With the continuous advancement of technology,online transactions have gradually become the predominant mode of commerce in society.Currently,a new type of transaction facilitator has emerged in online transactions,kn...With the continuous advancement of technology,online transactions have gradually become the predominant mode of commerce in society.Currently,a new type of transaction facilitator has emerged in online transactions,known as electronic agents.This specialized concept and its legal definition originated in Western countries,and China has also adopted this concept.Electronic agents cannot be construed as natural persons,nor can they be fashioned as legal entities.They are merely tools capable of executing the will of individuals,albeit with some distinctions from conventional transaction tools.Establishing the legal status of electronic agents can reduce conflicts and contradictions related to online transactions in our current lives,facilitate the development of automated electronic transactions,and promote the rapid progress of our society.Currently,legislation in China in this regard remains uncharted territory,yet our lives are already enveloped by these online transactions.This has resulted in the inability to reach a unanimous resolution for many disputes involving electronic agents in our daily lives,leaving judges to resolve issues based on fundamental legislative principles or relevant legal provisions.The party employing the machine is often an organization with superior cognitive abilities compared to individuals.Therefore,we should consider electronic agents as their employees,and the actions they take should be the responsibility of legal or non-legal entities.It is essential to prioritize the protection of the weaker party as much as possible.展开更多
Lithium-ion batteries with enhanced rate performance are of crucial importance for practical applications. Extensive studies on the structural design and surface modification of electrode materials with the aim of imp...Lithium-ion batteries with enhanced rate performance are of crucial importance for practical applications. Extensive studies on the structural design and surface modification of electrode materials with the aim of improving the rate performance have been reported. Here we describe a new concept to enhance the rate capability by incorporating a tiny amount of metal species into the electron conductive agent. We show that the Si/C composite anode exhibits increased capabilities at high current densities when oxidized Ketjen black (KJB) with incorporated cobalt (Co-ox-KJB) is used as the electron conductive agent. Compared with the pristine KJB,the reversible capacities of the Si/C electrode with the Co-ox-KJB are increased by 180% on average at 1.50 A g^(-1) (279 mA h g^(-1) vs. 73 mA h g^(-1),respectively). A synergistic contribution from enhanced electron conductivity by Co incorporation,improved affinity towards the electrolyte and an enhanced desolvation process by surface functional groups is responsible for the improved electrochemical performance. This approach is applicable for super P-based electron conductive agents as well.展开更多
文摘With the continuous advancement of technology,online transactions have gradually become the predominant mode of commerce in society.Currently,a new type of transaction facilitator has emerged in online transactions,known as electronic agents.This specialized concept and its legal definition originated in Western countries,and China has also adopted this concept.Electronic agents cannot be construed as natural persons,nor can they be fashioned as legal entities.They are merely tools capable of executing the will of individuals,albeit with some distinctions from conventional transaction tools.Establishing the legal status of electronic agents can reduce conflicts and contradictions related to online transactions in our current lives,facilitate the development of automated electronic transactions,and promote the rapid progress of our society.Currently,legislation in China in this regard remains uncharted territory,yet our lives are already enveloped by these online transactions.This has resulted in the inability to reach a unanimous resolution for many disputes involving electronic agents in our daily lives,leaving judges to resolve issues based on fundamental legislative principles or relevant legal provisions.The party employing the machine is often an organization with superior cognitive abilities compared to individuals.Therefore,we should consider electronic agents as their employees,and the actions they take should be the responsibility of legal or non-legal entities.It is essential to prioritize the protection of the weaker party as much as possible.
基金supported by the EPFL,the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52061135110,21773279,22075305)the Key Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(ZDRW_CN_2020-1)+1 种基金the Ningbo Science&Technology Innovation 2025 Major Project(2019B10050,2019B10113,2020Z101)the Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Polymeric Materials of Zhejiang Province.
文摘Lithium-ion batteries with enhanced rate performance are of crucial importance for practical applications. Extensive studies on the structural design and surface modification of electrode materials with the aim of improving the rate performance have been reported. Here we describe a new concept to enhance the rate capability by incorporating a tiny amount of metal species into the electron conductive agent. We show that the Si/C composite anode exhibits increased capabilities at high current densities when oxidized Ketjen black (KJB) with incorporated cobalt (Co-ox-KJB) is used as the electron conductive agent. Compared with the pristine KJB,the reversible capacities of the Si/C electrode with the Co-ox-KJB are increased by 180% on average at 1.50 A g^(-1) (279 mA h g^(-1) vs. 73 mA h g^(-1),respectively). A synergistic contribution from enhanced electron conductivity by Co incorporation,improved affinity towards the electrolyte and an enhanced desolvation process by surface functional groups is responsible for the improved electrochemical performance. This approach is applicable for super P-based electron conductive agents as well.
