Glucosinolates are important phytochemicals in Brassicaceae.We investigated the effect of CaCl_(2)-HCl electrolyzed water(CHEW)on glucosinolates biosynthesis in broccoli sprouts.The results showed that CHEW treatment ...Glucosinolates are important phytochemicals in Brassicaceae.We investigated the effect of CaCl_(2)-HCl electrolyzed water(CHEW)on glucosinolates biosynthesis in broccoli sprouts.The results showed that CHEW treatment significantly decreased reactive oxygen species(ROS)and malondialdeh yde(MDA)contents in broccoli sprouts.On the the 8^(th)day,compared to tap water treatment,the the total glucosinolate content of broccoli sprouts with CHEW treatment increased by 10.6%and calcium content was dramatically enhanced from 14.4 mg/g DW to 22.7 mg/g DW.Comparative transcriptome and metabolome analyses revealed that CHEW treatment activated ROS and calcium signaling transduction pathways in broccoli sprouts and they interacted through MAPK cascades.Besides,CHEW treatment not only promoted the biosynthesis of amino acids,but also enhanced the expression of structural genes in glucosinolate synthesis through transcription factors(MYBs,bHLHs,WRKYs,etc.).The results of this study provided new insights into the regulatory network of glucosinolates biosynthesis in broccoli sprouts under CHEW treatment.展开更多
The strength and durability of concrete will be significantly reduced at high volume of mineral admixture,and the poor early strength of concrete also still needs to be solved.In this investigation,a highly active alk...The strength and durability of concrete will be significantly reduced at high volume of mineral admixture,and the poor early strength of concrete also still needs to be solved.In this investigation,a highly active alkaline electrolyzed waters was used as mixing water to improve the early strength and enhance the durability of green concrete with high volume mineral admixture,the influences of alkaline electrolyzed water(AEW)on hydration activity of mineral admixture and durability of concrete were determined.The results showed that compared with natural tap water,AEW can accelerate early hydration process of cement in concrete and produce comparatively more hydrated products,leading to a 13.6%higher compressive strength than that of ordinary concrete at early age,but the improvement effect of AEW concrete was relatively reduced at long-term age.Meanwhile,the activity of mineral admixtures could be stimulated by AEW to some extent,the strength and durability performance of AEW concrete after double doping 25%slag and 25%fly ash can still reach the level of ordinary cement concrete without mineral admixtures.The SEM micromorphology of 7 d hydrated natural tap water cement paste was observed to be flaky and tabular,but the AEW cement pastes present obvious cluster and granulation phenomenon.The SEM microstructure of AEW concrete with mineral admixtures is more developed and denser than ordinary tap water concrete with mineral admixtures.Therefore,the AEW probably could realize the effective utilization of about 50%mineral admixture amount of concrete without strength loss,the cement production cost and associated CO_(2) emission reduced,which has a good economic and environmental benefit.展开更多
Electrolyzed Oxidized Water (EOW) is produced by passing a diluted salt solution through an electrolytic cell, having anode and cathode electrodes. The anode and cathode are separated by a bipolar membrane. Negatively...Electrolyzed Oxidized Water (EOW) is produced by passing a diluted salt solution through an electrolytic cell, having anode and cathode electrodes. The anode and cathode are separated by a bipolar membrane. Negatively charged ions—chloride and hydroxide in the diluted salt solution move to anode to give up electrons and become gas (O2, Cl2) and hypochlorous acid and having redox potential of +700 to +800 mV with pH 4.0. It has a strong oxidation potential and a shortage of electrons giving it the ability to oxidize and sterilize. In microbial inactivation process, oxidized water damage cell membranes, create disruption in cell metabolic processes and essentially kill the cell. EOW, also a strong acid, is different to hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid in that it is not corrosive to skin, mucous membrane, or organic material. It is easy to handle and suitable for the sanitation of the plant and decontamination of foods. Electrolyzed water has been tested and used as a disinfectant in the food industry and other applications.展开更多
A new electrolyzed water-CaCl_(2)-HCl electrolyzed water(CHEW)was obtained by combining slightly acidic electrolyzed water and calcium.the objective of this study was to explore the effect of preharvest CHEW treatment...A new electrolyzed water-CaCl_(2)-HCl electrolyzed water(CHEW)was obtained by combining slightly acidic electrolyzed water and calcium.the objective of this study was to explore the effect of preharvest CHEW treatment on the quality during storage of broccoli sprouts.Preharvest CHEW treatment not only reduced the electrolyte leakage,reactive oxygen species,weight loss and the number of microorganisms during storage of broccoli sprouts,but also slowed down the breakdown of cell structure and maintained color and textural properties of broccoli sprouts.besides,preharvest CHEW treatment reduced the degradation of active substances in broccoli sprouts during storage.the contents of important bioactive compounds in broccoli sprouts-glucoraphanin and sulforaphane,along with the enzymatic activity and genes involved in glucosinolates metabolism have also been further investigated.on day 12 of storage,compared to preharvest tap water treatment,the contents of glucoraphanin and sulforaphane in broccoli sprouts with preharvest CHEW treatment increased by 63%and 128%,respectively.Meanwhile,the generation of offensive odors in broccoli sprouts during storage was also inhibited under preharvest CHEW treatment.in general,preharvest CHEW treatment maintained the good quality during storage and prolong the shelf life of broccoli sprouts.展开更多
Postharvest Chinese olives are prone to quality deterioration,spoilage,and decay,which lead to postharvest loss and shorten the shelf life of fresh Chinese olives.Slightly acidic electrolyzed water(SAEW)is an economic...Postharvest Chinese olives are prone to quality deterioration,spoilage,and decay,which lead to postharvest loss and shorten the shelf life of fresh Chinese olives.Slightly acidic electrolyzed water(SAEW)is an economical,safe,and environmentally friendly postharvest technology for fresh produce.The effects of SAEW at 40 mg/L available chlorine concentration(ACC)on the storage behaviour and quality performance of Chinese olives were explored.In contrast with the control sample,SAEW-treated Chinese olives presented a lower pericarp greenness(-)-redness(+)(a^(*))value,a lower percentage of fruit weight loss,a lower fruit respiration rate,a higher percentage of healthy fruit,and higher values of pericarp lightness(L^(*)),blueness(-)-yellowness(+)(b^(*)),chroma(C),and hue angle(h°).Additionally,SAEW treatment helped delay the declines in the levels of pericarp chlorophyll,pulp sucrose,total soluble solids,titratable acid,vitamin C,and total soluble sugars,as well as reduce the increases in pericarp carotenoid and pulp-reducing sugar.These data suggest that SAEW treatment could efficaciously elevate the storage performance and quality maintenance of postharvest Chinese olives,thereby lengthening the storage life of fresh Chinese olives.展开更多
