Element cycling in the dominant plant communities including Rh. aureum, Rh. redowskianum and Vaccinium uliginosum in the Alpine tundra zone of Changbai Mountains in northeast China was studied. The results indicate th...Element cycling in the dominant plant communities including Rh. aureum, Rh. redowskianum and Vaccinium uliginosum in the Alpine tundra zone of Changbai Mountains in northeast China was studied. The results indicate that the amount of elements from litter decomposition was less than that of the plant uptake from soil, but that from plant uptake was higher than that in soil with mineralization process released. On the other hand, in the open system including precipitation input and soil leaching output, because of great number of elements from precipitation into the open system, the element cycling(except N, P) in the Alpine tundra ecosystem was in a dynamic balance. In this study, it was also found that different organ of plants had significant difference in accumulating elements. Ca, Mg, P and N were accumulated more obviously in leaves, while Fe was in roots. The degree of concentration of elements in different tissues of the same organ of the plants also was different, a higher concentration of Ca, Mg, P and N in mesophyll than in nerve but Fe was in a reversed order. The phenomenon indicates (1) a variety of biochemical functions of different elements, (2) the elements in mesophyll were with a shorter turnover period than those in nerve or fibre, but higher utilization rate for plant. Therefore, this study implies the significance of keeping element dynamic balance in the alpine tundra ecosystem of Changbai Mountains.展开更多
Brief description Climate change represents an unparalleled existential threat to humanity in the twenty-first century,demanding urgent and sustained global attention.Among the vast array of actors shaping Earth’s cl...Brief description Climate change represents an unparalleled existential threat to humanity in the twenty-first century,demanding urgent and sustained global attention.Among the vast array of actors shaping Earth’s climate system,microorganisms occupy a uniquely significant position.As the planet’s most abundant and diverse life forms,they not only respond sensitively to climatic change but also exert profound influence upon them.Microbes-comprising viruses,bacteria,archaea,fungi,algae,and protozoa-pervade from terrestrial soils and urban infrastructures to atmospheric layers,subterranean environments,and aquatic ecosystems.By virtue of their staggering abundance and metabolic diversity,microbes drive the cycling of essential elements at a planetary scale,sustain key symbiotic relationships with agricultural crops,and function as both sources and sinks of greenhouse gases.Thus,microorganisms must be recognized as indispensable agents within the Earth system,integral to understanding and addressing the dynamics of climate change.展开更多
This review focuses on new approaches adopted by microorganisms to acquire energy in oligotrophic and low-energy hydrosphere habitats,which involves increasing income,reducing expenditure and cooperation among differe...This review focuses on new approaches adopted by microorganisms to acquire energy in oligotrophic and low-energy hydrosphere habitats,which involves increasing income,reducing expenditure and cooperation among different microorganisms.The various energy sources,electron transfer pathways and carbon,nitrogen,and sulfur cycles are involved in these processes.Specifically,this review delves into the potential molecular mechanisms on microbes utilizing photoelectrons from semiconducting minerals in natural photocatalytic systems.Also,it aims to reveal the regulation mechanisms of photoelectrons on interspecific electron transfer pathways and the energy synthesis processes in Geobacter,Pseudomonas,Halomonas and sulfate reducing bacteria,as well as the molecular mechanisms of perception and adaptation to different potentials of extracellular receptors and changes of oxygen gradients.Moreover,it demonstrates the network structure,formation and mechanisms of long-distance electron transfer driven by cable bacteria,particularly in the context of reducing CH_(4) and N_(2)O coupled with the increase of dimethyl sulfide.This paper attempts to put forward new ideas for the energy utilization by microorganisms and their impact on element cycle in the hydrosphere,which contributes to a better understanding of the energy metabolism in interspecific,interspecies,and ecosystem contexts during the cycle-coupled processes of elements.展开更多
