Background:Cardiac implantable electronic devices(CIEDs)are essential for preventing sudden cardiac death in patients with cardiovascular diseases,but implantation procedures carry risks of complications such as infec...Background:Cardiac implantable electronic devices(CIEDs)are essential for preventing sudden cardiac death in patients with cardiovascular diseases,but implantation procedures carry risks of complications such as infection,hematoma,and bleeding,with incidence rates of 3–4%.Previous studies have examined individual risk factors separately,but integrated predictive models are lacking.We compared the predictive performance and interpretability of artificial neural network(ANN)and logistic regression models to evaluate their respective strengths in clinical risk assessment.Methods:This retrospective study analyzed data from 180 patients who underwent cardiac implantable electronic device(CIED)implantation in Taiwan between 2017 and 2018.To address class imbalance and enhance model training,the dataset was augmented to 540 records using the Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique(SMOTE).A total of 13 clinical risk factors were evaluated(e.g.,age,body mass index(BMI),platelet count,left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF),prothrombin time/international normalized ratio(PT/INR),hemoglobin(Hb),comorbidities,and antithrombotic use).Results:The most influential risk factors identified by the ANN model were platelet count,PT/INR,LVEF,Hb,and age.In the logistic regression analysis,reduced LVEF,lower hemoglobin levels,prolonged PT/INR,and lower BMI were significantly associated with an increased risk of complications.ANN model achieved a higher area under the curve(AUC=0.952)compared to the logistic regression model(AUC=0.802),indicating superior predictive performance.Additionally,the overall model quality was also higher for the ANN model(0.93)than for logistic regression(0.76).Conclusions:This study demonstrates that ANN models can effectively predict complications associated CIED procedures and identify critical preoperative risk factors.These findings support the use of ANN-based models for individualized risk stratification,enhancing procedural safety,improving patient outcomes,and potentially reducing healthcare costs associated with postoperative complications.展开更多
Recent progress of research for graphene applications in electronic and optoelectronic devices is reviewed, and recent developments in circuits based on graphene devices are summarized. The bandgap-mobility tradeoff i...Recent progress of research for graphene applications in electronic and optoelectronic devices is reviewed, and recent developments in circuits based on graphene devices are summarized. The bandgap-mobility tradeoff inevitably constrains the application of graphene for the conventional field-effect transistor （FET） devices in digital applications. However, this shortcoming has not dampened the enthusiasm of the research community toward graphene electronics. Aside from high mobility, graphene offers numerous other amazing electrical, optical, thermal, and mechanical properties that continually motivate innovations.展开更多
High-performance ion-conducting hydrogels(ICHs)are vital for developing flexible electronic devices.However,the robustness and ion-conducting behavior of ICHs deteriorate at extreme tempera-tures,hampering their use i...High-performance ion-conducting hydrogels(ICHs)are vital for developing flexible electronic devices.However,the robustness and ion-conducting behavior of ICHs deteriorate at extreme tempera-tures,hampering their use in soft electronics.To resolve these issues,a method involving freeze–thawing and ionizing radiation technology is reported herein for synthesizing a novel double-network(DN)ICH based on a poly(ionic liquid)/MXene/poly(vinyl alcohol)(PMP DN ICH)system.The well-designed ICH exhibits outstanding ionic conductivity(63.89 mS cm^(-1) at 25℃),excellent temperature resistance(-60–80℃),prolonged stability(30 d at ambient temperature),high oxidation resist-ance,remarkable antibacterial activity,decent mechanical performance,and adhesion.Additionally,the ICH performs effectively in a flexible wireless strain sensor,thermal sensor,all-solid-state supercapacitor,and single-electrode triboelectric nanogenerator,thereby highlighting its viability in constructing soft electronic devices.The highly integrated gel structure endows these flexible electronic devices with stable,reliable signal output performance.In particular,the all-solid-state supercapacitor containing the PMP DN ICH electrolyte exhibits a high areal specific capacitance of 253.38 mF cm^(-2)(current density,1 mA cm^(-2))and excellent environmental adaptability.This study paves the way for the design and fabrication of high-performance mul-tifunctional/flexible ICHs for wearable sensing,energy-storage,and energy-harvesting applications.展开更多
Background Cardiac implantable electronic devices （CIEDs） greatly improve survival and life quality of patients. However, there are gender differences regarding both the utilization and benefit of these devices. In ...Background Cardiac implantable electronic devices （CIEDs） greatly improve survival and life quality of patients. However, there are gender differences regarding both the utilization and benefit of these devices. In this prospective CIED registry, we aim to appraise the gender differences in CIED utilization in China. Methods Twenty centers from 14 provinces in China were included in our registry study. All patients who underwent a CIED implantation in these twenty centers between Jan 2015 and Dec 2016 were included. Results A total of 8570 patients were enrolled in the baseline cohort, including 7203 pacemaker, 664 implantable cardiac defibrillators （ICD） implants and 703 cardiac resynchronization therapy device （CRT/D）. Totally, 4117 （48.0%） CIED patients were female, and more than 59% pacemaker patients were female, but women account only one third of ICD or CRT/D implantation in this registry. There were significant differences between genders at pacemaker and ICD indications. Female was more likely received a pacemaker due to sick sinus syndrome （SSS） （63.9% vs. 51.0%, P 〈 0.001）. Female patients receiving an ICD were more likely due to cardiac ion channel disease （29.2% vs. 4.2%, P 〈 0.001）. The percentage of utilization of dual-chamber pacemaker in female patients was significantly higher than male （85.3% vs. 81.1%, P 〈 0.001）. But male patients were more likely received a cardiac resynchronization therapy devices with defibrillator than female （56.5% vs. 41.9%, P = 0.001）. In pacemaker patient, male was more likely to have structure heart disease （31.3% vs. 28.0%, P = 0.002）. In ICD patient, male patients were more likely to have ischemic heart disease （48.2% vs. 29.2%, P 〈 0.001）. The mean age of women at the time of CRT/D implantation was older than men （P = 0.014）. Nonischemic cardiomyopathy （70.9%） was the most common etiology in the patients who underwent the treat？ment of CRT/D, no matter male or female. Conclusions In real-world setting, female do have different epidemiology, pathophysiology and clinical presentation of many cardiac rhythm disorders when compared with male, and all these factors may affect the utilization of CIED implantation. But it also possibility that cultural and socioeconomic features may play a role in this apparent discrimination.展开更多