The establishment of biosafety system is of enormous importance to the livestock and poultry production in terms of mitigating the transmission of diseases and implementing regional prevention and control measures.How...The establishment of biosafety system is of enormous importance to the livestock and poultry production in terms of mitigating the transmission of diseases and implementing regional prevention and control measures.However,the current sterilization technology presents several drawbacks,including time-consuming procedures,chemical residues,and challenges in treating the sewage after rinsing.In this study,a novel cleaning and sterilization method that combines slightly acidic electrolyzed water and high pressure water-jet was developed.An orthogonal test was conducted to examine the correlation between high-pressure conditions and the various non-structural parameters on the efficacy of sterilization rate.In a field test,the effectiveness of the technology in cleaning pig transfer vehicles was evaluated by the total plate count and variations of community composition.The findings revealed that the combination of process parameters,including an available chlorine concentration of 200 mg/L,rinsing pressure of 170 bar,rinsing duration of 10 s,and residence time of 15 min,resulted in a removal rate of colony concentration on the surface of pig transfer vehicles of(96.50±0.91)%.Moreover,it was demonstrated to effectively inhibit a variety of pathogenic bacteria.The innovative cleaning system has the potential to replace traditional methods and reduces pollution while saving time and labor.It introduces a novel approach for sterilization of transportation in livestock and poultry farms as well as the biosafety construction of the animal husbandry.展开更多
Objectives:This study investigated the effects of processing parameters,specifically the flow rate and the combination of diluted HCI and salt(NaCl)at different concentrations,on the properties of slightly acidic elec...Objectives:This study investigated the effects of processing parameters,specifically the flow rate and the combination of diluted HCI and salt(NaCl)at different concentrations,on the properties of slightly acidic electrolyzed water(SAEW)that was produced.Materials and Methods:The properties of the SAEW that were analyzed included pH,oxidation-reduction potential(ORP),available chlorine concentration(ACC),and generated hypochlorous acid(HCIO)concentration.Meanwhile,the total aerobic bacteria and total phenolic content retention were determined.Results:NaCl alone resulted in the lowest pH(<4)and the highest ORP values(>1000 mV).Increasing the HCI concentration significantly raised the pH to greater than 5 and lowered the ORP values of SAEW,with the highest pH(5.7)observed with 1.5%HCI and 5%NaCl.The highest HCIO concentration of 19.65±1.03 mg/L was obtained with 1.5%HCI:5%NaCl.Interestingly,the concentration of NaCl had no significant effect on the production of HCIO.Furthermore,different concentrations of combined NaCl and HCI significantly influenced the inactivation efficiency on total aerobic bacteria count and changes in phenolic compound content.Increasing HCI concentrations from 0.5% to 2.0%led toan increase in the reduction of aerobic bacteria counts from 2.51 to 4.22 log colony-forming units(CFU)/g with 5%NaCl and from 2.49 to 3.52 log CFU/g with 10%NaCl.Flow rates significantly contributed to the change in HCIO formation and altered the properties of the produced SAEW.The results indicated that SAEW treatment significantly reduced total aerobic bacteria counts.A lower flow rate(O.3 L/min)produced the highest log reduction.Additionally,SAEW treatment led to a reduction in phenolic content,even though a considerable amount was retained at lower HCIO concentrations.Conclusions:These findings offer valuable information on optimizing SAEW treatment protocols for enhancing microbial safety and extending the shelf life of fresh produce,while considering the impact on the content of phenolic compounds.展开更多
Electrolyzed water(EW) can be produced by electrolysis of a dilute salt solution. Slightly acidic electrolyzed water(SAEW, p H 5.0–6.5) and neutral electrolyzed water(NEW, p H 6.5–8.5) are considered healthy and env...Electrolyzed water(EW) can be produced by electrolysis of a dilute salt solution. Slightly acidic electrolyzed water(SAEW, p H 5.0–6.5) and neutral electrolyzed water(NEW, p H 6.5–8.5) are considered healthy and environmentally friendly because no hazardous chemicals are added in its production, there is reduced corrosion of surfaces and it minimizes the potential for damage to animal and human health. Over the last decade, EW has become increasingly popular as an alternative disinfectant for decontamination in animal houses. However, there have been some issues related to EW that are not well known, including different mechanisms for generation of SAEW and NEW, and the antimicrobial mechanism of EW. This review covers the definitions of SAEW and NEW, different generation systems for SAEW and NEW, the antimicrobial mechanism of EW, and recent developments related to the application of SAEW and NEW in animal houses.展开更多
This study assessed the combined effect of slightly acidic electrolyzed water(SAEW)and slightly acidic electrolyzed water ice(SAEW-ice)on the quality of pomfrets over a period of 18 d of cold storage at 4°C.A pre...This study assessed the combined effect of slightly acidic electrolyzed water(SAEW)and slightly acidic electrolyzed water ice(SAEW-ice)on the quality of pomfrets over a period of 18 d of cold storage at 4°C.A presoak for 5 min in SAEW solution(22 mg/L)was used before the pomfrets were placed on SAEW-ice(pH:6.45;ORP:803 mV;ACC:18 mg/L);The changes in physicochemical properties(i.e.,pH,thiobarbituric acid,total volatile basic nitrogen and texture profile),microbial loads and sensory characteristics were all analyzed.Compared with the tap water(TW)group,the total bacterial counts of the SAEW group significantly decreased by 1.27 log10 CFU/g after immersion(p<0.05).The shelf life of the pomfrets was prolonged by 9 d by the combined treatment of SAEW and SAEW-ice during storage at 4℃.On the 18th day,the gumminess and chewiness values of the pomfrets in the SAEW+SAEW-ice group were 195 g and 3.97 mJ,respectively,which were significantly higher than those of the other groups(p<0.05).The results suggested that SAEW+SAEW-ice treatments have great potential as a novel method to maintain the quality and extend the shelf life of pomfrets during refrigerated storage.展开更多
The incorporation of SAEW and SI can effectively maintain the characteristics of texture in marine fish.This study aimed to investigate the relevance of cathepsin activity for texture and the establishment of a shelf-...The incorporation of SAEW and SI can effectively maintain the characteristics of texture in marine fish.This study aimed to investigate the relevance of cathepsin activity for texture and the establishment of a shelf-life model of mackerel(Pneumatophorus japonicus)stored at 4◦C.Before the cold storage,mackerel samples were exposed to flake ice(Control),slurry ice(SI),and slightly acidic electrolyzed water-slurry ice(SAEW-SI),respectively.Then the TVC,K-value,cathepsin activity,texture,and sensory attributes were investigated.The results showed that the TVC and K-value of samples in SAEW-SI group was significantly lower by approximately 1 log CFU/g and 17%than those in Control group(P<0.05).Meanwhile,there was a tendency to first increase and then decrease on the activities of cathepsin B,D and L.Results of texture profile analysis(TPA)clarified that SAEW-SI can markedly suppress the decrease of hardness,springiness and chewiness(P<0.05).During the experimental period,the highest sensory scores were obtained in SAEW-SI group.In addition,the heat map of correlation analysis suggested that texture attributes(hardness)were negatively correlated with cathepsin B(r=-0.66),cathepsin D(r=-0.49),and cathepsin L(r=-0.69),respectively.According to the principal component analysis(PCA)and analysis of linear regression,SAEW-SI treatment could effectively maintain mackerel quality and extend the estimated shelf-life of mackerel by at least 5 days compared to Control group.Therefore,SAEW-SI could be suggested as a novel strategy for cold-chain transportation in seafood industry.展开更多
