During the development of the nervous system,there is an overproduction of neurons and synapses.Hebbian competition between neighboring nerve endings and synapses performing different activity levels leads to their el...During the development of the nervous system,there is an overproduction of neurons and synapses.Hebbian competition between neighboring nerve endings and synapses performing different activity levels leads to their elimination or strengthening.We have extensively studied the involvement of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor-Tropomyosin-related kinase B receptor neurotrophic retrograde pathway,at the neuromuscular junction,in the axonal development and synapse elimination process versus the synapse consolidation.The purpose of this review is to describe the neurotrophic influence on developmental synapse elimination,in relation to other molecular pathways that we and others have found to regulate this process.In particular,we summarize our published results based on transmitter release analysis and axonal counts to show the different involvement of the presynaptic acetylcholine muscarinic autoreceptors,coupled to downstream serine-threonine protein kinases A and C(PKA and PKC)and voltage-gated calcium channels,at different nerve endings in developmental competition.The dynamic changes that occur simultaneously in several nerve terminals and synapses converge across a postsynaptic site,influence each other,and require careful studies to individualize the mechanisms of specific endings.We describe an activity-dependent balance(related to the extent of transmitter release)between the presynaptic muscarinic subtypes and the neurotrophin-mediated TrkB/p75NTR pathways that can influence the timing and fate of the competitive interactions between the different axon terminals.The downstream displacement of the PKA/PKC activity ratio to lower values,both in competing nerve terminals and at postsynaptic sites,plays a relevant role in controlling the elimination of supernumerary synapses.Finally,calcium entry through L-and P/Q-subtypes of voltage-gated calcium channels(both channels are present,together with the N-type channel in developing nerve terminals)contributes to reduce transmitter release and promote withdrawal of the most unfavorable nerve terminals during elimination(the weakest in acetylcholine release and those that have already become silent).The main findings contribute to a better understanding of punishment-rewarding interactions between nerve endings during development.Identifying the molecular targets and signaling pathways that allow synapse consolidation or withdrawal of synapses in different situations is important for potential therapies in neurodegenerative diseases.展开更多
Introduction Progress toward the global elimination of cervical cancer as a public health concern remains slow and highly uneven across countries.High-income nations such as Australia and FinlandDboth of which have ac...Introduction Progress toward the global elimination of cervical cancer as a public health concern remains slow and highly uneven across countries.High-income nations such as Australia and FinlandDboth of which have achieved high human papillomavirus(HPV)vaccination coverage and implemented quality-assured cervical cancer screening programs-have successfully decreased the incidence rates to below 8 cases per 100,000 women~1.These countries are on track to reach the elimination threshold of fewer than 4 cases per 100,000 women within the next few years,as defined by the World Health Organization(WHO).展开更多
In May 2018,the Director-General of the World Health Organization(WHO)called for global action to eliminate cervical cancer~1.This call marked the beginning of an ambitious international effort to scale up 3 key strat...In May 2018,the Director-General of the World Health Organization(WHO)called for global action to eliminate cervical cancer~1.This call marked the beginning of an ambitious international effort to scale up 3 key strategies:human papillomavirus(HPV)vaccination,cervical cancer screening,and treatment of precancerous lesions and cancer.Subsequently,the WHO and its partners developed a global strategy to accelerate the reduction of cervical cancer incidence,with an ultimate goal of achieving elimination within the next century.This Global Strategy represents a formal international commitment and is anchored in the 90-70-90 targets to be achieved by 2030.In parallel,several countries have also set national commitments,such as Sweden's pledge to achieve elimination by 2027 and Australia's target of achieving elimination by 2035.展开更多
Human life quality requires both industrial/agricultural fast development and high environmental quality.However,the two aspects are conflicted as some contaminants are accidentally released into the environment,poten...Human life quality requires both industrial/agricultural fast development and high environmental quality.However,the two aspects are conflicted as some contaminants are accidentally released into the environment,potentially harmful to human health even at extra-low concentrations.展开更多
The excessive use of artificial intelligence(AI)algorithms has caused the problem of errors in AI algorithms,which has challenged the fairness of decision-making,and has intensified people’s inequality.Therefore,it i...The excessive use of artificial intelligence(AI)algorithms has caused the problem of errors in AI algorithms,which has challenged the fairness of decision-making,and has intensified people’s inequality.Therefore,it is necessary to conduct in-depth research and propose corresponding error detection and error elimination methods.This paper first proposes the root causes and threats of bias in AI algorithms,then summarizes the existing bias detection and error elimination methods,and proposes a bias processing framework in three-level dimensions of data,models,and conclusions,aiming to provide a framework for a comprehensive solution to errors in algorithms.At the same time,it also summarizes the problems and challenges in existing research and makes a prospect for future research trends.It is hoped that it will be helpful for us to build fairer AI.展开更多
