%. Further research showed that there were significant negative correlations both between incidence of Fusarium and percentage of field seedling emergence and between percentage of infected seeds and percentage of field seedling emergence. Percentage of field seedling emergence could be estimated by regression equations built by regression analysis.展开更多
With the rise of organic agriculture,researches on the production of slow-release organic fertilizer from natural organic materials have attracted much attention.Plant protein and peptides have potential applications ...With the rise of organic agriculture,researches on the production of slow-release organic fertilizer from natural organic materials have attracted much attention.Plant protein and peptides have potential applications in agricultural production.The effects of bioactive peptides derived from plant protein on rice seed germination and seedling growth and development were systematically studied using bioassays and greenhouse growth experiments.The feasibility of phytoprotein peptide application in the rice seedling stage was discussed.The results showed that the phytoprotein peptides had no adverse effects on rice,and the application when applied to rice seedlings,phytoprotein peptides within a certain concentration range produced obvious promotion effects on the growth and development of rice seedlings,which were more pronounced in the underground part of the plants.Phytoprotein peptides increased root length and dry matter accumulation and improved the robustness of rice seedlings.A 40 g·mol^(-1)·L^(-1) dose of phytoprotein peptides increased root length,plant fresh weight,plant dry weight,root fresh weight and root dry weight by 59.24%,20.14%,26.32%,51.57%and 81.70%,respectively compared to the control.In addition,the phytoprotein peptides significantly increased the chlorophyll content,root activity and nitrate reductase activity of rice seedlings,as well as superoxide dismutase,peroxidase,catalase andβ-1,3-glucanase activity in rice leaves,which could improve stress resistance.Plant peptides were simple to produce and cost-effective.Reasonable development and excavation of plant protein and protein hydrolysate peptide in China's agricultural application had a good practical basis and value significance.展开更多
文摘In order to study the effect of rice straw returning and seeding patterns on seedling emergence and grain yield, field experiment was conducted to investi- gate the effects of straw mechanized returning and different seeding patterns on e- mergence rate, emergence uniformity and yield traits of wheat after rice. The results were as follows： in rice straw removal treatments, the emergence rate of mechani- cal seeding in drill was lower than that of mechanical uniform planting and manual broadcast sowing, which were 51.84%, 90.89% and 88.87%, respectively; the emer- gence uniformity of manual broadcast sowing was inferior to mechanical seeding in drill and mechanical uniform planting, which were 0.49, 0.26 and 0.23, respectively. As for the treatments with rice straw returning to the field, the emergence rate and emergence uniformity all decreased in the three seeding patterns, of which mechan- ical seeding in drill dropped markedly with emergence rate decreased by 36.54%. The emergence rate and emergence uniformity affected grain yield by affecting pan- icle, grains per spike and 1 000-grain weight. The grain yield for the treatment with rice straw removal was 6 091.34 kg/hm2, while that with rice straw returning to field was 6 476.20 kg/hm2, and both were higher than the yields of the other two seed- ing patterns. Therefore, mechanical uniform planting was？recommended for its higher emergence rate, better emergence uniformity, which was conductive to increase grain yield in wheat after rice production with rice straw returning to field.
基金financially supported by a Scientific Initiation Scholarship from FAPESP(So Paulo Research Council)financially supported by a Research Productivity Fellowship from CNPq(National Council for Research and Technological Development)
文摘Testing techniques to reduce weed infestation is a crucial step in developing direct tree seeding systems. The use of pre-emergence herbicides may be an alternative to manual weeding techniques, but so far, information on how they affect the seeds of native tree species is scarce. We established a greenhouse experiment to evaluate the effects of four pre-emergence herbicides (atrazine, diuron, isoxaflutole and oxyfluorfen) on weed suppression and seedling emergence and early growth of seven tropical forest tree species (Annona coriacea Mart., Citharexylum myrianthum Cham., Cordia ecalyculata Vell., Peltophorum dubium (Spreng.) Taub., Psidium guajava L., Pterogyne nitens Tul. and Schinus terebinthifolia Raddi). The experimental design was a randomized complete block design with five treatments and five replicates. The treatments consisted of a single dose of each pre-emergence herbicide and a control. Throughout the 60 days after sowing we evaluated weed cover and seedling emergence and early growth of tree species. Overall, our results suggest that all tested herbicides reduced weed cover; however, they also negatively affected tree species seedling emergence. Of the four herbicides tested, atrazine and diuron showed the greatest effects on tree seedling emergence, oxyfluorfen was least aggressive towards native species and isoxaflutole was most effective in weed control. Native tree species varied in their responses to herbicides, indicating that future experiments should increase the number of species tested as well as investigate how seed traits can affect the species responses to different herbicides.