Conducting polymers have been studied extensively. An interesting property of the conducting polymer is that the conductivity of some polymers, such as polypyrrolc, polyaniline, poly(3-methylthiophene) etc. , is affec...Conducting polymers have been studied extensively. An interesting property of the conducting polymer is that the conductivity of some polymers, such as polypyrrolc, polyaniline, poly(3-methylthiophene) etc. , is affected by the voltage applied to them. For polypyrrole, the oxidized state is an electronic conductor and the reduced state is essentially insulating. Using this property, one can fabricate the polymer-based electronic devices. Experimental results of Pickun展开更多
With the continuous development of science and technology,electronic devices have begun to enter all aspects of human life,becoming increasingly closely related to human life.Users have higher quality requirements for...With the continuous development of science and technology,electronic devices have begun to enter all aspects of human life,becoming increasingly closely related to human life.Users have higher quality requirements for electronic devices.Electronic device testing has gradually become an irreplaceable engineering process in modern manufacturing enterprises to guarantee the quality of products while preventing inferior products from entering the market.Considering the large output of electronic devices,improving the testing efficiency while reducing the testing cost has become an urgent problem to be solved.This study investigates the electronic device testing machine allocation problem(EDTMAP),aiming to improve the production of electronic devices and reduce the scheduling distance among testing machines through reasonable machine allocation.First,a mathematical model was formulated for the EDTMAP to maximize both production and the scheduling distance among testing machines.Second,we developed a discrete multi-objective artificial bee colony(DMOABC)algorithm to solve EDTMAP.A crossover operator and local search operator were designed to improve the exploration and exploitation of the algorithm,respectively.Numerical experiments were conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithm.The experimental results demonstrate the superiority of the proposed algorithm compared with the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II(NSGA-II)and strength Pareto evolutionary algorithm 2(SPEA2).Finally,the mathematical model and DMOABC algorithm were applied to a real-world factory that tests radio-frequency modules.The results verify that our method can significantly improve production and reduce the scheduling distance among testing machines.展开更多
Background:Adolescence is a critical,multifactorial developmental phase.With the current pandemic of COVID-19,excessive using of electronic devices is a public health concern.The aim of this study is to investigate th...Background:Adolescence is a critical,multifactorial developmental phase.With the current pandemic of COVID-19,excessive using of electronic devices is a public health concern.The aim of this study is to investigate the relation-ship between depression and the use of electronic devices among secondary school children in Jazan,Saudi Arabia during the COVID-19 pandemic.Materials and Methods:The study is an observational,cross-sectional study.Data was collected using an anonymous online survey instrument.including the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale.Results:A total of 427 participants were included in the study.The prevalence of depression,anxiety,and stress in our study was 14.55%,12.01%,and 15.55%,respectively.For the hours spent on electronic devices,13.6%of participants spent 1–4 h,43.6%spent 5–9 h,and 42.9%spent 10 h or more.86.7%reported an increase in their use of electronic devices during COVID-19.The regression analysis revealed that the increase of Videogame Addiction Scale for Chil-dren is significantly associated with an increase in Depression,Anxiety,and Stress scores(p-value<0.05 for all).Conclusion:Electronic device use is a challenging issue among Saudi adolescents,and it has been associated with a negative impact on participants’mental well-being.The study found a positive correlation between electronic device use and increased prevalence of mental health issues.We also found significantly increased use of electronic device during the COVID-19 lockdown;hence,more mental issues were reported.It is obvious that electronic device use needs to be more controlled among adolescents.This can be achieved by involving those who are in this age group in other activities,like sports,which can reduce the time they spend on electronic device.展开更多
A Phase-change thermal control unit( PTCU) filled with metallic phase change material( PCM) Bismuth alloy for electric devices thermal protection was developed and investigated experimentally. The PTCU filled with PCM...A Phase-change thermal control unit( PTCU) filled with metallic phase change material( PCM) Bismuth alloy for electric devices thermal protection was developed and investigated experimentally. The PTCU filled with PCM was designed and manufactured. Resistance heating components( RCHs) produced 1 W,3 W, 5 W,7W,and 10 W for simulating heat generation of electronic devices. At various heating power levels,the performance of PTCU were tested during heating period and one duty cycle period. The experimental results show that the PTCU delays RCH reaching the maximum operating temperature. Also,a numerical model was developed to enable interpretation of experimental results and to perform parametric studies. The results confirmed that the PTCU is suitable for electric devices thermal control.展开更多
As cardiac implantable electronic devices(CIED)become more prevalent,it is important to acknowledge potential electromagnetic interference(EMI)from other sources,such as internal and external electronic devices and pr...As cardiac implantable electronic devices(CIED)become more prevalent,it is important to acknowledge potential electromagnetic interference(EMI)from other sources,such as internal and external electronic devices and procedures and its effect on these devices.EMI from other sources can potentially inhibit pacing and trigger shocks in permanent pacemakers(PPM)and implantable cardioverter defibrillators(ICD),respectively.This review analyzes potential EMI amongst CIED and left ventricular assist device,deep brain stimulators,spinal cord stimulators,transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulators,and throughout an array of procedures,such as endoscopy,bronchoscopy,and procedures involving electrocautery.Although there is evidence to support EMI from internal and external devices and during procedures,there is a lack of large multicenter studies,and,as a result,current management guidelines are based primarily on expert opinion and anecdotal experience.We aim to provide a general overview of PPM/ICD function,review documented EMI effect on these devices,and acknowledge current management of CIED interference.展开更多
This paper presents the study and application of the electronic device anti-interference techniques underhigh voltage and/or heavy current electro-magnetic circumstance in power system.[
