Bay-site carboxyl functionalized perylene diimide derivative 1,7-COOH-PDI-C_(12)(PDI-COOH)was synthesized and distinct enhanced fluorescence was observed through combining with calcium ion(Ca^(2+))in THF/H_(2)O soluti...Bay-site carboxyl functionalized perylene diimide derivative 1,7-COOH-PDI-C_(12)(PDI-COOH)was synthesized and distinct enhanced fluorescence was observed through combining with calcium ion(Ca^(2+))in THF/H_(2)O solution.The assembly and fluorescence behavior of PDI-COOH/Ca^(2+)were studied in detail by changing hydration state with different concentrations.Based on the differences in assembly morphology and stoichiometric ratios of PDICOOH/Ca^(2+),we proposed the fluorescence emission mechanism of PDI-COOH/Ca^(2+)in THF/H_(2)O and THF,respectively.This work reveals a novel strategy of aggregated state fluorescence enhancement and reminds us of the important role of water in molecular fluorescence emission and assembly.展开更多
Gas sensor is an indispensable part of modern society withwide applications in environmental monitoring,healthcare,food industry,public safety,etc.With the development of sensor technology,wireless communication,smart...Gas sensor is an indispensable part of modern society withwide applications in environmental monitoring,healthcare,food industry,public safety,etc.With the development of sensor technology,wireless communication,smart monitoring terminal,cloud storage/computing technology,and artificial intelligence,smart gas sensors represent the future of gassensing due to their merits of real-time multifunctional monitoring,earlywarning function,and intelligent and automated feature.Various electronicand optoelectronic gas sensors have been developed for high-performancesmart gas analysis.With the development of smart terminals and the maturityof integrated technology,flexible and wearable gas sensors play an increasingrole in gas analysis.This review highlights recent advances of smart gassensors in diverse applications.The structural components and fundamentalprinciples of electronic and optoelectronic gas sensors are described,andflexible and wearable gas sensor devices are highlighted.Moreover,sensorarray with artificial intelligence algorithms and smart gas sensors in“Internet of Things”paradigm are introduced.Finally,the challengesand perspectives of smart gas sensors are discussed regarding the future need of gas sensors for smart city and healthy living.展开更多
Gastric polyps are commonly detected during upper gastrointestinal endoscopy.They are most often benign and rarely become malignant.Nevertheless,adequate knowledge,diagnostic modalities,and management strategies shoul...Gastric polyps are commonly detected during upper gastrointestinal endoscopy.They are most often benign and rarely become malignant.Nevertheless,adequate knowledge,diagnostic modalities,and management strategies should be the endoscopist’s readily available“weapons”to defeat the potentially malignant“enemies”.This article sheds light on the valuable effort by Costa et al to generate a new classification system of gastric polyps as“good”,“bad”,and“ugly”.This comprehensive overview provides clinicians with a simplified decision-making process.展开更多
This paper proposes a novel modified uni-traveling-carrier photodiode(MUTC-PD)featuring an electric field regulation layer:a p-type doped thin layer inserted behind the PD’s n-doped cliff layer.This electric field re...This paper proposes a novel modified uni-traveling-carrier photodiode(MUTC-PD)featuring an electric field regulation layer:a p-type doped thin layer inserted behind the PD’s n-doped cliff layer.This electric field regulation layer enhances the PD’s performance by not only reducing and smoothing the electric field intensity in the collector layer,allowing photo-generated electrons to transit at peak drift velocity,but also improving the electric field intensity in the depleted absorber layer and optimizing the photo-generated carriers’saturated transit performance.Additionally,the transport characteristics of the peak drift velocity of photogenerated electrons in the device’s collection layer can be used to optimize its parasitic characteristics.The electron’s peak drift velocity compensates for the lost transit time.Thus improving the 3 dB bandwidth of the PD’s photo response.Finally obtains a MUTC-PD with a 3 dB bandwidth of 68 GHz at a responsivity of 0.502 A/W,making it suitable for 100 Gbit/s optical receivers.展开更多
In rock drilling and blasting,the misfire of electronic detonators will not only affect the rock fragmentation result but also bring serious potential safety hazards to engineering construction.An accurate and compreh...In rock drilling and blasting,the misfire of electronic detonators will not only affect the rock fragmentation result but also bring serious potential safety hazards to engineering construction.An accurate and comprehensive understanding of the failure mechanisms of electronic detonators subjected to impact loading is of great significance to the reliability design and field safety use of electronic detonators.The spatial distribution characteristics and failure modes of misfired electronic detonators under different application scenarios are statistically analysed.The results show that under high impact loads,electronic detonators will experience failure phenomena such as rupture of the fuse head,fracture of the bridge wire,falling off of the solder joint,chip module damage and insufficient initiation energy after deformation.The lack of impact resistance is the primary cause of misfire of electronic detonators.Combined with the underwater impact resistance test and the impact load test in the adjacent blasthole on site,the formulas of the impact failure probability of the electronic detonator under different stress‒strength distribution curves are deduced.The test and evaluation method of the impact resistance of electronic detonators based on stress‒strength interference theory is proposed.Furthermore,the impact failure model of electronic detonators considering the strength degradation effect under repeated random loads is established.On this basis,the failure mechanism of electronic detonators under different application environments,such as open-pit blasting and underground blasting,is revealed,which provides scientific theory and methods for the reliability analysis,design and type selection of electronic detonators in rock drilling and blasting.展开更多
Up-and-coming high-temperature materials,refractory high entropy alloys,are suffering from lower oxidation resistance,restricting their applications in the aerospace field.In this study,two novel treatments of Al-depo...Up-and-coming high-temperature materials,refractory high entropy alloys,are suffering from lower oxidation resistance,restricting their applications in the aerospace field.In this study,two novel treatments of Al-deposited and remelted were developed to refine the microstructure and enhance the oxidation resistance of refractory high entropy alloy using electron beam freeform fabrication(EBF3).Finer and short-range ordering structures were observed in the remelted sample,whereas the Al-deposited sample showcased the formation of silicide and intermetallic phases.High-temperature cyclic and isothermal oxidation tests at 1000℃ were carried out.The total weight gain after 60 h of cyclic oxidation decreased by 17.49%and 30.46%for the remelted and deposited samples,respectively,compared to the as-cast state.Oxidation kinetics reveal an evident lower mass gain and oxidation rate in the treated samples.A multilayer oxide consisting of TiO_(2)+Al_(2)O_(3)+SiO_(2)+AlNbO_(4) was studied for its excellent oxidation resistance.The oxidation behavior of rutile,corundum and other oxides was analyzed using first principles calculations and chemical defect analysis.Overall,this research,which introduces novel treatments,offers promising insights for enhancing the inherent oxidation resistance of refractory high entropy alloys.展开更多
