Accurately and swiftly characterizing the state of polarization(SoP)of complex structured light is crucial in the realms of classical and quantum optics.Conventional strategies for detecting SoP,which typically involv...Accurately and swiftly characterizing the state of polarization(SoP)of complex structured light is crucial in the realms of classical and quantum optics.Conventional strategies for detecting SoP,which typically involves a sequence of cascaded optical elements,are bulky,complex,and run counter to miniaturization and integration.While metasurfaceenabled polarimetry has emerged to overcome these limitations,its functionality predominantly remains confined to identifying SoP within the standard Poincare sphere framework.The comprehensive detection of SoP on the higherorder Poincare sphere(HOPS),however,continues to be a huge challenge.Here,we propose a general polarization metrology method capable of fully detecting SoP on any HOPS through a single measurement.The underlying mechanism relies on transforming the optical singularities and Stokes parameters into visualized intensity patterns,facilitating the extraction of all parameters that fully determine a SoP.We actualize this concept through a novel metadevice known as the metasurface photonics polarization clock,which offers an intuitive display of SoP using four distinct pointers.As a proof of concept,we theoretically and experimentally demonstrate fully resolving SoPs on the Oth,1st,and 2nd HOPSs.Our implementation opens up a new pathway towards real-time polarimetry of arbitrary beams featuring miniaturized size,a simple detection process,and a direct readout mechanism,promising significant advancements in fields reliant on polarization.展开更多
Physical unclonable functions(PUFs),relying extensively on the random spatial distribution of block elements,are promising technology for generating unclonable cryptograph.Herein,we demonstrate time-dependent PUFs(TD-...Physical unclonable functions(PUFs),relying extensively on the random spatial distribution of block elements,are promising technology for generating unclonable cryptograph.Herein,we demonstrate time-dependent PUFs(TD-PUFs)by introducing carbon dots(CDs)with bright and long-lived triplet excitons as block elements.The constructed TD-PUFs evolve into multiple unclonable PUFs over time,effectively breaking the spatial limitation of transitional PUFs and increasing the complexity,making them much more difficult to be attacked.This temporal evolution introduces an additional layer of security,as the dynamic nature of TD-PUFs makes it increasingly challenging for adversaries to predict or replicate their states.We have developed pixel matrix function(PMF)to describe the evolution process of the TD-PUFs,enabling a detailed analysis of the dynamic behavior and unique security features.In addition,we exhibit a TD-PUFs painting(30×40 cm^(2))by an etching technology where the primary structures of the panting undergo a transformation over time,driven by the varying triplet exciton lifetimes of the CDs.The proposed concept of TD-PUFs overcome their spatial limitations and increase the complexity,making the PUF labels more difficulty to be cracked.展开更多
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.62275078,12204165,52221001,62205250,12421005,62475069)Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(Grant No.2022JJ20020,2023JJ40112)+2 种基金the Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province(Grant No.2023RC3101)the Hunan Major Sci-Tech Program(Grant No.2023ZJ1010)Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(GrantNo.JCYJ20220530160405013).
文摘Accurately and swiftly characterizing the state of polarization(SoP)of complex structured light is crucial in the realms of classical and quantum optics.Conventional strategies for detecting SoP,which typically involves a sequence of cascaded optical elements,are bulky,complex,and run counter to miniaturization and integration.While metasurfaceenabled polarimetry has emerged to overcome these limitations,its functionality predominantly remains confined to identifying SoP within the standard Poincare sphere framework.The comprehensive detection of SoP on the higherorder Poincare sphere(HOPS),however,continues to be a huge challenge.Here,we propose a general polarization metrology method capable of fully detecting SoP on any HOPS through a single measurement.The underlying mechanism relies on transforming the optical singularities and Stokes parameters into visualized intensity patterns,facilitating the extraction of all parameters that fully determine a SoP.We actualize this concept through a novel metadevice known as the metasurface photonics polarization clock,which offers an intuitive display of SoP using four distinct pointers.As a proof of concept,we theoretically and experimentally demonstrate fully resolving SoPs on the Oth,1st,and 2nd HOPSs.Our implementation opens up a new pathway towards real-time polarimetry of arbitrary beams featuring miniaturized size,a simple detection process,and a direct readout mechanism,promising significant advancements in fields reliant on polarization.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.62075198,11974317,12274378)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation under Grant(Grant No.BX20240337)Key Research and Promotion Projects in Henan Province(Grant No.252102231055).
文摘Physical unclonable functions(PUFs),relying extensively on the random spatial distribution of block elements,are promising technology for generating unclonable cryptograph.Herein,we demonstrate time-dependent PUFs(TD-PUFs)by introducing carbon dots(CDs)with bright and long-lived triplet excitons as block elements.The constructed TD-PUFs evolve into multiple unclonable PUFs over time,effectively breaking the spatial limitation of transitional PUFs and increasing the complexity,making them much more difficult to be attacked.This temporal evolution introduces an additional layer of security,as the dynamic nature of TD-PUFs makes it increasingly challenging for adversaries to predict or replicate their states.We have developed pixel matrix function(PMF)to describe the evolution process of the TD-PUFs,enabling a detailed analysis of the dynamic behavior and unique security features.In addition,we exhibit a TD-PUFs painting(30×40 cm^(2))by an etching technology where the primary structures of the panting undergo a transformation over time,driven by the varying triplet exciton lifetimes of the CDs.The proposed concept of TD-PUFs overcome their spatial limitations and increase the complexity,making the PUF labels more difficulty to be cracked.