Intelligent electronic devices(IEDs)are interconnected via communication networks and play pivotal roles in transmitting grid-related operational data and executing control instructions.In the context of the heightene...Intelligent electronic devices(IEDs)are interconnected via communication networks and play pivotal roles in transmitting grid-related operational data and executing control instructions.In the context of the heightened security challenges within smart grids,IEDs pose significant risks due to inherent hardware and software vulner-abilities,as well as the openness and vulnerability of communication protocols.Smart grid security,distinct from traditional internet security,mainly relies on monitoring network security events at the platform layer,lacking an effective assessment mechanism for IEDs.Hence,we incorporate considerations for both cyber-attacks and physical faults,presenting security assessment indicators and methods specifically tailored for IEDs.Initially,we outline the security monitoring technology for IEDs,considering the necessary data sources for their security assessment.Subsequently,we classify IEDs and establish a comprehensive security monitoring index system,incorporating factors such as running states,network traffic,and abnormal behaviors.This index system contains 18 indicators in 3 categories.Additionally,we elucidate quantitative methods for various indicators and propose a hybrid security assessment method known as GRCW-hybrid,combining grey relational analysis(GRA),analytic hierarchy process(AHP),and entropy weight method(EWM).According to the proposed assessment method,the security risk level of IEDs can be graded into 6 levels,namely 0,1,2,3,4,and 5.The higher the level,the greater the security risk.Finally,we assess and simulate 15 scenarios in 3 categories,which are based on monitoring indicators and real-world situations encountered by IEDs.The results show that calculated security risk level based on the proposed assessment method are consistent with actual simulation.Thus,the reasonableness and effectiveness of the proposed index system and assessment method are validated.展开更多
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular implantable electronic devices(CIEDs)are implanted in an increasing number of patients each year,which has led to an increase in the risk of CIED infection.Antibacterial CIED envelopes locall...BACKGROUND Cardiovascular implantable electronic devices(CIEDs)are implanted in an increasing number of patients each year,which has led to an increase in the risk of CIED infection.Antibacterial CIED envelopes locally deliver antibiotics to the implant site over a short-term period and have been shown to reduce the risk of implant site infection.These envelopes are derived from either biologic or nonbiologic materials.There is a paucity of data examining patient risk profiles and outcomes from using these envelope materials in the clinical setting and comparing these results to patients receiving no envelope with their CIED implantation.AIM To evaluate risk profiles and outcomes of patients who underwent CIED procedures with an antibacterial envelope or no envelope.METHODS After obtaining Internal Review Board approval,the records of consecutive patients who underwent a CIED implantation procedure by a single physician between March 2017 and December 2019 were retrospectively collected from our hospital.A total of 248 patients within this period were identified and reviewed through 12 mo of follow up.The CIED procedures used either no envelope(n=57),a biologic envelope(CanGaroo®,Aziyo Biologics)that was pre-hydrated by the physician with vancomycin and gentamicin(n=89),or a non-biologic envelope(Tyrx^(TM),Medtronic)that was coated with a resorbable polymer containing the drug substances rifampin and minocycline by the manufacturer(n=102).Patient selection for receiving either no envelope or an envelope(and which envelope to use)was determined by the treating physician.Statistical analyses were performed between the 3 groups(CanGaroo,Tyrx,and no envelope),and also between the No Envelope and Any Envelope groups by an independent,experienced biostatistician.RESULTS On average,patients who received any envelope(biologic or non-biologic)were younger(70.7±14.0 vs 74.9±10.6,P=0.017),had a greater number of infection risk factors(81.2%vs 49.1%,P<0.001),received more high-powered devices(37.2%vs 5.8%,P=0.004),and were undergoing more reoperative procedures(47.1%vs 0.0%,P<0.001)than patients who received no envelope.Between the two envelopes,biologic envelopes tended to be used more often in higher risk patients(84.3%vs 78.4%)and reoperative procedures(62.9%vs 33.3%)than non-biologic envelopes.The rate of CIED implant site pocket infection was low(any envelope 0.5%vs no envelope 0.0%)and was statistically equivalent between the two envelope groups.Other reported adverse events(lead dislodgement,lead or pocket revision,device migration or erosion,twiddler’s syndrome,and erythema/fever)were low and statistically equivalent between groups(biologic 2.2%,non-biologic 3.9%,no envelope 1.8%).CONCLUSION CIED infection rates for biologic and non-biologic antibacterial envelopes are similar.Antibacterial envelopes may benefit patients who are higher risk for infection,however additional studies are warranted to confirm this.展开更多
Power-electronic devices are widely used in various applications, such as voltage and frequency control for transmitting and converting electric power. As these devices are becoming increasingly important, there is a ...Power-electronic devices are widely used in various applications, such as voltage and frequency control for transmitting and converting electric power. As these devices are becoming increasingly important, there is a need to reduce their losses and improve their performance to reduce electric power consumption. Current power semiconductor devices, such as inverters, are made of silicon (Si), but the performance of these Si power devices is reaching its limit due to physical properties and energy bandgap. To address this issue, recent developments in wide bandgap (WBG) semiconductor materials, such as silicon carbide (SiC) and gallium nitride (GaN), offer the potential for a new generation of power semiconductor devices that can perform significantly better than silicon-based devices. In this research, a green synthesized copper-zinc-tin-sulfide (CZTS) nanoparticle is proposed as a new WBG semiconductor material that could be used for optical and electronic devices. Its synthesis, consisting of the production methods and materials used, is discussed. The characterization is also discussed, and further research is recommended in the later sections to enable the continual advancement of this technology.展开更多
As electronic devices become increasingly complex, traditional fault diagnosis methods face significant challenges. Machine learning technologies offer new opportunities and solutions for electronic device fault diagn...As electronic devices become increasingly complex, traditional fault diagnosis methods face significant challenges. Machine learning technologies offer new opportunities and solutions for electronic device fault diagnosis. This paper explores the application of machine learning in electronic device fault diagnosis, focusing on common machine learning algorithms, data preprocessing techniques, and diagnostic model construction methods. Case study analysis elucidates the advantages of machine learning in improving diagnostic accuracy, reducing diagnosis time, and implementing predictive maintenance. Research indicates that machine learning techniques can effectively enhance the efficiency and precision of electronic device fault diagnosis, providing robust support for device reliability and maintenance strategy optimization. In the future, as artificial intelligence technology further develops, machine learning will play an increasingly important role in the field of electronic device fault diagnosis.展开更多