基金Supported by Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province(C2010000705)Dr.Start Funds in Hebei Agricultural University~~
文摘[ Objective ] The research aimed to study the pupa changes and emergence behaviors of Dacne picta Crotch. [ Method ] The D. p/cta reared in the labo- ratory were observed and recorded. [ Result ] Before the emergence, the color of compound eyes, maxillae, tarsi and wing pads d pupae was gradually deepened. The 14^th- 16^th d after pupation were the peak time for emergence, and the ratio of female to male was close to 1： 0.77. During the emergence, the puparium of D. picta dehisced from pronotum, and the hind wing had extension phenomenon before contraction and folding. [ Conclusion] The research confirmed the pupa changes and the emergence behaviors of D. picta.
文摘Background: Emergence agitation (EA) is a common phenomenon observed in pediatric patients following general anesthesia. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of propofol and fentanyl in preventing EA and to compare their associated complications or side effects. Methods: This prospective randomized observational comparative study was conducted at Dhaka Medical College Hospital from July 2013 to June 2014. The study aimed to evaluate the effects of propofol and fentanyl on EA in children aged 18 to 72 months undergoing circumcision, herniotomy, and polypectomy operations. Ninety children were included in the study, with 45 in each group. Patients with psychological or neurological disorders were excluded. Various parameters including age, sex, weight, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) class, duration of anesthesia, Saturation of Peripheral Oxygen (SPO2), heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR), Pediatric Anesthesia Emergence Delirium (PAED) score, duration of post-anesthesia care unit (PACU) stay, incidence of laryngospasm, nausea, vomiting, and rescue drug requirement were compared between the two groups. Results: Age, sex, weight, ASA class, and duration of anesthesia were comparable between the two groups. Perioperative SpO2 and HR were similar in both groups. However, the PAED score was significantly higher in the fentanyl group during all follow-ups except at 30 minutes postoperatively. The mean duration of PACU stay was significantly longer in the fentanyl group. Although the incidence of laryngospasm was higher in the fentanyl group, it was not statistically significant. Conversely, nausea or vomiting was significantly higher in the fentanyl group. The requirement for rescue drugs was significantly higher in the fentanyl group compared to the propofol group. Conclusion: Both propofol and fentanyl were effective in preventing emergence agitation in pediatric patients undergoing various surgical procedures under sevoflurane anesthesia. However, propofol demonstrated a better safety profile with fewer incidences of nausea, vomiting, and rescue drug requirements compared to fentanyl.
文摘Objective:To determine the larvicidal and adult emergence inhibition activities of castor （Ricinus communis） seed extract against three potential mosquito vectors Anopheles stephensi（An. slephensi）,Culex quinquefasciatus（Cx.quinquefasciatus） and Aedes albopictus（Ae.albopictus） in India.Methods:The R.communis seed extract was tested,employing WHO procedure,against fourth larval instars of the three mosquito species for 24 h and larval mortalities were recorded at various concentrations（2-64μg/mL）:the 24 h LC<sub>50</sub> values of the R.communis seed extract were determined following Probit analysis.The larval killing,antipupation and adult emergence inhibition rates of the test extract,using a single concentration of 2μLC<sub>50</sub>,were studied at different time periods（24-72 h）:the extract toxicity was tested against a fish.Oreochromis niloticus（O.niloticus）.Results:The R.communis seed extract exhibited larvicidal effects with 100%killing activities at concentrations 32-64μg/mL,and with LC<sub>50</sub> values 7.10.11.64 and 16.84μg/mL for Cx.quinquefasciatus,An.stephensi and Ae.albopictus larvae,respectively. When the larvae were treated with the extract at a single concentration of 2×LC<sub>50</sub>,significant differences were observed,compared to control groups,in rate of pupation（P【0.001） as well as in adult formation（P【0.001）.Conclusions:The present findings suggest that the R.communis seed extract provided an excellent potential for controlling An.stephensi,Cx.quinquefasciatus and Ae. albopictus mosquito vectors.