China has achieved the poverty reduction goal of the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development 10 years ahead of schedule,contributing significantly to global poverty reduction.Despite extended efforts in...China has achieved the poverty reduction goal of the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development 10 years ahead of schedule,contributing significantly to global poverty reduction.Despite extended efforts in poverty elimination,there is a lack of quantitative studies categorizing and comparing poverty-elimination counties(PECs)based on their processes.This study proposes an innovative framework for analyzing PECs’development paths from the perspective of population-land-industry(PLI).We quantify the PLI matching degree of PECs in China during the critical phase of the battle against poverty through a multivariate matching model,classify PECs via K-means clustering according to the consistency in PLI matching degree evolution,and summarize the typical development patterns of PECs.Results indicate that the PLI matching degree of PECs in China increased substantially from 2015 to 2020,particularly in eastern areas,while the western region,including the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau and southwestern Xinjiang,shows untapped potential for improvement.Five types of PECs are identified,with the majority(30.1%)showing sustained moderate PLI matching and a minority(9.6%)experiencing long-term PLI mismatch.Industry is the shortfall of various PECs,and effective strategies to facilitate all types of PECs include the development of emerging businesses and the expansion of secondary and tertiary industries.Additionally,enriching rural labor force and increasing farmland use efficiency are essential for optimal PLI matching and positive interaction,ultimately ensuring poverty elimination and sustainable development.展开更多
Internal multiples are commonly present in seismic data due to variations in velocity or density of subsurface media.They can reduce the signal-to-noise ratio of seismic data and degrade the quality of the image.With ...Internal multiples are commonly present in seismic data due to variations in velocity or density of subsurface media.They can reduce the signal-to-noise ratio of seismic data and degrade the quality of the image.With the development of seismic exploration into deep and ultradeep events,especially those from complex targets in the western region of China,the internal multiple eliminations become increasingly challenging.Currently,three-dimensional(3D)seismic data are primarily used for oil and gas target recognition and drilling.Effectively eliminating internal multiples in 3D seismic data of complex structures and mitigating their adverse effects is crucial for enhancing the success rate of drilling.In this study,we propose an internal multiple prediction algorithm for 3D seismic data in complex structures using the Marchenko autofocusing theory.This method can predict the accurate internal multiples of time difference without an accurate velocity model and the implementation process mainly consists of several steps.Firstly,simulating direct waves with a 3D macroscopic velocity model.Secondly,using direct waves and 3D full seismic acquisition records to obtain the upgoing and down-going Green's functions between the virtual source point and surface.Thirdly,constructing internal multiples of the relevant layers by upgoing and downgoing Green's functions.Finally,utilizing the adaptive matching subtraction method to remove predicted internal multiples from the original data to obtain seismic records without multiples.Compared with the two-dimensional(2D)Marchenko algo-rithm,the performance of the 3D Marchenko algorithm for internal multiple prediction has been significantly enhanced,resulting in higher computational accuracy.Numerical simulation test results indicate that our proposed method can effectively eliminate internal multiples in 3D seismic data,thereby exhibiting important theoretical and industrial application value.展开更多
Internal multiple interference,affecting both seismic data processing and interpretation,has been observed for long time.Although great progress has been achieved in developing a variety of internal-multiple-eliminati...Internal multiple interference,affecting both seismic data processing and interpretation,has been observed for long time.Although great progress has been achieved in developing a variety of internal-multiple-elimination(IME)methods,how to increase accuracy and reduce cost of IME still poses a significant challenge.A new method is proposed to effectively and efficiently eliminate internal multi-ples,along with its application in internal-multiple-eliminated-migration(IMEM),addressing this issue.This method stems from two-way wave equation depth-extrapolation scheme and associated up/down wavefield separation,which can accomplish depth-extrapolation of both up-going and down-going wavefields simultaneously,and complete internal-multiple-elimination processing,adaptively and effi-ciently.The proposed method has several features:(1)input data is same as that for conventional migration:source signature(used for migration only),macro velocity model,and receiver data,without additional requirements for source/receiver sampling;(2)method is efficient,without need of iterative calculations(which are typically needed for most of IME algorithms);and(3)method is cost effective:IME is completed in the same depth-extrapolation scheme of IMEM,without need of a separate pro-cessing and additional cost.Several synthesized data models are used to test the proposed method:one-dimensional model,horizontal layered model,multi-layer model with one curved layer,and SEG/EAGE Salt model.Additionally,we perform a sensitivity analysis of velocity using smoothed models.This analysis reveals that although the accuracy of velocity measurements impacts our proposed method,it significantly reduces internal multiple false imaging compared to traditional RTM techniques.When applied to actual seismic data from a carbonate reservoir zone,our method demonstrates superior clarity in imaging results,even in the presence of high-velocity carbonate formations,outperforming conven-tional migration methods in deep strata.展开更多
Semi-supervised new intent discovery is a significant research focus in natural language understanding.To address the limitations of current semi-supervised training data and the underutilization of implicit informati...Semi-supervised new intent discovery is a significant research focus in natural language understanding.To address the limitations of current semi-supervised training data and the underutilization of implicit information,a Semi-supervised New Intent Discovery for Elastic Neighborhood Syntactic Elimination and Fusion model(SNID-ENSEF)is proposed.Syntactic elimination contrast learning leverages verb-dominant syntactic features,systematically replacing specific words to enhance data diversity.The radius of the positive sample neighborhood is elastically adjusted to eliminate invalid samples and improve training efficiency.A neighborhood sample fusion strategy,based on sample distribution patterns,dynamically adjusts neighborhood size and fuses sample vectors to reduce noise and improve implicit information utilization and discovery accuracy.Experimental results show that SNID-ENSEF achieves average improvements of 0.88%,1.27%,and 1.30%in Normalized Mutual Information(NMI),Accuracy(ACC),and Adjusted Rand Index(ARI),respectively,outperforming PTJN,DPN,MTP-CLNN,and DWG models on the Banking77,StackOverflow,and Clinc150 datasets.The code is available at https://github.com/qsdesz/SNID-ENSEF,accessed on 16 January 2025.展开更多