Due to the shortcomings of the diagnosis systems for complex electronic devices such as failure models hard to build and low fault isolation resolution,a new hierarchical modeling and diagnosis method is proposed base...Due to the shortcomings of the diagnosis systems for complex electronic devices such as failure models hard to build and low fault isolation resolution,a new hierarchical modeling and diagnosis method is proposed based on multisignal model and support vector machine(SVM).Multisignal model is used to describe the failure propagation relationship in electronic device system,and the most probable failure printed circuit boards(PCBs)can be found by Bayes inference.The exact failure modes in the PCBs can be identified by SVM.The results show the proposed modeling and diagnosis method is effective and suitable for diagnosis for complex electronic devices.展开更多
The principal factor to determine the economical value of the products manufactured in the electronics industry is due to the productive yielding. This is important for the cost of the articles fabricated in this type...The principal factor to determine the economical value of the products manufactured in the electronics industry is due to the productive yielding. This is important for the cost of the articles fabricated in this type of industrial plants installed in Mexicali city, where around 80% of companies are, and which fabricate electronic devices and systems, or have industrial electronic systems and machines to their manufacturing process. Mexicalicity is located in theBaja CaliforniaStateof the northwest ofMexico, which is a border city with Calexico in theCaliforniaStateof the United States of America (USA). The region located in Mexicali, is a desert area. Geothermal plant is located in this area, which is an important industry and supplies electricity to this city and its valleys and some cities on southwest of United States for daily activities. This company emits hydrogen sulfide (H2S) as a main air pollutant that reacts with oxygen in the atmosphere, generating sulfur oxides (SOX). This chemical is dispersed to the city of Mexicali in which industrial plants are located with electronic control systems, and penetrates to indoor rooms. Those cause the corrosion process. The presence of corrosion leads to the deterioration of electrical connectors, the connections of electronic systems and the decreasing of the lifetime of these control systems. Other air pollutants that are considered as chemical agents which cause damage to materials used in the electronics industry, are the sulfurs and nitrogen oxides (NOX), emitted from the traffic vehicle and some industries. This causes the low productive yielding of electrical and electronic devices and systems used in the companies of this city, and is a major concern to specialized people, managers and owners. To analyze the productive yielding of electronic devices and systems installed in indoor of the electronics industry. For this reason, to know the principal causes of it, a study in three industrial plants, to determine the grade level of deterioration of the electronic control systems (ECS) used in the electronics industry of this city was made. The results showed that at major air pollution concentration detected by specialized methods, the lifetime of the ECS was decreased by the generation of corrosion in their electrical connectors and connections. This was caused for the levels of air pollutants mentioned above, than exceed the air quality standards in some periods of the year, added with the levels upper of relative humidity levels (RH) and temperatures of 85% and 25°C in winter and 80% 35°C in summer, being a main factor of this electrochemical phenomenon.展开更多
With the continuous development of enterprises, more and more enterprises pay attention to the training of staff's practical ability. In the maintenance of electronic devices, enterprises lack the training of staf...With the continuous development of enterprises, more and more enterprises pay attention to the training of staff's practical ability. In the maintenance of electronic devices, enterprises lack the training of staff's practical ability. In the maintenance of electronic devices of railway vehicles, due to the lack of a sound management system, maintenance personnel for the maintenance of electronic devices is not standard, resulting in cumbersome work. In the face of this, enterprises need to actively explore the innovation of maintenance technology, manage the maintenance process, improve the overall maintenance efficiency and promote the technical progress of maintenance personnel. This paper analyzes the status quo of electronic device maintenance technical training and discusses how to improve the quality of electronic device maintenance technical training.展开更多
Fiber-based electronic devices(FEDs)exhibit high flexibility,low weight,and excellent integrability into wearable,implantable,and robotic systems.Recent advances have enabled applications in sensing,energy harvesting,...Fiber-based electronic devices(FEDs)exhibit high flexibility,low weight,and excellent integrability into wearable,implantable,and robotic systems.Recent advances have enabled applications in sensing,energy harvesting,and storage,and active functions.Despite this progress,challenges such as mechanical fatigue,interfacial delamination,and signal instability remain.This review offers key challenges and perspectives on the future of FEDs as interactive,autonomous platforms for nextgeneration electronics in healthcare,robotics,and beyond.展开更多
This paper provides a comprehensive review of the research progress in paper-based flexible electronic devices,focusing on key aspects such as the physical and chemical properties of paper substrates,device structures...This paper provides a comprehensive review of the research progress in paper-based flexible electronic devices,focusing on key aspects such as the physical and chemical properties of paper substrates,device structures,fabrication methods for electrodes and active layers,and their diverse applications.The paper also identifies current challenges facing paper-based electronic devices,such as issues related to long-term stability and the optimization of large-scale production processes.展开更多
Mechanical reliability plays a critical role in determining the durability of flexible electronic devices because of the significant mechanical stresses they experience during manufacturing and operation.Many such dev...Mechanical reliability plays a critical role in determining the durability of flexible electronic devices because of the significant mechanical stresses they experience during manufacturing and operation.Many such devices are built on sheets comprising stiff transparent-conducting oxide(TCO)electrode films on compliant polymer substrates,and it is generally assumed that the high-toughness polymer substrates do not crack.Contrary to this assumption,here we show extensive cracking in the polymer substrates during bending of a variety of TCO/polymer sheets,and a device example—flexible perovskite solar cells.Such substrate cracking,which compromises the overall mechanical integrity of the entire device,is driven by the amplified stress-intensity factor caused by the elastic mismatch at the film/substrate interface.To mitigate this substrate cracking,an interlayer-engineering approach is designed and experimentally demonstrated.This approach is potentially applicable to myriad flexible electronic devices,with stiff films on compliant substrates,for improving their durability and reliability.展开更多