Redox cycling of iron plays a pivotal role in both nutrient acquisition by living organisms and the geochemical cycling of elements in aquatic environments.In nature,iron cycling is mediated by microbial Fe(II)-oxidiz...Redox cycling of iron plays a pivotal role in both nutrient acquisition by living organisms and the geochemical cycling of elements in aquatic environments.In nature,iron cycling is mediated by microbial Fe(II)-oxidizers and Fe(III)-reducers or through the interplay of biotic and abiotic iron transformation processes.Here,we unveil a specific iron cycling process driven by one single phototrophic species,Rhodobacter ferrooxidans SW2.It exhibits the capability to reduce Fe(III)during bacterial cultivation.A c-type cytochrome is identified with Fe(III)-reducing activity,implying the linkage of Fe(III)reduction with the electron transport system.R.ferrooxidans SW2 can mediate iron redox transformation,depending on the availability of light and/or organic substrates.Iron cycling driven by anoxygenic photoferrotrophs is proposed to exist worldwide in modern and ancient environments.Our work not only enriches the theoretical basis of iron cycling in nature but also implies multiple roles of anoxygenic photoferrotrophs in iron transformation processes.展开更多
Fertilizers are widely used to produce more food, inevitably altering the diversity and composition of soil organisms. The role of soil biodiversity in controlling multiple ecosystem services remains unclear, especial...Fertilizers are widely used to produce more food, inevitably altering the diversity and composition of soil organisms. The role of soil biodiversity in controlling multiple ecosystem services remains unclear, especially after decades of fertilization. Here, we assess the contribution of the soil functionalities of carbon(C), nitrogen(N), and phosphorus(P) cycling to crop production and explore how soil organisms control these functionalities in a 33-year field fertilization experiment. The long-term application of green manure or cow manure produced wheat yields equivalent to those obtained with chemical N, with the former providing higher soil functions and allowing the functionality of N cycling(especially soil N mineralization and biological N fixation) to control wheat production. The keystone phylotypes within the global network rather than the overall microbial community dominated the soil multifunctionality and functionality of C,N, and P cycling across the soil profile(0–100 cm). We further confirmed that these keystone phylotypes consisted of many metabolic pathways of nutrient cycling and essential microbes involved in organic C mineralization, N_(2)O release, and biological N fixation. The chemical N, green manure, and cow manure resulted in the highest abundances of amoB, nifH, and GH48 genes and Nitrosomonadaceae,Azospirillaceae, and Sphingomonadaceae within the keystone phylotypes, and these microbes were significantly and positively correlated with N_(2)O release, N fixation, and organic C mineralization, respectively. Moreover, our results demonstrated that organic fertilization increased the effects of the network size and keystone phylotypes on the subsoil functions by facilitating the migration of soil microorganisms across the soil profiles and green manure with the highest migration rates. This study highlights the importance of the functionality of N cycling in controlling crop production and keystone phylotypes in regulating soil functions, and provides selectable fertilization strategies for maintaining crop production and soil functions across soil profiles in agricultural ecosystems.展开更多
Submerged plants in wetlands play important roles as ecosystem engineers to improve self-purification and promote elemental cycling.However,their effects on the functional capacity of microbial communities in wetland ...Submerged plants in wetlands play important roles as ecosystem engineers to improve self-purification and promote elemental cycling.However,their effects on the functional capacity of microbial communities in wetland sediments remain poorly understood.Here,we provide detailed metagenomic insights into the biogeochemical potential of microbial communities in wetland sediments with and without submerged plants(i.e.,Vallisneria natans).A large number of functional genes involved in carbon(C),nitrogen(N)and sulfur(S)cycling were detected in the wetland sediments.However,most functional genes showed higher abundance in sediments with submerged plants than in those without plants.Based on the comparison of annotated functional genes in the N and S cycling databases(i.e.,NCycDB and SCycDB),we found that genes involved in nitrogen fixation(e.g.,nifD/H/K/W),assimilatory nitrate reduction(e.g.,nasA and nirA),denitrification(e.g.,nirK/S and nosZ),assimilatory sulfate reduction(e.g.,cysD/H/J/N/Q and sir),and sulfur oxidation(e.g.,glpE,soeA,sqr and sseA)were significantly higher(correctedp<0.05)in vegetated vs.unvegetated sediments.This could be mainly driven by environmental factors including total phosphorus,total nitrogen,and C:N ratio.The binning of metagenomes further revealed that some archaeal taxa could have the potential of methane metabolism including hydrogenotrophic,acetoclastic,and methylotrophic methanogenesis,which are crucial to the wetland methane budget and carbon cycling.This study opens a new avenue for linking submerged plants with microbial functions,and has further implications for understanding global carbon,nitrogen and sulfur cycling in wetland ecosystems.展开更多