文摘Seedling emergence tests were conducted in a meadow brown soil using five plant species(i.e., Chinese cabbage, green onion, tomato, turnip and wheat) to determine the phytotoxicity of phenanthrene, pyrene and their mixtures. The soil was amended with up to 1000 mg/kg soil of phenanthrene or 600 mg/kg soil of pyrene. Seedling emergence and root growth were measured. The results indicated that root elongation was more sensitive than seedling emergence. Root length decreased with increasing phenanthrene or pyrene concentrations(p≤0 05). Phenanthrene was more phytotoxic than pyrene. The lowest observable adverse effect concentration(LOAEC) was 10 mg/kg for phenanthrene when tested with green onion, and 50 mg/kg for pyrene when tested with wheat. Among the five species, wheat was found to be the most sensitive. When amended jointly at or below their respective LOAEC, phenanthrene and pyrene produced a synergistic toxic effect.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31560135, 41361100)the Gansu Science and Technology Support Program (1604FKCA088)
文摘Climate change is shifting the amount and frequency of precipitation in many regions, which is expected to affect seedling recruitment across ecosystems. However, the combined effects of precipitation amount and frequency on seedling recruitment remain largely unknown. An understanding of the effects of precipitation amount and frequency and their interaction on seedling emergence and growth of typical desert plants is vital for managing populations of desert plants. We conducted two experiments to study the effects of variation in precipitation on Reaumuria soongarica （Pall.） Maxim. First, greenhouse experiments were conducted to examine the effects of three precipitation amount treatments （ambient, ＋30%, and -30%） and two precipitation frequency treatments （ambient and -50%） on seedling emergence. Second, the morphological responses of R. soongarica to changes in precipitation amount and frequency were tested in a controlled field experiment. Stage-specific changes in growth were monitored by sampling in different growth seasons. Our results showed that precipitation amount significantly affected germination, seedling emergence, and growth of R. soongarica, and there was a larger effect with decreased precipitation frequency compared with ambient. Germination and seedling emergence increased as precipitation increased under the same frequency of precipitation. The highest emergence percentage was obtained with a 30% increase in precipitation amount and a 50% reduction in precipitation frequency. Compared with ambient precipitation, a 30% increase in precipitation amount increased above- and below-ground biomass accumulation of R. soongarica during the growth season. A decrease of 30% in precipitation amount also resulted in an increase in below-ground biomass and root/shoot ratio in the early stages of the growth season, however, above- and below-ground biomass showed the opposite results at the end of the growth season, with larger effects on above-ground than below-ground biomass under decreased precipitation frequency. When precipitation frequency decreased by 50%, values of all growth traits increased for a given amount of precipitation. We concluded that precipitation frequency may be as important as precipitation amount to seedling emergence and growth of R. soongarica, and that understanding the effects of precipitation variability on seedling recruitment requires the integration of both precipitation amount and frequency. In particular, the combination of a 30% increase in precipitation amount and 50% reduction in precipitation frequency increased the emergence and growth of seedlings, suggesting that alteration of amount and frequency of precipitation caused by climate change may have significant effects on seedling recruitment of R. soongarica.
基金supported by the National 973 Programof China (2006CB102004)the Key Project for Breeding Genetic Modified Organisms (2008ZX08012-004) of the Chinese Ministry of Agriculture (2008ZX08012-004)
文摘The pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella （Lepidoptera： Gelechiidae） is one of the most serious lepidopteran pests of cotton in the world. This pest invaded China at the onset of the 20th century, possibly through repeated introductions from several different locations worldwide. In this paper, we describe different behavioral parameters of this Hubei P. gossypiella strain under laboratory and field conditions. Using an infra-red video recorder, we observed （nocturnal） emergence, flight and mating activities, and oviposition patterns. Moth emergence started from 13：00 and continued up till 23：00. Under laboratory and field conditions, 2-7-d-old moths initiated flight around sunset, peaked 50 rain later and gradually declined until 04：00. Although mating started immediately after darkness （i.e., 20：00）, mating behavior was most intense from 23：00 to 03：40. Oviposition also showed distinct time-related patterns, with approx. 70% eggs laid between 20：00 and 22：00. In the studies of the relationship between flight and oviposition, the duration of flight had an effect on oviposition. The 1-d-old moths flown for 6 and 12 h began oviposition earlier than the unflown ones, and the 6-h flight had no effect on the egg production. However, the longevity of the flown moths was shortened after flight. In addition, the peaks of oviposition for the flown moths were advanced 2-3 d. The age when the moths flied affected the oviposition of adult moths. The earlier the moths started to fly after emergence, the greater the fecundity they had. The average egg production of moths flown for 24 h was less than that of non-flown moths which were of the same age. Both flight and delay in mating could advance the oviposition peak. Our study provides detailed insights in nocturnal activities and the reproductive biology of local P. gossypiella populations, which could be employed to fine-tune current pest management programs in China.