A series of CeO2‐MnOx‐Al2O3 mixed oxide catalysts （Ce：Mn：Al mole ratio=6：4：x, x=0.25, 0.5, 1, 2） were prepared by a simple one‐step inverse co‐precipitation method to investigate the influence of the incorpo...A series of CeO2‐MnOx‐Al2O3 mixed oxide catalysts （Ce：Mn：Al mole ratio=6：4：x, x=0.25, 0.5, 1, 2） were prepared by a simple one‐step inverse co‐precipitation method to investigate the influence of the incorporation of Al3＋ into CeO2‐MnOx mixed oxides. CeO2‐MnOx, CeO2‐Al2O3, and MnOx‐Al2O3 mixed oxides, and CeO2 were prepared by the same method for comparison. The samples were characterized by XRD, Raman, N2 physisorption, H2‐TPR, XPS, and in situ DRIFTS. The catalytic re‐duction of NO by CO was chosen as a model reaction to evaluate the catalytic performance. The incorporation of a small amount of Al3＋into CeO2‐MnOx mixed oxides resulted in a decrease of crys‐tallite size, with the increase of the BET specific surface area and pore volume, as well as the in‐crease of Ce3＋and Mn4＋. The former benefits good contact between catalyst and reactants, and the latter promotes the adsorption of CO and the desorption, conversion and dissociation of adsorbed NO. All these enhanced the catalytic performance for the NO＋CO model reaction. A reaction mecha‐nism was proposed to explain the excellent catalytic performance of CeO2‐MnOx‐Al2O3 catalysts for NO reduction by CO.展开更多
[Objective] The aim was to study on in-situ elimination effect on heavy metals in soil of the mining area by ramie （Boehmeria nivea （L.） Gaud.）. [Methods] Based on Xiangzhu No.3 and Zhongzhu No.1, we conducted res...[Objective] The aim was to study on in-situ elimination effect on heavy metals in soil of the mining area by ramie （Boehmeria nivea （L.） Gaud.）. [Methods] Based on Xiangzhu No.3 and Zhongzhu No.1, we conducted research on heavy metals contents of plants growing in soil of Qibao Mountain orefield in Liuyang, Hunan Province, and on characteristics of enrichment and transfer of heavy metals （Cu, Pb, Cd, Zn） under influence of the two ramie species. [Result] It was concluded that trend of Cu content in different parts of ramie was as follows： rootskinleafbone; trend of Pb was rootleafskinbone; trend of Cd was rootskinboneleaf; the trend of Zn was rootskinboneleaf. In farmland A （with low content of heavy metal）, for per square meter of plough horizon, effect of Zhong 1 on heavy metals transferring volume and the period for restoration of the soil into national standard one （Category Ⅲ of Environmental Quality Standard for Soil） have been concluded. Specifically, for Cu, the corresponding values were 3 404.44 mg and 8.59 y, respectively; for Pb, the values were 3 638.5 mg and 13.52 y; for Cd, the values were 720.48 mg and 1.49 y; for Zn, the values were 37 324.8 mg and 0.67 y. [Conclusion] Soil contaminated by Cu, Pb, Cd, and Zn in orefield can be rapidly restored by growing ramie.展开更多
Synaptic pruning is a crucial process in synaptic refinement,eliminating unstable synaptic connections in neural circuits.This process is triggered and regulated primarily by spontaneous neural activity and experience...Synaptic pruning is a crucial process in synaptic refinement,eliminating unstable synaptic connections in neural circuits.This process is triggered and regulated primarily by spontaneous neural activity and experience-dependent mechanisms.The pruning process involves multiple molecular signals and a series of regulatory activities governing the“eat me”and“don't eat me”states.Under physiological conditions,the interaction between glial cells and neurons results in the clearance of unnecessary synapses,maintaining normal neural circuit functionality via synaptic pruning.Alterations in genetic and environmental factors can lead to imbalanced synaptic pruning,thus promoting the occurrence and development of autism spectrum disorder,schizophrenia,Alzheimer's disease,and other neurological disorders.In this review,we investigated the molecular mechanisms responsible for synaptic pruning during neural development.We focus on how synaptic pruning can regulate neural circuits and its association with neurological disorders.Furthermore,we discuss the application of emerging optical and imaging technologies to observe synaptic structure and function,as well as their potential for clinical translation.Our aim was to enhance our understanding of synaptic pruning during neural development,including the molecular basis underlying the regulation of synaptic function and the dynamic changes in synaptic density,and to investigate the potential role of these mechanisms in the pathophysiology of neurological diseases,thus providing a theoretical foundation for the treatment of neurological disorders.展开更多
Nerve trauma commonly results in chronic neuropathic pain. This is by triggering the release of proinflammatory mediators from local and invading cells that induce inflammation and nociceptive neuron hyperexcitability...Nerve trauma commonly results in chronic neuropathic pain. This is by triggering the release of proinflammatory mediators from local and invading cells that induce inflammation and nociceptive neuron hyperexcitability. Even without apparent inflammation, injury sites are associated with increased inflammatory markers. This review focuses on how it might be possible to reduce neuropathic pain by reducing inflammation. Physiologically, pain is resolved by a combination of the out-migration of pro-inflammatory cells from the injury site, the down-regulation of the genes underlying the inflammation, up-regulating genes for anti-inflammatory mediators, and reducing nociceptive neuron hyperexcitability. While various techniques reduce chronic neuropathic pain, the best are effective on < 50% of patients, no technique reliably or permanently eliminates neuropathic pain. This is because most techniques are predominantly aimed at reducing pain, not inflammation. In addition, while single factors reduce pain, increasing evidence indicates significant and longer-lasting pain relief requires multiple factors acting simultaneously. Therefore, it is not surprising that extensive data indicate that the application of platelet-rich plasma provides more significant and longer-lasting pain suppression than other techniques, although its analgesia is neither complete nor permanent. However, several case reports indicate that platelet-rich plasma can induce permanent neuropathic pain elimination when the platelet concentration is significantly increased and is applied to longer nerve lengths. This review examines the primary triggers of the development and maintenance of neuropathic pain and techniques that reduce chronic neuropathic pain. The application of plateletrich plasma holds great promise for providing complete and permanent chronic neuropathic pain elimination.展开更多