Slightly acidic electrolyzed water(SAEW,pH 6.0-6.5)is an ideal and environmentally-friendly disinfectant,which was used to prevent and control bacterial infections on farms.This work aims to investigate the inactivati...Slightly acidic electrolyzed water(SAEW,pH 6.0-6.5)is an ideal and environmentally-friendly disinfectant,which was used to prevent and control bacterial infections on farms.This work aims to investigate the inactivation effectiveness of SAEW in inactivating microbes in a disinfection channel.The bactericidal efficiency of SAEW on equipment surfaces was compared to two commercial disinfectants,Kuei A bromide solution(KAS,5:1000 v/v)and Glutaraldehyde solution(GS,5:1000 v/v).The disinfection effectiveness of SAEW in inactivating Salmonella enteritidis(S.enteritidis)on equipment surfaces in the disinfection channel was evaluated,and a model was developed using multiple linear regression analysis.Results indicated that SAEW was significantly(p<0.05)more efficient than KAS and GS on kits and clothing in the disinfection channel at 1 min.The SAEW did not contribute as aggressively to respiratory difficulty as KAS and GS.Maximum reductions of 2.362 log10 CFU/cm^(2),2.613 log10 CFU/cm^(2) and 2.359 log10 CFU/cm^(2) for Salmonella enteritidis were obtained from clothing surfaces,iron materials,and kits treated with SAEW for 2.5 min at a chlorine concentration of 220 mg/L.Moreover,the established model had a good fit-quantified by the determination coefficient R^(2)(0.939)and a lack of fit test(p>0.05).In addition,available chlorine concentration(ACC)was an important factor than other factors,and the inactivation efficiency of Salmonella enteritidis sprayed by SAEW treatment was different between iron materials,kits and clothing surfaces(iron>kit>clothing).展开更多
Objective: To study the efficacy of electrolyzed oxidizing water ( EOW ) and hydrocolloid occlusive dressings in the acceleration of epithelialization in excised burn-wounds in rats.Methods: Each of the anesthetized S...Objective: To study the efficacy of electrolyzed oxidizing water ( EOW ) and hydrocolloid occlusive dressings in the acceleration of epithelialization in excised burn-wounds in rats.Methods: Each of the anesthetized Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 28) was subjected to a third-degree burn that covered approximately 10% of the total body surface area. Rats were assigned into four groups: Group Ⅰ ( no irrigation), Group Ⅱ (irrigation with physiologic saline), Group Ⅲ ( irrigation with EOW ) and Group Ⅳ ( hydrocolloid occlusive dressing after EOW irrigation). Wounds were observed macroscopically until complete epithelialization was present, then the epithelialized wounds were examined microscopically. Results: Healing of the burn wounds was the fastest in Group Ⅳ treated with hydrocolloid occlusive dressing together with EOW. Although extensive regenerative epidermis was seen in each Group, the proliferations of lymphocytes and macrophages associated with dense collagen deposition were more extensive in Group Ⅱ, Ⅲ and IV than in Group Ⅰ. These findings were particularly evident in Group Ⅲ and Ⅳ.Conclusions: Wound Healing may be accelerated by applying a hydrocolloid occlusive dressing on burn surfaces after they are cleaned with EOW.展开更多
Ready-to-eat jellyfish production is restricted by the high aluminum residue and unable use of thermal sterilization.In this study,the combined dealumination and sterilization by slightly acidic electrolyzed water(SAE...Ready-to-eat jellyfish production is restricted by the high aluminum residue and unable use of thermal sterilization.In this study,the combined dealumination and sterilization by slightly acidic electrolyzed water(SAEW)were used to produce ready-to-eat jellyfish.The optimal aluminum removal amount reaching 120.17 mg/kg was obtained after response surface analysis.Structure observation through optical microscope after Masson staining and scanning electron microscope showed that the microstructure of jellyfish was not destroyed after SAEW treatment.The increase of total plate count(TPC)and pH value during storage was significantly inhibited by SAEW,while the other properties did not changed significantly.Staphylococcus,especially Staphylococcus epidermidis was dominant in the ready-to-eat jellyfish and many spoilage bacteria were inhibited by SAEW.The correlation network maps showed that Pseudomonas and Shewanella contributed most to the increase of TPC and pH value in the control group,while the correlated microbial genera mainly changed to Acinetobacter,Cutibacterium,and Pseudomonas after SAEW treatment,resulting in the decrease of hardness and chewiness of ready-to-eat jellyfish during storage.The inhibited Pseudomonas contributed most to the decrease of TPC and pH value after SAEW treatment.This study provides a novel technology of dealumination and sterilization for ready-to-eat jellyfish.展开更多
The growing recognition of a healthy lifestyle framework has promoted the development of novel functional foods or superfoods with abundant nutrients and health-promoting properties.Therefore,the influence of slightly...The growing recognition of a healthy lifestyle framework has promoted the development of novel functional foods or superfoods with abundant nutrients and health-promoting properties.Therefore,the influence of slightly acidic electrolyzed water(SAEW)as an elicitor on broccoli sprouts was investigated.The increase of electrolyte leakage percentage,thiobarbituric acid reactive substances levels and proline concentration indicated that the defense system of broccoli sprouts had responded to stress caused by SAEW.Furthermore,the antioxidant enzymes and secondary metabolites,phenolic compounds,were evaluated and revealed the enhancement of antioxidant enzymes(superoxide dismutase,peroxidases,catalase,and ascorbate peroxidase)activities and phenolic compounds content in broccoli sprouts with SAEW treatment.The major groups of phenolic composition in broccoli sprouts were phenolic acids and flavonoids.The Folin-Ciocalteu index and antioxidant activity assay also proved the enhancement of antioxidant capacity of broccoli sprouts with SAEW treatment.Results from this study indicated that SAEW treatment could increase the antioxidant ability of broccoli sprouts.展开更多
Anion-exchange membrane water electrolyzers(AEMWEs)for green hydrogen production have received intensive attention due to their feasibility of using earth-abundant NiFe-based catalysts.By introducing a third metal int...Anion-exchange membrane water electrolyzers(AEMWEs)for green hydrogen production have received intensive attention due to their feasibility of using earth-abundant NiFe-based catalysts.By introducing a third metal into NiFe-based catalysts to construct asymmetrical M-NiFe units,the d-orbital and electronic structures can be adjusted,which is an important strategy to achieve sufficient oxygen evolution reaction(OER)performance in AEMWEs.Herein,the ternary NiFeM(M:La,Mo)catalysts featured with distinct M-NiFe units and varying d-orbitals are reported in this work.Experimental and theoretical calculation results reveal that the doping of La leads to optimized hybridization between d orbital in NiFeM and 2p in oxygen,resulting in enhanced adsorption strength of oxygen intermediates,and reduced rate-determining step energy barrier,which is responsible for the enhanced OER performance.More critically,the obtained NiFeLa catalyst only requires 1.58 V to reach 1 A cm^(−2) in an anion exchange membrane electrolyzer and demonstrates excellent long-term stability of up to 600 h.展开更多