文摘In this study influence of different seed priming treatments on the nutrient-homeostasis and reserve metabolism during seedling emergence and growth of rice were determined. Seed priming treatments included pre-germination, hydropriming for 48 h, osmohardening with KCl and CaCl2, ascorbate priming and hardening. All treatments shortened the emergence time and enhanced the energy and index of seedling emergence. Seedlings from primed seeds had greater length, number of roots and fresh and dry mass than control. Among the treatments, CaCl2, ascorbate and KCl proved better in enhancing emergence and seedling growth. Seed priming changed the pattern of N and Ca^2＋ homeostasis both of the seeds and seedlings, which were associated to enhancing s-amylase activity and reducing sugars content. Positive correlations of seedling attributes with nutrient content suggested that as a result of seed priming, most of N and Ca^2＋ were partitioned to embryo, which enhanced seedling emergence and subsequent growth of rice seedlings.
基金funded by Compensatory Afforestation Fund Management and Planning Authority(CAMPA)State Forest Department,Chhattisgarh,INDIA(granted No.CAMPA/26/2011/1584,dated 23.12.2011)
文摘We investigated the effect of seed mass on emergence, seedling survival and growth ofPterocarpus marsupium Roxb., a medium to large, commercially valuable and deciduous tree species. Among the three size classes viz. small （10-12 mm）, medium （13-15 mm） and large （16-17 mm）, the maximum proportion, of seed by number （54.12%） and dry weight （51.87%） was recorded, in the medium size seed class. Seed length and seed width were greatest in the large seed class （16.50 mm, 7.33 mm） followed by medium （13.50 mm, 5.60 mm） and small （11.37 ram, 3.66 mm）. Similarly, hundred seed weight （100 sw） varied from a maximum of 12.92 g in the large seed class to intermediate 10.95 g in the medium seed class and minimum of 7.02 g in the small seed class. The large seed size showed maximum emergence and shoot length over the medium and small seed class. After six months of growth, significant variations due to seed size were also observed for the growth and dry weight of P. marsupium seedlings. Seedling vigour, expressed in terms of height, collar diameter, number of leaves and dry biomass, was sig- nificantly affected by seed class. Seedlings that emerged from large seeds showed better growth and produced heavier seedlings as compared to medium and small seeds.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation,Beijing,People’s Republic of China(81671058 and 81730031 to YW and 81401089 to MD)the National Research Foundation of Korea grants funded by the Republic of Korea(2019R1I1A1A01057744 to YK)the Foundation of Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Commission(19ZR1407500 to FS)。
文摘In the current study,we sought to investigate whether T-type Ca^(2+)channels(TCCs)in the brain are involved in generating post-anesthetic hyperexcitatory behaviors(PAHBs).We found that younger rat pups(postnatal days 9-11)had a higher incidence of PAHBs and higher PAHB scores than older pups(postnatal days16-18)during emergence from sevoflurane anesthesia.The power spectrum of the theta oscillations(4 Hz-8 Hz)in the prefrontal cortex was significantly enhanced in younger pups when PAHBs occurred,while there were no significant changes in older pups.Both the power of theta oscillations and the level of PAHBs were significantly reduced by the administration of TCC inhibitors.Moreover,the sensitivity of TCCs in the medial dorsal thalamic nucleus to sevoflurane was found to increase with age by investigating the kinetic properties of TCCs in vitro.TCCs were activated by potentiated GABAergic depolarization with a sub-anesthetic dose of sevoflurane(1%).These data suggest that(1)TCCs in the brain contribute to the generation of PAHBs and the concomitant electroencephalographic changes;(2)the stronger inhibitory effect of sevoflurane contributes to the lack of PAHBs in older rats;and(3)the contribution of TCCs to PAHBs is not mediated by a direct effect of sevoflurane on TCCs.