Today, with the introduction of interferon-free direct-acting antivirals and outstanding progresses in the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of hepatitis C virus(HCV) infection, the elimination of HCV infection seem...Today, with the introduction of interferon-free direct-acting antivirals and outstanding progresses in the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of hepatitis C virus(HCV) infection, the elimination of HCV infection seems more achievable. A further challenge is continued transmission of HCV infection in high-risk population specially injecting drug users(IDUs) as the major reservoir of HCV infection. Considering the fact that most of these infections remain undiagnosed, unidentified HCVinfected IDUs are potential sources for the rapid spread of HCV in the community. The continuous increase in the number of IDUs along with the rising prevalence of HCV infection among young IDUs is harbinger of a forthcoming public health dilemma, presenting a serious challenge to control transmission of HCV infection. Even the changes in HCV genotype distribution attributed to injecting drug use confirm this issue. These circumstances create a strong demand for timely diagnosis and proper treatment of HCV-infected patients through risk-based screening to mitigate the risk of HCV transmission in the IDUs community and, consequently, in the society. Meanwhile, raising general awareness of HCV infection, diagnosis and treatment through public education should be the core activity of any harm reduction intervention, as the root cause of failure in control of HCV infection has been lack of awareness among young drug takers. In addition, effective prevention, comprehensive screening programs with a specific focus on high-risk population, accessibility to the new anti-HCV treatment regimens and public education should be considered as the top priorities of any health policy decision to eliminate HCV infection.展开更多
Interference in the data of geochemical hydrocarbon exploration is a large obstacle for anomaly recognition. The multiresolution analysis of wavelet analysis can extract the information at different scales so as to pr...Interference in the data of geochemical hydrocarbon exploration is a large obstacle for anomaly recognition. The multiresolution analysis of wavelet analysis can extract the information at different scales so as to provide a powerful tool for information analysis and processing. Based on the analysis of the geometric nature of hydrocarbon anomalies and background, Mallat wavelet and symmetric border treatment are selected and data pre-processing (logarithm-normalization) is established. This approach provide good results in Shandong and Inner Mongolia, China. It is demonstrated that this approach overcome the disadvantage of backgound variation in the window (interference in window), used in moving average, frame filtering and spatial and scaling modeling methods.展开更多
In the spectral analysis of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy,abundant characteristic spectral lines and severe interference information exist simultaneously in the original spectral data.Here,a feature selection m...In the spectral analysis of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy,abundant characteristic spectral lines and severe interference information exist simultaneously in the original spectral data.Here,a feature selection method called recursive feature elimination based on ridge regression(Ridge-RFE)for the original spectral data is recommended to make full use of the valid information of spectra.In the Ridge-RFE method,the absolute value of the ridge regression coefficient was used as a criterion to screen spectral characteristic,the feature with the absolute value of minimum weight in the input subset features was removed by recursive feature elimination(RFE),and the selected features were used as inputs of the partial least squares regression(PLS)model.The Ridge-RFE method based PLS model was used to measure the Fe,Si,Mg,Cu,Zn and Mn for 51 aluminum alloy samples,and the results showed that the root mean square error of prediction decreased greatly compared to the PLS model with full spectrum as input.The overall results demonstrate that the Ridge-RFE method is more efficient to extract the redundant features,make PLS model for better quantitative analysis results and improve model generalization ability.展开更多
Chronic viral hepatitis is a significant health problem throughout the world,which already represents high annual mortality.By 2040,chronic viral hepatitis due to virus B and virus C and their complications cirrhosis ...Chronic viral hepatitis is a significant health problem throughout the world,which already represents high annual mortality.By 2040,chronic viral hepatitis due to virus B and virus C and their complications cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma will be more deadly than malaria,vitellogenesis-inhibiting hormone,and tuberculosis altogether.In this review,we analyze the global impact of chronic viral hepatitis with a focus on the most vulnerable groups,the goals set by the World Health Organization for the year 2030,and the key points to achieve them,such as timely access to antiviral treatment of direct-acting antiviral,which represents the key to achieving hepatitis C virus elimination.Likewise,we review the strategies to prevent transmission and achieve control of hepatitis B virus.Finally,we address the impact that the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has had on implementing elimination strategies and the advantages of implementing telemedicine programs.展开更多
Key variable identification for classifications is related to many trouble-shooting problems in process indus-tries. Recursive feature elimination based on support vector machine (SVM-RFE) has been proposed recently i...Key variable identification for classifications is related to many trouble-shooting problems in process indus-tries. Recursive feature elimination based on support vector machine (SVM-RFE) has been proposed recently in applica-tion for feature selection in cancer diagnosis. In this paper, SVM-RFE is used to the key variable selection in fault diag-nosis, and an accelerated SVM-RFE procedure based on heuristic criterion is proposed. The data from Tennessee East-man process (TEP) simulator is used to evaluate the effectiveness of the key variable selection using accelerated SVM-RFE (A-SVM-RFE). A-SVM-RFE integrates computational rate and algorithm effectiveness into a consistent framework. It not only can correctly identify the key variables, but also has very good computational rate. In comparison with contribution charts combined with principal component aralysis (PCA) and other two SVM-RFE algorithms, A-SVM-RFE performs better. It is more fitting for industrial application.展开更多
基金supported by Catalan Government,Nos.2014SGR344(to JT),2017SGR704(to JT),2021SGR01214(to MAL)MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033/by“ERDF A way of making Europe,”Nos.SAF2015-67143(to JT),PID2019-106332GB-I00(to JT and MAL)and PID2022-141252NB-I00(to MAL).