The triple bond in N_(2)has an extremely high bond energy and is thus difficult to break.N_(2)is commonly converted into NH3 artificially via the Haber-Bosch process,and NH_(3)can be utilized to produce other nitrogen...The triple bond in N_(2)has an extremely high bond energy and is thus difficult to break.N_(2)is commonly converted into NH3 artificially via the Haber-Bosch process,and NH_(3)can be utilized to produce other nitrogen-containing chemicals.Here,we developed an electron catalyzed method to directly fix N_(2)into azos,by pushing and pulling the electron into and from the aromatic halide with the cyclic voltammetry method.The round-trip journey of electron can successfully weaken the triple bond in N_(2)through the electron pushing-induced aryl radical via a“brick trowel”transition state,and then produce the diazonium ions by pulling the electron out from the diazo radical intermediate.Different azos can be synthesized with this developed electron catalyzed approach.This approach provides a novel concept and practical route for the fixation of N_(2)at atmospheric pressure into chemical products valuable for industrial and commercial applications.展开更多
In this study,a phosphate-based conversion coating(PCC)was applied as a precursor before forming silicate-fluoride(SiF)and silicate-phosphate-fluoride(SiPF)based flash-plasma electrolytic oxidation(Flash-PEO)coatings ...In this study,a phosphate-based conversion coating(PCC)was applied as a precursor before forming silicate-fluoride(SiF)and silicate-phosphate-fluoride(SiPF)based flash-plasma electrolytic oxidation(Flash-PEO)coatings on AZ31B magnesium alloy.The main novelty is the successful incorporation of calcium,zinc,manganese and phosphate species into the Flash-PEO coatings via a precursor layer rather than using the electrolyte.The precursor also led to longer lasting and more intense discharges during the PEO process,resulting in increased pore size.Corrosion studies revealed similar short-term performance for all coatings,with impedance modulus at low frequencies above 10^(7)Ωcm^(2),and slightly better performance for the SiPF-based coating.Nonetheless,the enlarged pores in the PEO coatings functionalized with the PCC precursor compromised the effectiveness of self-healing mechanisms by creating diffusion pathways for corrosive species,leading to earlier failure.These phenomena were effectively monitored by recording the open circuit potential during immersion in 0.5 wt.%NaCl solution.In summary,this study demonstrates that conversion coatings are a viable option for the functionalization of PEO coatings on magnesium alloys,as they allow for the incorporation of cationic and other species.However,it is crucial to maintain a small pore size to facilitate effective blockage through self-healing mechanisms.展开更多
In this paper,we have calculated the structural,electronic,and optical properties of chalcogenide stannite Cu_(2)CdSnX4(X=S,Se,Te) materials.The calculations are based on the density functional theory (DFT) method and...In this paper,we have calculated the structural,electronic,and optical properties of chalcogenide stannite Cu_(2)CdSnX4(X=S,Se,Te) materials.The calculations are based on the density functional theory (DFT) method and are performed using the Cambridge sequential total energy package (CASTEP) code included in the Biovia Material Studio 20 software.All optical properties have been studied in a domain that extends energetically from 10 meV to 40 eV.Our results show that Cu_(2)CdSnX4(X=S,Se,Te) stannite exhibits absorption in the visible region,the refractive index decreases with increasing energy,and the refractive index values are n=3.2,3.73 and 3.75 for Cu_(2)CdSnS_(4),Cu_(2)CdSnSe_(4)and Cu_(2)CdSnTe_(4),respectively.They show also high conductivity,which implies that this material is promising for solar cells.These results argue in favor of the use of these materials in various potential applications.The density of state,band structures,and structural properties of Cu_(2)CdSnX4(X=S,Se,and Te) stannite are also studied in this work.展开更多
Asymmetric tilt boundaries on conventional twin boundaries(TBs)are significant for understanding the role of twins on coordinating plastic deformation in many metallic alloys.However,the formation modes of many asymme...Asymmetric tilt boundaries on conventional twin boundaries(TBs)are significant for understanding the role of twins on coordinating plastic deformation in many metallic alloys.However,the formation modes of many asymmetric tilt boundaries are hard to be accounted for based on traditional theoretical models,and the corresponding solute segregation is complex.Herein,atomic structures of a specific asymmetric boundary on{1012}TBs were reveled using aberration-corrected high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy(HAADF-STEM),molecular dynamics(MD)and density functional theory(DFT)simulations.Reaction between<a60>M dislocations and the{1012}TB can generate a~61°/25°asymmetric tilt boundary.The segregation of Gd and Zn atoms is closely related to the aggregateddislocations and the interfacial interstices of the asymmetric tilt boundary,which is energetically favorable in reducing the total system energy.展开更多
Catalytic oxidation of organic pollutants is a well-known and effective technique for pollutant abatement.Unfortunately,this method is significantly hindered in practical applications by the lowefficiency and difficul...Catalytic oxidation of organic pollutants is a well-known and effective technique for pollutant abatement.Unfortunately,this method is significantly hindered in practical applications by the lowefficiency and difficult recovery of the catalysts in a powdery form.Herein,a three-dimensional(3D)framework of Fe-incorporated Ni_(3)S_(2)nanosheets in-situ grown on Ni foam(Fe-Ni_(3)S_(2)@NF)was fabricated by a facile two-step hydrothermal process and applied to trigger peroxymonosulfate(PMS)oxidation of organic compounds inwater.A homogeneous growth environment enabled the uniform and scalable growth of Fe-Ni_(3)S_(2)nanosheets on the Ni foam.Fe-Ni_(3)S_(2)@NF possessed outstanding activity and durability in activating PMS,as it effectively facilitated electron transfer from organic pollutants to PMS.Fe-Ni_(3)S_(2)@NF initially supplied electrons to PMS,causing the catalyst to undergo oxidation,and subsequently accepted electrons from organic compounds,returning to its initial state.The introduction of Fe into the Ni_(3)S_(2)lattice enhanced electrical conductivity,promoting mediated electron transfer between PMS and organic compounds.The 3D conductive Ni foam provided an ideal platform for the nucleation and growth of Fe-Ni_(3)S_(2),accelerating pollutant abatement due to its porous structure and high conductivity.Furthermore,its monolithic nature simplified the catalyst recycling process.A continuous flow packed-bed reactor by encapsulating Fe-Ni_(3)S_(2)@NF catalyst achieved complete pollutant abatement with continuous operation for 240 h,highlighting its immense potential for practical environmental remediation.This study presents a facile synthesis method for creating a novel type of monolithic catalyst with high activity and durability for decontamination through Fenton-like processes.展开更多