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(No. 90211003) and the Innovation Program of the Chinese Acdemy of Sciences(No. KZCX3 SW 332)
文摘Element cycling in the dominant plant communities including Rh. aureum, Rh. redowskianum and Vaccinium uliginosum in the Alpine tundra zone of Changbai Mountains in northeast China was studied. The results indicate that the amount of elements from litter decomposition was less than that of the plant uptake from soil, but that from plant uptake was higher than that in soil with mineralization process released. On the other hand, in the open system including precipitation input and soil leaching output, because of great number of elements from precipitation into the open system, the element cycling(except N, P) in the Alpine tundra ecosystem was in a dynamic balance. In this study, it was also found that different organ of plants had significant difference in accumulating elements. Ca, Mg, P and N were accumulated more obviously in leaves, while Fe was in roots. The degree of concentration of elements in different tissues of the same organ of the plants also was different, a higher concentration of Ca, Mg, P and N in mesophyll than in nerve but Fe was in a reversed order. The phenomenon indicates (1) a variety of biochemical functions of different elements, (2) the elements in mesophyll were with a shorter turnover period than those in nerve or fibre, but higher utilization rate for plant. Therefore, this study implies the significance of keeping element dynamic balance in the alpine tundra ecosystem of Changbai Mountains.
基金supported by the China Social Science Foundation(24BZX097)and Noncommunicable Chronic Diseases-National Science and Technology Major Project(2023ZD0509602).
文摘Brief description Climate change represents an unparalleled existential threat to humanity in the twenty-first century,demanding urgent and sustained global attention.Among the vast array of actors shaping Earth’s climate system,microorganisms occupy a uniquely significant position.As the planet’s most abundant and diverse life forms,they not only respond sensitively to climatic change but also exert profound influence upon them.Microbes-comprising viruses,bacteria,archaea,fungi,algae,and protozoa-pervade from terrestrial soils and urban infrastructures to atmospheric layers,subterranean environments,and aquatic ecosystems.By virtue of their staggering abundance and metabolic diversity,microbes drive the cycling of essential elements at a planetary scale,sustain key symbiotic relationships with agricultural crops,and function as both sources and sinks of greenhouse gases.Thus,microorganisms must be recognized as indispensable agents within the Earth system,integral to understanding and addressing the dynamics of climate change.
基金supported by Major Programs of National Natural Science Foundation of China.They are Integration Program(92251301)Key Programs(91851208 and 91851202)General Programs(91751105,91751109 and 91751112).
文摘This review focuses on new approaches adopted by microorganisms to acquire energy in oligotrophic and low-energy hydrosphere habitats,which involves increasing income,reducing expenditure and cooperation among different microorganisms.The various energy sources,electron transfer pathways and carbon,nitrogen,and sulfur cycles are involved in these processes.Specifically,this review delves into the potential molecular mechanisms on microbes utilizing photoelectrons from semiconducting minerals in natural photocatalytic systems.Also,it aims to reveal the regulation mechanisms of photoelectrons on interspecific electron transfer pathways and the energy synthesis processes in Geobacter,Pseudomonas,Halomonas and sulfate reducing bacteria,as well as the molecular mechanisms of perception and adaptation to different potentials of extracellular receptors and changes of oxygen gradients.Moreover,it demonstrates the network structure,formation and mechanisms of long-distance electron transfer driven by cable bacteria,particularly in the context of reducing CH_(4) and N_(2)O coupled with the increase of dimethyl sulfide.This paper attempts to put forward new ideas for the energy utilization by microorganisms and their impact on element cycle in the hydrosphere,which contributes to a better understanding of the energy metabolism in interspecific,interspecies,and ecosystem contexts during the cycle-coupled processes of elements.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51821006,52192684,and 22176043).