Mixed solution of slightly acidic electrolyzed water(SAEW)and artificial seawater was used to investigate the disinfection potential of SAEW in artificial seawater.Inoculated Vibrio parahaemolyticus(suspended in 3%sod...Mixed solution of slightly acidic electrolyzed water(SAEW)and artificial seawater was used to investigate the disinfection potential of SAEW in artificial seawater.Inoculated Vibrio parahaemolyticus(suspended in 3%sodium chloride alkaline peptone water and 0.85%sodium chloride water,respectively)was subjected to different mixed-SAEW and SAEW immersion treatments(5-20 mg/L available chlorine concentration(ACC)).In the presence of organic matter,4.07 logCFU/mL significant reduction(p<0.05)was achieved after treating with 20 mg/L mixed-SAEW for 15 min.There was 5.13 logCFU/mL reduction after treating with 15 mg/L SAEW for 15 min.For V.parahaemolyticus suspended in 0.85%sodium chloride solution,it was undetected after 30 s SAEW treatment(5 mg/L ACC)or 120 s mixed-SAEW treatment(10 mg/L ACC).At a ratio of SAEW and artificial seawater at 1:15(V/V),SAEW could inactivate V.parahaemolyticus to undetectable level in artificial seawater in one minute,which was comparable with UV treatment of 10 W.The results indicated high sanitization potential of SAEW against V.parahaemolyticus in aquaculture seawater.展开更多
Water electrolyzers play a crucial role in green hydrogen production.However,their efficiency and scalability are often compromised by bubble dynamics across various scales,from nanoscale to macroscale components.This...Water electrolyzers play a crucial role in green hydrogen production.However,their efficiency and scalability are often compromised by bubble dynamics across various scales,from nanoscale to macroscale components.This review explores multi-scale modeling as a tool to visualize multi-phase flow and improve mass transport in water electrolyzers.At the nanoscale,molecular dynamics(MD)simulations reveal how electrode surface features and wettability influence nanobubble nucleation and stability.Moving to the mesoscale,models such as volume of fluid(VOF)and lattice Boltzmann method(LBM)shed light on bubble transport in porous transport layers(PTLs).These insights inform innovative designs,including gradient porosity and hydrophilic-hydrophobic patterning,aimed at minimizing gas saturation.At the macroscale,VOF simulations elucidate two-phase flow regimes within channels,showing how flow field geometry and wettability affect bubble discharging.Moreover,artificial intelligence(AI)-driven surrogate models expedite the optimization process,allowing for rapid exploration of structural parameters in channel-rib flow fields and porous flow field designs.By integrating these approaches,we can bridge theoretical insights with experimental validation,ultimately enhancing water electrolyzer performance,reducing costs,and advancing affordable,high-efficiency hydrogen production.展开更多
In the present study,the bactericidal efficacy of slightly acidic electrolyzed water(SAEW)against Listeria monocytogenes(L.monocytogenes)planktonic cells and biofilm on food-contact surfaces including stainless steel ...In the present study,the bactericidal efficacy of slightly acidic electrolyzed water(SAEW)against Listeria monocytogenes(L.monocytogenes)planktonic cells and biofilm on food-contact surfaces including stainless steel and glass was systematically evaluated.The results showed that SAEW(pH 5.09 and available chlorine concentration(ACC)of 60.33 mg/L)could kill L.monocytogenes on food-contact surfaces completely in 30 s,a disinfection efficacy equal to that of NaCIO solutions(pH 9.23 and ACC of 253.53 mg/L).The results showed that long exposure time and high ACC contributed to the enhancement of the disinfection efficacy of SAEW on L.monocytogenes on food-contact surfaces.Moreover,the log reduction of SAEW treatment presented an increasing tendency within the prolonging of treatment time when SAEW was used to remove the L.monocytogenes bioflm formed on stainless steel and glass surfaces,which suggested that SAEW could remove L.monocytogenes bio-film effectively and its disinfection efficacy is equal to(in the case of stainless steel)or higher than(in the case of glass)that of high-ACC NaCIO solutions.In addition,the results of the crystal violet staining and scanning electron microscopy also demonstrated that SAEW treatment could remove the L.monocytogenes biofilm on food-contact surfaces.展开更多
The pursuit of sustainable hydrogen production has positioned water electrolysis as a cornerstone technology for global carbon neutrality.However,sluggish kinetics,catalyst scarcity,and system integration challenges h...The pursuit of sustainable hydrogen production has positioned water electrolysis as a cornerstone technology for global carbon neutrality.However,sluggish kinetics,catalyst scarcity,and system integration challenges hinder its widespread deployment.Ultrathin two-dimensional(2D)materials,with their atomically exposed surfaces,tunable electronic structures,and defect-engineering capabilities,present unique opportunities for next-generation electrocatalysts.This review provides an integrated overview of ultrathin 2D electrocatalysts,discussing their structural diversity,synthetic routes,structure-activity relationships,and mechanistic understanding in water electrolysis processes.Special focus is placed on the translation of 2D materials from laboratory research to practical device implementation,emphasizing challenges such as scalable fabrication,interfacial engineering,and operational durability in realistic electrolyzer environments.The role of advanced characterization techniques in capturing dynamic structural changes and active site evolution is discussed.Finally,we outline future research directions,emphasizing the synergy of machine learning-driven materials discovery,advanced operando characterization,and scalable system integration to accelerate the industrial translation of 2D electrocatalysts for green hydrogen production.展开更多
Renewable energy-driven bicarbonate conversion to valuable chemicals presents an attractive strategy for mitigating CO_(2)emissions,as bicarbonate can be efficiently generated from the capture of atmospheric CO_(2)usi...Renewable energy-driven bicarbonate conversion to valuable chemicals presents an attractive strategy for mitigating CO_(2)emissions,as bicarbonate can be efficiently generated from the capture of atmospheric CO_(2)using alkaline solutions with reactive absorption.In this work,we present a CO_(2)-mediated bicarbonate conversion to pure formate using a cation exchange membrane-based electrolyzer with a 25 cm^(2)electrode area.Our electrolysis achieved selectivities exceeding 75%for formate at a total current of 2.5 A,achieving formate concentrations up to 1.2 M and yields as high as 95%over extended periods.The techno-economic assessment confirmed the economic viability of the process,highlighting the potential for bicarbonate electrolysis as a sustainable method for producing valuable chemicals.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31972091)。
文摘Glucosinolates are important phytochemicals in Brassicaceae.We investigated the effect of CaCl_(2)-HCl electrolyzed water(CHEW)on glucosinolates biosynthesis in broccoli sprouts.The results showed that CHEW treatment significantly decreased reactive oxygen species(ROS)and malondialdeh yde(MDA)contents in broccoli sprouts.On the the 8^(th)day,compared to tap water treatment,the the total glucosinolate content of broccoli sprouts with CHEW treatment increased by 10.6%and calcium content was dramatically enhanced from 14.4 mg/g DW to 22.7 mg/g DW.Comparative transcriptome and metabolome analyses revealed that CHEW treatment activated ROS and calcium signaling transduction pathways in broccoli sprouts and they interacted through MAPK cascades.Besides,CHEW treatment not only promoted the biosynthesis of amino acids,but also enhanced the expression of structural genes in glucosinolate synthesis through transcription factors(MYBs,bHLHs,WRKYs,etc.).The results of this study provided new insights into the regulatory network of glucosinolates biosynthesis in broccoli sprouts under CHEW treatment.