The development of electronic products and increased electronic waste have triggered a series of ecological problems on Earth.Meanwhile,amidst energy crises and the pursuit of carbon neutrality,the recycling of discar...The development of electronic products and increased electronic waste have triggered a series of ecological problems on Earth.Meanwhile,amidst energy crises and the pursuit of carbon neutrality,the recycling of discarded biomass has attracted the attention of many researchers.In recent years,the transformation of discarded biomass into value-added electronic products has emerged as a promising endeavor in the field of green and flexible electronics.In this review,the attempts and advancements in biomass conversion into flexible electronic materials and devices are systematically summarized.We focus on reviewing the research progress in biomass conversion into substrates,electrodes,and materials tailored for optical and thermal management.Furthermore,we explore component combinations suitable for applications in environmental monitoring and health management.Finally,we discuss the challenges in techniques and cost-effectiveness currently faced by biomass conversion into flexible electronic devices and propose improvement strategies.Drawing insights from both fundamental research and industrial applications,we offer prospects for future developments in this burgeoning field.展开更多
Advances in wearable electronics and information technology drive sports data collection and analysis toward real-time visualization and precision. The growing pursuit of athleticism and healthy life makes it appealin...Advances in wearable electronics and information technology drive sports data collection and analysis toward real-time visualization and precision. The growing pursuit of athleticism and healthy life makes it appealing for individuals to track their real-time health and exercise data seamlessly. While numerous devices enable sports and health monitoring, maintaining comfort over long periods remains a considerable challenge, especially in high-intensity and sweaty sports scenarios. Textiles, with their breathability, deformability, and moisture-wicking abilities, ensure exceptional comfort during prolonged wear, making them ideal for wearable platforms. This review summarized the progress of research on textile-based sports monitoring devices. First, the design principles and fabrication methods of smart textiles were introduced systematically. Textiles undergo a distinctive fiber-yarn-fabric or fiber-fabric manufacturing process that allows for the regulation of performance and the integration of functional elements at every step. Then, the performance requirements for precise sports data collection of smart textiles, including main vital signs, joint movement, and data transmission, were discussed. Lastly, the applications of smart textiles in various sports scenarios are demonstrated. Additionally, the review provides an in-depth analysis of the emerging challenges, strategies, and opportunities for the research and development of sports-oriented smart textiles. Smart textiles not only maintain comfort and accuracy in sports, but also serve as inexpensive and efficient information-gathering terminals. Therefore, developing multifunctional, cost-effective textile-based systems for personalized sports and healthcare is a pressing need for the future of intelligent sports.展开更多
Structural regulation of Pd-based electrocatalytic hydrodechlorination(EHDC)catalyst for constructing high-efficient cathode materials with low noble metal content and high atom utilization is crucial but still challe...Structural regulation of Pd-based electrocatalytic hydrodechlorination(EHDC)catalyst for constructing high-efficient cathode materials with low noble metal content and high atom utilization is crucial but still challenging.Herein,a support electron inductive effect of Pd-Mn/Ni foam catalyst was proposed via in-situ Mn doping to optimize the electronic structure of the Ni foam(NF),which can inductive regulation of Pd for improving the EHDC performance.The mass activity and current efficiency of Pd-Mn/NF catalyst are 2.91 and 1.34 times superior to that of Pd/NF with 2,4-dichlorophenol as model compound,respectively.The Mn-doped interlayer optimized the electronic structure of Pd by bringing the d-state closer to the Fermi level than Pd on the NF surface,which optimizied the binding of EHDC intermediates.Additionally,the Mn-doped interlayer acted as a promoter for generating H∗and accelerating the EHDC reaction.This work presents a simple and effective regulation strategy for constructing high-efficient cathode catalyst for the EHDC of chlorinated organic compounds.展开更多
Self-trapping excitons(STEs) emission in metal halides has been a matter of interest, correlating with the strength of electron-phonon coupling in the lattice, which are usually caused by ions with ns~2 electronic str...Self-trapping excitons(STEs) emission in metal halides has been a matter of interest, correlating with the strength of electron-phonon coupling in the lattice, which are usually caused by ions with ns~2 electronic structure. In this work, Sb^(3+)/Te^(4+)ions doped Zn-based halide single crystals(SCs) with two STEs emissions have been synthesized and the possibility of its anti-counterfeiting application was explored.Further, the relationship between the strength of electron-phonon coupling and photoluminescence quantum yields(PLQYs) for STEs in a series of metal halides has been studied. And the semi-empirical range of the Huang-Rhys factors(S) for metal halides with excellent photoluminescence(PL) property has been summarized. This work provides ideas for further research into the relationship between luminescence performance and electron-phonon coupling of metal halides, and also provides a reference for designing the metal halides with high PLQYs.展开更多
In this paper,the property degradation micromechanism of Al-5.10Cu-0.65 Mg-0.8Mn(wt%)alloy induced by 0.5 wt%Fe minor addition was revealed by atomic-scale scanning transmission electron microscopy and energy-dispersi...In this paper,the property degradation micromechanism of Al-5.10Cu-0.65 Mg-0.8Mn(wt%)alloy induced by 0.5 wt%Fe minor addition was revealed by atomic-scale scanning transmission electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy coupled with first-principles calculations.The results show that the Fe minor addition to the Al-Cu-Mg-Mn alloy leads to a slight reduction of grain size and the formation of coarse Al7Cu2Fe constituent particles.Fe tends to segregate into the T-phase dispersoids,θ'-,and S-phase precipitates by preferentially occupying Cu or Mn sites in these phase structures.The apparent Fe segregation contributes to an increase in stiffness of the T-phase and S-phase but decreased stiffness of theθ'phase.Formation of the coarse Al7Cu2Fe constituent particles and decreased stiffness of main precipitatesθ'containing Fe result in the degraded strength of the Al-Cu-Mg-Mn-Fe alloy.Further study reveals that corrosion resistance degradation of the Al-Cu-Mg-Mn-Fe alloy is associated with the increased width of precipitation free zones and consecutive grain boundary precipitates.The obtained results have significant implications for the usage of recycled Al alloys and the potential design strategies of high-performance alloys containing Fe.展开更多