文摘Background:Cardiac implantable electronic devices(CIEDs)are essential for preventing sudden cardiac death in patients with cardiovascular diseases,but implantation procedures carry risks of complications such as infection,hematoma,and bleeding,with incidence rates of 3–4%.Previous studies have examined individual risk factors separately,but integrated predictive models are lacking.We compared the predictive performance and interpretability of artificial neural network(ANN)and logistic regression models to evaluate their respective strengths in clinical risk assessment.Methods:This retrospective study analyzed data from 180 patients who underwent cardiac implantable electronic device(CIED)implantation in Taiwan between 2017 and 2018.To address class imbalance and enhance model training,the dataset was augmented to 540 records using the Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique(SMOTE).A total of 13 clinical risk factors were evaluated(e.g.,age,body mass index(BMI),platelet count,left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF),prothrombin time/international normalized ratio(PT/INR),hemoglobin(Hb),comorbidities,and antithrombotic use).Results:The most influential risk factors identified by the ANN model were platelet count,PT/INR,LVEF,Hb,and age.In the logistic regression analysis,reduced LVEF,lower hemoglobin levels,prolonged PT/INR,and lower BMI were significantly associated with an increased risk of complications.ANN model achieved a higher area under the curve(AUC=0.952)compared to the logistic regression model(AUC=0.802),indicating superior predictive performance.Additionally,the overall model quality was also higher for the ANN model(0.93)than for logistic regression(0.76).Conclusions:This study demonstrates that ANN models can effectively predict complications associated CIED procedures and identify critical preoperative risk factors.These findings support the use of ANN-based models for individualized risk stratification,enhancing procedural safety,improving patient outcomes,and potentially reducing healthcare costs associated with postoperative complications.
文摘Recent progress of research for graphene applications in electronic and optoelectronic devices is reviewed, and recent developments in circuits based on graphene devices are summarized. The bandgap-mobility tradeoff inevitably constrains the application of graphene for the conventional field-effect transistor （FET） devices in digital applications. However, this shortcoming has not dampened the enthusiasm of the research community toward graphene electronics. Aside from high mobility, graphene offers numerous other amazing electrical, optical, thermal, and mechanical properties that continually motivate innovations.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(11875138,52077095).
文摘High-performance ion-conducting hydrogels(ICHs)are vital for developing flexible electronic devices.However,the robustness and ion-conducting behavior of ICHs deteriorate at extreme tempera-tures,hampering their use in soft electronics.To resolve these issues,a method involving freeze–thawing and ionizing radiation technology is reported herein for synthesizing a novel double-network(DN)ICH based on a poly(ionic liquid)/MXene/poly(vinyl alcohol)(PMP DN ICH)system.The well-designed ICH exhibits outstanding ionic conductivity(63.89 mS cm^(-1) at 25℃),excellent temperature resistance(-60–80℃),prolonged stability(30 d at ambient temperature),high oxidation resist-ance,remarkable antibacterial activity,decent mechanical performance,and adhesion.Additionally,the ICH performs effectively in a flexible wireless strain sensor,thermal sensor,all-solid-state supercapacitor,and single-electrode triboelectric nanogenerator,thereby highlighting its viability in constructing soft electronic devices.The highly integrated gel structure endows these flexible electronic devices with stable,reliable signal output performance.In particular,the all-solid-state supercapacitor containing the PMP DN ICH electrolyte exhibits a high areal specific capacitance of 253.38 mF cm^(-2)(current density,1 mA cm^(-2))and excellent environmental adaptability.This study paves the way for the design and fabrication of high-performance mul-tifunctional/flexible ICHs for wearable sensing,energy-storage,and energy-harvesting applications.
文摘Background Cardiac implantable electronic devices （CIEDs） greatly improve survival and life quality of patients. However, there are gender differences regarding both the utilization and benefit of these devices. In this prospective CIED registry, we aim to appraise the gender differences in CIED utilization in China. Methods Twenty centers from 14 provinces in China were included in our registry study. All patients who underwent a CIED implantation in these twenty centers between Jan 2015 and Dec 2016 were included. Results A total of 8570 patients were enrolled in the baseline cohort, including 7203 pacemaker, 664 implantable cardiac defibrillators （ICD） implants and 703 cardiac resynchronization therapy device （CRT/D）. Totally, 4117 （48.0%） CIED patients were female, and more than 59% pacemaker patients were female, but women account only one third of ICD or CRT/D implantation in this registry. There were significant differences between genders at pacemaker and ICD indications. Female was more likely received a pacemaker due to sick sinus syndrome （SSS） （63.9% vs. 51.0%, P 〈 0.001）. Female patients receiving an ICD were more likely due to cardiac ion channel disease （29.2% vs. 4.2%, P 〈 0.001）. The percentage of utilization of dual-chamber pacemaker in female patients was significantly higher than male （85.3% vs. 81.1%, P 〈 0.001）. But male patients were more likely received a cardiac resynchronization therapy devices with defibrillator than female （56.5% vs. 41.9%, P = 0.001）. In pacemaker patient, male was more likely to have structure heart disease （31.3% vs. 28.0%, P = 0.002）. In ICD patient, male patients were more likely to have ischemic heart disease （48.2% vs. 29.2%, P 〈 0.001）. The mean age of women at the time of CRT/D implantation was older than men （P = 0.014）. Nonischemic cardiomyopathy （70.9%） was the most common etiology in the patients who underwent the treat？ment of CRT/D, no matter male or female. Conclusions In real-world setting, female do have different epidemiology, pathophysiology and clinical presentation of many cardiac rhythm disorders when compared with male, and all these factors may affect the utilization of CIED implantation. But it also possibility that cultural and socioeconomic features may play a role in this apparent discrimination.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘Conducting polymers have been studied extensively. An interesting property of the conducting polymer is that the conductivity of some polymers, such as polypyrrolc, polyaniline, poly(3-methylthiophene) etc. , is affected by the voltage applied to them. For polypyrrole, the oxidized state is an electronic conductor and the reduced state is essentially insulating. Using this property, one can fabricate the polymer-based electronic devices. Experimental results of Pickun
基金National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2019YFB1704600)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51825502,51775216)Program for HUST Academic Frontier Youth Team of China(Grant No.2017QYTD04).