文摘During the development of the nervous system,there is an overproduction of neurons and synapses.Hebbian competition between neighboring nerve endings and synapses performing different activity levels leads to their elimination or strengthening.We have extensively studied the involvement of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor-Tropomyosin-related kinase B receptor neurotrophic retrograde pathway,at the neuromuscular junction,in the axonal development and synapse elimination process versus the synapse consolidation.The purpose of this review is to describe the neurotrophic influence on developmental synapse elimination,in relation to other molecular pathways that we and others have found to regulate this process.In particular,we summarize our published results based on transmitter release analysis and axonal counts to show the different involvement of the presynaptic acetylcholine muscarinic autoreceptors,coupled to downstream serine-threonine protein kinases A and C(PKA and PKC)and voltage-gated calcium channels,at different nerve endings in developmental competition.The dynamic changes that occur simultaneously in several nerve terminals and synapses converge across a postsynaptic site,influence each other,and require careful studies to individualize the mechanisms of specific endings.We describe an activity-dependent balance(related to the extent of transmitter release)between the presynaptic muscarinic subtypes and the neurotrophin-mediated TrkB/p75NTR pathways that can influence the timing and fate of the competitive interactions between the different axon terminals.The downstream displacement of the PKA/PKC activity ratio to lower values,both in competing nerve terminals and at postsynaptic sites,plays a relevant role in controlling the elimination of supernumerary synapses.Finally,calcium entry through L-and P/Q-subtypes of voltage-gated calcium channels(both channels are present,together with the N-type channel in developing nerve terminals)contributes to reduce transmitter release and promote withdrawal of the most unfavorable nerve terminals during elimination(the weakest in acetylcholine release and those that have already become silent).The main findings contribute to a better understanding of punishment-rewarding interactions between nerve endings during development.Identifying the molecular targets and signaling pathways that allow synapse consolidation or withdrawal of synapses in different situations is important for potential therapies in neurodegenerative diseases.
文摘Introduction Progress toward the global elimination of cervical cancer as a public health concern remains slow and highly uneven across countries.High-income nations such as Australia and FinlandDboth of which have achieved high human papillomavirus(HPV)vaccination coverage and implemented quality-assured cervical cancer screening programs-have successfully decreased the incidence rates to below 8 cases per 100,000 women~1.These countries are on track to reach the elimination threshold of fewer than 4 cases per 100,000 women within the next few years,as defined by the World Health Organization(WHO).
基金supported by the CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(No.2023-I2M-3-019)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82404366)。
文摘In May 2018,the Director-General of the World Health Organization(WHO)called for global action to eliminate cervical cancer~1.This call marked the beginning of an ambitious international effort to scale up 3 key strategies:human papillomavirus(HPV)vaccination,cervical cancer screening,and treatment of precancerous lesions and cancer.Subsequently,the WHO and its partners developed a global strategy to accelerate the reduction of cervical cancer incidence,with an ultimate goal of achieving elimination within the next century.This Global Strategy represents a formal international commitment and is anchored in the 90-70-90 targets to be achieved by 2030.In parallel,several countries have also set national commitments,such as Sweden's pledge to achieve elimination by 2027 and Australia's target of achieving elimination by 2035.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.U21A20290)。
文摘Human life quality requires both industrial/agricultural fast development and high environmental quality.However,the two aspects are conflicted as some contaminants are accidentally released into the environment,potentially harmful to human health even at extra-low concentrations.
文摘The excessive use of artificial intelligence(AI)algorithms has caused the problem of errors in AI algorithms,which has challenged the fairness of decision-making,and has intensified people’s inequality.Therefore,it is necessary to conduct in-depth research and propose corresponding error detection and error elimination methods.This paper first proposes the root causes and threats of bias in AI algorithms,then summarizes the existing bias detection and error elimination methods,and proposes a bias processing framework in three-level dimensions of data,models,and conclusions,aiming to provide a framework for a comprehensive solution to errors in algorithms.At the same time,it also summarizes the problems and challenges in existing research and makes a prospect for future research trends.It is hoped that it will be helpful for us to build fairer AI.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grants No.41931293,42271279,42293271,and 41801175).