Rapid industrialization advancements have grabbed worldwide attention to integrate a very large number of electronic components into a smaller space for performing multifunctional operations.To fulfill the growing com...Rapid industrialization advancements have grabbed worldwide attention to integrate a very large number of electronic components into a smaller space for performing multifunctional operations.To fulfill the growing computing demand state-of-the-art materials are required for substituting traditional silicon and metal oxide semiconductors frameworks.Two-dimensional(2D)materials have shown their tremendous potential surpassing the limitations of conventional materials for developing smart devices.Despite their ground-breaking progress over the last two decades,systematic studies providing in-depth insights into the exciting physics of 2D materials are still lacking.Therefore,in this review,we discuss the importance of 2D materials in bridging the gap between conventional and advanced technologies due to their distinct statistical and quantum physics.Moreover,the inherent properties of these materials could easily be tailored to meet the specific requirements of smart devices.Hence,we discuss the physics of various 2D materials enabling them to fabricate smart devices.We also shed light on promising opportunities in developing smart devices and identified the formidable challenges that need to be addressed.展开更多
Nanocrystals have emerged as cutting-edge functional materials benefiting from the increased surface and enhanced coupling of electronic states.High-resolution imaging in transmission electron microscope can provide i...Nanocrystals have emerged as cutting-edge functional materials benefiting from the increased surface and enhanced coupling of electronic states.High-resolution imaging in transmission electron microscope can provide invaluable structural information of crystalline materials,albeit it remains greatly challenging to nanocrystals due to the arduousness of accurate zone axis adjustment.Herein,a homemade software package,called SmartAxis,is developed for rapid yet accurate zone axis alignment of nanocrystals.Incident electron beam tilt is employed as an eccentric goniometer to measure the angular deviation of a crystal to a zone axis,and then serves as a linkage to calculate theαandβtilts of goniometer based on an accurate quantitative relationship.In this way,high-resolution imaging of one identical small Au nanocrystal,as well as electron beam-sensitive MIL-101 metal-organic framework crystals,along multiple zone axes,was performed successfully by using this accurate,time-and electron dose-saving zone axis alignment software package.展开更多
Layered double hydroxide(LDH)based heterogonous peroxymonosulfate(PMS)activation degradation of pollutants has attracted extensive attention.The challenge is to selectively regulate the traditional free radical domina...Layered double hydroxide(LDH)based heterogonous peroxymonosulfate(PMS)activation degradation of pollutants has attracted extensive attention.The challenge is to selectively regulate the traditional free radical dominant degradation pathway into a nonradical degradation pathway.Herein,an interface ar-chitecture of Ti_(3) C_(2) T_(x)-MXene(MXene)loading on the Fe-Al LDH scaffold was developed,which showed excellent stability and robust resistance against harsh conditions.Significantly,the rate constant for tetra-cycline hydrochloride(TC)degradation in the MXene-LDH/PMS process was 0.421 min^(-1),which was ten times faster than the rate constant for pure Fe-Al LDH(0.042 min^(-1)).Specifically,more reactive Fe with the closer d-band center to the Fermi level results in higher electron transfer efficiency.The occupa-tions of Fe-3d orbitals in Mxene/Fe-Al LDH are pushed above the Fermi level to generate,which results in higher PMS adsorption and inhibition of the release of oxygen-containing active species intermedi-ates,leading to the enhanced^(1)O_(2) generation.Additionally,the built-in electric field in the heterojunc-tion was driven by the charge redistribution between MXene and Fe-Al LDH,resulting in a mediated-electron transfer mechanism,differentiating it from the Fe-Al LDH/PMS system.It was fascinating that MXene/Fe-Al LDH achieved satisfactory treatment efficiency in continuous column reactor and real landfill leachate.展开更多
In present work,blue carbon dots(b-CDs)were derived from ammonium citrate and guanidine hydrochloride,and red carbon dots(r-CDs)were stemmed from malonate,ethylenediamine and meso-tetra(4-carboxyphenyl)porphin based o...In present work,blue carbon dots(b-CDs)were derived from ammonium citrate and guanidine hydrochloride,and red carbon dots(r-CDs)were stemmed from malonate,ethylenediamine and meso-tetra(4-carboxyphenyl)porphin based on facile hydrothermal method.Eco-friendly ratiometric fluorescence probe was innovatively constructed to effectively measure Hg2+utilizing b-CDs and r-CDs.The developed probe displayed two typical emission peaks at 450 nm from b-CDs and 650 nm from r-CDs under the excitation at 360 nm.Mercury ion has strong quenching effect on the fluorescence intensity at 450 nm due to the electron transfer process and the fluorescence change at 450 nm was used as the response signal,whereas the fluorescence intensity at 650 nm kept unchangeable which resulted from the chemical inertness between Hg^(2+)and r-CDs,serving as the reference signal in the sensing system.Under optimal circumstances,this probe exhibited an excellent linearity between the fluorescence response values of F450/F650 and Hg^(2+)concentrations over range of 0.01-10μmol/L,and the limit of detectionwas down to 5.3 nmol/L.Furthermore,this probe was successfully employed for sensing Hg^(2+)in practical environmental water samples with satisfied recoveries of 98.5%-105.0%.The constructed ratiometric fluorescent probe provided a rapid,environmental-friendly,reliable,and efficient platform for measuring trace Hg^(2+)in environmental field.展开更多
文摘Bay-site carboxyl functionalized perylene diimide derivative 1,7-COOH-PDI-C_(12)(PDI-COOH)was synthesized and distinct enhanced fluorescence was observed through combining with calcium ion(Ca^(2+))in THF/H_(2)O solution.The assembly and fluorescence behavior of PDI-COOH/Ca^(2+)were studied in detail by changing hydration state with different concentrations.Based on the differences in assembly morphology and stoichiometric ratios of PDICOOH/Ca^(2+),we proposed the fluorescence emission mechanism of PDI-COOH/Ca^(2+)in THF/H_(2)O and THF,respectively.This work reveals a novel strategy of aggregated state fluorescence enhancement and reminds us of the important role of water in molecular fluorescence emission and assembly.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22376159)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities.