文摘BACKGROUND General anesthesia is commonly used in the surgical management of gastrointestinal tumors;however,it can lead to emergence agitation(EA).EA is a common complication associated with general anesthesia,often characterized by behaviors,such as crying,struggling,and involuntary limb movements in patients.If treatment is delayed,there is a risk of incision cracking and bleeding,which can significantly affect surgical outcomes.Therefore,having a proper understanding of the factors influencing the occurrence of EA and implementing early preventive measures may reduce the incidence of agitation during the recovery phase from general anesthesia,which is beneficial for improving patient prognosis.AIM To analyze influencing factors and develop a risk prediction model for EA occurrence following general anesthesia for primary liver cancer.METHODS Retrospective analysis of clinical data from 200 patients who underwent hepatoma resection under general anesthesia at Wenzhou Central Hospital(January 2020 to December 2023)was conducted.Post-surgery,the Richmond Agitation-Sedation Scale was used to evaluate EA presence,noting EA incidence after general anesthesia.Patients were categorized by EA presence postoperatively,and the influencing factors were analyzed using logistic regression.A nomogram-based risk prediction model was constructed and evaluated for differentiation and fit using receiver operating characteristics and calibration curves.RESULTS EA occurred in 51(25.5%)patients.Multivariate analysis identified advanced age,American Society of Anesthesiologists(ASA)grade Ⅲ,indwelling catheter use,and postoperative pain as risk factors for EA(P<0.05).Conversely,postoperative analgesia was a protective factor against EA(P<0.05).The area under the curve of the nomogram was 0.972[95%confidence interval(CI):0.947-0.997]for the training set and 0.979(95%CI:0.951-1.000)for the test set.Hosmer-Lemeshow test showed a good fit(χ^(2)=5.483,P=0.705),and calibration curves showed agreement between predicted and actual EA incidence.CONCLUSION Age,ASA grade,catheter use,postoperative pain,and analgesia significantly influence EA occurrence.A nomogram constructed using these factors demonstrates strong predictive accuracy.
文摘Objective:To determine the adult emergence inhibition（EI） and adulticidal activities of hexane,chloroform,ethyl acetate,and acetone leaves extracts of Anisomeles malabarica（A. malabarica）,Euphorbia hirta（E,hirta）,Ocimum basilicum（0.basilicum）,Ricinus communis（R. communis）,Solanum trilobatum（S.trilobatum）,Tridax procumbens（T.procumbens） and seeds of Gloriosa superba（G.superba） against Anopheles stephensi（An,stephensi）.Methods:The EI and adulticidal trials were carried out according to World Health Organization（WHO） procedures with slight modifications.The extracts were diluted in dimethyl sulphoxide in order to prepare a serial dilution of test dosages（15.625,31.25,62.5,125,250,500 and 1 000μg/mL）.Five duplicate trials were carried out for every sample concentration,and for each trial a negative control was included and the mortality was determined after 24 h of exposure.Results:The highest EI activity was found in ethyl acetate extracts of A malabarica,chloroform extracts of O.basilicum, S.trilobatum,acetone of extract of R.communis,T.procumbens,and seed extract of G.superba with EI<sub>50</sub> values 143.12,119.82.157.87,139.39,111.19,and 134.85μg/mL,and the effective adulticidal activity was observed in chloroform,acetone extracts of G.superba,T.procumbens,R. communis,S.trilobatum and ethyl acetate extract of 0.basilicum with LD<sub>50</sub> values 120.17,108.77, 127.22,163.11,118.27,and 93.02μg/mL,respectively.Chi-square value was significant at P【0.05 level.Conclusions:These results should encourage further efforts to investigate the compounds that might possess good EI and adulticidal properties when isolated in pure form.
文摘This paper reports the approprite ranges of Mg 2+, Ca 2+ and their ratio Mg 2+/Ca 2+ in mixed seawater for rearing of Penaeus japonicus larvae. The ranges for the above three indices are 1150-1450 mg/L, 360-440 mg/L and 2.8-3.4, respectively. The proper salinity range of mixed seawater is 22.1-33.8 obtained by mixing estuarine water and concentrated seawater.
基金the financial support from Taishan Industry Leading Talents Special Fund(LJNY201808)Yantai Science and Technology Plan Project(2020XCZX046)+2 种基金Agricultural scientific and technological innovation project of Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences(CXGC2021A46,CXGC2021A09)Corps Science and Technology Development Special Promotion Achievement Transformation Guidance Plan(2018BCE012)China Agricultural Research System of MOF and MARA(CARS-13).