基金funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51808310,51878366)Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(Grant Nos.ZR2019PEE007,ZR2020ME036)High-level Scientific Research Foundation for the introduction of talent of Qingdao Agricultural University(Grant No.1118034).
文摘The strength and durability of concrete will be significantly reduced at high volume of mineral admixture,and the poor early strength of concrete also still needs to be solved.In this investigation,a highly active alkaline electrolyzed waters was used as mixing water to improve the early strength and enhance the durability of green concrete with high volume mineral admixture,the influences of alkaline electrolyzed water(AEW)on hydration activity of mineral admixture and durability of concrete were determined.The results showed that compared with natural tap water,AEW can accelerate early hydration process of cement in concrete and produce comparatively more hydrated products,leading to a 13.6%higher compressive strength than that of ordinary concrete at early age,but the improvement effect of AEW concrete was relatively reduced at long-term age.Meanwhile,the activity of mineral admixtures could be stimulated by AEW to some extent,the strength and durability performance of AEW concrete after double doping 25%slag and 25%fly ash can still reach the level of ordinary cement concrete without mineral admixtures.The SEM micromorphology of 7 d hydrated natural tap water cement paste was observed to be flaky and tabular,but the AEW cement pastes present obvious cluster and granulation phenomenon.The SEM microstructure of AEW concrete with mineral admixtures is more developed and denser than ordinary tap water concrete with mineral admixtures.Therefore,the AEW probably could realize the effective utilization of about 50%mineral admixture amount of concrete without strength loss,the cement production cost and associated CO_(2) emission reduced,which has a good economic and environmental benefit.
文摘Electrolyzed Oxidized Water (EOW) is produced by passing a diluted salt solution through an electrolytic cell, having anode and cathode electrodes. The anode and cathode are separated by a bipolar membrane. Negatively charged ions—chloride and hydroxide in the diluted salt solution move to anode to give up electrons and become gas (O2, Cl2) and hypochlorous acid and having redox potential of +700 to +800 mV with pH 4.0. It has a strong oxidation potential and a shortage of electrons giving it the ability to oxidize and sterilize. In microbial inactivation process, oxidized water damage cell membranes, create disruption in cell metabolic processes and essentially kill the cell. EOW, also a strong acid, is different to hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid in that it is not corrosive to skin, mucous membrane, or organic material. It is easy to handle and suitable for the sanitation of the plant and decontamination of foods. Electrolyzed water has been tested and used as a disinfectant in the food industry and other applications.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31972091)Hebei Province Science and technology Support Program(226Z7102G).
文摘A new electrolyzed water-CaCl_(2)-HCl electrolyzed water(CHEW)was obtained by combining slightly acidic electrolyzed water and calcium.the objective of this study was to explore the effect of preharvest CHEW treatment on the quality during storage of broccoli sprouts.Preharvest CHEW treatment not only reduced the electrolyte leakage,reactive oxygen species,weight loss and the number of microorganisms during storage of broccoli sprouts,but also slowed down the breakdown of cell structure and maintained color and textural properties of broccoli sprouts.besides,preharvest CHEW treatment reduced the degradation of active substances in broccoli sprouts during storage.the contents of important bioactive compounds in broccoli sprouts-glucoraphanin and sulforaphane,along with the enzymatic activity and genes involved in glucosinolates metabolism have also been further investigated.on day 12 of storage,compared to preharvest tap water treatment,the contents of glucoraphanin and sulforaphane in broccoli sprouts with preharvest CHEW treatment increased by 63%and 128%,respectively.Meanwhile,the generation of offensive odors in broccoli sprouts during storage was also inhibited under preharvest CHEW treatment.in general,preharvest CHEW treatment maintained the good quality during storage and prolong the shelf life of broccoli sprouts.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31871860)the Science and Technology Innovation Foundation at Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University of China(No.KFb22079XA).
文摘Postharvest Chinese olives are prone to quality deterioration,spoilage,and decay,which lead to postharvest loss and shorten the shelf life of fresh Chinese olives.Slightly acidic electrolyzed water(SAEW)is an economical,safe,and environmentally friendly postharvest technology for fresh produce.The effects of SAEW at 40 mg/L available chlorine concentration(ACC)on the storage behaviour and quality performance of Chinese olives were explored.In contrast with the control sample,SAEW-treated Chinese olives presented a lower pericarp greenness(-)-redness(+)(a^(*))value,a lower percentage of fruit weight loss,a lower fruit respiration rate,a higher percentage of healthy fruit,and higher values of pericarp lightness(L^(*)),blueness(-)-yellowness(+)(b^(*)),chroma(C),and hue angle(h°).Additionally,SAEW treatment helped delay the declines in the levels of pericarp chlorophyll,pulp sucrose,total soluble solids,titratable acid,vitamin C,and total soluble sugars,as well as reduce the increases in pericarp carotenoid and pulp-reducing sugar.These data suggest that SAEW treatment could efficaciously elevate the storage performance and quality maintenance of postharvest Chinese olives,thereby lengthening the storage life of fresh Chinese olives.