文摘Gas sensor is an indispensable part of modern society withwide applications in environmental monitoring,healthcare,food industry,public safety,etc.With the development of sensor technology,wireless communication,smart monitoring terminal,cloud storage/computing technology,and artificial intelligence,smart gas sensors represent the future of gassensing due to their merits of real-time multifunctional monitoring,earlywarning function,and intelligent and automated feature.Various electronicand optoelectronic gas sensors have been developed for high-performancesmart gas analysis.With the development of smart terminals and the maturityof integrated technology,flexible and wearable gas sensors play an increasingrole in gas analysis.This review highlights recent advances of smart gassensors in diverse applications.The structural components and fundamentalprinciples of electronic and optoelectronic gas sensors are described,andflexible and wearable gas sensor devices are highlighted.Moreover,sensorarray with artificial intelligence algorithms and smart gas sensors in“Internet of Things”paradigm are introduced.Finally,the challengesand perspectives of smart gas sensors are discussed regarding the future need of gas sensors for smart city and healthy living.
文摘Gastric polyps are commonly detected during upper gastrointestinal endoscopy.They are most often benign and rarely become malignant.Nevertheless,adequate knowledge,diagnostic modalities,and management strategies should be the endoscopist’s readily available“weapons”to defeat the potentially malignant“enemies”.This article sheds light on the valuable effort by Costa et al to generate a new classification system of gastric polyps as“good”,“bad”,and“ugly”.This comprehensive overview provides clinicians with a simplified decision-making process.
文摘This paper proposes a novel modified uni-traveling-carrier photodiode(MUTC-PD)featuring an electric field regulation layer:a p-type doped thin layer inserted behind the PD’s n-doped cliff layer.This electric field regulation layer enhances the PD’s performance by not only reducing and smoothing the electric field intensity in the collector layer,allowing photo-generated electrons to transit at peak drift velocity,but also improving the electric field intensity in the depleted absorber layer and optimizing the photo-generated carriers’saturated transit performance.Additionally,the transport characteristics of the peak drift velocity of photogenerated electrons in the device’s collection layer can be used to optimize its parasitic characteristics.The electron’s peak drift velocity compensates for the lost transit time.Thus improving the 3 dB bandwidth of the PD’s photo response.Finally obtains a MUTC-PD with a 3 dB bandwidth of 68 GHz at a responsivity of 0.502 A/W,making it suitable for 100 Gbit/s optical receivers.
基金supported by the Chongqing Youth Talent Support Program(Cstc2022ycjh-bgzxm0079)the Chinese National Natural Science Foundation(52379128,51979152)+2 种基金Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars of Hubei Proivnce(2023AFA048)Educational Commission of Hubei Province of China(T2020005)the Young Top-notch Talent Cultivation Program of Hubei Province.
文摘In rock drilling and blasting,the misfire of electronic detonators will not only affect the rock fragmentation result but also bring serious potential safety hazards to engineering construction.An accurate and comprehensive understanding of the failure mechanisms of electronic detonators subjected to impact loading is of great significance to the reliability design and field safety use of electronic detonators.The spatial distribution characteristics and failure modes of misfired electronic detonators under different application scenarios are statistically analysed.The results show that under high impact loads,electronic detonators will experience failure phenomena such as rupture of the fuse head,fracture of the bridge wire,falling off of the solder joint,chip module damage and insufficient initiation energy after deformation.The lack of impact resistance is the primary cause of misfire of electronic detonators.Combined with the underwater impact resistance test and the impact load test in the adjacent blasthole on site,the formulas of the impact failure probability of the electronic detonator under different stress‒strength distribution curves are deduced.The test and evaluation method of the impact resistance of electronic detonators based on stress‒strength interference theory is proposed.Furthermore,the impact failure model of electronic detonators considering the strength degradation effect under repeated random loads is established.On this basis,the failure mechanism of electronic detonators under different application environments,such as open-pit blasting and underground blasting,is revealed,which provides scientific theory and methods for the reliability analysis,design and type selection of electronic detonators in rock drilling and blasting.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2022YFF0609000)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52171034 and 52101037)Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSFara(No.GZB20230944).
文摘Up-and-coming high-temperature materials,refractory high entropy alloys,are suffering from lower oxidation resistance,restricting their applications in the aerospace field.In this study,two novel treatments of Al-deposited and remelted were developed to refine the microstructure and enhance the oxidation resistance of refractory high entropy alloy using electron beam freeform fabrication(EBF3).Finer and short-range ordering structures were observed in the remelted sample,whereas the Al-deposited sample showcased the formation of silicide and intermetallic phases.High-temperature cyclic and isothermal oxidation tests at 1000℃ were carried out.The total weight gain after 60 h of cyclic oxidation decreased by 17.49%and 30.46%for the remelted and deposited samples,respectively,compared to the as-cast state.Oxidation kinetics reveal an evident lower mass gain and oxidation rate in the treated samples.A multilayer oxide consisting of TiO_(2)+Al_(2)O_(3)+SiO_(2)+AlNbO_(4) was studied for its excellent oxidation resistance.The oxidation behavior of rutile,corundum and other oxides was analyzed using first principles calculations and chemical defect analysis.Overall,this research,which introduces novel treatments,offers promising insights for enhancing the inherent oxidation resistance of refractory high entropy alloys.