文摘China has achieved the poverty reduction goal of the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development 10 years ahead of schedule,contributing significantly to global poverty reduction.Despite extended efforts in poverty elimination,there is a lack of quantitative studies categorizing and comparing poverty-elimination counties(PECs)based on their processes.This study proposes an innovative framework for analyzing PECs’development paths from the perspective of population-land-industry(PLI).We quantify the PLI matching degree of PECs in China during the critical phase of the battle against poverty through a multivariate matching model,classify PECs via K-means clustering according to the consistency in PLI matching degree evolution,and summarize the typical development patterns of PECs.Results indicate that the PLI matching degree of PECs in China increased substantially from 2015 to 2020,particularly in eastern areas,while the western region,including the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau and southwestern Xinjiang,shows untapped potential for improvement.Five types of PECs are identified,with the majority(30.1%)showing sustained moderate PLI matching and a minority(9.6%)experiencing long-term PLI mismatch.Industry is the shortfall of various PECs,and effective strategies to facilitate all types of PECs include the development of emerging businesses and the expansion of secondary and tertiary industries.Additionally,enriching rural labor force and increasing farmland use efficiency are essential for optimal PLI matching and positive interaction,ultimately ensuring poverty elimination and sustainable development.
文摘Internal multiples are commonly present in seismic data due to variations in velocity or density of subsurface media.They can reduce the signal-to-noise ratio of seismic data and degrade the quality of the image.With the development of seismic exploration into deep and ultradeep events,especially those from complex targets in the western region of China,the internal multiple eliminations become increasingly challenging.Currently,three-dimensional(3D)seismic data are primarily used for oil and gas target recognition and drilling.Effectively eliminating internal multiples in 3D seismic data of complex structures and mitigating their adverse effects is crucial for enhancing the success rate of drilling.In this study,we propose an internal multiple prediction algorithm for 3D seismic data in complex structures using the Marchenko autofocusing theory.This method can predict the accurate internal multiples of time difference without an accurate velocity model and the implementation process mainly consists of several steps.Firstly,simulating direct waves with a 3D macroscopic velocity model.Secondly,using direct waves and 3D full seismic acquisition records to obtain the upgoing and down-going Green's functions between the virtual source point and surface.Thirdly,constructing internal multiples of the relevant layers by upgoing and downgoing Green's functions.Finally,utilizing the adaptive matching subtraction method to remove predicted internal multiples from the original data to obtain seismic records without multiples.Compared with the two-dimensional(2D)Marchenko algo-rithm,the performance of the 3D Marchenko algorithm for internal multiple prediction has been significantly enhanced,resulting in higher computational accuracy.Numerical simulation test results indicate that our proposed method can effectively eliminate internal multiples in 3D seismic data,thereby exhibiting important theoretical and industrial application value.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42004103)Sichuan Science and Technology Program(2023NSFSC0257)the CNPC Innovation Found(2022DQ02-0306).
文摘Internal multiple interference,affecting both seismic data processing and interpretation,has been observed for long time.Although great progress has been achieved in developing a variety of internal-multiple-elimination(IME)methods,how to increase accuracy and reduce cost of IME still poses a significant challenge.A new method is proposed to effectively and efficiently eliminate internal multi-ples,along with its application in internal-multiple-eliminated-migration(IMEM),addressing this issue.This method stems from two-way wave equation depth-extrapolation scheme and associated up/down wavefield separation,which can accomplish depth-extrapolation of both up-going and down-going wavefields simultaneously,and complete internal-multiple-elimination processing,adaptively and effi-ciently.The proposed method has several features:(1)input data is same as that for conventional migration:source signature(used for migration only),macro velocity model,and receiver data,without additional requirements for source/receiver sampling;(2)method is efficient,without need of iterative calculations(which are typically needed for most of IME algorithms);and(3)method is cost effective:IME is completed in the same depth-extrapolation scheme of IMEM,without need of a separate pro-cessing and additional cost.Several synthesized data models are used to test the proposed method:one-dimensional model,horizontal layered model,multi-layer model with one curved layer,and SEG/EAGE Salt model.Additionally,we perform a sensitivity analysis of velocity using smoothed models.This analysis reveals that although the accuracy of velocity measurements impacts our proposed method,it significantly reduces internal multiple false imaging compared to traditional RTM techniques.When applied to actual seismic data from a carbonate reservoir zone,our method demonstrates superior clarity in imaging results,even in the presence of high-velocity carbonate formations,outperforming conven-tional migration methods in deep strata.
基金supported by Research Projects of the Nature Science Foundation of Hebei Province(F2021402005).