基金support of this project by the Strategic Priority Research Program of the National Center of Technology Innovation for Pigs(Grant No.NCTIP-XD/B07).
文摘The establishment of biosafety system is of enormous importance to the livestock and poultry production in terms of mitigating the transmission of diseases and implementing regional prevention and control measures.However,the current sterilization technology presents several drawbacks,including time-consuming procedures,chemical residues,and challenges in treating the sewage after rinsing.In this study,a novel cleaning and sterilization method that combines slightly acidic electrolyzed water and high pressure water-jet was developed.An orthogonal test was conducted to examine the correlation between high-pressure conditions and the various non-structural parameters on the efficacy of sterilization rate.In a field test,the effectiveness of the technology in cleaning pig transfer vehicles was evaluated by the total plate count and variations of community composition.The findings revealed that the combination of process parameters,including an available chlorine concentration of 200 mg/L,rinsing pressure of 170 bar,rinsing duration of 10 s,and residence time of 15 min,resulted in a removal rate of colony concentration on the surface of pig transfer vehicles of(96.50±0.91)%.Moreover,it was demonstrated to effectively inhibit a variety of pathogenic bacteria.The innovative cleaning system has the potential to replace traditional methods and reduces pollution while saving time and labor.It introduces a novel approach for sterilization of transportation in livestock and poultry farms as well as the biosafety construction of the animal husbandry.
基金funded by the A-Base Research Project(J-1276)of Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada.
文摘Objectives:This study investigated the effects of processing parameters,specifically the flow rate and the combination of diluted HCI and salt(NaCl)at different concentrations,on the properties of slightly acidic electrolyzed water(SAEW)that was produced.Materials and Methods:The properties of the SAEW that were analyzed included pH,oxidation-reduction potential(ORP),available chlorine concentration(ACC),and generated hypochlorous acid(HCIO)concentration.Meanwhile,the total aerobic bacteria and total phenolic content retention were determined.Results:NaCl alone resulted in the lowest pH(<4)and the highest ORP values(>1000 mV).Increasing the HCI concentration significantly raised the pH to greater than 5 and lowered the ORP values of SAEW,with the highest pH(5.7)observed with 1.5%HCI and 5%NaCl.The highest HCIO concentration of 19.65±1.03 mg/L was obtained with 1.5%HCI:5%NaCl.Interestingly,the concentration of NaCl had no significant effect on the production of HCIO.Furthermore,different concentrations of combined NaCl and HCI significantly influenced the inactivation efficiency on total aerobic bacteria count and changes in phenolic compound content.Increasing HCI concentrations from 0.5% to 2.0%led toan increase in the reduction of aerobic bacteria counts from 2.51 to 4.22 log colony-forming units(CFU)/g with 5%NaCl and from 2.49 to 3.52 log CFU/g with 10%NaCl.Flow rates significantly contributed to the change in HCIO formation and altered the properties of the produced SAEW.The results indicated that SAEW treatment significantly reduced total aerobic bacteria counts.A lower flow rate(O.3 L/min)produced the highest log reduction.Additionally,SAEW treatment led to a reduction in phenolic content,even though a considerable amount was retained at lower HCIO concentrations.Conclusions:These findings offer valuable information on optimizing SAEW treatment protocols for enhancing microbial safety and extending the shelf life of fresh produce,while considering the impact on the content of phenolic compounds.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (30871957)Beijing Natural Science Foundation, China (6154029)China Agricultural Research System (CARS–41)
文摘Electrolyzed water(EW) can be produced by electrolysis of a dilute salt solution. Slightly acidic electrolyzed water(SAEW, p H 5.0–6.5) and neutral electrolyzed water(NEW, p H 6.5–8.5) are considered healthy and environmentally friendly because no hazardous chemicals are added in its production, there is reduced corrosion of surfaces and it minimizes the potential for damage to animal and human health. Over the last decade, EW has become increasingly popular as an alternative disinfectant for decontamination in animal houses. However, there have been some issues related to EW that are not well known, including different mechanisms for generation of SAEW and NEW, and the antimicrobial mechanism of EW. This review covers the definitions of SAEW and NEW, different generation systems for SAEW and NEW, the antimicrobial mechanism of EW, and recent developments related to the application of SAEW and NEW in animal houses.
基金This study was financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2018YFD0701001,Grant No.2017YFB0404000).Any opinions,findings,and conclusions expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of Zhejiang University.
文摘This study assessed the combined effect of slightly acidic electrolyzed water(SAEW)and slightly acidic electrolyzed water ice(SAEW-ice)on the quality of pomfrets over a period of 18 d of cold storage at 4°C.A presoak for 5 min in SAEW solution(22 mg/L)was used before the pomfrets were placed on SAEW-ice(pH:6.45;ORP:803 mV;ACC:18 mg/L);The changes in physicochemical properties(i.e.,pH,thiobarbituric acid,total volatile basic nitrogen and texture profile),microbial loads and sensory characteristics were all analyzed.Compared with the tap water(TW)group,the total bacterial counts of the SAEW group significantly decreased by 1.27 log10 CFU/g after immersion(p<0.05).The shelf life of the pomfrets was prolonged by 9 d by the combined treatment of SAEW and SAEW-ice during storage at 4℃.On the 18th day,the gumminess and chewiness values of the pomfrets in the SAEW+SAEW-ice group were 195 g and 3.97 mJ,respectively,which were significantly higher than those of the other groups(p<0.05).The results suggested that SAEW+SAEW-ice treatments have great potential as a novel method to maintain the quality and extend the shelf life of pomfrets during refrigerated storage.
基金supported by China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(CARS-47)the National Key R&D Program of China(2019YFD0901602)Ability promotion project of Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Commission Engineering Center(19DZ2284000).
文摘The incorporation of SAEW and SI can effectively maintain the characteristics of texture in marine fish.This study aimed to investigate the relevance of cathepsin activity for texture and the establishment of a shelf-life model of mackerel(Pneumatophorus japonicus)stored at 4◦C.Before the cold storage,mackerel samples were exposed to flake ice(Control),slurry ice(SI),and slightly acidic electrolyzed water-slurry ice(SAEW-SI),respectively.Then the TVC,K-value,cathepsin activity,texture,and sensory attributes were investigated.The results showed that the TVC and K-value of samples in SAEW-SI group was significantly lower by approximately 1 log CFU/g and 17%than those in Control group(P<0.05).Meanwhile,there was a tendency to first increase and then decrease on the activities of cathepsin B,D and L.Results of texture profile analysis(TPA)clarified that SAEW-SI can markedly suppress the decrease of hardness,springiness and chewiness(P<0.05).During the experimental period,the highest sensory scores were obtained in SAEW-SI group.In addition,the heat map of correlation analysis suggested that texture attributes(hardness)were negatively correlated with cathepsin B(r=-0.66),cathepsin D(r=-0.49),and cathepsin L(r=-0.69),respectively.According to the principal component analysis(PCA)and analysis of linear regression,SAEW-SI treatment could effectively maintain mackerel quality and extend the estimated shelf-life of mackerel by at least 5 days compared to Control group.Therefore,SAEW-SI could be suggested as a novel strategy for cold-chain transportation in seafood industry.