文摘Low temperature coupled with high soil moisture during sowing to emergence generally results in poor peanut stand,thereby posing a non-negligible threat to peanut production in north and northeast China.Five high-oleic(HO)peanut cultivars and 4 seed dressing treatments capable of controlling several diseases and insect pests along with untreated checks were used to find the best combinations to cope with the dual stresses during sowing to emergence period.High broad-sense hereditability estimates of seedling emergence indicated great potential for genetic improvement of this trait.Analysis of variance in the split-plot experiment showed that the main effects of variety and seed dressing and their interaction on seedling emergence were significant.Seed dressing treatments increased seedling emergence percentage by 2.09–35.00 percent points.Four of the 5 HO peanut cultivars yielded satisfactory results.For Huayu 665,Huayu 668 and Huayu 965,Huweisanbao may be the best option;for Huayu 962,Weilidan was highly acceptable.These combinations will be evaluated further in multiple environments before large-scale extension.
文摘BACKGROUND This study employs a descriptive phenomenological approach to investigate the challenges anesthesia nurses face in managing emergence delirium(ED),a common and complex postoperative complication in the post-anesthesia care unit.The role of nurses in managing ED is critical,yet research on their understanding and management strategies for ED is lacking.AIM To investigate anesthetic nurses’cognition and management experiences of ED in hopes of developing a standardized management protocol.METHODS This study employed a descriptive phenomenological approach from qualitative research methodologies.Purposeful sampling was utilized to select 12 anesthetic nurses from a tertiary hospital in Shanghai as research subjects.Semi-structured interviews were conducted,and the data were organized and analyzed using Colaizzi’s seven-step analysis method,from which the final themes were extracted.RESULTS After analyzing the interview content,four main themes and eight subthemes were distilled:Inefficient cognition hinders the identification of ED(conceptual ambiguity,empirical identification),managing diversity and challenges(patientcentered safe care,low level of medical-nursing collaboration),work responsibilities and pressure coexist(heavy work responsibilities,occupational risks and stress),demand for high-quality management(expecting the construction of predictive assessment tools and prevention strategies,and pursuing standardized management processes to enhance management effectiveness).CONCLUSION Nursing managers should prioritize the needs and suggestions of nurses in order to enhance their nursing capabilities and provide guidance for standardized management processes.
文摘The purpose of this paper is to explore the safe and effective dose of dexmedetomidin for the prevention of agitation and delirium during the awakening period for children undergoing general anesthesia. Samples of 989 cases are collected from children with comprehensive treatment of dental caries, and were randomly divided into four groups. Group A, group B and group C were intravenously at constant speed （60 mL/h）, 0.5 and 0.25 infusion with 1 μg/kg dexmedetomidine. Group D （control group） was intravenously saline at the same speed. The score of 5-point scale and the incidence of ED （emergency delirium） and EA （emergence agitation） in four groups were compared. Comparison of four groups of CHIPPS （children and infants postoperative pain） score, the amount of operation time and record seven halothane （TO）, time to stop cover drug withdrawal of laryngeal anesthesia （TM）, eye opening time （TE）, independent records of children at the time of ICU stay after anesthesia （TP）. Results show that there was no significant difference between the four groups （p 〉 0.05）, among which the TM in B, C groups was significantly higher than that in A, D groups （p 〈 0.05）. Group C was significantly higher than group B （p 〈 0.05）. There was no significant difference in TE and TP between the A, B, D groups （p 〉 0. 05）. TE in group C was significantly higher than that in groups A, D （p 〉 0. 05）. The TP of group C was significantly higher than that of groups A, D （p 〈 0.05）, but there was no significant difference between the B, C groups （p 〉 0.05）. The incidence rates of EA and ED in groups A and B were significantly lower than those in group D （p 〈 0.05）. Group C was significantly lower than group A （p 〈 0.05）. There was no significant difference between group C and group C （p 〉 0.05）. The CHIPPS score and sevoflurane dosage in groups A and B were significantly lower than those in group D （p 〈 0.05）. Group C was significantly lower than group A （p 〈 0.05）. There was no significant difference between group C （p 〉 0.05）. Conclusion： the dose of dexmetomidine 0.5 μg/kg in children with general anesthesia can prevent restlessness and delirium after operation.