文摘The triple bond in N_(2)has an extremely high bond energy and is thus difficult to break.N_(2)is commonly converted into NH3 artificially via the Haber-Bosch process,and NH_(3)can be utilized to produce other nitrogen-containing chemicals.Here,we developed an electron catalyzed method to directly fix N_(2)into azos,by pushing and pulling the electron into and from the aromatic halide with the cyclic voltammetry method.The round-trip journey of electron can successfully weaken the triple bond in N_(2)through the electron pushing-induced aryl radical via a“brick trowel”transition state,and then produce the diazonium ions by pulling the electron out from the diazo radical intermediate.Different azos can be synthesized with this developed electron catalyzed approach.This approach provides a novel concept and practical route for the fixation of N_(2)at atmospheric pressure into chemical products valuable for industrial and commercial applications.
基金support of the PID2021-124341OB-C22/AEI/10.13039/501100011033/FEDER,UE(MICIU)J.M.Vega also acknowledges the Grant RYC2021-034384-I funded by MICIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by“European Union Next Generation EU/PRTR”.
文摘In this study,a phosphate-based conversion coating(PCC)was applied as a precursor before forming silicate-fluoride(SiF)and silicate-phosphate-fluoride(SiPF)based flash-plasma electrolytic oxidation(Flash-PEO)coatings on AZ31B magnesium alloy.The main novelty is the successful incorporation of calcium,zinc,manganese and phosphate species into the Flash-PEO coatings via a precursor layer rather than using the electrolyte.The precursor also led to longer lasting and more intense discharges during the PEO process,resulting in increased pore size.Corrosion studies revealed similar short-term performance for all coatings,with impedance modulus at low frequencies above 10^(7)Ωcm^(2),and slightly better performance for the SiPF-based coating.Nonetheless,the enlarged pores in the PEO coatings functionalized with the PCC precursor compromised the effectiveness of self-healing mechanisms by creating diffusion pathways for corrosive species,leading to earlier failure.These phenomena were effectively monitored by recording the open circuit potential during immersion in 0.5 wt.%NaCl solution.In summary,this study demonstrates that conversion coatings are a viable option for the functionalization of PEO coatings on magnesium alloys,as they allow for the incorporation of cationic and other species.However,it is crucial to maintain a small pore size to facilitate effective blockage through self-healing mechanisms.
基金supported by the University Sultan Moulay Slimane,Beni Mellal,Morocco。
文摘In this paper,we have calculated the structural,electronic,and optical properties of chalcogenide stannite Cu_(2)CdSnX4(X=S,Se,Te) materials.The calculations are based on the density functional theory (DFT) method and are performed using the Cambridge sequential total energy package (CASTEP) code included in the Biovia Material Studio 20 software.All optical properties have been studied in a domain that extends energetically from 10 meV to 40 eV.Our results show that Cu_(2)CdSnX4(X=S,Se,Te) stannite exhibits absorption in the visible region,the refractive index decreases with increasing energy,and the refractive index values are n=3.2,3.73 and 3.75 for Cu_(2)CdSnS_(4),Cu_(2)CdSnSe_(4)and Cu_(2)CdSnTe_(4),respectively.They show also high conductivity,which implies that this material is promising for solar cells.These results argue in favor of the use of these materials in various potential applications.The density of state,band structures,and structural properties of Cu_(2)CdSnX4(X=S,Se,and Te) stannite are also studied in this work.
基金supported by the Scientific and Technological Developing Scheme of Jilin Province under grants no.YDZJ202301ZYTS538the Chinese Academy of Sciences Youth Innovation Promotion Association under grants number 2023234+3 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China under grants number U21A20323the Scientific and Technological Developing Scheme of Jilin Province under grants no.SKL202302038the Major Scientific and Technological Projects of Hebei Province under grants No.23291001Zthe Scientific and Technology Project of Hanjiang District.
文摘Asymmetric tilt boundaries on conventional twin boundaries(TBs)are significant for understanding the role of twins on coordinating plastic deformation in many metallic alloys.However,the formation modes of many asymmetric tilt boundaries are hard to be accounted for based on traditional theoretical models,and the corresponding solute segregation is complex.Herein,atomic structures of a specific asymmetric boundary on{1012}TBs were reveled using aberration-corrected high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy(HAADF-STEM),molecular dynamics(MD)and density functional theory(DFT)simulations.Reaction between<a60>M dislocations and the{1012}TB can generate a~61°/25°asymmetric tilt boundary.The segregation of Gd and Zn atoms is closely related to the aggregateddislocations and the interfacial interstices of the asymmetric tilt boundary,which is energetically favorable in reducing the total system energy.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21876039)Y.Yao acknowledges the scholarship support from the China Scholarship Council(No.202106695010)Partial support from the Australian Research Council for DP230102406 is also acknowledged.