基金The author gratefully acknowledges the financial support from China Agricultural Research Systems(CARS-41)Southern plant-eating livestock microclimate regulation technology research(201303145)Science and Technology Plan Projects of Department of Education of Jiangxi Province(Grant No.:GJJ160401).The author also likes to acknowledge Zhao Lijie for assisting with the experiments.
文摘Slightly acidic electrolyzed water(SAEW,pH 6.0-6.5)is an ideal and environmentally-friendly disinfectant,which was used to prevent and control bacterial infections on farms.This work aims to investigate the inactivation effectiveness of SAEW in inactivating microbes in a disinfection channel.The bactericidal efficiency of SAEW on equipment surfaces was compared to two commercial disinfectants,Kuei A bromide solution(KAS,5:1000 v/v)and Glutaraldehyde solution(GS,5:1000 v/v).The disinfection effectiveness of SAEW in inactivating Salmonella enteritidis(S.enteritidis)on equipment surfaces in the disinfection channel was evaluated,and a model was developed using multiple linear regression analysis.Results indicated that SAEW was significantly(p<0.05)more efficient than KAS and GS on kits and clothing in the disinfection channel at 1 min.The SAEW did not contribute as aggressively to respiratory difficulty as KAS and GS.Maximum reductions of 2.362 log10 CFU/cm^(2),2.613 log10 CFU/cm^(2) and 2.359 log10 CFU/cm^(2) for Salmonella enteritidis were obtained from clothing surfaces,iron materials,and kits treated with SAEW for 2.5 min at a chlorine concentration of 220 mg/L.Moreover,the established model had a good fit-quantified by the determination coefficient R^(2)(0.939)and a lack of fit test(p>0.05).In addition,available chlorine concentration(ACC)was an important factor than other factors,and the inactivation efficiency of Salmonella enteritidis sprayed by SAEW treatment was different between iron materials,kits and clothing surfaces(iron>kit>clothing).
基金This study was supported by the Ministry of Education, Science,Sports and Culture of Japan(No.10470311).
文摘Objective: To study the efficacy of electrolyzed oxidizing water ( EOW ) and hydrocolloid occlusive dressings in the acceleration of epithelialization in excised burn-wounds in rats.Methods: Each of the anesthetized Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 28) was subjected to a third-degree burn that covered approximately 10% of the total body surface area. Rats were assigned into four groups: Group Ⅰ ( no irrigation), Group Ⅱ (irrigation with physiologic saline), Group Ⅲ ( irrigation with EOW ) and Group Ⅳ ( hydrocolloid occlusive dressing after EOW irrigation). Wounds were observed macroscopically until complete epithelialization was present, then the epithelialized wounds were examined microscopically. Results: Healing of the burn wounds was the fastest in Group Ⅳ treated with hydrocolloid occlusive dressing together with EOW. Although extensive regenerative epidermis was seen in each Group, the proliferations of lymphocytes and macrophages associated with dense collagen deposition were more extensive in Group Ⅱ, Ⅲ and IV than in Group Ⅰ. These findings were particularly evident in Group Ⅲ and Ⅳ.Conclusions: Wound Healing may be accelerated by applying a hydrocolloid occlusive dressing on burn surfaces after they are cleaned with EOW.
基金financially supported by the Guangdong Provincial Special Fund For Modern Agriculture Industry Technology Innovation Teams(2023KJ151)the Youth Talent Support Programme of Guangdong Provincial Association for Science and Technology(SKXRC202210)+1 种基金the Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund,CAFS(2020TD69)the Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,China(NYJG201309).
文摘Ready-to-eat jellyfish production is restricted by the high aluminum residue and unable use of thermal sterilization.In this study,the combined dealumination and sterilization by slightly acidic electrolyzed water(SAEW)were used to produce ready-to-eat jellyfish.The optimal aluminum removal amount reaching 120.17 mg/kg was obtained after response surface analysis.Structure observation through optical microscope after Masson staining and scanning electron microscope showed that the microstructure of jellyfish was not destroyed after SAEW treatment.The increase of total plate count(TPC)and pH value during storage was significantly inhibited by SAEW,while the other properties did not changed significantly.Staphylococcus,especially Staphylococcus epidermidis was dominant in the ready-to-eat jellyfish and many spoilage bacteria were inhibited by SAEW.The correlation network maps showed that Pseudomonas and Shewanella contributed most to the increase of TPC and pH value in the control group,while the correlated microbial genera mainly changed to Acinetobacter,Cutibacterium,and Pseudomonas after SAEW treatment,resulting in the decrease of hardness and chewiness of ready-to-eat jellyfish during storage.The inhibited Pseudomonas contributed most to the decrease of TPC and pH value after SAEW treatment.This study provides a novel technology of dealumination and sterilization for ready-to-eat jellyfish.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program(2017YFE0114500-4)the National Science Foundation of China(NSFC),“Regulations of production conditions and transformation mechanism of sulforaphane in broccoli sprouts with CaCl2-HCl electrolyzed water”(No.31972091).
文摘The growing recognition of a healthy lifestyle framework has promoted the development of novel functional foods or superfoods with abundant nutrients and health-promoting properties.Therefore,the influence of slightly acidic electrolyzed water(SAEW)as an elicitor on broccoli sprouts was investigated.The increase of electrolyte leakage percentage,thiobarbituric acid reactive substances levels and proline concentration indicated that the defense system of broccoli sprouts had responded to stress caused by SAEW.Furthermore,the antioxidant enzymes and secondary metabolites,phenolic compounds,were evaluated and revealed the enhancement of antioxidant enzymes(superoxide dismutase,peroxidases,catalase,and ascorbate peroxidase)activities and phenolic compounds content in broccoli sprouts with SAEW treatment.The major groups of phenolic composition in broccoli sprouts were phenolic acids and flavonoids.The Folin-Ciocalteu index and antioxidant activity assay also proved the enhancement of antioxidant capacity of broccoli sprouts with SAEW treatment.Results from this study indicated that SAEW treatment could increase the antioxidant ability of broccoli sprouts.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22309137,22279095)Open subject project State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing Technologies(FZ2023001).