文摘With the continuous development of science and technology,electronic devices have begun to enter all aspects of human life,becoming increasingly closely related to human life.Users have higher quality requirements for electronic devices.Electronic device testing has gradually become an irreplaceable engineering process in modern manufacturing enterprises to guarantee the quality of products while preventing inferior products from entering the market.Considering the large output of electronic devices,improving the testing efficiency while reducing the testing cost has become an urgent problem to be solved.This study investigates the electronic device testing machine allocation problem(EDTMAP),aiming to improve the production of electronic devices and reduce the scheduling distance among testing machines through reasonable machine allocation.First,a mathematical model was formulated for the EDTMAP to maximize both production and the scheduling distance among testing machines.Second,we developed a discrete multi-objective artificial bee colony(DMOABC)algorithm to solve EDTMAP.A crossover operator and local search operator were designed to improve the exploration and exploitation of the algorithm,respectively.Numerical experiments were conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithm.The experimental results demonstrate the superiority of the proposed algorithm compared with the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II(NSGA-II)and strength Pareto evolutionary algorithm 2(SPEA2).Finally,the mathematical model and DMOABC algorithm were applied to a real-world factory that tests radio-frequency modules.The results verify that our method can significantly improve production and reduce the scheduling distance among testing machines.
文摘Background:Adolescence is a critical,multifactorial developmental phase.With the current pandemic of COVID-19,excessive using of electronic devices is a public health concern.The aim of this study is to investigate the relation-ship between depression and the use of electronic devices among secondary school children in Jazan,Saudi Arabia during the COVID-19 pandemic.Materials and Methods:The study is an observational,cross-sectional study.Data was collected using an anonymous online survey instrument.including the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale.Results:A total of 427 participants were included in the study.The prevalence of depression,anxiety,and stress in our study was 14.55%,12.01%,and 15.55%,respectively.For the hours spent on electronic devices,13.6%of participants spent 1–4 h,43.6%spent 5–9 h,and 42.9%spent 10 h or more.86.7%reported an increase in their use of electronic devices during COVID-19.The regression analysis revealed that the increase of Videogame Addiction Scale for Chil-dren is significantly associated with an increase in Depression,Anxiety,and Stress scores(p-value<0.05 for all).Conclusion:Electronic device use is a challenging issue among Saudi adolescents,and it has been associated with a negative impact on participants’mental well-being.The study found a positive correlation between electronic device use and increased prevalence of mental health issues.We also found significantly increased use of electronic device during the COVID-19 lockdown;hence,more mental issues were reported.It is obvious that electronic device use needs to be more controlled among adolescents.This can be achieved by involving those who are in this age group in other activities,like sports,which can reduce the time they spend on electronic device.
文摘A Phase-change thermal control unit( PTCU) filled with metallic phase change material( PCM) Bismuth alloy for electric devices thermal protection was developed and investigated experimentally. The PTCU filled with PCM was designed and manufactured. Resistance heating components( RCHs) produced 1 W,3 W, 5 W,7W,and 10 W for simulating heat generation of electronic devices. At various heating power levels,the performance of PTCU were tested during heating period and one duty cycle period. The experimental results show that the PTCU delays RCH reaching the maximum operating temperature. Also,a numerical model was developed to enable interpretation of experimental results and to perform parametric studies. The results confirmed that the PTCU is suitable for electric devices thermal control.
文摘As cardiac implantable electronic devices(CIED)become more prevalent,it is important to acknowledge potential electromagnetic interference(EMI)from other sources,such as internal and external electronic devices and procedures and its effect on these devices.EMI from other sources can potentially inhibit pacing and trigger shocks in permanent pacemakers(PPM)and implantable cardioverter defibrillators(ICD),respectively.This review analyzes potential EMI amongst CIED and left ventricular assist device,deep brain stimulators,spinal cord stimulators,transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulators,and throughout an array of procedures,such as endoscopy,bronchoscopy,and procedures involving electrocautery.Although there is evidence to support EMI from internal and external devices and during procedures,there is a lack of large multicenter studies,and,as a result,current management guidelines are based primarily on expert opinion and anecdotal experience.We aim to provide a general overview of PPM/ICD function,review documented EMI effect on these devices,and acknowledge current management of CIED interference.
文摘This paper presents the study and application of the electronic device anti-interference techniques underhigh voltage and/or heavy current electro-magnetic circumstance in power system.[
基金The financial support from the Program for Science and Technology of Henan Province of China(Grant No.242102210148)Henan Center for Outstanding Overseas Scientists(Grant No.GZS2022011)Songshan Laboratory Pre-Research Project(Grant No.YYJC032022022).
文摘Intelligent electronic devices(IEDs)are interconnected via communication networks and play pivotal roles in transmitting grid-related operational data and executing control instructions.In the context of the heightened security challenges within smart grids,IEDs pose significant risks due to inherent hardware and software vulner-abilities,as well as the openness and vulnerability of communication protocols.Smart grid security,distinct from traditional internet security,mainly relies on monitoring network security events at the platform layer,lacking an effective assessment mechanism for IEDs.Hence,we incorporate considerations for both cyber-attacks and physical faults,presenting security assessment indicators and methods specifically tailored for IEDs.Initially,we outline the security monitoring technology for IEDs,considering the necessary data sources for their security assessment.Subsequently,we classify IEDs and establish a comprehensive security monitoring index system,incorporating factors such as running states,network traffic,and abnormal behaviors.This index system contains 18 indicators in 3 categories.Additionally,we elucidate quantitative methods for various indicators and propose a hybrid security assessment method known as GRCW-hybrid,combining grey relational analysis(GRA),analytic hierarchy process(AHP),and entropy weight method(EWM).According to the proposed assessment method,the security risk level of IEDs can be graded into 6 levels,namely 0,1,2,3,4,and 5.The higher the level,the greater the security risk.Finally,we assess and simulate 15 scenarios in 3 categories,which are based on monitoring indicators and real-world situations encountered by IEDs.The results show that calculated security risk level based on the proposed assessment method are consistent with actual simulation.Thus,the reasonableness and effectiveness of the proposed index system and assessment method are validated.