文摘Catalytic oxidation of organic pollutants is a well-known and effective technique for pollutant abatement.Unfortunately,this method is significantly hindered in practical applications by the lowefficiency and difficult recovery of the catalysts in a powdery form.Herein,a three-dimensional(3D)framework of Fe-incorporated Ni_(3)S_(2)nanosheets in-situ grown on Ni foam(Fe-Ni_(3)S_(2)@NF)was fabricated by a facile two-step hydrothermal process and applied to trigger peroxymonosulfate(PMS)oxidation of organic compounds inwater.A homogeneous growth environment enabled the uniform and scalable growth of Fe-Ni_(3)S_(2)nanosheets on the Ni foam.Fe-Ni_(3)S_(2)@NF possessed outstanding activity and durability in activating PMS,as it effectively facilitated electron transfer from organic pollutants to PMS.Fe-Ni_(3)S_(2)@NF initially supplied electrons to PMS,causing the catalyst to undergo oxidation,and subsequently accepted electrons from organic compounds,returning to its initial state.The introduction of Fe into the Ni_(3)S_(2)lattice enhanced electrical conductivity,promoting mediated electron transfer between PMS and organic compounds.The 3D conductive Ni foam provided an ideal platform for the nucleation and growth of Fe-Ni_(3)S_(2),accelerating pollutant abatement due to its porous structure and high conductivity.Furthermore,its monolithic nature simplified the catalyst recycling process.A continuous flow packed-bed reactor by encapsulating Fe-Ni_(3)S_(2)@NF catalyst achieved complete pollutant abatement with continuous operation for 240 h,highlighting its immense potential for practical environmental remediation.This study presents a facile synthesis method for creating a novel type of monolithic catalyst with high activity and durability for decontamination through Fenton-like processes.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2018YFA0901700)National Natural Science Foundation of China(22278241)+1 种基金a grant from the Institute Guo Qiang,Tsinghua University(2021GQG1016)Department of Chemical Engineering-iBHE Joint Cooperation Fund。
文摘The development of electronic products and increased electronic waste have triggered a series of ecological problems on Earth.Meanwhile,amidst energy crises and the pursuit of carbon neutrality,the recycling of discarded biomass has attracted the attention of many researchers.In recent years,the transformation of discarded biomass into value-added electronic products has emerged as a promising endeavor in the field of green and flexible electronics.In this review,the attempts and advancements in biomass conversion into flexible electronic materials and devices are systematically summarized.We focus on reviewing the research progress in biomass conversion into substrates,electrodes,and materials tailored for optical and thermal management.Furthermore,we explore component combinations suitable for applications in environmental monitoring and health management.Finally,we discuss the challenges in techniques and cost-effectiveness currently faced by biomass conversion into flexible electronic devices and propose improvement strategies.Drawing insights from both fundamental research and industrial applications,we offer prospects for future developments in this burgeoning field.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (52073051, 52373054)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (2232022A-04, 24D110109/005, 2232024G-06-01)+1 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai (23ZR1400900)Shanghai Frontier Science Research Center for Modern Textiles。
文摘Advances in wearable electronics and information technology drive sports data collection and analysis toward real-time visualization and precision. The growing pursuit of athleticism and healthy life makes it appealing for individuals to track their real-time health and exercise data seamlessly. While numerous devices enable sports and health monitoring, maintaining comfort over long periods remains a considerable challenge, especially in high-intensity and sweaty sports scenarios. Textiles, with their breathability, deformability, and moisture-wicking abilities, ensure exceptional comfort during prolonged wear, making them ideal for wearable platforms. This review summarized the progress of research on textile-based sports monitoring devices. First, the design principles and fabrication methods of smart textiles were introduced systematically. Textiles undergo a distinctive fiber-yarn-fabric or fiber-fabric manufacturing process that allows for the regulation of performance and the integration of functional elements at every step. Then, the performance requirements for precise sports data collection of smart textiles, including main vital signs, joint movement, and data transmission, were discussed. Lastly, the applications of smart textiles in various sports scenarios are demonstrated. Additionally, the review provides an in-depth analysis of the emerging challenges, strategies, and opportunities for the research and development of sports-oriented smart textiles. Smart textiles not only maintain comfort and accuracy in sports, but also serve as inexpensive and efficient information-gathering terminals. Therefore, developing multifunctional, cost-effective textile-based systems for personalized sports and healthcare is a pressing need for the future of intelligent sports.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22178388 and 22108306)Taishan Scholars Program of Shandong Province(No.tsqn201909065)Chongqing Science and Technology Bureau(No.cstc2019jscx-gksb X0032).
文摘Structural regulation of Pd-based electrocatalytic hydrodechlorination(EHDC)catalyst for constructing high-efficient cathode materials with low noble metal content and high atom utilization is crucial but still challenging.Herein,a support electron inductive effect of Pd-Mn/Ni foam catalyst was proposed via in-situ Mn doping to optimize the electronic structure of the Ni foam(NF),which can inductive regulation of Pd for improving the EHDC performance.The mass activity and current efficiency of Pd-Mn/NF catalyst are 2.91 and 1.34 times superior to that of Pd/NF with 2,4-dichlorophenol as model compound,respectively.The Mn-doped interlayer optimized the electronic structure of Pd by bringing the d-state closer to the Fermi level than Pd on the NF surface,which optimizied the binding of EHDC intermediates.Additionally,the Mn-doped interlayer acted as a promoter for generating H∗and accelerating the EHDC reaction.This work presents a simple and effective regulation strategy for constructing high-efficient cathode catalyst for the EHDC of chlorinated organic compounds.
基金supported by the financial aid from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 22271273)International Partnership Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. 121522KYSB20190022)。
文摘Self-trapping excitons(STEs) emission in metal halides has been a matter of interest, correlating with the strength of electron-phonon coupling in the lattice, which are usually caused by ions with ns~2 electronic structure. In this work, Sb^(3+)/Te^(4+)ions doped Zn-based halide single crystals(SCs) with two STEs emissions have been synthesized and the possibility of its anti-counterfeiting application was explored.Further, the relationship between the strength of electron-phonon coupling and photoluminescence quantum yields(PLQYs) for STEs in a series of metal halides has been studied. And the semi-empirical range of the Huang-Rhys factors(S) for metal halides with excellent photoluminescence(PL) property has been summarized. This work provides ideas for further research into the relationship between luminescence performance and electron-phonon coupling of metal halides, and also provides a reference for designing the metal halides with high PLQYs.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.U20A20274 and 52061003)the Natural Science Foundation of Yunnan Province(No.202301AT070209)the Science and Technology Major Project of Yunnan Province(No.202102AG050017).