文摘BACKGROUND Emergence delirium(EmD)is a troublesome motoric,emotional,and cognitive disturbance associated with morbidity.It is often misdiagnosed despite being present in a substantial proportion of children and adolescents during emergence from anesthesia.AIM To evaluate the summary diagnostic accuracy of Pediatric Anesthesia Emergence Delirium Scale(PAEDS)for EmD among children and adolescents.METHODS Two researchers electronically and hand searched the published literature from May 2004 to February 2021 that evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of PAEDS for EmD among children and adolescents,using appropriate terms.Two independent researchers extracted the diagnostic parameters and appraised the study quality with QUADAS-2.Overall,the diagnostic accuracy of the measures was calculated with the summary receiver operating characteristic curve(SROC),the summary sensitivity and specificity,and diagnostic odds ratio(DOR)for EmD.Various diagnostic cut-off points were evaluated for their diagnostic accuracy.Heterogeneity was analyzed by meta-regression.RESULTS Nine diagnostic accuracy studies of EmD that conformed to our selection criteria and PRISMA guidelines were included in the final analysis.There was no publication bias.The area under the SROC was 0.97(95%confidence interval[CI]:95%-98%).Summary sensitivity and specificity were 0.91(95%CI:0.81-0.96;I2=92.93%)and 0.94(95%CI:0.89-0.97;I2=87.44%),respectively.The summary DOR was 148.33(95%CI:48.32-455.32).The effect size for the subgroup analysis of PAEDS cut-off scores of<10,≥10,and≥12 was 3.73,2.19,and 2.93,respectively;they were not statistically significantly different.The setting of the study and reference standard were statistically significantly related to the sensitivity of PAEDS but not specificity.CONCLUSION The PAEDS is an accurate diagnostic measure for the diagnosis of EmD among children and adolescents.Further studies should document its clinical utility.
文摘The health status of 18 sweet corn (Zea mays L. saccharata Sturt) hybrids classified to two types, collected from five areas in China, was examined by PDA method, and factors influencing seed health and relationships between seed health and field seedling emergence were studied. Seventeen fungal genera were isolated and Fusarium was the most frequently isolated. There were significant differences both in incidence of Fusarium and in percentage of infected seeds among 18 hybrids. Research also showed that significant and consistent differences both in seed-borne fungal taxa and in percentage of infected seeds existed between two types of sweet corn. Sugar enhanced corn is more slightly infected than super sweet corn both in fungal taxa (13 and 16, respectively) and in percentage of infected seeds (62.0 and 79.2%, respectively). There were also significant differences both in seed-borne fungal taxa and in percentage of infected seeds among five areas. Seeds from South China were most severely infected, for there were 14 fungal genera detected and the percentage of infected seeds was highly 99.1% while those from Northwest China were slightly infected, for there were 10 fungal genera detected and the percentage of infected seeds was only 14.3%. Further research showed that there were significant negative correlations both between incidence of Fusarium and percentage of field seedling emergence and between percentage of infected seeds and percentage of field seedling emergence. Percentage of field seedling emergence could be estimated by regression equations built by regression analysis.
基金Supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China and the Project of Technologies and Product Development of Synergist to Chemical Pesticides(2016YFD0200507)。
文摘With the rise of organic agriculture,researches on the production of slow-release organic fertilizer from natural organic materials have attracted much attention.Plant protein and peptides have potential applications in agricultural production.The effects of bioactive peptides derived from plant protein on rice seed germination and seedling growth and development were systematically studied using bioassays and greenhouse growth experiments.The feasibility of phytoprotein peptide application in the rice seedling stage was discussed.The results showed that the phytoprotein peptides had no adverse effects on rice,and the application when applied to rice seedlings,phytoprotein peptides within a certain concentration range produced obvious promotion effects on the growth and development of rice seedlings,which were more pronounced in the underground part of the plants.Phytoprotein peptides increased root length and dry matter accumulation and improved the robustness of rice seedlings.A 40 g·mol^(-1)·L^(-1) dose of phytoprotein peptides increased root length,plant fresh weight,plant dry weight,root fresh weight and root dry weight by 59.24%,20.14%,26.32%,51.57%and 81.70%,respectively compared to the control.In addition,the phytoprotein peptides significantly increased the chlorophyll content,root activity and nitrate reductase activity of rice seedlings,as well as superoxide dismutase,peroxidase,catalase andβ-1,3-glucanase activity in rice leaves,which could improve stress resistance.Plant peptides were simple to produce and cost-effective.Reasonable development and excavation of plant protein and protein hydrolysate peptide in China's agricultural application had a good practical basis and value significance.