文摘Semi-supervised new intent discovery is a significant research focus in natural language understanding.To address the limitations of current semi-supervised training data and the underutilization of implicit information,a Semi-supervised New Intent Discovery for Elastic Neighborhood Syntactic Elimination and Fusion model(SNID-ENSEF)is proposed.Syntactic elimination contrast learning leverages verb-dominant syntactic features,systematically replacing specific words to enhance data diversity.The radius of the positive sample neighborhood is elastically adjusted to eliminate invalid samples and improve training efficiency.A neighborhood sample fusion strategy,based on sample distribution patterns,dynamically adjusts neighborhood size and fuses sample vectors to reduce noise and improve implicit information utilization and discovery accuracy.Experimental results show that SNID-ENSEF achieves average improvements of 0.88%,1.27%,and 1.30%in Normalized Mutual Information(NMI),Accuracy(ACC),and Adjusted Rand Index(ARI),respectively,outperforming PTJN,DPN,MTP-CLNN,and DWG models on the Banking77,StackOverflow,and Clinc150 datasets.The code is available at https://github.com/qsdesz/SNID-ENSEF,accessed on 16 January 2025.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21507130)the Open Project Program of Chongqing Key Laboratory of Environmental Materials and Remediation Technology from Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences (CEK1405)+3 种基金the Open Project Program of Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (20140142)the Open Project Program of Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Vehicle Emissions Control (OVEC001)the Open Project Program of Chongqing Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Functional Organic Molecules from Chongqing Technology and Business University (1456029)the Chongqing Science & Technology Commission (cstc2014pt-gc20002)~~
文摘A series of CeO2‐MnOx‐Al2O3 mixed oxide catalysts （Ce：Mn：Al mole ratio=6：4：x, x=0.25, 0.5, 1, 2） were prepared by a simple one‐step inverse co‐precipitation method to investigate the influence of the incorporation of Al3＋ into CeO2‐MnOx mixed oxides. CeO2‐MnOx, CeO2‐Al2O3, and MnOx‐Al2O3 mixed oxides, and CeO2 were prepared by the same method for comparison. The samples were characterized by XRD, Raman, N2 physisorption, H2‐TPR, XPS, and in situ DRIFTS. The catalytic re‐duction of NO by CO was chosen as a model reaction to evaluate the catalytic performance. The incorporation of a small amount of Al3＋into CeO2‐MnOx mixed oxides resulted in a decrease of crys‐tallite size, with the increase of the BET specific surface area and pore volume, as well as the in‐crease of Ce3＋and Mn4＋. The former benefits good contact between catalyst and reactants, and the latter promotes the adsorption of CO and the desorption, conversion and dissociation of adsorbed NO. All these enhanced the catalytic performance for the NO＋CO model reaction. A reaction mecha‐nism was proposed to explain the excellent catalytic performance of CeO2‐MnOx‐Al2O3 catalysts for NO reduction by CO.
基金Supported by National Programs for High Technology Research and Development of China(2007AA061001)Talent Introduction Project Supported by Hunan Agricultural University Project(07YT03)~~
文摘[Objective] The aim was to study on in-situ elimination effect on heavy metals in soil of the mining area by ramie （Boehmeria nivea （L.） Gaud.）. [Methods] Based on Xiangzhu No.3 and Zhongzhu No.1, we conducted research on heavy metals contents of plants growing in soil of Qibao Mountain orefield in Liuyang, Hunan Province, and on characteristics of enrichment and transfer of heavy metals （Cu, Pb, Cd, Zn） under influence of the two ramie species. [Result] It was concluded that trend of Cu content in different parts of ramie was as follows： rootskinleafbone; trend of Pb was rootleafskinbone; trend of Cd was rootskinboneleaf; the trend of Zn was rootskinboneleaf. In farmland A （with low content of heavy metal）, for per square meter of plough horizon, effect of Zhong 1 on heavy metals transferring volume and the period for restoration of the soil into national standard one （Category Ⅲ of Environmental Quality Standard for Soil） have been concluded. Specifically, for Cu, the corresponding values were 3 404.44 mg and 8.59 y, respectively; for Pb, the values were 3 638.5 mg and 13.52 y; for Cd, the values were 720.48 mg and 1.49 y; for Zn, the values were 37 324.8 mg and 0.67 y. [Conclusion] Soil contaminated by Cu, Pb, Cd, and Zn in orefield can be rapidly restored by growing ramie.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.31760290,82160688the Key Development Areas Project of Ganzhou Science and Technology,No.2022B-SF9554(all to XL)。
文摘Synaptic pruning is a crucial process in synaptic refinement,eliminating unstable synaptic connections in neural circuits.This process is triggered and regulated primarily by spontaneous neural activity and experience-dependent mechanisms.The pruning process involves multiple molecular signals and a series of regulatory activities governing the“eat me”and“don't eat me”states.Under physiological conditions,the interaction between glial cells and neurons results in the clearance of unnecessary synapses,maintaining normal neural circuit functionality via synaptic pruning.Alterations in genetic and environmental factors can lead to imbalanced synaptic pruning,thus promoting the occurrence and development of autism spectrum disorder,schizophrenia,Alzheimer's disease,and other neurological disorders.In this review,we investigated the molecular mechanisms responsible for synaptic pruning during neural development.We focus on how synaptic pruning can regulate neural circuits and its association with neurological disorders.Furthermore,we discuss the application of emerging optical and imaging technologies to observe synaptic structure and function,as well as their potential for clinical translation.Our aim was to enhance our understanding of synaptic pruning during neural development,including the molecular basis underlying the regulation of synaptic function and the dynamic changes in synaptic density,and to investigate the potential role of these mechanisms in the pathophysiology of neurological diseases,thus providing a theoretical foundation for the treatment of neurological disorders.
文摘Nerve trauma commonly results in chronic neuropathic pain. This is by triggering the release of proinflammatory mediators from local and invading cells that induce inflammation and nociceptive neuron hyperexcitability. Even without apparent inflammation, injury sites are associated with increased inflammatory markers. This review focuses on how it might be possible to reduce neuropathic pain by reducing inflammation. Physiologically, pain is resolved by a combination of the out-migration of pro-inflammatory cells from the injury site, the down-regulation of the genes underlying the inflammation, up-regulating genes for anti-inflammatory mediators, and reducing nociceptive neuron hyperexcitability. While various techniques reduce chronic neuropathic pain, the best are effective on < 50% of patients, no technique reliably or permanently eliminates neuropathic pain. This is because most techniques are predominantly aimed at reducing pain, not inflammation. In addition, while single factors reduce pain, increasing evidence indicates significant and longer-lasting pain relief requires multiple factors acting simultaneously. Therefore, it is not surprising that extensive data indicate that the application of platelet-rich plasma provides more significant and longer-lasting pain suppression than other techniques, although its analgesia is neither complete nor permanent. However, several case reports indicate that platelet-rich plasma can induce permanent neuropathic pain elimination when the platelet concentration is significantly increased and is applied to longer nerve lengths. This review examines the primary triggers of the development and maintenance of neuropathic pain and techniques that reduce chronic neuropathic pain. The application of plateletrich plasma holds great promise for providing complete and permanent chronic neuropathic pain elimination.