文摘In this paper,the property degradation micromechanism of Al-5.10Cu-0.65 Mg-0.8Mn(wt%)alloy induced by 0.5 wt%Fe minor addition was revealed by atomic-scale scanning transmission electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy coupled with first-principles calculations.The results show that the Fe minor addition to the Al-Cu-Mg-Mn alloy leads to a slight reduction of grain size and the formation of coarse Al7Cu2Fe constituent particles.Fe tends to segregate into the T-phase dispersoids,θ'-,and S-phase precipitates by preferentially occupying Cu or Mn sites in these phase structures.The apparent Fe segregation contributes to an increase in stiffness of the T-phase and S-phase but decreased stiffness of theθ'phase.Formation of the coarse Al7Cu2Fe constituent particles and decreased stiffness of main precipitatesθ'containing Fe result in the degraded strength of the Al-Cu-Mg-Mn-Fe alloy.Further study reveals that corrosion resistance degradation of the Al-Cu-Mg-Mn-Fe alloy is associated with the increased width of precipitation free zones and consecutive grain boundary precipitates.The obtained results have significant implications for the usage of recycled Al alloys and the potential design strategies of high-performance alloys containing Fe.
文摘Rapid industrialization advancements have grabbed worldwide attention to integrate a very large number of electronic components into a smaller space for performing multifunctional operations.To fulfill the growing computing demand state-of-the-art materials are required for substituting traditional silicon and metal oxide semiconductors frameworks.Two-dimensional(2D)materials have shown their tremendous potential surpassing the limitations of conventional materials for developing smart devices.Despite their ground-breaking progress over the last two decades,systematic studies providing in-depth insights into the exciting physics of 2D materials are still lacking.Therefore,in this review,we discuss the importance of 2D materials in bridging the gap between conventional and advanced technologies due to their distinct statistical and quantum physics.Moreover,the inherent properties of these materials could easily be tailored to meet the specific requirements of smart devices.Hence,we discuss the physics of various 2D materials enabling them to fabricate smart devices.We also shed light on promising opportunities in developing smart devices and identified the formidable challenges that need to be addressed.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2021YFA1501002)Thousand Talents Program for Distinguished Young Scholars.X.Li thanks the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22309021).
文摘Nanocrystals have emerged as cutting-edge functional materials benefiting from the increased surface and enhanced coupling of electronic states.High-resolution imaging in transmission electron microscope can provide invaluable structural information of crystalline materials,albeit it remains greatly challenging to nanocrystals due to the arduousness of accurate zone axis adjustment.Herein,a homemade software package,called SmartAxis,is developed for rapid yet accurate zone axis alignment of nanocrystals.Incident electron beam tilt is employed as an eccentric goniometer to measure the angular deviation of a crystal to a zone axis,and then serves as a linkage to calculate theαandβtilts of goniometer based on an accurate quantitative relationship.In this way,high-resolution imaging of one identical small Au nanocrystal,as well as electron beam-sensitive MIL-101 metal-organic framework crystals,along multiple zone axes,was performed successfully by using this accurate,time-and electron dose-saving zone axis alignment software package.
基金financially supported by the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research Program(STEP)(No.2019QZKK1003)the Science and Technology Innovation Pro-gram of Hunan Province(No.2022RC1122)。
文摘Layered double hydroxide(LDH)based heterogonous peroxymonosulfate(PMS)activation degradation of pollutants has attracted extensive attention.The challenge is to selectively regulate the traditional free radical dominant degradation pathway into a nonradical degradation pathway.Herein,an interface ar-chitecture of Ti_(3) C_(2) T_(x)-MXene(MXene)loading on the Fe-Al LDH scaffold was developed,which showed excellent stability and robust resistance against harsh conditions.Significantly,the rate constant for tetra-cycline hydrochloride(TC)degradation in the MXene-LDH/PMS process was 0.421 min^(-1),which was ten times faster than the rate constant for pure Fe-Al LDH(0.042 min^(-1)).Specifically,more reactive Fe with the closer d-band center to the Fermi level results in higher electron transfer efficiency.The occupa-tions of Fe-3d orbitals in Mxene/Fe-Al LDH are pushed above the Fermi level to generate,which results in higher PMS adsorption and inhibition of the release of oxygen-containing active species intermedi-ates,leading to the enhanced^(1)O_(2) generation.Additionally,the built-in electric field in the heterojunc-tion was driven by the charge redistribution between MXene and Fe-Al LDH,resulting in a mediated-electron transfer mechanism,differentiating it from the Fe-Al LDH/PMS system.It was fascinating that MXene/Fe-Al LDH achieved satisfactory treatment efficiency in continuous column reactor and real landfill leachate.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.22106039,21976211,and 42007204)the Science Foundation of Henan Normal University (No.2021PL23)+1 种基金the Excellent Science and Technology Innovation Team of Henan Normal University (No.2021TD06)the Program for Innovative Research Team in Science and Technology in the University of Henan Province (No.20IRTSTHN011).
文摘In present work,blue carbon dots(b-CDs)were derived from ammonium citrate and guanidine hydrochloride,and red carbon dots(r-CDs)were stemmed from malonate,ethylenediamine and meso-tetra(4-carboxyphenyl)porphin based on facile hydrothermal method.Eco-friendly ratiometric fluorescence probe was innovatively constructed to effectively measure Hg2+utilizing b-CDs and r-CDs.The developed probe displayed two typical emission peaks at 450 nm from b-CDs and 650 nm from r-CDs under the excitation at 360 nm.Mercury ion has strong quenching effect on the fluorescence intensity at 450 nm due to the electron transfer process and the fluorescence change at 450 nm was used as the response signal,whereas the fluorescence intensity at 650 nm kept unchangeable which resulted from the chemical inertness between Hg^(2+)and r-CDs,serving as the reference signal in the sensing system.Under optimal circumstances,this probe exhibited an excellent linearity between the fluorescence response values of F450/F650 and Hg^(2+)concentrations over range of 0.01-10μmol/L,and the limit of detectionwas down to 5.3 nmol/L.Furthermore,this probe was successfully employed for sensing Hg^(2+)in practical environmental water samples with satisfied recoveries of 98.5%-105.0%.The constructed ratiometric fluorescent probe provided a rapid,environmental-friendly,reliable,and efficient platform for measuring trace Hg^(2+)in environmental field.