文摘Anion-exchange membrane water electrolyzers(AEMWEs)for green hydrogen production have received intensive attention due to their feasibility of using earth-abundant NiFe-based catalysts.By introducing a third metal into NiFe-based catalysts to construct asymmetrical M-NiFe units,the d-orbital and electronic structures can be adjusted,which is an important strategy to achieve sufficient oxygen evolution reaction(OER)performance in AEMWEs.Herein,the ternary NiFeM(M:La,Mo)catalysts featured with distinct M-NiFe units and varying d-orbitals are reported in this work.Experimental and theoretical calculation results reveal that the doping of La leads to optimized hybridization between d orbital in NiFeM and 2p in oxygen,resulting in enhanced adsorption strength of oxygen intermediates,and reduced rate-determining step energy barrier,which is responsible for the enhanced OER performance.More critically,the obtained NiFeLa catalyst only requires 1.58 V to reach 1 A cm^(−2) in an anion exchange membrane electrolyzer and demonstrates excellent long-term stability of up to 600 h.
基金This research was financially supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Project number:2018YFD0701001)the Key Laboratory of Equipment and Informatization in Environment Controlled Agriculture,Ministry of Agriculture,P.R.China and the Shanghai Sailing Program(19YF1443500).
文摘Mixed solution of slightly acidic electrolyzed water(SAEW)and artificial seawater was used to investigate the disinfection potential of SAEW in artificial seawater.Inoculated Vibrio parahaemolyticus(suspended in 3%sodium chloride alkaline peptone water and 0.85%sodium chloride water,respectively)was subjected to different mixed-SAEW and SAEW immersion treatments(5-20 mg/L available chlorine concentration(ACC)).In the presence of organic matter,4.07 logCFU/mL significant reduction(p<0.05)was achieved after treating with 20 mg/L mixed-SAEW for 15 min.There was 5.13 logCFU/mL reduction after treating with 15 mg/L SAEW for 15 min.For V.parahaemolyticus suspended in 0.85%sodium chloride solution,it was undetected after 30 s SAEW treatment(5 mg/L ACC)or 120 s mixed-SAEW treatment(10 mg/L ACC).At a ratio of SAEW and artificial seawater at 1:15(V/V),SAEW could inactivate V.parahaemolyticus to undetectable level in artificial seawater in one minute,which was comparable with UV treatment of 10 W.The results indicated high sanitization potential of SAEW against V.parahaemolyticus in aquaculture seawater.
基金supported by a grant from the Research Grants Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region,China(Project No.15308024)a grant from Research Centre for Carbon-Strategic Catalysis,The Hong Kong Polytechnic University(CE2X).
文摘Water electrolyzers play a crucial role in green hydrogen production.However,their efficiency and scalability are often compromised by bubble dynamics across various scales,from nanoscale to macroscale components.This review explores multi-scale modeling as a tool to visualize multi-phase flow and improve mass transport in water electrolyzers.At the nanoscale,molecular dynamics(MD)simulations reveal how electrode surface features and wettability influence nanobubble nucleation and stability.Moving to the mesoscale,models such as volume of fluid(VOF)and lattice Boltzmann method(LBM)shed light on bubble transport in porous transport layers(PTLs).These insights inform innovative designs,including gradient porosity and hydrophilic-hydrophobic patterning,aimed at minimizing gas saturation.At the macroscale,VOF simulations elucidate two-phase flow regimes within channels,showing how flow field geometry and wettability affect bubble discharging.Moreover,artificial intelligence(AI)-driven surrogate models expedite the optimization process,allowing for rapid exploration of structural parameters in channel-rib flow fields and porous flow field designs.By integrating these approaches,we can bridge theoretical insights with experimental validation,ultimately enhancing water electrolyzer performance,reducing costs,and advancing affordable,high-efficiency hydrogen production.
基金the Hebei Natural Science Foundation of China(No.C2018208085)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31972170).
文摘In the present study,the bactericidal efficacy of slightly acidic electrolyzed water(SAEW)against Listeria monocytogenes(L.monocytogenes)planktonic cells and biofilm on food-contact surfaces including stainless steel and glass was systematically evaluated.The results showed that SAEW(pH 5.09 and available chlorine concentration(ACC)of 60.33 mg/L)could kill L.monocytogenes on food-contact surfaces completely in 30 s,a disinfection efficacy equal to that of NaCIO solutions(pH 9.23 and ACC of 253.53 mg/L).The results showed that long exposure time and high ACC contributed to the enhancement of the disinfection efficacy of SAEW on L.monocytogenes on food-contact surfaces.Moreover,the log reduction of SAEW treatment presented an increasing tendency within the prolonging of treatment time when SAEW was used to remove the L.monocytogenes bioflm formed on stainless steel and glass surfaces,which suggested that SAEW could remove L.monocytogenes bio-film effectively and its disinfection efficacy is equal to(in the case of stainless steel)or higher than(in the case of glass)that of high-ACC NaCIO solutions.In addition,the results of the crystal violet staining and scanning electron microscopy also demonstrated that SAEW treatment could remove the L.monocytogenes biofilm on food-contact surfaces.
文摘The pursuit of sustainable hydrogen production has positioned water electrolysis as a cornerstone technology for global carbon neutrality.However,sluggish kinetics,catalyst scarcity,and system integration challenges hinder its widespread deployment.Ultrathin two-dimensional(2D)materials,with their atomically exposed surfaces,tunable electronic structures,and defect-engineering capabilities,present unique opportunities for next-generation electrocatalysts.This review provides an integrated overview of ultrathin 2D electrocatalysts,discussing their structural diversity,synthetic routes,structure-activity relationships,and mechanistic understanding in water electrolysis processes.Special focus is placed on the translation of 2D materials from laboratory research to practical device implementation,emphasizing challenges such as scalable fabrication,interfacial engineering,and operational durability in realistic electrolyzer environments.The role of advanced characterization techniques in capturing dynamic structural changes and active site evolution is discussed.Finally,we outline future research directions,emphasizing the synergy of machine learning-driven materials discovery,advanced operando characterization,and scalable system integration to accelerate the industrial translation of 2D electrocatalysts for green hydrogen production.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(22379083)State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering(SKL-ChE-23T02)+2 种基金financial support from Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciencessupport from Tsinghua International School’s Research Mentoring Programsupport from Tsinglan School’s Research Mentoring Program。
文摘Renewable energy-driven bicarbonate conversion to valuable chemicals presents an attractive strategy for mitigating CO_(2)emissions,as bicarbonate can be efficiently generated from the capture of atmospheric CO_(2)using alkaline solutions with reactive absorption.In this work,we present a CO_(2)-mediated bicarbonate conversion to pure formate using a cation exchange membrane-based electrolyzer with a 25 cm^(2)electrode area.Our electrolysis achieved selectivities exceeding 75%for formate at a total current of 2.5 A,achieving formate concentrations up to 1.2 M and yields as high as 95%over extended periods.The techno-economic assessment confirmed the economic viability of the process,highlighting the potential for bicarbonate electrolysis as a sustainable method for producing valuable chemicals.