文摘Redox cycling of iron plays a pivotal role in both nutrient acquisition by living organisms and the geochemical cycling of elements in aquatic environments.In nature,iron cycling is mediated by microbial Fe(II)-oxidizers and Fe(III)-reducers or through the interplay of biotic and abiotic iron transformation processes.Here,we unveil a specific iron cycling process driven by one single phototrophic species,Rhodobacter ferrooxidans SW2.It exhibits the capability to reduce Fe(III)during bacterial cultivation.A c-type cytochrome is identified with Fe(III)-reducing activity,implying the linkage of Fe(III)reduction with the electron transport system.R.ferrooxidans SW2 can mediate iron redox transformation,depending on the availability of light and/or organic substrates.Iron cycling driven by anoxygenic photoferrotrophs is proposed to exist worldwide in modern and ancient environments.Our work not only enriches the theoretical basis of iron cycling in nature but also implies multiple roles of anoxygenic photoferrotrophs in iron transformation processes.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFD1700200)the earmarked fund for CARS-Green manure(CARS-22)the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program of CAAS。
文摘Fertilizers are widely used to produce more food, inevitably altering the diversity and composition of soil organisms. The role of soil biodiversity in controlling multiple ecosystem services remains unclear, especially after decades of fertilization. Here, we assess the contribution of the soil functionalities of carbon(C), nitrogen(N), and phosphorus(P) cycling to crop production and explore how soil organisms control these functionalities in a 33-year field fertilization experiment. The long-term application of green manure or cow manure produced wheat yields equivalent to those obtained with chemical N, with the former providing higher soil functions and allowing the functionality of N cycling(especially soil N mineralization and biological N fixation) to control wheat production. The keystone phylotypes within the global network rather than the overall microbial community dominated the soil multifunctionality and functionality of C,N, and P cycling across the soil profile(0–100 cm). We further confirmed that these keystone phylotypes consisted of many metabolic pathways of nutrient cycling and essential microbes involved in organic C mineralization, N_(2)O release, and biological N fixation. The chemical N, green manure, and cow manure resulted in the highest abundances of amoB, nifH, and GH48 genes and Nitrosomonadaceae,Azospirillaceae, and Sphingomonadaceae within the keystone phylotypes, and these microbes were significantly and positively correlated with N_(2)O release, N fixation, and organic C mineralization, respectively. Moreover, our results demonstrated that organic fertilization increased the effects of the network size and keystone phylotypes on the subsoil functions by facilitating the migration of soil microorganisms across the soil profiles and green manure with the highest migration rates. This study highlights the importance of the functionality of N cycling in controlling crop production and keystone phylotypes in regulating soil functions, and provides selectable fertilization strategies for maintaining crop production and soil functions across soil profiles in agricultural ecosystems.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(92051120)the Science&Technology Basic Resources Investigation Program of China(2017FY100300)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(191gzd28)the Sun Yat-sen University(project no.18821107).
文摘Submerged plants in wetlands play important roles as ecosystem engineers to improve self-purification and promote elemental cycling.However,their effects on the functional capacity of microbial communities in wetland sediments remain poorly understood.Here,we provide detailed metagenomic insights into the biogeochemical potential of microbial communities in wetland sediments with and without submerged plants(i.e.,Vallisneria natans).A large number of functional genes involved in carbon(C),nitrogen(N)and sulfur(S)cycling were detected in the wetland sediments.However,most functional genes showed higher abundance in sediments with submerged plants than in those without plants.Based on the comparison of annotated functional genes in the N and S cycling databases(i.e.,NCycDB and SCycDB),we found that genes involved in nitrogen fixation(e.g.,nifD/H/K/W),assimilatory nitrate reduction(e.g.,nasA and nirA),denitrification(e.g.,nirK/S and nosZ),assimilatory sulfate reduction(e.g.,cysD/H/J/N/Q and sir),and sulfur oxidation(e.g.,glpE,soeA,sqr and sseA)were significantly higher(correctedp<0.05)in vegetated vs.unvegetated sediments.This could be mainly driven by environmental factors including total phosphorus,total nitrogen,and C:N ratio.The binning of metagenomes further revealed that some archaeal taxa could have the potential of methane metabolism including hydrogenotrophic,acetoclastic,and methylotrophic methanogenesis,which are crucial to the wetland methane budget and carbon cycling.This study opens a new avenue for linking submerged plants with microbial functions,and has further implications for understanding global carbon,nitrogen and sulfur cycling in wetland ecosystems.