文摘BACKGROUND Cardiovascular implantable electronic devices(CIEDs)are implanted in an increasing number of patients each year,which has led to an increase in the risk of CIED infection.Antibacterial CIED envelopes locally deliver antibiotics to the implant site over a short-term period and have been shown to reduce the risk of implant site infection.These envelopes are derived from either biologic or nonbiologic materials.There is a paucity of data examining patient risk profiles and outcomes from using these envelope materials in the clinical setting and comparing these results to patients receiving no envelope with their CIED implantation.AIM To evaluate risk profiles and outcomes of patients who underwent CIED procedures with an antibacterial envelope or no envelope.METHODS After obtaining Internal Review Board approval,the records of consecutive patients who underwent a CIED implantation procedure by a single physician between March 2017 and December 2019 were retrospectively collected from our hospital.A total of 248 patients within this period were identified and reviewed through 12 mo of follow up.The CIED procedures used either no envelope(n=57),a biologic envelope(CanGaroo®,Aziyo Biologics)that was pre-hydrated by the physician with vancomycin and gentamicin(n=89),or a non-biologic envelope(Tyrx^(TM),Medtronic)that was coated with a resorbable polymer containing the drug substances rifampin and minocycline by the manufacturer(n=102).Patient selection for receiving either no envelope or an envelope(and which envelope to use)was determined by the treating physician.Statistical analyses were performed between the 3 groups(CanGaroo,Tyrx,and no envelope),and also between the No Envelope and Any Envelope groups by an independent,experienced biostatistician.RESULTS On average,patients who received any envelope(biologic or non-biologic)were younger(70.7±14.0 vs 74.9±10.6,P=0.017),had a greater number of infection risk factors(81.2%vs 49.1%,P<0.001),received more high-powered devices(37.2%vs 5.8%,P=0.004),and were undergoing more reoperative procedures(47.1%vs 0.0%,P<0.001)than patients who received no envelope.Between the two envelopes,biologic envelopes tended to be used more often in higher risk patients(84.3%vs 78.4%)and reoperative procedures(62.9%vs 33.3%)than non-biologic envelopes.The rate of CIED implant site pocket infection was low(any envelope 0.5%vs no envelope 0.0%)and was statistically equivalent between the two envelope groups.Other reported adverse events(lead dislodgement,lead or pocket revision,device migration or erosion,twiddler’s syndrome,and erythema/fever)were low and statistically equivalent between groups(biologic 2.2%,non-biologic 3.9%,no envelope 1.8%).CONCLUSION CIED infection rates for biologic and non-biologic antibacterial envelopes are similar.Antibacterial envelopes may benefit patients who are higher risk for infection,however additional studies are warranted to confirm this.
文摘Power-electronic devices are widely used in various applications, such as voltage and frequency control for transmitting and converting electric power. As these devices are becoming increasingly important, there is a need to reduce their losses and improve their performance to reduce electric power consumption. Current power semiconductor devices, such as inverters, are made of silicon (Si), but the performance of these Si power devices is reaching its limit due to physical properties and energy bandgap. To address this issue, recent developments in wide bandgap (WBG) semiconductor materials, such as silicon carbide (SiC) and gallium nitride (GaN), offer the potential for a new generation of power semiconductor devices that can perform significantly better than silicon-based devices. In this research, a green synthesized copper-zinc-tin-sulfide (CZTS) nanoparticle is proposed as a new WBG semiconductor material that could be used for optical and electronic devices. Its synthesis, consisting of the production methods and materials used, is discussed. The characterization is also discussed, and further research is recommended in the later sections to enable the continual advancement of this technology.
文摘As electronic devices become increasingly complex, traditional fault diagnosis methods face significant challenges. Machine learning technologies offer new opportunities and solutions for electronic device fault diagnosis. This paper explores the application of machine learning in electronic device fault diagnosis, focusing on common machine learning algorithms, data preprocessing techniques, and diagnostic model construction methods. Case study analysis elucidates the advantages of machine learning in improving diagnostic accuracy, reducing diagnosis time, and implementing predictive maintenance. Research indicates that machine learning techniques can effectively enhance the efficiency and precision of electronic device fault diagnosis, providing robust support for device reliability and maintenance strategy optimization. In the future, as artificial intelligence technology further develops, machine learning will play an increasingly important role in the field of electronic device fault diagnosis.
基金supported by the Defense Foundation Scientific Research Fund under Grant No.9140A17030308DZ02,9140A16060409DZ02the National Natural Science Fundation of Chinaunder Grant No.60934002Dr.Lianke for the extensive discussions on the subject and UESTC for its support under Grant No.JX0756,Y02018023601059
文摘Due to the shortcomings of the diagnosis systems for complex electronic devices such as failure models hard to build and low fault isolation resolution,a new hierarchical modeling and diagnosis method is proposed based on multisignal model and support vector machine(SVM).Multisignal model is used to describe the failure propagation relationship in electronic device system,and the most probable failure printed circuit boards(PCBs)can be found by Bayes inference.The exact failure modes in the PCBs can be identified by SVM.The results show the proposed modeling and diagnosis method is effective and suitable for diagnosis for complex electronic devices.