文摘Today, with the introduction of interferon-free direct-acting antivirals and outstanding progresses in the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of hepatitis C virus(HCV) infection, the elimination of HCV infection seems more achievable. A further challenge is continued transmission of HCV infection in high-risk population specially injecting drug users(IDUs) as the major reservoir of HCV infection. Considering the fact that most of these infections remain undiagnosed, unidentified HCVinfected IDUs are potential sources for the rapid spread of HCV in the community. The continuous increase in the number of IDUs along with the rising prevalence of HCV infection among young IDUs is harbinger of a forthcoming public health dilemma, presenting a serious challenge to control transmission of HCV infection. Even the changes in HCV genotype distribution attributed to injecting drug use confirm this issue. These circumstances create a strong demand for timely diagnosis and proper treatment of HCV-infected patients through risk-based screening to mitigate the risk of HCV transmission in the IDUs community and, consequently, in the society. Meanwhile, raising general awareness of HCV infection, diagnosis and treatment through public education should be the core activity of any harm reduction intervention, as the root cause of failure in control of HCV infection has been lack of awareness among young drug takers. In addition, effective prevention, comprehensive screening programs with a specific focus on high-risk population, accessibility to the new anti-HCV treatment regimens and public education should be considered as the top priorities of any health policy decision to eliminate HCV infection.
文摘Interference in the data of geochemical hydrocarbon exploration is a large obstacle for anomaly recognition. The multiresolution analysis of wavelet analysis can extract the information at different scales so as to provide a powerful tool for information analysis and processing. Based on the analysis of the geometric nature of hydrocarbon anomalies and background, Mallat wavelet and symmetric border treatment are selected and data pre-processing (logarithm-normalization) is established. This approach provide good results in Shandong and Inner Mongolia, China. It is demonstrated that this approach overcome the disadvantage of backgound variation in the window (interference in window), used in moving average, frame filtering and spatial and scaling modeling methods.
基金supported by National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2016YFF0102502)the Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences,CAS(No.QYZDJ-SSW-JSC037)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association,CAS,Liao Ning Revitalization Talents Program(No.XLYC1807110)。
文摘In the spectral analysis of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy,abundant characteristic spectral lines and severe interference information exist simultaneously in the original spectral data.Here,a feature selection method called recursive feature elimination based on ridge regression(Ridge-RFE)for the original spectral data is recommended to make full use of the valid information of spectra.In the Ridge-RFE method,the absolute value of the ridge regression coefficient was used as a criterion to screen spectral characteristic,the feature with the absolute value of minimum weight in the input subset features was removed by recursive feature elimination(RFE),and the selected features were used as inputs of the partial least squares regression(PLS)model.The Ridge-RFE method based PLS model was used to measure the Fe,Si,Mg,Cu,Zn and Mn for 51 aluminum alloy samples,and the results showed that the root mean square error of prediction decreased greatly compared to the PLS model with full spectrum as input.The overall results demonstrate that the Ridge-RFE method is more efficient to extract the redundant features,make PLS model for better quantitative analysis results and improve model generalization ability.
文摘Chronic viral hepatitis is a significant health problem throughout the world,which already represents high annual mortality.By 2040,chronic viral hepatitis due to virus B and virus C and their complications cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma will be more deadly than malaria,vitellogenesis-inhibiting hormone,and tuberculosis altogether.In this review,we analyze the global impact of chronic viral hepatitis with a focus on the most vulnerable groups,the goals set by the World Health Organization for the year 2030,and the key points to achieve them,such as timely access to antiviral treatment of direct-acting antiviral,which represents the key to achieving hepatitis C virus elimination.Likewise,we review the strategies to prevent transmission and achieve control of hepatitis B virus.Finally,we address the impact that the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has had on implementing elimination strategies and the advantages of implementing telemedicine programs.
基金Supported by China 973 Program (No.2002CB312200), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.60574019 and No.60474045), the Key Technologies R&D Program of Zhejiang Province (No.2005C21087) and the Academician Foundation of Zhejiang Province (No.2005A1001-13).
文摘Key variable identification for classifications is related to many trouble-shooting problems in process indus-tries. Recursive feature elimination based on support vector machine (SVM-RFE) has been proposed recently in applica-tion for feature selection in cancer diagnosis. In this paper, SVM-RFE is used to the key variable selection in fault diag-nosis, and an accelerated SVM-RFE procedure based on heuristic criterion is proposed. The data from Tennessee East-man process (TEP) simulator is used to evaluate the effectiveness of the key variable selection using accelerated SVM-RFE (A-SVM-RFE). A-SVM-RFE integrates computational rate and algorithm effectiveness into a consistent framework. It not only can correctly identify the key variables, but also has very good computational rate. In comparison with contribution charts combined with principal component aralysis (PCA) and other two SVM-RFE algorithms, A-SVM-RFE performs better. It is more fitting for industrial application.