文摘The principal factor to determine the economical value of the products manufactured in the electronics industry is due to the productive yielding. This is important for the cost of the articles fabricated in this type of industrial plants installed in Mexicali city, where around 80% of companies are, and which fabricate electronic devices and systems, or have industrial electronic systems and machines to their manufacturing process. Mexicalicity is located in theBaja CaliforniaStateof the northwest ofMexico, which is a border city with Calexico in theCaliforniaStateof the United States of America (USA). The region located in Mexicali, is a desert area. Geothermal plant is located in this area, which is an important industry and supplies electricity to this city and its valleys and some cities on southwest of United States for daily activities. This company emits hydrogen sulfide (H2S) as a main air pollutant that reacts with oxygen in the atmosphere, generating sulfur oxides (SOX). This chemical is dispersed to the city of Mexicali in which industrial plants are located with electronic control systems, and penetrates to indoor rooms. Those cause the corrosion process. The presence of corrosion leads to the deterioration of electrical connectors, the connections of electronic systems and the decreasing of the lifetime of these control systems. Other air pollutants that are considered as chemical agents which cause damage to materials used in the electronics industry, are the sulfurs and nitrogen oxides (NOX), emitted from the traffic vehicle and some industries. This causes the low productive yielding of electrical and electronic devices and systems used in the companies of this city, and is a major concern to specialized people, managers and owners. To analyze the productive yielding of electronic devices and systems installed in indoor of the electronics industry. For this reason, to know the principal causes of it, a study in three industrial plants, to determine the grade level of deterioration of the electronic control systems (ECS) used in the electronics industry of this city was made. The results showed that at major air pollution concentration detected by specialized methods, the lifetime of the ECS was decreased by the generation of corrosion in their electrical connectors and connections. This was caused for the levels of air pollutants mentioned above, than exceed the air quality standards in some periods of the year, added with the levels upper of relative humidity levels (RH) and temperatures of 85% and 25°C in winter and 80% 35°C in summer, being a main factor of this electrochemical phenomenon.
文摘With the continuous development of enterprises, more and more enterprises pay attention to the training of staff's practical ability. In the maintenance of electronic devices, enterprises lack the training of staff's practical ability. In the maintenance of electronic devices of railway vehicles, due to the lack of a sound management system, maintenance personnel for the maintenance of electronic devices is not standard, resulting in cumbersome work. In the face of this, enterprises need to actively explore the innovation of maintenance technology, manage the maintenance process, improve the overall maintenance efficiency and promote the technical progress of maintenance personnel. This paper analyzes the status quo of electronic device maintenance technical training and discusses how to improve the quality of electronic device maintenance technical training.
基金supported by the DGIST R&D Program of the Ministry of Science and ICT(2025010373,25-IRJoint-06)supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)grant funded by the Korea government(MSIT)(No.NRF-2021R1C1C1009271)+1 种基金by the Korea Medical Device Development Fund grant funded by the Korea government(the Ministry of Science and ICT,the Ministry of Trade,Industry and Energy,the Ministry of Health&Welfare,the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety)(Project Number:2710002210,RS-2023-00243310)supported by the Industrial Fundamental Technology Development Program(20018274,Development of gripper system for various production processes and multi-modal flexible tactile sensor system)funded by the Ministry of Trade,Industry&Energy(MOTIE)of Korea.
文摘Fiber-based electronic devices(FEDs)exhibit high flexibility,low weight,and excellent integrability into wearable,implantable,and robotic systems.Recent advances have enabled applications in sensing,energy harvesting,and storage,and active functions.Despite this progress,challenges such as mechanical fatigue,interfacial delamination,and signal instability remain.This review offers key challenges and perspectives on the future of FEDs as interactive,autonomous platforms for nextgeneration electronics in healthcare,robotics,and beyond.
基金the Natural Science Foundation of China(61935017,6213000348)for financial support of this work.
文摘This paper provides a comprehensive review of the research progress in paper-based flexible electronic devices,focusing on key aspects such as the physical and chemical properties of paper substrates,device structures,fabrication methods for electrodes and active layers,and their diverse applications.The paper also identifies current challenges facing paper-based electronic devices,such as issues related to long-term stability and the optimization of large-scale production processes.
基金supported by the U.S.Department of Energy(DOE)Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy(EERE)under the Solar Energy Technology Office(SETO)(Award No.DE-EE0009511)DOE Basic Energy Sciences(BES)(Award No.DE-SC0025180)+8 种基金the U.S.National Science Foundation(NSF)(Award No.DMR-2102210)the article do not necessarily represent the views of the DOE or the U.S.Governmentsupport of the U.S.Office of Naval Research(ONR)(Award Nos.N00014-21-1-2851,N00014-24-1-2200,and N00014-21-1-2054)support from ONR(Award Nos.N00014-21-1-2815 and N00014-23-1-2688)is gratefully acknowledgedsupport she received through the James R.Rice Graduate Fellowship in Solid Mechanics and the Miss Abbott’s School Alumnae Fellowship.S.S.acknowledges the support from Brown University as part of his Professor-at-Large appointmentsupported by NSF(Award No.CBET-2315077)and NSF-GRFP(Award No.DGE-2139841)supported by the JUMP INTO SPACE project,funded from the European Innovation Council(EIC)under grant agreement No 101162377the author’s views and the European Union is not liable for any use that may be made of the information contained therein.E.Msupport of MASE(Ministero dell’Ambiente e della Sicurezza Energetica)in the framework of the Operating Agreement with ENEA for Research on the Electric System(RdS)2025-2027.
文摘Mechanical reliability plays a critical role in determining the durability of flexible electronic devices because of the significant mechanical stresses they experience during manufacturing and operation.Many such devices are built on sheets comprising stiff transparent-conducting oxide(TCO)electrode films on compliant polymer substrates,and it is generally assumed that the high-toughness polymer substrates do not crack.Contrary to this assumption,here we show extensive cracking in the polymer substrates during bending of a variety of TCO/polymer sheets,and a device example—flexible perovskite solar cells.Such substrate cracking,which compromises the overall mechanical integrity of the entire device,is driven by the amplified stress-intensity factor caused by the elastic mismatch at the film/substrate interface.To mitigate this substrate cracking,an interlayer-engineering approach is designed and experimentally demonstrated.This approach is potentially applicable to myriad flexible electronic devices,with stiff films on compliant substrates,for improving their durability and reliability.
